CN111525378A - A miniaturized passive Q laser that transfers for airborne laser illumination ware - Google Patents
A miniaturized passive Q laser that transfers for airborne laser illumination ware Download PDFInfo
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- CN111525378A CN111525378A CN202010205065.5A CN202010205065A CN111525378A CN 111525378 A CN111525378 A CN 111525378A CN 202010205065 A CN202010205065 A CN 202010205065A CN 111525378 A CN111525378 A CN 111525378A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/08059—Constructional details of the reflector, e.g. shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/08081—Unstable resonators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
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- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for an airborne laser illuminator, which comprises: the all-reflecting mirror, the pyramid prism, the LD pumping module, the passive Q-switched crystal and the output mirror; wherein, the LD pumping module contains working substance; the passive Q-switched crystal and the output mirror are sequentially arranged at one end of the LD pumping module, and the total reflection mirror and the pyramid prism are arranged at the other end of the LD pumping module. The output mirror and the passive Q-switched crystal are respectively arranged on an inner mirror frame and an outer mirror frame of a mirror frame structural member consisting of two discrete mirror frames, and the mirror frame of the total reflection mirror is arranged at a position which is not more than a preset distance away from the LD pumping module; the position of the pyramid prism relative to the total reflection mirror is determined by calculating the optical path of the optical path in the pyramid prism to determine the distance between the surface of the pyramid prism and the LD pumping module and the total reflection mirror according to the optical cavity length required by the design of the laser resonant cavity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser, in particular to a miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for an airborne laser illuminator.
Background
The laser illuminator is an important component in a laser semi-active seeking guidance system, has the functions of laser ranging and target illumination indication, is a core device for realizing the two functions in the laser illuminator, is not only crucial to physical parameters and electrical parameters, but also to mechanical parameters which are technical indexes needing to be comprehensively considered in the design process, and particularly for airborne equipment, the miniaturization design gradually becomes a key technical problem in the engineering design in the field.
At present, a typical airborne laser illuminator realizes 12km distance measurement and 10km illumination, the required laser energy is 80mJ, the divergence angle of a laser beam after beam expansion and collimation is 0.3mrad, and the general technical principle is that nanosecond-level pulse laser output is realized based on an electro-optical Q-switching technology. According to the principle and characteristics of electro-optic Q-switching, in order to obtain 80mJ laser energy output, a pumping module needs to have enough high pumping power and small size, and laser luminous efficiency is improved even through the design of an optimized resonant cavity.
Therefore, the laser using the electro-optic Q-switch has no advantage in the miniaturization design, which results in an increase in the size and weight of the laser projector, and may cause trouble of bearing pressure or insufficient installation space for the overall system (e.g., electro-optic pod).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the defects exist in the prior art, and provides a miniaturized passive Q-switched laser for an airborne laser illuminator, which adopts an LD pump Nd-YAG crystal and combines the passive Q-switched principle to realize 1064nm pulse laser output and can obtain laser energy output of more than 80 mJ.
According to the present invention there is provided a miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for an airborne laser illuminator, comprising: the all-reflecting mirror, the pyramid prism, the LD pumping module, the passive Q-switched crystal and the output mirror; wherein, the LD pumping module contains working substance; the passive Q-switched crystal and the output mirror are sequentially arranged at one end of the LD pumping module, and the total reflection mirror and the pyramid prism are arranged at the other end of the LD pumping module.
Preferably, the output mirror and the passive Q-switched crystal are respectively arranged on an inner mirror frame and an outer mirror frame of a mirror frame structural member consisting of two discrete mirror frames, the mirror frame structural member is fixed on a LD pumping module structural member, and copper sheets are padded under the mirror frame of the Q-switched crystal and the mirror frame of the output mirror.
Preferably, the frame of the total reflection mirror is arranged at a position not more than a predetermined distance from the LD pumping module; the position of the pyramid prism relative to the total reflection mirror is determined by calculating the optical path of the optical path in the pyramid prism to determine the distance between the surface of the pyramid prism and the LD pumping module and the total reflection mirror according to the optical cavity length required by the design of the laser resonant cavity.
Preferably, the output mirror mounting and fixing structure reserves 1mm of horizontal translation amount, the output mirror mounting and fixing structure reserves 1mm of vertical translation amount, and errors of parallelism of two end faces caused by translation adjustment and compensation processing of the two cavity mirrors are avoided.
Preferably, the working substance is a rod of Nd: YAG crystals with a diameter greater than 4mm and the passively Q-switched crystals are Cr: YAG crystals.
Preferably, the output mirror is coated according to a curve of graded reflectivity.
According to the present invention, there is also provided a miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for an airborne laser illuminator, comprising: the system comprises a total reflection mirror, an LD pumping module, a passive Q-switched crystal and an output mirror; wherein, the LD pumping module contains working substance; the passive Q-switched crystal and the output mirror are sequentially arranged at one end of the LD pumping module, and the total reflection mirror is arranged at the other end of the LD pumping module.
Preferably, the output mirror and the passive Q-switched crystal are respectively arranged on an inner mirror frame and an outer mirror frame of a mirror frame structural member consisting of two discrete mirror frames, the mirror frame structural member is fixed on a LD pumping module structural member, and copper sheets are padded under the mirror frame of the Q-switched crystal and the mirror frame of the output mirror.
Preferably, the arrangement position of the mirror frame of the total reflection mirror relative to the LD pumping module is determined by determining the distance from the center of the total reflection mirror to the crystal rod in the LD pumping module according to the optical cavity length required by the laser resonant cavity design.
Preferably, the working substance is a Nd: YAG crystal rod with the diameter not more than 4mm, the passive Q-switched crystal is Cr: YAG crystal, and the output mirror is coated according to the curve of the gradual change reflectivity.
Therefore, the invention provides a miniaturized passive Q-switched laser for an airborne laser illuminator, which adopts an LD pump Nd-YAG crystal and combines the passive Q-switched principle to realize 1064nm pulse laser output and can obtain laser energy output of more than 80 mJ.
Drawings
A more complete understanding of the present invention, and the attendant advantages and features thereof, will be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
fig. 1 schematically shows a miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for an airborne laser illuminator according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 schematically shows a miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for an airborne laser illuminator according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate rather than limit the invention. It is noted that the drawings representing structures may not be drawn to scale. Also, in the drawings, the same or similar elements are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals.
Detailed Description
In order that the present disclosure may be more clearly and readily understood, reference will now be made in detail to the present disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
< first embodiment >
Fig. 1 schematically shows a miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for an airborne laser illuminator according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention. The miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for an onboard laser illuminator according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention is a U-cavity laser.
As shown in fig. 1, a miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for an on-board laser illuminator according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a total reflection mirror 1, a pyramid prism 2, an LD pumping module 3, a passive Q-switched crystal 4 and an output mirror 5.
The passive Q-switched crystal 4 and the output mirror 5 are sequentially arranged at one end of the LD pumping module 3, and the total reflection mirror 1 and the pyramid prism 2 are arranged at the other end of the LD pumping module 3.
Preferably, the passive Q-switched crystal 4 and the output mirror 5 are integrally installed on the end face of the LD pumping module, the structure is compact, the problem of sealing and dust prevention is solved, and the cavity mirror is provided with an O-shaped sealing ring and simultaneously has the function of a window sealing mirror.
Wherein, the total reflection mirror 1 and the output mirror 5 constitute U type resonant cavity, and the pyramid prism 2 is folded the light path, under the long prerequisite of assurance optical cavity, can shorten laser instrument mechanical length to the pyramid prism produces 180 reflections to incident light, can guarantee the depth of parallelism of intracavity light path, is favorable to maintaining the laser instrument stable.
Specifically, preferably, the LD pumping module 3 is used as a pumping source of a laser, and contains a Nd: YAG crystal as a working substance inside, and in order to obtain 80mJ laser energy output, the diameter of a Nd: YAG crystal rod is larger than 4mm, the gain length and the doping concentration are matched, and oscillation of a large-mode-volume light spot is formed in a cavity.
Preferably, to achieve nanosecond-level pulsed laser output, a Cr: YAG crystal is used as the passive Q-switched crystal 4.
Preferably, in order to extract the laser energy with large mode volume, the laser resonant cavity is designed to adopt an unstable cavity, and the output mirror is coated according to the curve of the gradual change reflectivity (the output mirror adopts a gradual change reflectivity super-Gaussian mirror), so that the quality of the laser beam can be better controlled, and the laser crystal bar is not damaged.
Preferably, in order to ensure the maximum miniaturization design of the laser, the structure is reasonably designed, and the clamping tools of the optical devices are reasonably distributed according to the physical space.
Regarding the installation and adjustment of the resonant cavity, a wedge-free mirror group scheme is adopted, higher processing requirements are provided for the parallelism of two end faces of an LD pumping module during structural design, 1mm horizontal translation amount is reserved for a rear cavity mirror installation and fixing structure, 1mm vertical translation amount is reserved for an output mirror installation and fixing structure, and errors of the parallelism of the two end faces caused by processing are compensated through the translation adjustment of the two cavity mirrors.
Firstly, a group of structural parts consisting of two discrete mirror frames is designed, the inner mirror frame and the outer mirror frame are respectively assembled with the passive Q-switched crystal 4 and the output mirror 5, and the group of mirror frames are fixed on the structural parts of the LD pump module to form a whole, so that the mechanical length can be shortened. The pitching of the output mirror is finely adjusted by using thin copper sheets with different thicknesses between the Q-adjusting crystal mirror frame and the output mirror frame through a pad. And according to the optical cavity length required by the design of the laser resonant cavity, calculating the optical path of the optical path in the pyramid prism, and determining the distance from the surface of the pyramid prism to the LD pumping module and the total reflector, so that the positions of the total reflector and the pyramid prism can be determined. In order to shorten the mechanical length of the laser as much as possible, the lens frame provided with the total reflection mirror is designed to be close to the LD pumping module (the lens frame of the total reflection mirror can be arranged at a position which is not more than a preset distance away from the LD pumping module) to the maximum extent, the distance between the pyramid prism and the total reflection mirror can be lengthened, and the mechanical length of the whole laser is shortened.
In the first preferred embodiment of the invention, the laser adopts a U-shaped cavity to realize the output of laser energy of 80mJ, and the divergence angle of a laser beam can reach within 0.3mrad after beam expansion.
The whole laser is small in size, the total length is not more than 100mm, 80mJ laser energy output can be achieved, a pyramid prism is introduced into a laser resonant cavity to serve as an intracavity reflector, the resonant cavity is of a U-shaped structure, an unstable cavity is adopted as the resonant cavity, the diameter of a crystal rod in an LD pumping module is larger than 4mm, and large-mode-volume optical oscillation is achieved in the cavity.
< second embodiment >
Fig. 2 schematically shows a miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for an airborne laser illuminator according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. The miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for airborne laser illuminators according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention is a linear cavity laser. The miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for on-board laser illuminators according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention does not contain corner cube prisms.
As shown in fig. 2, a miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for an on-board laser illuminator according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention includes: the laser comprises a total reflection mirror 1, an LD pumping module 3, a passive Q-switched crystal 4 and an output mirror 5.
The passive Q-switched crystal 4 and the output mirror 5 are sequentially arranged at one end of the LD pumping module 3, and the total reflection mirror 1 is arranged at the other end of the LD pumping module 3.
For some applications, laser energy of about 50mJ may be sufficient for laser illumination, and using Nd: YAG crystals with a smaller diameter than the first mode rod, the cavity length can be shortened, as shown in FIG. 2, and the laser size can be smaller.
As shown in FIG. 2, the laser is a linear resonant cavity consisting of a total reflection mirror 1 and an output mirror 5, the cavity length is shorter, and the whole laser is more miniaturized.
The LD pumping module 3 is used as a pumping source of a laser, Nd-YAG crystal is contained in the LD pumping module as a working substance, the diameter of a Nd-YAG crystal rod can be 4mm, the gain length is matched with the doping concentration, and oscillation of large-mode-volume light spots is still formed in the cavity.
In order to realize nanosecond-level pulse laser output, a Cr-YAG crystal is adopted as the passive Q-switched crystal 4.
In order to extract the laser energy with large mode volume, the laser resonant cavity is designed to adopt an unstable cavity, and an output mirror is coated according to a curve of gradually-changed reflectivity, so that the quality of a laser beam can be well controlled, and a laser crystal bar is not damaged.
In order to ensure the miniaturization design of the laser to the maximum extent, the structure is reasonably designed, and the clamping tools of all optical devices are reasonably distributed according to the physical space. The laser cavity mirror and the Cr-YAG crystal are integrally arranged on the end face of the LD pumping module, the structure is compact, the problem of sealing and dust prevention is solved, and the cavity mirror is provided with an O-shaped sealing ring and also has the function of a window sealing mirror. Regarding the installation and adjustment of the resonant cavity, a wedge-free mirror group scheme is adopted, higher processing requirements are provided for the parallelism of two end faces of an LD module during structural design, 1mm horizontal translation amount is reserved for a rear cavity mirror installation and fixing structure, 1mm vertical translation amount is reserved for an output mirror installation and fixing structure, and errors of the parallelism of the two end faces caused by processing are compensated through the translation adjustment of the two cavity mirrors.
Firstly, a group of structural parts consisting of two discrete mirror frames is designed, the inner mirror frame and the outer mirror frame are respectively assembled with the passive Q-switched crystal 4 and the output mirror 5, and the group of mirror frames are fixed on the structural parts of the LD pump module to form a whole, so that the mechanical length can be shortened. The pitching of the output mirror is finely adjusted by using thin copper sheets with different thicknesses between the Q-adjusting crystal mirror frame and the output mirror frame through a pad. And determining the distance from the center of the total reflection mirror to the crystal bar according to the optical cavity length required by the laser resonant cavity design, and designing a mirror frame for mounting the total reflection mirror, wherein the mirror frame is fixed on the other side of the LD module.
Similarly, for example, frame structure is fixed to the LD pump module structure, and copper sheets are padded under the Q-switched crystal frame and the output mirror frame.
The invention has at least the following three advantages:
1) the laser adopts the passive Q-switching technical principle to realize the output of pulse laser, and introduces the pyramid prism, on the premise of ensuring the optical cavity length, the mechanical length is shortened, the volume of the whole machine is small, the total length does not exceed 100mm, compared with the pulse laser of the conventional electro-optical Q-switching mode, the laser also outputs 80mJ laser energy, and the method adopted by the invention has obvious advantages on miniaturization design.
2) The resonant cavity adopts a U-shaped unstable cavity, and the pyramid prism is used as an intracavity reflecting device, so that an intracavity light path is more stable, the interference caused by external vibration and other environmental factors is relatively small, the jitter of a laser output optical axis is reduced, and the laser output optical axis is also an important index for an airborne laser illuminator.
3) The output mirror adopts a graded-reflectivity super-Gaussian mirror (VRM), so that the problem of hot spots of an unstable cavity is solved while the oscillation of a large-mode volume light path is ensured and the energy output of more than 80mJ is realized, the crystal bar is prevented from being damaged by strong light, and meanwhile, the quality of a laser beam is improved compared with that of a cavity mirror with a conventional film layer.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", "third", and the like in the description are used for distinguishing various components, elements, steps, and the like in the description, and are not used for indicating a logical relationship or a sequential relationship between the various components, elements, steps, and the like, unless otherwise specified.
It is to be understood that while the present invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments thereof, it is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that many changes and modifications can be made, or equivalents modified, in the embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (10)
1. A miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for an airborne laser illuminator, comprising: the all-reflecting mirror, the pyramid prism, the LD pumping module, the passive Q-switched crystal and the output mirror; wherein, the LD pumping module contains working substance; the passive Q-switched crystal and the output mirror are sequentially arranged at one end of the LD pumping module, and the total reflection mirror and the pyramid prism are arranged at the other end of the LD pumping module.
2. The miniaturized passively Q-switched laser of claim 1, wherein the output mirror and the passively Q-switched crystal are mounted on an inner frame and an outer frame, respectively, of a frame structure composed of two separate frames, the frame structure being fixed to the LD pumping module structure, the frame of the Q-switched crystal and the frame of the output mirror being padded with copper sheets.
3. The miniaturized passive Q-switched laser for on-board laser illuminators according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mirror frame of the total reflection mirror is arranged at a distance not exceeding a predetermined distance from the LD pumping module; the position of the pyramid prism relative to the total reflection mirror is determined by calculating the optical path of the optical path in the pyramid prism to determine the distance between the surface of the pyramid prism and the LD pumping module and the total reflection mirror according to the optical cavity length required by the design of the laser resonant cavity.
4. The miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for the airborne laser illuminator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the output mirror mounting and fixing structure reserves 1mm of horizontal translation amount, the output mirror mounting and fixing structure reserves 1mm of vertical translation amount, and the two end surface parallelism errors caused by the translation adjustment and compensation processing of the two cavity mirrors.
5. A miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for airborne laser illuminators according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the working substance is a Nd: YAG crystal rod with a diameter larger than 4mm and the passively Q-switched crystal is a Cr: YAG crystal.
6. The miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for airborne laser illuminators according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the output mirror is coated according to a graded reflectivity curve.
7. A miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for an airborne laser illuminator, comprising: the system comprises a total reflection mirror, an LD pumping module, a passive Q-switched crystal and an output mirror; wherein, the LD pumping module contains working substance; the passive Q-switched crystal and the output mirror are sequentially arranged at one end of the LD pumping module, and the total reflection mirror is arranged at the other end of the LD pumping module.
8. The miniaturized passively Q-switched laser of claim 7, wherein the output mirror and the passively Q-switched crystal are mounted on an inner frame and an outer frame, respectively, of a frame structure composed of two separate frames, the frame structure being fixed to the LD pumping module structure, the frame of the Q-switched crystal and the frame of the output mirror being padded with copper sheets.
9. The miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for on-board laser illuminators according to claim 8, wherein the placement position of the mirror frame of the holophote with respect to the LD pump module is determined by determining the distance of the holophote center from the crystal rod in the LD pump module according to the optical cavity length required for the laser resonator design.
10. A miniaturized passively Q-switched laser for airborne laser illuminators according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the working substance is a Nd: YAG crystal rod with a diameter not more than 4mm, the passively Q-switched crystal is a Cr: YAG crystal, and the output mirror is coated according to the gradient reflectivity curve.
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| CN202010205065.5A CN111525378A (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2020-03-20 | A miniaturized passive Q laser that transfers for airborne laser illumination ware |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113659419A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-16 | 江苏亮点光电研究有限公司 | Temperature-control-free high-beam-quality electro-optic Q-switched pulse laser |
| CN115810974A (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2023-03-17 | 长春理工大学 | Flat-top laser device of gradually-doped passive Q-switched crystal and output method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115810974A (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2023-03-17 | 长春理工大学 | Flat-top laser device of gradually-doped passive Q-switched crystal and output method |
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