CN111521309B - Method and system for determining residual stress and residual elimination effect of material - Google Patents

Method and system for determining residual stress and residual elimination effect of material Download PDF

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CN111521309B
CN111521309B CN201910107638.8A CN201910107638A CN111521309B CN 111521309 B CN111521309 B CN 111521309B CN 201910107638 A CN201910107638 A CN 201910107638A CN 111521309 B CN111521309 B CN 111521309B
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residual stress
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time difference
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CN111521309A (en
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郑阳
谭继东
沈功田
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China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor

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Abstract

The invention provides a method and a system for determining residual stress and residual elimination effect of a material, wherein the method comprises the following steps: arranging a plurality of measured points on the surface of a measured component according to a preset interval; exciting ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point through an ultrasonic generator, and acquiring the distribution of the acoustic time difference of critical refraction longitudinal waves formed on the surface of the measured component in the circumferential direction of the measured point; and determining the main direction of the residual stress of the surface of the material according to the distribution of the sound time difference of each critical refraction longitudinal wave, and further determining the residual stress of the tested component. On the one hand, the material can not be damaged, the body of a tester can not be damaged, and on the other hand, the main direction of the residual stress of each tested point can be represented, so that the residual stress of the material can be more accurately measured compared with the current one-way residual stress of one or a few points, and the residual stress eliminating effect of the material can be accurately determined.

Description

Method and system for determining residual stress and residual elimination effect of material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stress detection, in particular to a method and a system for determining residual stress and residual elimination effect of a material.
Background
For materials widely used in engineering, material components are affected and influenced by factors from various processes and the like in the manufacturing process; when these factors disappear, if the above-mentioned action and influence on the material part cannot be completely disappeared and remains partially in the component, the residual action and influence is called residual stress or residual stress. Excessive residual stress can result in severe degradation of local performance of the component, and for critical load bearing components, significant economic loss or failure can result upon failure. At present, the residual stress is measured in the same way as the main stress of the material, for example, a drilled strain gage method or an X-ray diffraction method is used for measuring, an adhesive is used to attach the strain gage to the surface of the material to be tested each time during the strain gage method test, and a small hole is drilled at the part near the strain gage, which is inconvenient and a destructive method. The X-ray diffraction method is based on elastomechanics and lattice diffraction theory, can accurately measure stress, but X-ray radiation is harmful to human bodies, equipment is large in size, and measurement is very inconvenient. At present, a vibration aging method or a heat treatment is often used for eliminating residual stress of a welded part, because the concentrated position of the residual stress is uncertain, the determination of the residual stress elimination effect needs to efficiently detect the part to be detected in a large area, and the existing determination method of the material residual stress has many limitations, so a new determination technology of the material residual stress is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for determining residual stress and residual elimination effect of a material, and at least provides a new and accurate technical method for determining residual elimination effect of the residual stress of the material. The invention provides a determination method and a determination system.A plurality of measured points are arranged on the surface of a measured component according to a preset interval; exciting ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point through an ultrasonic generator, and acquiring the distribution of the acoustic time difference of critical refraction longitudinal waves formed on the surface of a measured component in the circumferential direction of the measured point; and determining the main direction of the residual stress of the surface of the material according to the distribution of the sound time difference of each critical refraction longitudinal wave, and further determining the residual stress of the tested component. On the one hand, the material can not be damaged, the body of a tester can not be damaged, and on the other hand, the main direction of the residual stress of each tested point can be represented, so that the residual stress of the material can be more accurately measured compared with the current one-way residual stress of one or a few points, and the residual stress eliminating effect of the material can be accurately determined.
In some embodiments, a method of determining a residual stress of a material, comprises:
arranging a plurality of measured points on the surface of a measured component according to a preset interval;
exciting ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point through an ultrasonic generator, and acquiring the distribution of the acoustic time difference of critical refraction longitudinal waves formed on the surface of a measured component in the circumferential direction of the measured point;
and determining the residual stress of the tested part according to the distribution of the sound time difference of each critical refraction longitudinal wave.
In some embodiments, the exciting an ultrasonic wave in the circumferential direction of each measured point by an ultrasonic generator to obtain the distribution of the acoustic time difference of the critical refraction longitudinal wave formed on the surface of the measured component in the circumferential direction of the measured point includes:
exciting ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point through an ultrasonic generator;
rotating the ultrasonic generator by taking a measured point as a center, and receiving formed critical refraction longitudinal waves through an ultrasonic receiver which is arranged opposite to the ultrasonic generator and rotates synchronously with the ultrasonic generator;
and determining the distribution of the sound time difference of the critical refracted longitudinal waves corresponding to the measured point according to the time length of the critical refracted longitudinal waves received at each angle in the circumferential direction of the measured point.
In some embodiments, the determining the residual stress of the measured component according to the distribution of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time differences comprises:
determining critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference distribution curves corresponding to the measured points one by one according to the distribution of the critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time differences;
and determining the residual stress of the tested component according to each critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution curve.
In some embodiments, the determining the residual stress of the measured component according to each critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution curve includes:
obtaining the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point and the angle corresponding to the maximum value according to each critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution curve;
and determining the residual stress of the tested part according to the maximum value of the critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each tested point and the angle corresponding to the maximum value.
In some embodiments, the determining the residual stress of the measured component according to the maximum value of the critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point and the angle corresponding to the maximum value comprises:
determining the residual stress distribution of the tested part according to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each tested point;
determining the residual stress direction change trend of the tested component according to each angle corresponding to the maximum value;
and determining the residual stress of the tested component according to the residual stress distribution and the residual stress direction change trend.
In some embodiments, the determining the residual stress distribution of the measured component according to the maximum value of the critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point comprises:
determining a gray value corresponding to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference of each measured point based on the corresponding relation between the preset critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference and the gray value;
and determining the residual stress distribution of the tested part displayed in gray scale according to each gray scale value.
In some embodiments, the determining the trend of the direction of the residual stress of the measured component according to each angle corresponding to the maximum value includes:
determining a direction curve corresponding to each measured point one by one according to the angle of each measured point corresponding to the maximum value based on the corresponding relation between the preset angle and the curvature;
and fitting each direction curve into a network curve set, and determining the direction change trend of the residual stress of the tested part according to the fitted network curve set.
In some embodiments, the disposing a plurality of measured points on the surface of the measured component according to a preset interval includes:
dividing the surface of a tested part to form a grid array;
and setting the center of each grid in the grid array as the measured point.
In some embodiments, a method for determining the residual stress elimination effect of a material comprises:
determining the residual stress of the tested part after elimination of the residual stress by using the determination method of the residual stress;
and determining the residual eliminating effect of the tested part based on the residual stress of the tested part after residual eliminating.
In certain embodiments, a system for determining residual stress of a material, comprises:
the device comprises a measured point setting module, a data acquisition module and a data processing module, wherein a plurality of measured points are arranged on the surface of a measured component according to a preset interval;
the acquisition module is used for exciting ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point through the ultrasonic generator and acquiring the distribution of the acoustic time difference of the critical refraction longitudinal waves formed on the surface of the measured component in the circumferential direction of the measured point;
and the determining module is used for determining the residual stress of the tested component according to the distribution of the sound time difference of each critical refraction longitudinal wave.
In certain embodiments, the obtaining module comprises:
the ultrasonic excitation unit excites ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point through the ultrasonic generator;
the rotation recording unit rotates the ultrasonic generator by taking a measured point as a center, and receives formed critical refraction longitudinal waves through an ultrasonic receiver which is arranged opposite to the ultrasonic generator and rotates synchronously with the ultrasonic generator;
and the critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference distribution determining unit determines the distribution of the critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference corresponding to the measured point according to the time length of the critical refraction longitudinal wave received at each angle in the circumferential direction of the measured point.
In certain embodiments, the determining module comprises:
the sound time difference distribution curve determining unit is used for determining critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference distribution curves corresponding to the measured points one by one according to the distribution of the critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time differences;
and determining the residual stress of the tested component according to the sound time difference distribution curve of each critical refraction longitudinal wave according to the unit.
In some embodiments, the acoustic time difference profile comprises, per unit:
the maximum value searching unit is used for obtaining the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point and the angle corresponding to the maximum value according to each critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution curve;
and the maximum value determining unit determines the residual stress of the measured component according to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point and the angle corresponding to the maximum value.
In some embodiments, the maximum dependency unit comprises:
the residual stress distribution determining unit is used for determining the residual stress distribution of the measured component according to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point;
the residual stress direction change trend determining unit is used for determining the residual stress direction change trend of the tested part according to each angle corresponding to the maximum value;
and the residual stress determining unit is used for determining the residual stress of the tested component according to the residual stress distribution and the residual stress direction change trend.
In some embodiments, the residual stress distribution determining unit includes:
the gray value corresponding unit is used for determining the gray value corresponding to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point based on the corresponding relation between the preset critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference and the gray value;
and the distribution determining unit is used for determining the residual stress distribution of the tested part displayed in gray scale according to each gray scale value.
In some embodiments, the residual stress direction change tendency determination unit includes:
the curvature corresponding unit is used for determining a direction curve corresponding to each measured point one by one according to the angle of each measured point corresponding to the maximum value based on the corresponding relation between the preset angle and the curvature;
and the direction change trend determining unit is used for fitting each direction curve into a network curve set and determining the direction change trend of the residual stress of the tested part according to the fitted network curve set.
In some embodiments, the measured point setting module includes:
a grid array setting unit which divides the surface of the measured component into grid arrays;
and the measured point setting unit is used for setting the center of each grid in the grid array as the measured point.
In some embodiments, a system for determining the residual effect of residual stress in a material, comprises:
the residual stress after elimination determining module is used for determining the residual stress of the tested part after elimination by using the residual stress determining method;
and the residue elimination effect determination module is used for determining the residue elimination effect of the tested part based on the residual stress of the tested part after residue elimination.
In some embodiments, an electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the following steps when executing the program:
determining the residual stress of the tested component according to the distribution of the sound time difference of each critical refraction longitudinal wave;
and determining the residual eliminating effect of the tested part based on the residual stress of the tested part after residual eliminating.
In certain embodiments, a computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of:
determining the residual stress of the tested component according to the distribution of the sound time difference of each critical refraction longitudinal wave;
and determining the residue elimination effect of the tested part based on the residual stress of the tested part after residue elimination.
The invention has the advantages of
According to the method and the system for determining the residual stress and the residual elimination effect of the material, provided by the invention, the plurality of measured points are arranged on the surface of the measured component, the ultrasonic waves are excited to each measured point one by one, and then the distribution of the sound time difference of the critical refraction longitudinal waves formed on the surface of the measured component in the circumferential direction of the measured points is obtained to determine the residual stress of the measured component, so that on one hand, the material cannot be damaged, and the body of a tester cannot be damaged, on the other hand, the residual stress condition of each measured point can be represented.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows one of the structural diagrams of a residual stress measuring device suitable for implementing the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a second schematic structural diagram of a residual stress measuring device suitable for implementing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the critical-refraction longitudinal acoustic moveout-angle distribution curve in the unstressed state in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 shows the acoustic time difference-angle distribution curve of critically refracted longitudinal waves with residual stress in the example of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining residual stress of a material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows a specific flowchart of step S1 in fig. 5 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows a detailed flowchart of step S2 in fig. 5 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows a specific flowchart of step S3 in fig. 5 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 shows a detailed flowchart of step S32 in fig. 8 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 shows a specific flowchart of step S322 in fig. 9 in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 shows a structural diagram of a residual stress distribution mapping model in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific flowchart of step S322a in fig. 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a model of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference and the gray value in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic specific flowchart of step S322b in fig. 10 in this embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 15 shows a schematic diagram of a set of network curves characterizing the angle versus curvature correspondence for a maximum in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a residual stress elimination effect of a material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a second flowchart illustrating a method for determining the residual stress elimination effect of a material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for determining residual stress according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of measured point setting module 100 in FIG. 18 in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific structure of the obtaining module 200 in fig. 18 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific structure of the determining module 300 in fig. 18 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific structure of the acoustic time difference distribution curve according to the unit 302 in fig. 21 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific structure of the maximum value dependency unit 302b in fig. 22 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a specific structure of the residual stress distribution determining unit 302b-1 in fig. 23 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 25 is a schematic flowchart of the specific flow of the residual stress direction variation tendency determination unit 302b-2 in fig. 23 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 26 is a schematic structural diagram showing a system for determining the residual stress elimination effect of a material in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 27 shows a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing embodiments of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for measuring the residual stress is mainly the same as the method for measuring the main stress of the material, but the main stress of the material is large, and the change and distribution trend is obvious, so that the main stress of the material can be accurately measured by the conventional method. However, the residual stress of the material is small, and the change and distribution trend is not obvious, so that the current method for measuring the main stress cannot be completely suitable for measuring the residual stress, particularly the residual stress after residue elimination.
For materials widely used in engineering, the stress borne by the material will cause the change of the ultrasonic sound velocity, so the ultrasonic sound velocity can be used for evaluating the material stress and the residual stress. The problems that the existing measurement mode of the main stress of the material is adopted to measure the residual stress of the material, so that the precision is low, the measurement method is limited, and the residual stress after residue cannot be effectively measured are solved. The application provides a method and a system for determining residual stress of a material, a method and a system for determining residual stress elimination effect of the material, electronic equipment and a computer storage medium for realizing the determination method. Firstly, arranging a plurality of measured points on the surface of a measured component according to a preset interval; then, exciting ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point through an ultrasonic generator, and acquiring the distribution of the acoustic time difference of critical refraction longitudinal waves formed on the surface of the measured component in the circumferential direction of the measured point; and finally determining the residual stress of the tested component according to the distribution of the sound time difference of each critical refraction longitudinal wave. In addition, the method for determining the material residue elimination effect compares the residual stress after isotropic or anisotropic residue elimination with the residual stress in the initial environment of the material, so as to determine the residue elimination effect. On the one hand, the material can not be damaged, the body of a tester can not be injured, on the other hand, the residual stress of the material can be accurately measured, the residual stress after residue can also be accurately measured, and then the residual stress residue eliminating effect of the material can be accurately determined.
In a specific residual stress measurement scene, the residual stress determination method is implemented by using a residual stress measurement device, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the device comprises an ultrasonic generator 1, an ultrasonic receiver 2, an ultrasonic generator 1 and an ultrasonic receiver 2, each of which comprises an ultrasonic transducer 3 and an acoustic wedge 4, the inclination angles of the two acoustic wedges are symmetrically arranged, the inclination angle of the acoustic wedge needs to meet the requirement that the ultrasonic incident angle is the critical angle theta, and further, when an ultrasonic wave is excited in the ultrasonic transmission generator 1 according to the Snell's law, critical refracted longitudinal waves are generated on the near surface of a measured object and received by the ultrasonic receiver 2, so that the distribution of the acoustic time difference of the critical refracted longitudinal waves corresponding to a measured point can be determined by synchronously rotating the ultrasonic generator 1 and the ultrasonic receiver 2, and further according to the time length of the critical refracted longitudinal waves received at each angle in the circumferential direction of the measured point. From the distribution, a critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference-angle distribution curve is determined (fig. 3 to 4 are critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference-angle distribution curves in 2 different states).
It can be understood that when the measured component is not processed industrially, and the measured surface is subjected to several ultrasonic waves with different acoustic time difference distributions of boundary refraction longitudinal waves along different directions of the surface in an unstressed state at a certain point on the measured surface, as shown in fig. 3 by a critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference-angle distribution curve in an unstressed state, the measured surface is subjected to uniform acoustic time difference distribution of boundary refraction longitudinal waves, and when the material is subjected to non-uniform anisotropic deformation during welding, as shown in fig. 4 by an example of a residual stress critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference-angle distribution curve, the ultrasonic acoustic time difference is different.
It can be known that by the above device, the distribution of the acoustic time difference of the critical refraction longitudinal wave of each measured point in the circumferential direction of the measured point can be measured. In the method for determining the residual stress of the material provided by the first aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the method specifically includes:
s1, arranging a plurality of measured points on the surface of a measured component according to a preset interval.
S2, exciting ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point through an ultrasonic generator, and acquiring the distribution of the acoustic time difference of critical refraction longitudinal waves formed on the surface of a measured part in the circumferential direction of the measured point;
and S3, determining the residual stress of the tested component according to the distribution of the sound time difference of each critical refraction longitudinal wave.
In order to ensure the uniform arrangement of the measured points and avoid the problem of large errors caused by non-uniform measured points, the errors are smaller when the number of the measured points is larger, but the number of the measured points is limited in view of the limitation of the measuring device, and the measured points can be uniformly arranged.
In one embodiment, the acoustic time difference is measured by:
if the material zero stress sigma is measured 0 Corresponding ultrasound propagation time t 0 Ultrasonic propagation time t corresponding to the measured stress sigma, then sigma-sigma 0 ＝L(t-t 0 ) Or Δ σ = L Δ t;
Δ t is the variation difference (acoustic time difference) of the ultrasonic propagation time, and Δ t = t-t 0 ；
Δ σ is the residual stress variation, Δ σ = σ - σ 0 ；
And L is a constant and is calibrated according to actual detection.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, step S1 specifically includes:
s11, dividing the surface of the tested part to form a grid array;
and S12, setting the center of each grid in the grid array as the measured point.
In the embodiment, because the surface of the tested part forms the grid array, the center of each grid is the tested point, so that the distance between every two tested points is the same, and the purpose of average arrangement is achieved.
As can be known from the foregoing measuring device, as shown in fig. 7, step S2 specifically includes:
and S21, exciting ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point through an ultrasonic generator.
S22, rotating the ultrasonic generator by taking a measured point as a center, and receiving formed critical refraction longitudinal waves through an ultrasonic receiver which is arranged opposite to the ultrasonic generator and rotates synchronously with the ultrasonic generator;
and S23, determining the distribution of the sound time difference of the critical refracted longitudinal wave corresponding to the measured point according to the time length of the critical refracted longitudinal wave received at each angle in the circumferential direction of the measured point.
In this embodiment, the stress sensor is the aforementioned measuring device, and for each measured point, the distribution of the acoustic time difference of the critical refracted longitudinal wave corresponding to the measured point is determined according to the duration of the critical refracted longitudinal wave received at each angle in the circumferential direction of the measured point by synchronously rotating the ultrasonic generator 1 and the ultrasonic receiver 2. A graph similar to that of fig. 3-4 is obtained correspondingly.
Referring to fig. 8, that is, S3 specifically includes:
s31, determining critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference distribution curves corresponding to the measured points one by one according to the distribution of the critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time differences;
and S32, determining the residual stress of the tested component according to each critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution curve.
After a critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution curve of each measured point is obtained, the maximum value on the curve and the angle corresponding to the maximum value need to be correspondingly found out, and the ultrasonic acoustic time difference corresponds to the stress of the material, namely the stronger the ultrasonic acoustic time difference is, the larger the stress of the material is. And the maximum value corresponds to the maximum stress value of the point in the angle. And then determining the residual stress of the whole tested part according to the maximum stress value and the corresponding angle.
Obviously, as is clear to those skilled in the art, step S32 includes, as shown in fig. 9:
s321, obtaining the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point and the angle corresponding to the maximum value according to each critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution curve.
And S322, determining the residual stress of the tested part according to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each tested point and the angle corresponding to the maximum value.
Further, in a specific implementation, referring to fig. 10, the step S322 specifically includes:
s322a: determining the residual stress distribution of the tested part according to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each tested point;
s322b: determining the residual stress direction change trend of the tested component according to each angle corresponding to the maximum value;
s322c: and determining the residual stress of the tested part according to the residual stress distribution and the residual stress direction change trend.
Two pieces of information are obtained from the maximum value and the corresponding angle, and the residual stress distribution of the measured part can be determined through the maximum value, which is equivalent to neglecting the residual stress in the other directions, and the most significant stress of each measured point is taken as the 'representative' of the point. And determining the residual stress distribution of the tested part according to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each tested point. In addition, the direction change trend of the residual stress of the tested component can be determined according to the corresponding angle, and the residual stress and the direction change trend are combined to determine the residual stress of the complete tested component.
How to obtain the distribution of the residual stress and the direction change tendency of the residual stress will be described in detail below.
In some alternative embodiments, the residual stress distribution may be mapped into a visible or recognizable image, a post-curve model, or the like. For example, referring to fig. 11, it can be known that the residual stress distribution can be mapped to a three-dimensional model represented by a peak value through a certain mapping relationship, in the three-dimensional model, the height represents the magnitude of the residual stress, and the height of each measured point is different, so as to form a "mountain peak" shape with different heights.
As shown in fig. 11, the residual stress was measured in the area of 100mm × 100mm, and it was found that the central area residual stress was the largest.
Or, in order to more specifically and more visually represent the residual stress distribution of the measured component, a variable which is mapped to be independent of the shape can be adopted, so that the residual stress distribution can be directly represented on the measured component, and the residual stress distribution is more visual and clear. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, step S322a specifically includes:
s322a-1, determining the gray value corresponding to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point based on the preset corresponding relation between the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference and the gray value.
And S322a-2, determining the residual stress distribution of the tested part displayed in gray scale according to each gray scale value.
As can be known from fig. 13, the preset correspondence between the critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference and the gray value may be a gray value mapping of colors corresponding to the critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference. In one embodiment, the predetermined relationship between the critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference and the gray scale value is a gray scale graph model as shown in fig. 13, and for the sake of clarity, the gray scale value is generally from 0 to 255 from black to hundred, 255 for white, and 0 for black. The graph is plotted in FIG. 13, with black corresponding to 200MPa and white corresponding to 400 MPa.
As can be seen from fig. 13, the intensity values a-B (linearly increasing) correspond to a black to white change. Therefore, the gray value Ci corresponding to each intensity value can be obtained through the gray level correspondence, and the residual stress distribution can be determined through the gray level change on the tested component.
Further, in some embodiments, in order to better reflect the trend of the direction of the residual stress, the trend may be expressed by using a network curve, and then, referring to fig. 14, step S322b specifically includes:
and S322b-1, determining a direction curve corresponding to each measured point one by one according to the angle of each measured point corresponding to the maximum value based on the corresponding relation between the preset angle and the curvature.
And S322b-2, fitting each direction curve into a network curve set, and determining the direction change trend of the residual stress of the tested part according to the fitted network curve set.
The network curve set is shown in fig. 15, in the graph, the angle of each measured point corresponding to the maximum value is converted into a curve with different curvatures according to the corresponding relation between a preset angle and the curvatures, because the distribution of the stresses has tendency, and the angle difference between adjacent measured points and the maximum value is small, each curve can be fitted and connected to form the network curve set, and the residual stress direction change tendency of the measured part is determined according to the density degree, the curvature distribution and the like of the fitted network curve set.
In some embodiments, the structural body mapped as the gray value may be combined with the network curve set in a characterization model, so that the residual stress distribution expressed by the gray value and the trend expressed by the network curve set may be simultaneously integrated to determine the integrated condition of the residual stress.
Of course, in other embodiments, the color value may be used to replace the above gray value to obtain the color value distribution to express the residual stress distribution, the residual stress distribution expressed by the gray value is expressed by the gray value, the calculation is simple, and the residual stress distribution expressed by the color values of the three primary colors needs three colors to be expressed, which is more complicated, but more comprehensive, and may be set in combination with specific practical situations, which is not limited to this.
Obviously, through the detailed description of the embodiment of the method for determining the residual stress of the material, the method for determining the residual stress of the material determines the residual stress of the tested component by arranging a plurality of tested points on the surface of the tested component and exciting ultrasonic waves to each tested point one by one to further obtain the distribution of the acoustic time difference of the critical refraction longitudinal waves formed on the surface of the tested component in the circumferential direction of the tested points, so that on one hand, the material itself cannot be damaged, and the body of a tester cannot be injured, on the other hand, because the residual stress condition of each tested point can be represented, compared with the current method for measuring one or a few points, the residual stress of the material can be measured more accurately, and practices show that the residual stress after residual elimination can be measured and represented accurately, and the effect is obvious.
The application is based on the determination method of the residual stress, and also provides a determination method of the residual stress elimination effect of the isotropic material. As shown in fig. 16, the method specifically includes:
s41, determining the residual stress of the tested part after elimination of the residual stress by using the residual stress determination method;
and S42, determining the residue eliminating effect of the tested part according to the residual stress of the tested part after residue elimination.
From the characteristics of the isotropic material, it can be known that the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference-angle distribution curve of the tested part under the stress-free condition is as shown in fig. 3. Since the stress generated in the measured member by the external environment such as temperature and pressure is negligibly small as compared with the stress generated by the welding or the like, it can be assumed that the time difference-angle distribution curve of the critical refracted longitudinal wave sound even in the external environment is shown in fig. 3. Therefore, by comparing the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference-angle distribution curve of the tested part after being subjected to residue elimination with the distribution curve of the graph 3, the residual stress condition of each tested point after residue elimination can be known, and the residue elimination effect of the whole tested part can be further known.
For the same reason, the present application also provides a method for determining the residual stress elimination effect of an anisotropic material, which is the same as the above method for determining the residual stress of the present application, but is different from the above method in that when the anisotropic material is not subjected to a process operation such as welding, the stresses affected by the same external environment are different due to the effect of anisotropy, and if the difference is ignored, the error is large, so that the comparison verification needs to be performed.
In this embodiment, a method for determining the residual stress elimination effect of anisotropic material is provided. As shown in fig. 17, the method specifically includes:
and S51, determining the residual stress of the tested part before and after residue elimination by using the residual stress determination method.
S52, determining the residue eliminating effect of the tested part by comparing the residual stress before and after residue elimination of the tested part.
That is, in this embodiment, the above method needs to be adopted to determine the residual stress conditions before and after the elimination, and then the elimination effect is determined by comparing the residual stresses before and after the elimination of the tested component.
According to the embodiment of the isotropic and anisotropic materials, the isotropic and anisotropic tested parts can be accurately detected in the residue eliminating effect, and the problem and the obstacle of the current technology for detecting the residue eliminating effect lack are solved.
Further, based on the same technical concept as described above, the present application also provides a residual stress determination system, which may specifically consist of a measured point setting module 100, an obtaining module 200 and a determining module 300, as shown in fig. 18.
In a specific embodiment, the measured point setting module 100 is a device having a marking function, such as a marking pen, and can mark and divide a measured component, so as to mark a measured point and a grid array. The measured point setting module 100 sets a plurality of measured points on the surface of the measured component according to a preset interval.
Preferably, in order to ensure the uniform arrangement of the measured points and avoid the problem of large errors caused by the non-uniformity of the measured points, the larger the number of the measured points, the smaller the errors, but in view of the limitation of the measuring device, the limited number of the measured points can be arranged uniformly. As shown in fig. 19, the measured point setting module 100 includes:
a grid array setting unit 101 for dividing the surface of the component to be measured into grid arrays;
and a measured point setting unit 102 for setting the center of each grid in the grid array as the measured point.
In the embodiment, because the surface of the tested part forms the grid array, the center of each grid is the tested point, so that the distance between every two tested points is the same, and the purpose of average arrangement is achieved.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 20, the acquisition module 200 includes an ultrasonic excitation unit 201 and a rotational recording unit 202 and a critical refracted longitudinal acoustic time difference distribution determination unit 203. The ultrasonic excitation unit is the above-mentioned measuring device, the rotation recording unit can be any recording device with recording function, that is, the obtaining module 200 is a combination of the above-mentioned measuring device and the recording device, the recording device can be an electronic device such as a computer, for example, the above-mentioned measuring device sends data to the computer in real time through the wireless communication module when rotating, and the computer performs corresponding recording and statistics on the received data. The wireless communication module can be a device with a wireless communication function, such as a Bluetooth module, a wireless network card and the like. The critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution determining unit 203 determines the distribution of the critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time differences corresponding to the measured point according to the time length of the critical refracted longitudinal wave received at each angle in the circumferential direction of the measured point.
The acquisition module 200 excites ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point through an ultrasonic generator, and acquires the distribution of the acoustic time difference of the critical refraction longitudinal waves formed on the surface of the measured component in the circumferential direction of the measured point.
In another embodiment, the recording device may be a conventional digital recording device, such as a digital recorder, etc., and the invention is not limited to a computer to implement the above-mentioned recording function.
The determining module 300 may be an electronic device such as a computer, which has a certain calculating or processing capability, and is further capable of determining the residual stress of the measured component according to the distribution of the sound time difference of the critical refraction longitudinal waves.
In one embodiment, the acoustic time difference is measured by:
if the material zero stress sigma is measured 0 Corresponding ultrasound propagation time t 0 Ultrasonic propagation time t corresponding to the measured stress sigma, then sigma-sigma 0 ＝L(t-t 0 ) Or Δ σ = L Δ t;
Δ t is the variation difference of the ultrasonic propagation time (acoustic time difference), Δ t = t-t 0 ；
Δ σ is the residual stress variation, Δ σ = σ - σ 0 ；
And L is a constant and is calibrated according to actual detection.
As shown in fig. 21, the determining module 300 in this embodiment comprises an acoustic time difference profile determining unit 301 and an acoustic time difference profile basing unit 302. The acoustic time difference distribution curve determining unit 301 determines critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution curves corresponding to the measured points one by one according to the distribution of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time differences; the acoustic moveout profiles determine the residual stress of the component under test from each of the critically refracted longitudinal wave acoustic moveout profiles according to element 302.
After a critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution curve of each measured point is obtained, the maximum value on the curve and the angle corresponding to the maximum value need to be correspondingly found out, and the ultrasonic acoustic time difference corresponds to the stress of the material, namely the stronger the ultrasonic acoustic time difference is, the larger the stress of the material is. And the maximum value corresponds to the maximum stress value of the point in the angle. And then determining the residual stress of the whole tested part according to the maximum stress value and the corresponding angle. Thus, as shown in fig. 22, the acoustic time difference distribution curve includes, according to element 302:
the maximum value searching unit 302a obtains the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point and the angle corresponding to the maximum value according to each critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution curve.
The maximum value determining unit 302b determines the residual stress of the measured component according to the maximum value of the critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point and the angle corresponding to the maximum value.
Further, in practical implementation, as shown in fig. 23, the maximum value according to the unit 302b includes:
the residual stress distribution determining unit 302b-1 is used for determining the residual stress distribution of the tested part according to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each tested point;
the residual stress direction change trend determining unit 302b-2 is used for determining the residual stress direction change trend of the tested part according to each angle corresponding to the maximum value;
and the residual stress determining unit 302b-3 is used for determining the residual stress of the tested part according to the residual stress distribution and the residual stress direction change trend.
Two pieces of information are obtained from the maximum value and the corresponding angle, and the residual stress distribution of the measured part can be determined through the maximum value, which is equivalent to neglecting the residual stress in the other directions, and the most significant stress of each measured point is taken as the 'representative' of the point. And determining the residual stress distribution of the measured component according to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point. In addition, the direction change trend of the residual stress of the tested component can be determined according to the corresponding angle, and the residual stress and the direction change trend are combined to determine the residual stress of the complete tested component.
Based on the above-described embodiments of the residual stress determination method, in some alternative embodiments, the residual stress distribution may be mapped to a visible or recognizable image, a post-curve model, or the like. For example, referring to fig. 11, it can be known that the residual stress distribution can be mapped to a three-dimensional model represented by a peak value through a certain mapping relationship, in the three-dimensional model, the height represents the magnitude of the residual stress, and the height of each measured point is different, so that the measured points form a "mountain peak" shape with different heights.
Or, in order to more specifically and more vividly show the residual stress distribution of the measured component, a variable which is mapped to be independent of the shape can be adopted, so that the residual stress distribution can be directly embodied on the measured component, and the residual stress distribution is more vividly and clearly shown. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 24, the residual stress distribution determining unit 302b-1 includes:
the gray value corresponding unit 302b-1-a determines a gray value corresponding to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point based on the corresponding relationship between the preset critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference and the gray value;
and the distribution determining unit 302b-1-b determines the residual stress distribution of the tested part displayed in gray scale according to each gray scale value.
As can be known from fig. 13, the preset correspondence between the critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference and the gray value may be a gray value mapping of colors corresponding to the critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference. In one embodiment, the predetermined relationship between the critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference and the gray scale value is a gray scale graph model as shown in fig. 13, and for the sake of clarity, the gray scale value is generally from 0 to 255 from black to hundred, 255 for white, and 0 for black. The graph is plotted in FIG. 13, with black corresponding to 200MPa and white corresponding to 400 MPa.
As can be seen from fig. 13, the intensity values a-B (linearly increasing) correspond to a black to white change. Therefore, the gray value Ci corresponding to each intensity value can be obtained through the gray level correspondence, and the residual stress distribution can be determined through the gray level change on the tested component.
Further, in some embodiments, in order to better reflect the trend of the change of the residual stress direction, the trend may be expressed by using a network curve, as shown in fig. 25, and the residual stress direction change trend determining unit 302b-2 includes:
the curvature corresponding unit 302b-2-a determines a direction curve corresponding to each measured point one by one according to the angle of each measured point corresponding to the maximum value based on the corresponding relation between the preset angle and the curvature;
and the direction change trend determining unit 302b-2-b is used for fitting each direction curve into a network curve set and determining the direction change trend of the residual stress of the tested part according to the fitted network curve set.
The network curve set is shown in fig. 15, in the graph, the angle of each measured point corresponding to the maximum value is converted into a curve with different curvatures according to the corresponding relation between a preset angle and the curvatures, because the distribution of the stresses has tendency, and the angle difference between adjacent measured points and the maximum value is small, each curve can be fitted and connected to form the network curve set, and the residual stress direction change tendency of the measured part is determined according to the density degree, the curvature distribution and the like of the fitted network curve set.
In some embodiments, the structural body mapped as the gray value may be combined with the network curve set in a characterization model, so that the residual stress distribution expressed by the gray value and the trend expressed by the network curve set may be simultaneously integrated to determine the integrated condition of the residual stress.
Of course, in other embodiments, the color value may be used to replace the above gray value to obtain the color value distribution to express the residual stress distribution, the residual stress distribution expressed by the gray value is expressed by the gray value, the calculation is simple, and the residual stress distribution expressed by the color values of the three primary colors needs three colors to be expressed, which is more complicated, but more comprehensive, and may be set in combination with specific practical situations, which is not limited to this.
Based on the description of the method, it can be known that the residual stress determining system provided by the application determines the residual stress of the measured component by arranging a plurality of measured points on the surface of the measured component and exciting ultrasonic waves to each measured point one by one to further obtain the distribution of the acoustic time difference of the critical refraction longitudinal waves formed on the surface of the measured component in the circumferential direction of the measured points, so that on one hand, the material cannot be damaged, and the body of a tester cannot be injured, on the other hand, the residual stress condition of each measured point can be represented.
Further, the present invention further provides a system 400 for determining the residual effect of isotropic material residual stress, as shown in fig. 26, similar to the method for determining the residual effect of isotropic material residual stress, including:
a residual stress after elimination determining module 401, which determines the residual stress of the tested component after elimination by using the above-mentioned residual stress determining method;
and a residual elimination effect determining module 402 for determining the residual elimination effect of the tested component according to the residual stress of the tested component after residual elimination.
From the characteristics of the isotropic material, it can be known that the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference-angle distribution curve of the tested part under the stress-free condition is as shown in fig. 3. Since the stress generated in the measured member by the external environment such as temperature and pressure is negligibly small as compared with the stress generated by the welding or the like, the time difference-angle distribution curve of the critical refracted longitudinal wave sound even in the external environment can be assumed as fig. 3. Therefore, by comparing the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference-angle distribution curve of the tested part after being subjected to residue elimination with the distribution curve of the graph 3, the residual stress condition of each tested point after residue elimination can be known, and the residue elimination effect of the whole tested part can be further known.
For the same reason, the present invention further provides a system for determining the residual stress elimination effect of an anisotropic material, which is the same as the above-mentioned residual stress determination method of the present application, but is different from the above-mentioned residual stress determination method in that when the anisotropic material is not subjected to a process operation such as welding, the stresses generated by the same external environment are different due to the effect of anisotropy, and if the errors are neglected, the errors are large, so that comparison verification is required. Also as can be seen in conjunction with FIG. 26, the system 400 includes:
a residual stress determination module 401 for determining the residual stress of the tested component before and after the elimination by using the above-mentioned determination method of the residual stress;
the residue elimination effect determination module 402 determines the residue elimination effect of the tested component by comparing the residual stress before and after the residue elimination of the tested component.
That is, in this embodiment, the above method needs to be adopted to determine the residual stress conditions before and after the elimination, and then the elimination effect is determined by comparing the residual stresses before and after the elimination of the tested component.
According to the embodiment of the isotropic and anisotropic materials, the accurate residue elimination effect can be detected on the isotropic and anisotropic tested parts, and the problem and the obstacle of the existing technology for detecting the residue elimination effect lack are solved.
An embodiment of the present application further provides a specific implementation of an electronic device, and referring to fig. 27, the electronic device specifically includes the following contents:
a processor (processor) 601, a memory (memory) 602, a communication Interface (Communications Interface) 603, and a bus 604;
the processor 601, the memory 602 and the communication interface 603 complete mutual communication through the bus 604; the communication interface 603 is used for information transmission of the measuring device, the recording device, the determining module and the like;
the processor 601 is configured to call a computer program in the memory 602, and when the processor executes the computer program, at least one of the following steps is implemented:
determining the residual stress of the tested component according to the distribution of the sound time difference of each critical refraction longitudinal wave;
and determining the residue elimination effect of the tested part based on the residual stress of the tested part after residue elimination.
Embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium capable of implementing at least part of the steps in the residual stress determination method and the residual elimination effect determination method in the above embodiments, where the computer-readable storage medium stores thereon a computer program, and when being executed by a processor, the computer program implements at least one of the following steps:
determining the residual stress of the tested component according to the distribution of the sound time difference of each critical refraction longitudinal wave;
and determining the residue elimination effect of the tested part based on the residual stress of the tested part after residue elimination.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the hardware + program class embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment. Although embodiments of the present description provide method steps as described in embodiments or flowcharts, more or fewer steps may be included based on conventional or non-inventive means. The order of steps recited in the embodiments is merely one manner of performing the steps in a multitude of orders and does not represent the only order of execution. When implemented in an actual device or end product, can be executed sequentially or in parallel according to the methods shown in the embodiments or figures (e.g., parallel processor or multi-thread processing environments, even distributed data processing environments). The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the presence of additional identical or equivalent elements in processes, methods, articles, or apparatus that include the recited elements is not excluded. For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various modules by functions, and are described separately. Of course, when implementing the embodiments of the present specification, the functions of each module may be implemented in one or more pieces of software and/or hardware, or a module that implements the same function may be implemented by a combination of multiple sub-modules or sub-units, or the like. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form. The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present description may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments of the present description may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present description may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and so forth) having computer-usable program code embodied therein. All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, as for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment for relevant points. In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the specification. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction. The above description is only an example of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure. Various modifications and alterations to the embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the embodiments of the present specification should be included in the scope of the claims of the embodiments of the present specification.

Claims (8)

1. A method for determining residual stress in a material, comprising:
arranging a plurality of measured points on the surface of a measured component according to a preset interval;
exciting ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point through an ultrasonic generator, and acquiring the distribution of the acoustic time difference of critical refraction longitudinal waves formed on the surface of the measured component in the circumferential direction of the measured point;
determining the residual stress of the tested component according to the distribution of the sound time difference of each critical refraction longitudinal wave;
the method for acquiring the distribution of the acoustic time difference of the critical refraction longitudinal wave formed on the surface of the measured component in the circumferential direction of the measured point by exciting the ultrasonic wave in the circumferential direction of each measured point by the ultrasonic generator comprises the following steps:
exciting ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point by an ultrasonic generator;
rotating the ultrasonic generator by taking a measured point as a center, and receiving formed critical refraction longitudinal waves through an ultrasonic receiver which is arranged opposite to the ultrasonic generator and rotates synchronously with the ultrasonic generator;
determining the distribution of the sound time difference of the critical refracted longitudinal waves corresponding to the measured point according to the time length of the critical refracted longitudinal waves received at each angle in the circumferential direction of the measured point;
determining the residual stress of the tested component according to the distribution of the sound time difference of each critical refraction longitudinal wave, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
determining critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference distribution curves corresponding to the measured points one by one according to the distribution of the critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time differences;
obtaining the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point and the angle corresponding to the maximum value according to each critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution curve;
determining the residual stress distribution of the tested component according to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each tested point;
determining the direction change trend of the residual stress of the tested part according to each angle corresponding to the maximum value;
and determining the residual stress of the tested part according to the residual stress distribution and the residual stress direction change trend.
2. The determination method according to claim 1, wherein determining the residual stress distribution of the measured component according to the maximum value of the critical refracted longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point comprises:
determining a gray value corresponding to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference of each measured point based on the corresponding relation between the preset critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference and the gray value;
and determining the residual stress distribution of the tested part displayed in gray scale according to each gray scale value.
3. The method for determining according to claim 1, wherein determining the direction change trend of the residual stress of the measured component according to each angle corresponding to the maximum value comprises:
determining a direction curve corresponding to each measured point one by one according to the angle of each measured point corresponding to the maximum value based on the corresponding relation between the preset angle and the curvature;
and fitting each direction curve into a network curve set, and determining the direction change trend of the residual stress of the tested part according to the fitted network curve set.
4. The determination method according to claim 1, wherein the arranging of the plurality of measured points on the surface of the measured component at the predetermined intervals comprises:
dividing the surface of a tested part to form a grid array;
and setting the center of each grid in the grid array as the measured point.
5. A system for determining residual stress in a material, comprising:
the device comprises a measured point setting module, a data acquisition module and a data processing module, wherein a plurality of measured points are arranged on the surface of a measured component according to a preset interval;
the acquisition module is used for exciting ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point through the ultrasonic generator and acquiring the distribution of the acoustic time difference of the critical refraction longitudinal waves formed on the surface of the measured component in the circumferential direction of the measured point;
the determining module is used for determining the residual stress of the tested component according to the distribution of the sound time difference of each critical refraction longitudinal wave;
wherein the acquisition module comprises:
the ultrasonic excitation unit excites ultrasonic waves in the circumferential direction of each measured point through the ultrasonic generator;
the rotation recording unit rotates the ultrasonic generator by taking a measured point as a center, and receives formed critical refraction longitudinal waves through an ultrasonic receiver which is arranged opposite to the ultrasonic generator and rotates synchronously with the ultrasonic generator;
the critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference distribution determining unit is used for determining the distribution of the critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference corresponding to the measured point according to the time length of the critical refraction longitudinal wave received at each angle in the circumferential direction of the measured point;
the determining module comprises:
the acoustic time difference distribution curve determining unit is used for determining critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution curves corresponding to the measured points one by one according to the distribution of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time differences;
the maximum value searching unit is used for obtaining the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each measured point and the angle corresponding to the maximum value according to each critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference distribution curve;
the residual stress distribution determining unit is used for determining the residual stress distribution of the tested part according to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave acoustic time difference of each tested point;
the residual stress direction change trend determining unit is used for determining the residual stress direction change trend of the tested part according to each angle corresponding to the maximum value;
and the residual stress determining unit is used for determining the residual stress of the tested part according to the residual stress distribution and the residual stress direction change trend.
6. The determination system according to claim 5, wherein the residual stress distribution determination unit includes:
the gray value corresponding unit is used for determining a gray value corresponding to the maximum value of the critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference of each measured point based on the preset corresponding relation between the critical refraction longitudinal wave sound time difference and the gray value;
and the distribution determining unit is used for determining the residual stress distribution of the tested part displayed in gray scale according to each gray scale value.
7. The determination system according to claim 5, wherein the residual stress direction change tendency determination unit includes:
the curvature corresponding unit is used for determining a direction curve corresponding to each measured point one by one according to the angle of each measured point corresponding to the maximum value based on the corresponding relation between the preset angle and the curvature;
and the direction change trend determining unit is used for fitting each direction curve into a network curve set and determining the direction change trend of the residual stress of the tested part according to the fitted network curve set.
8. The determination system according to claim 5, wherein the measured point setting module includes:
the grid array setting unit divides the surface of the tested part into grid arrays;
and the measured point setting unit is used for setting the center of each grid in the grid array as the measured point.
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