CN111525000B - Method for separating solar cell module glass - Google Patents
Method for separating solar cell module glass Download PDFInfo
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- CN111525000B CN111525000B CN202010431240.2A CN202010431240A CN111525000B CN 111525000 B CN111525000 B CN 111525000B CN 202010431240 A CN202010431240 A CN 202010431240A CN 111525000 B CN111525000 B CN 111525000B
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- solar cell
- cell module
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- blade
- adhesive film
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 136
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001595785 Granata Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
Abstract
The invention provides a method for separating solar cell module glass. The method comprises the following steps: firstly preheating the edge of a scraper, and then driving a solar cell module to move forwards by a set distance by a transmission mechanism; cutting the scraper blade into the solar cell module from below the solar cell module in an obliquely upward manner, and enabling the scraper blade to contact the lower surface of the glass; and then the solar cell module continues to move, and the adhesive film adhered on the glass and the lower layer component adhered together with the adhesive film are scraped off by the blade of the scraper. Before scraping, the solar cell module can be scanned by a laser scanning mechanism so as to reduce the adhesive force of the adhesive film on the lower surface of the glass. The invention can realize the high-efficiency separation of the complete glass in the solar cell component, especially the crystalline silicon component, and has low residual adhesive rate on the surface of the glass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar cell recovery, in particular to a method for separating solar cell module glass.
Background
The photovoltaic power generation market rapidly develops, so that the photovoltaic components after the service life, particularly crystalline silicon battery components and components (silicon, copper, aluminum, silver, glass, plastics and the like) which occupy more than 80 percent of the world market share are required to be subjected to innocent treatment and even recycling, the problem of raw material shortage of the photovoltaic devices can be relieved, and the resource waste and ecological environment pollution are reduced.
Internationally, the European and Japanese energy industries have conducted intensive research on photovoltaic module recycling and innocent treatment technologies and management systems, and have incorporated them into regulatory policies. In 2012, the european union meeting formally changed the regulations of "waste electrical and electronic devices" to list photovoltaic modules as waste electronic devices, which must be collected and recycled.
One of the current research hotspots is acidolysis or organic solvent dissolution. The BP solar company of Belgium proposes acidolysis technology, namely, a component consisting of a cell without a back plate is soaked in nitric acid at 60 ℃; the EVA crosslinked plastic in the middle of the battery piece and the glass is dissolved by thermal acid reaction, and components such as silver grid lines, aluminum paste and the like on the battery piece are leached out simultaneously, so that the complete silicon wafer and the glass are obtained. The method adopts an organic chemical method, such as Doi, university of Tokyo, japan, and the like, and the screening finds that trichloroethylene is adopted as a solvent, so that EVA can be effectively dissolved at 80 ℃. This method requires pressurizing the assembly for more than 7 days. Korean Kim et al studied the influence of different solvent concentrations, temperatures, ultrasonic power, and ultrasonic irradiation time on the dissolution reaction by improving the dissolution rate through an organic solvent-assisted ultrasonic method. It was found that EVA was completely dissolved in 3mol/L toluene for 1h at a power of 450W ultrasonic at 70deg.C. The inorganic acid or organic solvent dissolving method can obtain complete silicon chip and glass, but the problems of high acid consumption, large amount of toxic gas generation, organic waste liquid and other secondary waste treatment also occur.
Pyrolysis methods have also been applied in crystalline silicon component recycling studies. EVA and the back plate can be removed by Swiss energy company in nitrogen atmosphere at 450 ℃ for 45min by using a high-temperature fluidized bed method, so that glass and a battery piece are recovered. The principle of the method is that fine sand is utilized to carry out high temperature N in a high temperature fluidized bed 2 The gas flows, the fine sand is in a rolling and scalding flowing state, the fine sand has liquid property, EVA and the backboard in the fluidized bed are gasified under the action of mechanical force, and the waste gas can be treated and reused by taking a secondary combustion method as a heat source of the reactor. The fixed container heat treatment technology of the Germany Deutsche Solar AG company is to completely heat treat plastic components (EVA, backboard, etc.) by a muffle furnace or an incinerator at 600 ℃, and then separate the battery piece, glass, alloy frame, etc. The pyrolysis method is used for separating the components of the battery, the efficiency is higher, but the energy consumption is high, and the problems of obvious pyrolysis waste gas, waste liquid pollution of the complete silicon wafer recovered by subsequent etching and the like are not negligible.
Research shows that the oil phase product obtained by pyrolysis at the temperature of more than 500 ℃ is mainly olefin with the carbon number of 1-30 and long-chain and straight-chain isomers of alkane; the gas phase products are short chain olefins, alkanes, and the like. The oil and gas phase products are mostly polluting. In addition, japanese scholars Katsuya et al found that EVA thermally swelled during pyrolysis, resulting in a thin battery sheet susceptible to stress cracking; PV Cycle also indicates that when the cell thickness is less than 200 microns, the heat treatment technique has not been able to obtain a complete wafer. The combined use of organic dissolution and heat treatment has also been reported (Kim et al, university of Nanguo Han Guozhong), but the process is too complicated.
Granata et al studied the mechanical treatment of waste photovoltaic panels. After the photovoltaic panel is subjected to secondary crushing by adopting a double-blade rotor crusher-hammer crusher, particles with the particle size of more than 1mm are subjected to heat treatment at 650 ℃ and then are screened, so that the direct recovery of glass component particles is facilitated, but complete glass cannot be obtained.
Domestic patent application (CN 107803389A) discloses a recovery device for a photovoltaic module, and specifically discloses: the cutting assembly comprises a cutter seat and a hot cutter, the height of the cutter seat is adjustable, the hot cutter is fixed on the cutter seat, and the hot cutter is positioned above the bearing assembly and used for cutting an EVA material layer in the photovoltaic assembly through relative movement between the cutter seat and the bearing assembly so as to separate and recycle a glass plate, a battery piece and a back plate of the photovoltaic assembly. The technology proposes to cut each layer of the assembly by using a hot knife, but the hot knife is directly cut from the end face of one end of the assembly, and because the gap between the adhesive film (namely the EVA material layer) and the glass is very small, the adhesive film is very difficult to accurately cut into the glass and the adhesive film, and the glass is possibly broken or the adhesive film on the glass is not removed cleanly, namely the technology cannot ensure the integrity of the glass and the adhesive residue rate of the surface of the glass.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for separating solar cell module glass, which aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, complete glass is difficult to obtain and the residual glue rate of the glass surface is high.
The invention is realized in the following way: a method of separating solar module glass comprising the steps of:
a. preheating the scraper blade, and controlling the temperature of the scraper blade to be between 180 and 350 ℃; 2-5 pressure sensors are uniformly distributed on the blade;
b. the solar cell module is arranged on the transmission mechanism and comprises upper glass and a lower module connected with the upper glass through an adhesive film;
c. the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move forwards for a preset distance and then stop, and the scraper is positioned below the solar cell module;
d. under the control of the control mechanism, the pitching angle of the pitching angle adjusting mechanism is adjusted within 0-10 degrees to enable the blade to rotate upwards, and the lower layer assembly and the adhesive film are sequentially cut through until the lower layer assembly and the adhesive film are contacted with the lower surface of glass in the process of upward rotation of the blade; the pressure sensor transmits pressure signals sensed by the blade to the control mechanism in real time, and when the blade is in contact with the lower surface of the glass, the control mechanism stops rotating the blade through the pitching angle adjusting mechanism;
e. the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to continuously move forwards, and the adhesive film adhered on the glass and the lower layer assembly adhered together with the adhesive film are scraped off by the blade of the scraper along with the movement of the solar cell module;
f. after the solar cell module moves to the rear end of the solar cell module and the lower layer assembly are scraped, the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to reversely move, the scraper blade rotates 180 degrees or the other end blade of the double-blade reverse structure scraper is used, the contact between the scraper blade and the lower surface of glass is ensured, and along with the reverse movement of the solar cell module, the scraper blade scrapes the residual adhesive film which is not scraped at the front end of the solar cell module and the lower layer assembly bonded with the adhesive film together, so that the complete separation of the whole glass is finally realized.
Preferably, before the adhesive film is scraped by the scraper blade, the solar cell module is subjected to laser radiation scanning heating by a laser scanning mechanism arranged above the solar cell module, and the laser scanning mechanism can emit laser with the wavelength range of 0.6-12 μm and the power of 5-200W.
Preferably, the laser scanning mechanism emits laser light having a wavelength of 1.064 μm and a power of 50W to irradiate the solar cell module.
Preferably, in step a, the preheating of the doctor blade edge is performed by means of heat conducting oil, resistance wire or radio frequency heating.
Preferably, in the steps e and f, along with the movement of the solar cell module, the lower layer module, which is scraped off by the blade of the scraper and is adhered with the adhesive film, is clamped by the clamping mechanism and moves in the direction opposite to the movement of the solar cell module under the driving of the clamping mechanism.
Preferably, in the steps e and f, when the scraper blade works, the air blowing mechanism arranged on one side of the blade is used for delivering hot air to the interface between the glass peeled off by the scraper blade and the adhesive film, and the temperature of the hot air is adjustable from 200 ℃ to 500 ℃.
Preferably, the solar cell module is a crystalline silicon solar cell module.
Preferably, in step f, the separated whole glass is sucked by a vacuum chuck and transferred to a setting rack.
Preferably, in the process that the transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move, the boosting mechanism boosts the moving solar cell module.
Preferably, in the step a, the thickness of the scraper blade is smaller than 1mm, the chamfer angle of the scraper blade is 30-70 degrees, and the length of the scraper blade is 10cm-30cm longer than the length of the end face of the solar cell module.
The heated scraper blade is obliquely cut into the space between the glass and the lower layer assembly from the lower part of the solar cell module, the cutter-in mode is simple and convenient, the problems that the gap between the adhesive film and the glass is small and difficult to align can be well solved, the problems that the glass is broken or the adhesive film on the glass is not completely removed due to the fact that the gap between the adhesive film and the glass is small and difficult to align can be further avoided, and the integrity of the glass and the adhesive residue rate of the surface of the glass are ensured. And the doctor blade edge may be provided in a number of different configurations.
Before scraping, the solar cell module is scanned through the laser scanning mechanism, laser radiation energy penetrates through glass and the adhesive film and is absorbed by the silicon chip in the lower module, so that heating from the inside can be achieved, adhesive force of the adhesive film on the lower surface of the glass is reduced, experimental results show that the adhesive force of the adhesive film and the glass can be obviously reduced through the laser scanning mechanism when the silicon chip is subjected to non-contact heating, further, the integrity and the efficiency of the subsequent glass dismantling are guaranteed, and the residual adhesive film quantity on the surface of the glass is reduced.
In addition, the lower layer assembly with the adhesive film clamped by the clamping mechanism moves in the direction opposite to the movement direction of the solar cell assembly, which is equivalent to applying a pulling external force to the lower layer assembly with the adhesive film, thus further accelerating the separation of the glass and the adhesive film. The blast mechanism can accelerate the separation of the glass and the adhesive film by conveying hot air.
The invention can realize the high-efficiency separation of the complete glass in the solar cell component, especially the crystalline silicon component, and has low residual adhesive rate on the surface of the glass.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the device for cutting the edge of a doctor blade between glass and an underlying layer in a horizontal cutting mode in the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the device for cutting the edge of the scraper blade between the glass and the lower layer in an obliquely upward cutting manner.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the device according to the present invention, in which the doctor blade cuts between the glass and the lower layer assembly in an obliquely upward cutting manner, and the doctor blade scrapes a portion of the adhesive film in the solar cell module.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a solar cell module according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the single blade structure of the doctor blade of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the present invention with the doctor blade in a double-edged reversed configuration.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the present invention in which the doctor blade is of a double-edged equidirectional configuration.
Fig. 8 is a flow chart of a method for separating solar module glass provided by the invention.
In the figure: 1. glass; 2. a lower layer assembly; 3. a drive roller; 4. a transmission platform; 5. a laser scanning mechanism; 6. a scraper; 7. a clamping mechanism; 8. and a boosting block.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the device for separating the solar cell module glass provided by the invention comprises a transmission mechanism, a scraping mechanism, a laser scanning mechanism 5, a control mechanism, a clamping mechanism 7, a boosting mechanism, a blowing mechanism and a receiving mechanism.
The transmission mechanism is connected with the control mechanism and is used for driving the solar cell module to move under the control of the control mechanism. As shown in fig. 4, the solar cell module comprises an upper layer of glass 1 and a lower layer of module 2 connected with the glass 1 through a glue film, the solar cell module is preferably a crystalline silicon solar cell module, and the lower layer of module 2 in this embodiment comprises a silicon wafer, a glue film and a back plate from top to bottom; the conventional size of a solar cell module is 1 meter by 2 meters.
The transmission mechanism specifically comprises a transmission platform 4 and a transmission rotating shaft arranged on the transmission platform 4. The length of the transmission platform 4 is 2-4 meters, and the width is 1-2 meters. Preferably, the length of the transmission platform 4 is 2.5 meters and the width is 1.5 meters. The transmission rotating shaft is of an upper and lower double-layer structure, each layer comprises 4-10 transmission rolling shafts 3 with the same width as the transmission platform 4, the transmission rolling shafts 3 are made of heat-resistant materials, a gap of 2cm-10cm is reserved between the upper layer transmission rolling shaft 3 and the lower layer transmission rolling shaft 3, and the gap is adjustable. Preferably, a gap of 4.2cm is arranged between the upper layer of driving roller 3 and the lower layer of driving roller 3. When the solar cell module is in operation, the solar cell module is horizontally arranged on the lower layer transmission roller, the position of the upper layer transmission roller is adjusted, the upper layer transmission roller compresses the solar cell module, and the middle solar cell module can move forwards or backwards along with the relative rotation of the two layers of transmission rollers 3.
The boosting mechanism is used for assisting the transmission mechanism to boost the movement of the solar cell module. The boosting mechanism comprises a power unit and a boosting block 8, wherein the power unit further comprises a push rod driven by a motor, the boosting block 8 is connected with the push rod, the boosting block 8 is a metal block with the same width and thickness as the battery, and the metal block wraps the heat-resistant material. When the solar cell module moves forwards, the boosting block 8 is placed behind the solar cell module, the front end face of the boosting block 8 is in contact with the rear end face of the solar cell module, and under the action of the motor, the push rod transmits thrust to the boosting block 8, and then the boosting block 8 transmits thrust to the solar cell module. When the solar cell module needs to move backwards, the boosting block is placed in front of the solar cell module, and the end face of the boosting block is contacted with the front end face of the solar cell module.
The scraping mechanism is connected with the control mechanism and is used for acting under the control of the control mechanism, and scraping of the adhesive film adhered below the glass 1 in the travelling solar cell module is realized through the edge of the scraper 6 so as to peel the glass 1 from the solar cell module. Before the scraping mechanism works, the laser scanning mechanism 5 emits laser radiation to scan the solar cell module so as to reduce the adhesive force of the adhesive film. In the present invention, the laser scanning mechanism 5 is disposed above the solar cell module.
The laser scanning mechanism 5 employs a single wavelength laser or a tunable wavelength laser. The wavelength range of the emitted laser is 0.6-12 microns, and the power is 5-200W. The laser scanning mechanism 5 comprises a laser head and a horizontal swinging unit for driving the laser head to swing. The horizontal swinging unit drives the laser head to radiate the assembly along the direction perpendicular to the movement of the solar cell assembly, and the assembly is scanned along with the movement of the assembly. And the size of the light spot of the laser emitted by the laser head is adjustable.
The scanning speed of the laser scanning mechanism 5 is 0.1-2 square meters per minute. Preferably, the laser wavelength is 1.064 microns and the power is 50W, with a scanning speed of preferably 1 square meter/minute.
In many cases, the glass is patterned, and when the lower layer assembly is bonded by the adhesive film, the adhesive force between the adhesive film and the pattern on the glass is very high, and the adhesive film is very tightly combined. At this time, if the adhesive film is simply scraped by the scraper blade in the scraping mechanism, the adhesive film corresponding to the pattern is difficult to scrape. The present invention can solve this problem well by providing the laser scanning mechanism 5. The laser scanning mechanism 5 emits laser to scan and heat the silicon wafer in the lower layer assembly, the local high temperature (the energy density is very high), the heat of the silicon wafer is conducted to the adhesive film, and the adhesive force between the adhesive film and glass is reduced (the adhesive film has a certain gasification phenomenon in a tiny local area at the interface). The scraping mechanism heats the blade of the scraper through the heating mechanism, and the adhesive film is softened by phase change according to the temperature of the blade, so that the adhesive film is scraped off from the glass interface. Therefore, the adhesive force between the glass and the adhesive film can be well reduced by heating the solar cell module by the laser scanning mechanism 5, and particularly for the glass with the concave-convex pattern, the effect of the laser scanning mechanism 5 is more prominent.
After the laser scanning mechanism 5 scans and heats the solar cell module, the scraping mechanism scrapes the adhesive film by using the edge of the end part of the scraper 6. The thickness of the blade is generally smaller than 1mm, the chamfer angle of the blade is 30-70 degrees, and the length of the blade is longer than the width of the end face of the solar cell module by 10-30cm. The blade is heated by a heating mechanism in a heating mode of heat conduction oil, resistance wire or radio frequency, and the temperature of the blade of the scraper is generally controlled to be 180-350 ℃ according to the aging condition of the battery assembly. When the heat conduction oil is heated, a hollow cavity can be formed in the scraper 6, and the heat conduction oil can be injected into the hollow cavity. When heating by means of the resistance wire, a resistance wire for heating can be embedded in the doctor blade 6. When the scraper 6 is heated by radio frequency, the scraper is made of a metal material which can be heated by radio frequency. The temperature sensor is arranged on the scraper blade, and the temperature of the scraper blade can be detected in real time through the temperature sensor, so that the temperature of the blade is adjusted by the heating mechanism.
In the case of scraping, the blade edge of the scraper 6 may be cut horizontally from the end surface of the front end of the solar cell module between the glass 1 and the lower layer 2 as shown in fig. 1, or may be cut obliquely upward from below the solar cell module between the glass 1 and the lower layer 2 as shown in fig. 2. For the former, the doctor blade 6 is required to be aligned with the adhesive film between the glass 1 and the lower layer assembly 2, then the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell assembly to move forwards, and the doctor blade 6 can scrape the adhesive film adhered below the glass 1 along with the movement of the solar cell assembly. For the latter, a pitch angle adjusting mechanism needs to be provided to adjust the pitch angle of the blade edge of the doctor blade. The pitch angle adjusting mechanism is also controlled by the control mechanism. The procedure for cutting the doctor blade in an obliquely upward manner in fig. 2 between the glass 1 and the lower layer assembly 2 is in particular: after the solar cell assembly moves forwards for a certain distance (for example, 5-50 cm), the scraper blade is positioned below the solar cell assembly and is close to but not in contact with the solar cell assembly; under the control of the control mechanism, the pitching angle adjusting mechanism controls the scraper blade to rotate upwards (namely rotate clockwise in fig. 2), during the rotation process, the scraper blade firstly contacts the bottom of the lower layer assembly 2 of the solar cell assembly, and as the scraper blade rotates upwards, the scraper blade obliquely upwards cuts into the lower layer assembly 2, then cuts into the adhesive film and contacts with the lower surface of the glass 1, and when the scraper blade contacts with the lower surface of the glass 1, the pitching angle adjusting mechanism controls the scraper blade to stop rotating; and then the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move forwards, and the scraper blade scrapes the adhesive film adhered below the glass along with the movement of the solar cell module. As shown in fig. 3, since the scraper blade is cut obliquely upward from below the solar cell module, the front end portion of the solar cell module is not cut and scraped, and therefore the solar cell module is required to be moved backward later, and the remaining front end portion of the solar cell module is scraped by the scraper blade. Here, the laser scanning mechanism 5 may perform radiation scanning from the front end of the solar cell module during the forward movement of the solar cell module until the rear end of the solar cell module completes radiation scanning, so that it is ensured that the front end of the solar cell module has been completed by radiation scanning before the solar cell module moves backward and the scraper blade scrapes the remaining portion of the front end of the solar cell module.
The pitching angle adjusting mechanism comprises a motor connected with the control mechanism and an angle control unit connected with the motor; the angle control unit is simultaneously connected with the scraper 6, and is used for controlling the scraper edge to adjust the pitching angle within the range of 0-10 degrees under the control of the motor.
2-5 pressure sensors are uniformly distributed on the scraper blade, and the pressure sensors are used for detecting pressure signals contacted with the scraper blade and transmitting the detected pressure signals to the control mechanism. When the scraper blade contacts different layers (silicon wafer, adhesive film, glass and the like) in the solar cell module, the pressure sensor can detect different pressure signals, and the control mechanism can control the action of the pitching angle adjusting mechanism according to the received pressure signals so as to adjust the pitching angle of the scraper blade. Specifically: when the scraper blade contacts the bottom of the lower layer component, the pressure sensor detects a first pressure signal and transmits the first pressure signal to the control mechanism, and the control mechanism controls the pitching angle adjusting mechanism to act so that the scraper blade rotates upwards (when the lower layer component comprises a plurality of layers of structures made of different materials, the pressure sensor can detect different pressure signals); in the process of upward rotation, the blade of the scraper cuts into the lower layer assembly and contacts the adhesive film; when the scraper blade contacts the adhesive film, the pressure sensor detects a second pressure signal and transmits the second pressure signal to the control mechanism, and the control mechanism controls the pitching angle adjusting mechanism to act so that the scraper blade continuously rotates upwards; until the scraper edge cuts into the adhesive film, when contacting the lower surface of the glass, the pressure sensor detects a third pressure signal and transmits the third pressure signal to the control mechanism, and at the moment, the control mechanism controls the pitching angle adjusting mechanism to stop acting, namely: the rotation of the doctor blade is stopped. And then the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move forwards, and the scraper blade scrapes the adhesive film adhered below the glass along with the movement of the solar cell module.
The doctor blade edge may be of a single edge configuration as shown in fig. 5, a double edge reverse configuration as shown in fig. 6, or a double edge co-directional configuration as shown in fig. 7. If the single-blade structure shown in fig. 5 is adopted, when the solar cell module moves forwards until the blade scrapes the adhesive film on the edge of the rear end of the solar cell module, the scraper 6 rotates 180 degrees, the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move backwards, and the front end of the solar cell module is scraped cleanly again by the blade of the scraper, so that the complete glass is obtained. If the double-blade reverse structure shown in fig. 6 is adopted, when the solar cell module moves forwards until the blade scrapes the adhesive film on the edge of the rear end of the solar cell module completely, the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move backwards, and the control mechanism controls the pitching angle adjusting mechanism to act, so that the blade of the scraper on the other side rotates upwards (namely, the blade of the scraper on the right side rotates anticlockwise in fig. 6) until the blade of the scraper contacts the lower surface of the glass; then, along with the backward movement of the solar cell module, the adhesive film at the front end of the solar cell module is scraped clean by the edge of the scraper.
For the double-blade homodromous structure shown in fig. 7, the upper blade is a heatable blade, 2-5 pressure sensors and temperature sensors are uniformly distributed on the upper blade, the lower blade is composed of high-hardness alloy, and the gap between the upper blade and the lower blade is 2-5mm. The temperature of the upper blade can be adjusted within 180-350 ℃. After the solar cell assembly moves forwards for a certain distance, the scraper blade cuts in obliquely upwards from the lower part of the solar cell assembly, the blade rotates clockwise and is adjustable within 0-10 degrees through the pitching angle adjusting mechanism, and under the action of the pressure sensor, after the upper blade cuts through the lower layer assembly and is positioned on the lower surface of the glass, the blade stops rotating. The transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move forwards, the upper blade scrapes the adhesive film adhered on the glass, and the lower blade scrapes the lower layer module; after the rear end edge of the solar cell module is reached, the scraper is rotated for 180 degrees, the transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move backwards, the upper blade scrapes the residual adhesive film adhered on the glass, and the lower blade scrapes the residual lower layer module.
As the scraping mechanism scrapes off the adhesive film adhered to the glass, the clamping mechanism 7 clamps the lower layer assembly with the adhesive film adhered to the glass after scraping and moves along the reverse direction of the movement of the solar cell module. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the clamping mechanism 7 comprises a clamping head and a clamping transmission unit for driving the clamping head to move; the clamping transmission unit comprises a motor and a connecting rod capable of horizontally moving, and the connecting rod of the clamping transmission unit can drive the clamping head to move. The clamping head clamps the lower layer assembly adhered with the adhesive film after being scraped by the scraping mechanism, and the clamping transmission unit drives the clamping head to move in the direction opposite to the movement direction of the solar cell module, so that the lower layer assembly adhered with the adhesive film is driven to move in the opposite direction of the movement of the solar cell module, namely: a reverse pulling force is applied to the scraped lower layer assembly to which the adhesive film is adhered. Under the action of the clamping mechanism 7, the separation of the lower layer component adhered with the adhesive film and the upper layer glass can be accelerated, and the separation efficiency of the glass is accelerated.
The blowing mechanism is positioned at one side of the scraper and is used for delivering 200-500 ℃ hot air to the interface of the glass peeled off by the edge of the scraper and the adhesive film so as to reduce the adhesive force of the adhesive film and accelerate the separation of the glass.
After the complete glass is separated, the glass is recovered by a receiving mechanism. The material receiving mechanism comprises a vacuum unit, a sucker and a glass transmission unit; the sucking disc can adsorb the glass after peeling off under the effect of vacuum unit, and glass transmission unit is used for transporting the glass that is adsorbed by the sucking disc to presume on the supporter, later unclamp the sucking disc, realize the recovery of glass. The number of the sucking discs is generally 4-9.
As shown in fig. 8, the method for separating solar cell module glass provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, preheating the edge of the scraper.
The scraper blade is preheated by heat conduction oil, resistance wire or radio frequency heating, and the temperature of the scraper blade is controlled to be 180-350 ℃ by arranging a temperature sensor on the scraper blade. Meanwhile, 2-5 pressure sensors are uniformly distributed on the edge of the scraper.
The thickness of the scraper blade is smaller than 1mm, the chamfer angle of the scraper blade is 30-70 degrees, and the length of the scraper blade is 10cm-30cm longer than the length of the end face of the solar cell module.
S2, placing the solar cell module on the transmission mechanism.
The solar cell module comprises upper glass and a lower module connected with the upper glass through an adhesive film.
Step S2 may interchange the order with step S1.
And S3, the transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move forwards for a preset distance and then stops.
Typically, the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell assembly to move forward for 5-50cm, so that the solar cell assembly stops moving, and at this time, the scraper is located below the solar cell assembly, and the blade edge of the scraper is close to the bottom of the solar cell assembly but is not in contact with the bottom of the solar cell assembly.
In the process that the transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move, the boosting mechanism can boost the moving solar cell module. The description of the boosting mechanism can be found above.
And in the process that the transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to move forwards, the laser scanning mechanism starts to scan the advancing solar cell module by radiation from the front end part of the solar cell module. The laser scanning mechanism emits laser radiation to scan the solar cell module, and the laser radiation energy penetrates through the glass and the adhesive film and is absorbed by the silicon chip in the lower layer module, so that the heating from the inside can be realized, the adhesive force of the adhesive film on the lower surface of the glass is reduced, and the scraping of the cutting edge is facilitated. The laser scanning mechanism can emit laser with the wavelength range of 0.6-12 μm and the power of 5-200W. Preferably, the laser scanning mechanism emits laser light having a wavelength of 1.064 μm and a power of 50W to irradiate the solar cell module in a contactless manner.
And S4, the pitching angle adjusting mechanism adjusts the pitching angle of the blade edge of the scraper so that the scraper cuts into the solar cell module in an inclined upward mode and contacts with the lower surface of the glass.
Under the control of the control mechanism, the pitching angle of the pitching angle adjusting mechanism is adjusted within 0-10 degrees to enable the blade to rotate upwards, and the lower layer assembly and the adhesive film are sequentially cut through until the lower layer assembly and the adhesive film are contacted with the lower surface of glass in the process of upward rotation of the blade; the pressure sensor transmits pressure signals sensed by the blade to the control mechanism in real time, and when the blade is in contact with the lower surface of the glass, the control mechanism enables the blade to stop rotating through the pitching angle adjusting mechanism, so that the blade of the scraper is positioned on the lower surface of the glass.
S5, the transmission mechanism drives the solar cell module to continuously move forwards, and the adhesive film adhered on the glass and the lower layer assembly adhered together with the adhesive film are scraped off together by the blade of the scraper.
The control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell assembly to continue to move forwards, and the laser scanning mechanism continues to perform radiation scanning on the advancing solar cell assembly until the whole assembly is scanned; the doctor blade scrapes off the adhesive film adhered to the glass and the lower layer assembly bonded together with the adhesive film along with the movement of the solar cell module.
Along with the movement of the solar cell module, the lower layer module which is scraped off by the blade of the scraper and is adhered with the adhesive film is clamped by the clamping mechanism and moves in the direction opposite to the movement of the solar cell module under the driving of the clamping mechanism so as to provide an additional tearing force for the lower layer module which is adhered with the adhesive film.
In addition, the scraper blade is used for scraping and simultaneously conveying hot air to the interface between the glass peeled by the scraper blade and the adhesive film through an air blowing mechanism arranged on one side of the blade, and the temperature of the hot air is adjustable between 200 ℃ and 500 ℃. Preferably, the hot air temperature is set at 250 ℃.
S6, after the solar cell module moves to the rear end of the solar cell module and the adhesive film is scraped, the solar cell module is driven by the transmission mechanism to reversely move, the blade of the scraper is rotated 180 degrees or the blade of the other end of the scraper with the double-blade reverse structure is used for scraping the residual part of the front end of the solar cell module, which is not scraped.
After the solar cell module moves to the rear end of the solar cell module and the lower layer assembly are scraped, the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to reversely move, the scraper blade rotates 180 degrees or the other end blade of the double-blade reverse structure scraper is used, the contact between the scraper blade and the lower surface of glass is ensured, and along with the reverse movement of the solar cell module, the scraper blade scrapes the residual adhesive film which is not scraped at the front end of the solar cell module and the lower layer assembly bonded with the adhesive film together, so that the complete separation of the whole glass is finally realized.
In the step, when the adhesive film at the front end of the component is scraped, the blowing mechanism can be used for conveying hot air, the scraped lower layer component and the adhered adhesive film are clamped by the clamping mechanism, and the like, and the related similarities can be referred to each other.
The separated complete glass is absorbed by a vacuum chuck and is transferred to a set storage rack.
Claims (10)
1. A method of separating solar module glass comprising the steps of:
a. preheating the scraper blade, and controlling the temperature of the scraper blade to be between 180 and 350 ℃; 2-5 pressure sensors are uniformly distributed on the blade;
b. the solar cell module is arranged on the transmission mechanism and comprises upper glass and a lower module connected with the upper glass through an adhesive film;
c. the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to move forwards for a preset distance and then stop, and the scraper is positioned below the solar cell module;
d. under the control of the control mechanism, the pitching angle of the pitching angle adjusting mechanism is adjusted within 0-10 degrees to enable the blade to rotate upwards, and the lower layer assembly and the adhesive film are sequentially cut through until the lower layer assembly and the adhesive film are contacted with the lower surface of glass in the process of upward rotation of the blade; the pressure sensor transmits pressure signals sensed by the blade to the control mechanism in real time, and when the blade is in contact with the lower surface of the glass, the control mechanism stops rotating the blade through the pitching angle adjusting mechanism;
e. the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to continuously move forwards, and the adhesive film adhered on the glass and the lower layer assembly adhered together with the adhesive film are scraped off by the blade of the scraper along with the movement of the solar cell module;
f. after the solar cell module moves to the rear end of the solar cell module and the lower layer assembly are scraped, the control mechanism controls the transmission mechanism to drive the solar cell module to reversely move, the scraper blade rotates 180 degrees or the other end blade of the double-blade reverse structure scraper is used, the contact between the scraper blade and the lower surface of glass is ensured, and along with the reverse movement of the solar cell module, the scraper blade scrapes the residual adhesive film which is not scraped at the front end of the solar cell module and the lower layer assembly bonded with the adhesive film together, so that the complete separation of the whole glass is finally realized.
2. The method of separating glass from a solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the solar cell module is heated by laser radiation scanning by a laser scanning mechanism disposed above the solar cell module before the adhesive film is scraped by a doctor blade, and the laser scanning mechanism emits laser light having a wavelength in the range of 0.6 μm to 12 μm and a power of 5W to 200W.
3. The method of separating a solar cell module glass according to claim 2, wherein the laser scanning mechanism emits laser light having a wavelength of 1.064 μm and a power of 50W to irradiate the solar cell module.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step a, the preheating of the doctor blade edge is performed by means of heat conducting oil, resistance wire or radio frequency heating.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the steps e and f, the lower module with the adhesive film scraped by the blade of the scraper is clamped by the clamping mechanism and is driven by the clamping mechanism to move in a direction opposite to the movement of the solar module.
6. The method of separating glass for a solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein in the steps e and f, when the doctor blade is operated, hot air is supplied to an interface between the glass peeled off by the doctor blade and the adhesive film by a blower mechanism provided on one side of the blade, and the temperature of the hot air is adjustable from 200 ℃ to 500 ℃.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the solar cell module is a crystalline silicon solar cell module.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step f, the separated whole glass is sucked by a vacuum chuck and transferred to a set rack.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the solar cell module is assisted by the boosting mechanism during the movement of the solar cell module by the driving mechanism.
10. The method of separating solar module glass according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the thickness of the doctor blade is less than 1mm, the chamfer angle of the doctor blade is 30 ° -70 °, and the length of the doctor blade is 10cm-30cm longer than the length of the solar module end face.
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| CN112133791A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-25 | 云南师范大学 | Method for recycling photovoltaic module |
| CN115318796B (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2024-02-20 | 重庆远达烟气治理特许经营有限公司科技分公司 | Separation method of photovoltaic module after irradiation treatment |
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