CN111523451A - Method for constructing high-space-time resolution NDVI data - Google Patents

Method for constructing high-space-time resolution NDVI data Download PDF

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CN111523451A
CN111523451A CN202010321530.1A CN202010321530A CN111523451A CN 111523451 A CN111523451 A CN 111523451A CN 202010321530 A CN202010321530 A CN 202010321530A CN 111523451 A CN111523451 A CN 111523451A
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罗小波
韩智中
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Abstract

The invention claims a method for constructing high-space-time resolution NDVI data. The method combines a method of mixed pixel decomposition and a method based on a weight function, and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of preprocessing high-resolution NDVI data and low-resolution NDVI data at a reference moment and low-resolution NDVI data at a prediction moment, obtaining a ground surface classification map of the high-resolution NDVI data at the reference moment, then constructing a linear equation set based on a mixed pixel decomposition method, taking the least square solution of the linear equation set as an NDVI variation value of ground object categories of the high-resolution data at the prediction moment, adding the variation value to the high-resolution NDVI data at the reference moment, finally obtaining the high-space-time resolution NDVI data at the prediction moment according to the weight value of similar pixels selected in a moving window and the calculation of a correlation coefficient, and completing the reconstruction of a high-space-time resolution NDVI data set. The invention provides an effective method for constructing the high-space-time resolution NDVI data set.

Description

Method for constructing high-space-time resolution NDVI data
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of remote sensing data space-time fusion, particularly belongs to a method for constructing high-space-time resolution NDVI data, and relates to a remote sensing image fusion and classification technology.
Background
At present, the Normalized Differentiated Vegetation Index (NDVI) proposed by Rouse is the most widely used vegetation Index by virtue of its simple inversion algorithm and clear physical meaning.
The normalized vegetation index is widely applied to the research of land cover types, vegetation dynamic change and phenology due to the advantages of wide space coverage and high vegetation monitoring sensitivity. The revisit period of the MODIS sensor satellite data is 1-2 days, the high time resolution can be used for identifying and monitoring the dynamic change of the earth surface vegetation, but the spatial resolution reaches 250-1000 m, and high-precision earth surface information is difficult to depict. The spatial resolution of the Landsat satellite data is 30m, different ground features can be recognized with high precision, the 16-day revisit cycle limits the extraction of information of Landsat data on ground surface coverage change, particularly, in the critical period of crop growth, the 16-day interval can generate great information change, and in addition, data loss caused by factors such as cloud coverage areas is avoided, so that high-quality Landsat remote sensing image data is difficult to obtain. By fusing Landsat and MODIS remote sensing satellite data, a high-resolution data set can be synthesized by combining the advantages of the Landsat and the MODIS remote sensing satellite data, so that the monitoring on the earth surface coverage change and the vegetation growth can be better realized. In order to meet the requirement that the remote sensing data of the remote sensing dynamic monitoring of the earth surface information has high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution at the same time, the remote sensing data space-time fusion technology is a better method for solving the problems.
In recent years, scholars at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research on remote sensing space-time fusion technology. The comparison is typically a spatio-temporal fusion model based on a weighting function and a spatio-temporal fusion model based on a mixed pixel decomposition.
The method is characterized in that the influence of high time resolution is directly calculated from low space resolution in a space-time fusion model based on a weight function, the method comprehensively considers space distance, spectral distance and time distance, and a central pixel is calculated by introducing a moving window and utilizing adjacent spectral similar pixels; on the basis of classifying or dividing the high-resolution images of the known time phase in the space-time fusion model based on the mixed pixel decomposition, a spectrum mixing model between the high-resolution images of the known time phase and the corresponding low-resolution images is established by using a spectrum mixing theory, the spectrum mixing model is further applied to the low-resolution images of the unknown time phase to be predicted, and then the time phase change information of different ground object components on the low-resolution images and the corresponding spectrum mixing model are used for solving the time phase change quantity of the high resolution, so that the high-resolution images of the unknown time phase are predicted.
The method is characterized in that the spectrum unmixing of original data by using a mixed pixel method is not considered in a space-time fusion model based on a weight function, but the data after resampling is directly adopted, so that the prediction result in a heterogeneous region is not ideal, and the influence of surrounding pixels on a central pixel is not considered in the traditional mixed pixel decomposition method.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the above problems of the prior art. A method for constructing high spatial and temporal resolution NDVI data is provided. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of constructing high spatial and temporal resolution NDVI data, comprising the steps of:
step S1, selecting a high-spatial-resolution image (the spatial resolution of Landsat data is 30 meters) and a high-temporal-resolution image (the temporal resolution of MODIS data is 1 day) at a reference moment and a low-spatial-resolution image at a prediction moment, and respectively calculating Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data corresponding to all the input data;
step S2, classifying the high-resolution images at the reference time by using an unsupervised classification method and obtaining a class abundance map;
step S3, based on a mixed pixel decomposition method, performing pixel decomposition by using the class abundance map obtained in the step S2 and the low-resolution NDVI data of the reference time, and constructing a linear equation set solution and a least square solution to obtain an NDVI change value from the reference time to a prediction time;
step S4, searching the high-resolution NDVI data similar pixels at the reference moment by using a moving window technology, and calculating the conversion coefficient Vi and the weight function Wi of the similar pixels;
and step S5, calculating the central pixel value of the prediction time by using the NDVI change value obtained in the step S3 and combining the conversion coefficient Vi and the weight function Wi obtained at the time of the step S4, and obtaining the high-spatial-resolution NDVI data of the prediction time.
Further, the step S1 of calculating the normalized difference vegetation index NDVI data specifically includes:
NDVI=(NIR-R)/(NIR+R) (1)
in the formula: NIR is the surface reflectance value in the near infrared band and R is the surface reflectance value in the infrared band. Wherein the NDVI value ranges between-1 and 1.
Further, in step S2, classifying the high-resolution image at the reference time by using an unsupervised classification method and obtaining a class abundance map specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps of classifying high-resolution NDVI remote sensing images at a reference moment by using a traditional unsupervised classification method ISO-DATA, extracting abundance maps of various categories in a grid with the same size as pixels of the low-resolution NDVI remote sensing images on classification maps by using a remote sensing DATA processing software ArcGIS platform, and specifically realizing the following formula:
fl(xi,yi)=Nl(xi,yi)/m (2)
wherein f isl(xi,yi) Representing low resolution picture elements (x)i,yi) Area ratio of middle class L, NL(xi,yi) High resolution pels in low resolution pels (x) representing class Li,yi) M represents the number of high-resolution pixels in one low-resolution pixel.
Further, the step S3 is based on a mixed pixel decomposition method, and performs pixel decomposition by using the class abundance map obtained in step S2 and the low-resolution NDVI data at the reference time, and constructs a linear equation set solution to calculate a least square solution to obtain an NDVI variation value from the reference time to the predicted time, which specifically includes:
based on a mixed pixel decomposition method, pixel decomposition is carried out by using the obtained class abundance diagram and low-resolution NDVI data at a reference moment to construct a linear equation set, and the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002461617700000041
Δ C in formula (2)NDVI(xi,yi) Low resolution picture element (x) representing the reference time to the predicted timei,yi) NDVI Change amount of (a), (b), (c)l(xi,yi) Indicating the L-th ground type in a low resolution pixel (x)i,yi) The abundance value of (1) is obtained by solving the least square solution to obtain delta FNDVI(l) And representing the amount of NDVI change of the lth terrain type in the high resolution pel from the reference time to the predicted time.
Further, in the step S4, searching for the high resolution NDVI data similar pixel at the reference time by using a moving window technique, and calculating a conversion coefficient Vi and a weight function Wi of the similar pixel;
Figure BDA0002461617700000042
in the formula, Hi t2、Li t2And Hi t1、Li t1Respectively represent the ith high-resolution and low-resolution pixel values corresponding to the reference time t1 and t 2.
Figure BDA0002461617700000043
In the formula, RiAnd DiRespectively representing the spectral difference and relative distance between the similar and central pixels.
Further, in step 5, the central pixel value at the prediction time is calculated by using the NDVI variation value obtained in step S3 and combining the conversion coefficient Vi and the weight function Wi obtained at the time of step S4, so as to obtain the high spatial resolution NDVI data at the prediction time, which specifically includes:
and (4) calculating the NDVI value of the central pixel by using a formula (6) to generate a final prediction image.
Figure BDA0002461617700000044
In the formula, Xw/2、Yw/2Representing the position of the center pixel; t is tp、t0Respectively representing a predicted time and a reference time; n represents the number of similar pixels in the moving window; i represents the ith similar pixel in the moving window; Δ FNDVIRepresenting the amount of NDVI change of the picture element from the reference time to the prediction time.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the main innovation point of the method is that by combining a method based on mixed pixel decomposition and a method based on a weight function, the pixel change value of each specific ground object type is obtained by using the mixed pixel method to serve as a fusion basis, and the traditional spatio-temporal model based on the weight function directly uses the resampled data as the fusion basis. The method can solve the problem of mixed pixels in the original space-time model based on the weight function to a certain extent, thereby effectively improving the prediction performance of the space-time fusion model in heterogeneous regions and providing an effective method for constructing the high space-time resolution NDVI data set.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of constructing high spatial-temporal resolution NDVI data according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for constructing high-space-time resolution NDVI data, the specific implementation flow of the method is shown in figure 1, and the method mainly comprises the following steps:
the invention provides a method for constructing high-space-time resolution NDVI data, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, selecting the high-low resolution image at the reference time and the low-time resolution image at the predicted time, and calculating and acquiring corresponding NDVI data respectively.
And step S2, classifying the high-resolution images at the reference time by using unsupervised classification and obtaining a class abundance map of the high-resolution images.
And S3, based on a mixed pixel decomposition method, performing pixel decomposition by using the class abundance map obtained in the step S2 and the low-resolution NDVI data of the reference time, and constructing a linear equation set solution and a least square solution to obtain the NDVI change value from the reference time to the prediction time.
Step S4, searching the high-resolution NDVI data similar pixels at the reference time by using the moving window technology, and calculating the conversion coefficient Vi and the weight function Wi of the similar pixels
And step S5, calculating the central pixel value of the prediction time by using the NDVI change obtained in the step S3 and combining the conversion coefficient and the weight function obtained at the time of the step S4, and obtaining the high-spatial-resolution NDVI data of the prediction time.
The step S1 acquires the reference time image and the predicted time image, and calculates the NDVI data thereof by preprocessing.
Preferably, in step S2, the traditional unsupervised classification method ISO-DATA is used to classify the high-resolution NDVI remote sensing image at the reference time, and the ArcGIS is used to extract an abundance map of each category in the grid with the same pixel size as that of the low-resolution NDVI remote sensing image on the classification map, and the specific implementation formula is as follows:
fl(xi,yi)=Nl(xi,yi)/m (1)
wherein f isl(xi, yi) represents the area ratio of class L in the low resolution pixel (xi, yi), Nl(xi, yi) high resolution pel in class LThe number of pixels in the low-resolution pixels (xi, yi) is m, and m represents the number of high-resolution pixels in one low-resolution pixel.
Preferably, in step S3, based on the mixed pixel decomposition method, pixel decomposition is performed using the class abundance map obtained in step S2 and the low-resolution NDVI data at the reference time to construct a linear equation set, where the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002461617700000061
the formula (1) represents the NDVI variation of the low-resolution pixels (xi, yi) from the reference time to the prediction time, represents the abundance of the L-th ground object type in the low-resolution pixels (xi, yi), and solves the least square solution to obtain delta FNDVI(l) And the NDVI variation of the L th ground object type of the high-resolution image element from the reference time to the prediction time is represented.
Preferably, in step S4, the linear regression model is used to calculate the transformation coefficient Vi of the similar pixel, and the relative distance between the similar pixel and the central pixel is used to obtain the weight function Wi.
Preferably, in the step 5, the NDVI value of the central pixel is calculated by using formula (2), so as to generate a final predicted image.
Figure BDA0002461617700000071
The method combines a mixed pixel decomposition method and a weight function method, not only considers the conversion coefficient and the weight function between similar pixels by using a weight function-based space-time fusion model, but also obtains the NDVI variation value of a specific earth surface type by performing spectral unmixing on a low-resolution pixel by using the mixed pixel decomposition method as a further fusion basis, rather than adopting direct resampling data, and provides an effective method for constructing a high-space-time resolution NDVI data set.
The above examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure. After reading the description of the invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A method of constructing high spatial and temporal resolution NDVI data, comprising the steps of:
step S1, selecting a high-spatial-resolution image (the spatial resolution of Landsat data is 30 meters) and a high-temporal-resolution image (the temporal resolution of MODIS data is 1 day) at a reference moment and a low-spatial-resolution image at a prediction moment, and respectively calculating Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data corresponding to all the input data;
step S2, classifying the high-resolution images at the reference time by using an unsupervised classification method and obtaining a class abundance map;
step S3, based on a mixed pixel decomposition method, performing pixel decomposition by using the class abundance map obtained in the step S2 and the low-resolution NDVI data of the reference time, and constructing a linear equation set solution and a least square solution to obtain an NDVI change value from the reference time to a prediction time;
step S4, searching the high-resolution NDVI data similar pixels at the reference moment by using a moving window technology, and calculating the conversion coefficient Vi and the weight function Wi of the similar pixels;
and step S5, calculating the central pixel value of the prediction time by using the NDVI change value obtained in the step S3 and combining the conversion coefficient Vi and the weight function Wi obtained at the time of the step S4, and obtaining the high-spatial-resolution NDVI data of the prediction time.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 of calculating the normalized difference vegetation index NDVI data specifically comprises:
NDVI=(NIR-R)/(NIR+R) (1)
in the formula: NIR is the surface reflectance value in the near infrared band and R is the surface reflectance value in the infrared band, where NDVI ranges between-1 and 1.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 is performed by classifying the high-resolution image at the reference time by an unsupervised classification method and obtaining a class abundance map, and specifically comprises:
the method comprises the steps of classifying high-resolution NDVI remote sensing images at a reference moment by using a traditional unsupervised classification method ISO-DATA, extracting abundance maps of various categories in a grid with the same size as pixels of the low-resolution NDVI remote sensing images on classification maps by using a remote sensing DATA processing software ArcGIS platform, and specifically realizing the following formula:
fl(xi,yi)=Nl(xi,yi)/m (2)
wherein f isl(xi,yi) Representing low resolution picture elements (x)i,yi) Area ratio of middle class L, NL(xi,yi) High resolution pels in low resolution pels (x) representing class Li,yi) M represents the number of high-resolution pixels in one low-resolution pixel.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step S3 is based on a mixed pixel decomposition method, the pixel decomposition is performed by using the class abundance map obtained in the step S2 and the low-resolution NDVI data at the reference time, and a linear equation set solution least square solution is constructed to obtain the NDVI variation value from the reference time to the prediction time, and specifically comprises:
based on a mixed pixel decomposition method, pixel decomposition is carried out by using the obtained class abundance diagram and low-resolution NDVI data at a reference moment to construct a linear equation set, and the formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002461617690000021
Δ C in formula (2)NDVI(xi,yi) When indicating the referenceLow resolution picture element (x) at moment of predictioni,yi) NDVI Change amount of (a), (b), (c)l(xi,yi) Indicating the L-th ground type in a low resolution pixel (x)i,yi) The abundance value of (1) is obtained by solving the least square solution to obtain delta FNDVI(l) And representing the amount of NDVI change of the lth terrain type in the high resolution pel from the reference time to the predicted time.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step S4, the high-spatial-temporal-resolution NDVI data are searched for similar pixels in the high-spatial-resolution NDVI data at the reference time by using a moving window technique, and the transform coefficients Vi and the weight functions Wi of the similar pixels are calculated, wherein the formulas are respectively as follows:
Figure FDA0002461617690000031
in the formula, Hi t2、Li t2And Hi t1、Li t1Respectively representing the ith high-resolution and low-resolution pixel values corresponding to the reference time t1 and t 2;
Figure FDA0002461617690000032
in the formula, RiAnd DiRespectively representing the spectral difference and relative distance between the similar and central pixels.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step 5, the NDVI variation value obtained in step S3 is used, and the central pixel value at the prediction time is calculated by combining the conversion coefficient Vi and the weight function Wi obtained at step S4, so as to obtain the NDVI data with high spatial resolution at the prediction time, which specifically comprises:
and (3) calculating the NDVI value of the central pixel of the moving window by using a formula (6), and calculating the value of each pixel of the predicted image to generate a final predicted image.
Figure FDA0002461617690000033
In the formula, Xw/2、Yw/2Representing the position of the center pixel; t is tp、t0Respectively representing a predicted time and a reference time; n represents the number of similar pixels in the moving window; i represents the ith similar pixel in the moving window; Δ FNDVIRepresenting the amount of NDVI change of the picture element from the reference time to the prediction time.
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