CN111520197B - Steam turbine zero-output-based combined heat and power generation unit deep peak shaving system and method - Google Patents
Steam turbine zero-output-based combined heat and power generation unit deep peak shaving system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111520197B CN111520197B CN202010274314.6A CN202010274314A CN111520197B CN 111520197 B CN111520197 B CN 111520197B CN 202010274314 A CN202010274314 A CN 202010274314A CN 111520197 B CN111520197 B CN 111520197B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
- F24D11/004—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system with conventional supplementary heat source
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
Abstract
The invention provides a deep peak shaving system of a cogeneration unit based on zero output of a steam turbine. The invention provides a method for deeply peak shaving a cogeneration unit based on zero output of a steam turbine. The basic principle of the invention is that most of steam flows through the bypass of the steam turbine to supply heat or steam, and only a small amount of steam is reserved and is introduced into the steam turbine to cool the blades and the rotor of the high/low pressure cylinder. At the moment, the steam turbine is only maintained at 3000rpm and operates as a phase modulator, the steam turbine generator unit is in a 'motor' working condition, and the generator absorbs a small amount of power from a power grid and operates as a motor. Under the zero-output operation condition of the steam turbine, the peak regulation capacity and the heat supply capacity of the unit are maximized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal power generation, and relates to a steam turbine zero-output-based deep peak shaving system and method for a cogeneration unit.
Background
In recent years, the installed capacity of new energy electric power such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like in China continuously and rapidly increases, and the installed capacity in service and under construction is the first in the world. Wind power, photovoltaic and other new energy sources provide a large amount of clean electric power for people, but the wind power and the photovoltaic power generation are obviously influenced by wind speed and illumination intensity, and impact is caused to the electric energy quality of a power grid after grid connection, so that the phenomena of severe wind abandon and light abandon occur in partial areas.
Under the background, the national energy supply bureau requires that the thermal power generating unit participates in deep peak regulation, and the continuous low-load operation or the deep peak regulation of the coal-electric unit becomes a normal state. For a cogeneration unit, the demands of heating supply of residents and industrial heating supply are borne while power is generated, the peak regulation capacity of power generation is limited by the demand of heating supply, and the running mode of fixing power by heat is adopted for a long time. In recent years, technical research and development departments in the thermal power industry propose transformation schemes of zero output of a low-pressure cylinder, zero output of a medium-low pressure cylinder and the like, thermoelectric decoupling is realized to a certain extent, and the peak regulation capability of a cogeneration unit is improved. However, even though technical transformation and the like are carried out, the peak regulation capacity of part of units can only be reduced to about 30% of rated load, the contradiction that the conventional thermal power and new energy are difficult to balance and the contradiction that the power generation and the heat supply of the units are difficult to balance still exist, and the problems of wind abandonment and light abandonment are still serious in certain regions.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the problem of limited peak regulation capability of the cogeneration unit is solved.
In order to achieve the above object, one technical scheme of the present invention is to provide a deep peak regulation system of a cogeneration unit based on zero output of a steam turbine, comprising a boiler, a high pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, a medium pressure cylinder of the steam turbine and a low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, wherein the boiler comprises a superheater and a reheater, and is characterized in that a steam outlet of the superheater is respectively connected with a high side valve and a main valve, the high side valve is connected with a steam inlet of the reheater through a high side branch, and the main valve is connected with the high pressure cylinder; the steam outlet of the reheater is respectively connected with a low side valve, a medium pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline, a middle linkage door and a high pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline, the low side valve is connected with a pipeline system for realizing external steam supply or heating, the medium pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline is communicated with a medium pressure cylinder regenerative steam extraction port on a medium pressure cylinder, the middle linkage door is connected with the medium pressure cylinder, and the high pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline is communicated with a high pressure cylinder end shaft seal of the high pressure cylinder; the steam of the middle pressure cylinder after being cooled is connected with a pipeline system for realizing external steam supply or heating through a heat supply regulating valve on one hand, and is used for cooling the low pressure cylinder on the other hand; and the steam of the low-pressure cylinder after being cooled is sent to a steam inlet of the superheater through a condenser.
Preferably, a pressure reducer and a temperature reducer are arranged on the high-side branch.
Preferably, the intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline is provided with an intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam control valve and an intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam flow meter; and a high-pressure cylinder cooling steam regulating valve and a high-pressure cylinder cooling steam flowmeter are arranged on the high-pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline.
The invention also provides a steam turbine zero-output-based deep peak shaving method of the cogeneration unit, which is characterized in that the deep peak shaving system of the cogeneration unit comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: when the unit operates under the non-zero output working condition of the steam turbine, the main throttle and the intermediate throttle are kept in an open state, the intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam control valve which cools the high pressure cylinder and the intermediate pressure cylinder and is positioned on the intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline and the high pressure cylinder cooling steam control valve which is positioned on the high pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline are kept in a closed state, the high side valve and the low side valve are kept in a closed state, and the heat supply regulating valve is opened and supplies heat to the outside;
step two: when the unit operates under the working condition of zero output of the steam turbine, the main throttle valve and the intermediate throttle valve are kept closed, the high-side throttle valve is opened, and main steam enters the reheater after passing through the pressure reducer and the desuperheater on the high-side branch, so that the reheater is prevented from being overheated; the outlet steam of the reheater is divided into three paths: the first path is used for heating or industrial steam supply through a low-side valve, and a heat supply regulating valve is closed; the second path enters a high-pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline, passes through a high-pressure cylinder cooling steam control valve and a high-pressure cylinder cooling steam flow meter on the high-pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline, and enters the high-pressure cylinder from the end shaft seal of the high-pressure cylinder to cool the high-pressure cylinder; the third path of the steam enters a medium pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline, passes through a medium pressure cylinder cooling steam throttle and a medium pressure cylinder cooling steam flowmeter on the medium pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline, enters the medium pressure cylinder from a medium pressure cylinder backheating steam extraction port to cool the medium pressure cylinder, and enters the low pressure cylinder through a middle exhaust pipeline after the medium pressure cylinder is cooled to cool the low pressure cylinder;
step three: according to temperature measuring points of the last-stage blades of the high-pressure cylinder, the intermediate-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder, the opening degrees of the cooling steam regulating valve of the high-pressure cylinder and the cooling steam regulating valve of the intermediate-pressure cylinder are changed, so that the flow of cooling steam entering the high-pressure cylinder and the intermediate-pressure cylinder is changed, a high-pressure rotor, an intermediate-pressure rotor, a low-pressure rotor and blades of the steam turbine are cooled, and the safety of a unit is guaranteed.
The invention provides a zero-output-turbine-based deep peak regulation system and method for a cogeneration unit, which ensure the heat supply capacity of the unit, enable the turbine to run with zero output, and meet the heat supply and deep peak regulation requirements of the unit. The basic principle of the invention is that most steam flows away from a bypass of the steam turbine to supply heat or steam, and only a small amount of steam is reserved and introduced into the steam turbine to cool the blades and the rotor of the high and medium pressure cylinders. At the moment, the steam turbine is only maintained at 3000rpm and operates as a phase modulator, the steam turbine generator unit is in a 'motor' working condition, and the generator absorbs a small amount of power from a power grid and operates as a motor. Under the working condition of zero output operation of the steam turbine, the peak regulation capacity and the heat supply capacity of the unit are maximized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Compared with the conventional peak regulation mode that the zero output of the steam turbine is realized by 'blowing out and steam turbine running with less steam', the method can ensure the normal running of the boiler, and can ensure the requirements of heating in winter or industrial steam supply under the condition of zero output of the steam turbine;
(2) Compared with the existing low-pressure cylinder zero-output or medium-low pressure cylinder zero-output transformation scheme, the invention aims to realize that the unit load reaches zero at the lowest, and greatly improves the deep peak regulation capability of the cogeneration unit;
(3) The working method adopted by the invention comprises a valve switching scheme under different working conditions, so that the unit can meet the operation requirements under different loads, and flexible operation is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a deep peak shaving system of a cogeneration unit based on zero turbine output provided by the invention.
The notations in the figures are as follows:
1-a boiler; 2-a high-pressure cylinder; 3-a medium pressure cylinder; 4-a low pressure cylinder; 5-a main valve; 6-a middle linkage door; 7-high pressure cylinder cooling steam governing valve; 8-intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam governing valve; 9-high bypass valve; 10-a pressure reducer; 11-a desuperheater; 12-a superheater; 13-a reheater; 14-low by-pass valve; 15-a condenser; 16-a heating regulating valve; 17-high pressure cylinder shaft seal; 18-intermediate pressure cylinder backheating steam extraction port; 19-high pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline; 20-intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline; 21-high pressure cylinder cooling steam flow meter; 22-intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam flow meter.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The invention provides a connection and composition of a zero-output cogeneration unit deep peak shaving system of a steam turbine, which comprises the following steps: the boiler 1 includes a superheater 12 and a reheater 13. The steam outlet of the superheater 12 is connected to the high pressure cylinder 2 via the main valve 5 and, at the same time, to the high bypass valve 9. The high bypass valve 9 is connected with a steam inlet of a reheater 13 through a pressure reducer 10 and a desuperheater 11. The steam outlet of the reheater 13 is connected to the low bypass valve 14, the intermediate cylinder cooling steam pipeline 20, the intermediate link door 6 and the high pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline 19. The intermediate link door 6 is connected to the intermediate cylinder 3. The intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline 20 is connected with the intermediate pressure cylinder regenerative steam extraction port 18 of the intermediate pressure cylinder 3, and the high pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline 19 is connected with the high pressure cylinder end shaft seal 17 of the high pressure cylinder 2. The intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline 20 is provided with an intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam throttle 8 and an intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam flowmeter 22. The high-pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline 19 is provided with a high-pressure cylinder cooling steam control valve 7 and a high-pressure cylinder cooling steam flowmeter 21. The high pressure cylinder 2 is connected to the intermediate pressure cylinder 3 and the low pressure cylinder 4, and the low pressure cylinder 4 is connected to the condenser 15. And a heat supply regulating valve 16 is arranged between the middle discharge port of the middle pressure cylinder 3 and the heat supply pipeline.
The system has the following characteristics:
(1) A cooling system for a steam turbine with zero power output. And respectively introducing proper amount of cooling steam into proper positions of a high pressure cylinder and a middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to maintain the idling of the steam turbine at 3000rpm and take away the blast heating value. After cooling the high-pressure cylinder 2, the high-pressure cylinder cooling steam enters a reheater of the boiler 1, after cooling the intermediate-pressure cylinder 3, the intermediate-pressure cylinder cooling steam enters the low-pressure cylinder 4 to continue cooling the low-pressure rotor, and the cooling steam system is provided with special equipment such as a regulating valve and a flowmeter to regulate and monitor parameters such as pressure and flow of the cooling steam.
(2) A turbine bypass operation control system. Through the operation and the regulation control of the bypass system, the steam flow balance of the steam turbine in a zero-output state is realized, the external steam supply or heating of the unit is realized through the bypass, and the safety requirements of the minimum evaporation capacity of the boiler and a reheater are met.
(3) The body of zero output of the steam turbine monitors the protective system. A temperature measuring point is added at an important position (comprising a high-pressure rotor, a middle-pressure rotor, a low-pressure rotor, a static rotor and a moving rotor) of the steam turbine, the zero-output operation of the steam turbine is monitored and protected, and a host is prevented from being damaged.
The invention discloses a zero-output cogeneration unit deep peak shaving method of a steam turbine, which comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: when the unit operates under the working condition of non-zero output of the steam turbine, the main steam valve 5 and the intermediate valve 6 are kept in an open state, the intermediate cylinder cooling steam control valve 8 positioned on the intermediate cylinder cooling steam pipeline 20 and the high pressure cylinder cooling steam control valve 7 positioned on the high pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline 19 for cooling the high pressure cylinder 2 and the intermediate cylinder 3 are kept in a closed state, the high side valve 9 and the low side valve 14 are kept in a closed state, and the heat supply regulating valve 16 is opened and supplies heat to the outside;
step two: when the unit operates under the working condition of zero output of the steam turbine, the main steam valve 5 and the intermediate valve 6 are kept closed, the high-side valve 9 is opened, and main steam enters the reheater 13 after passing through the pressure reducer 10 and the desuperheater 11 on the high-side branch, so that the reheater 13 is prevented from being overheated; the reheater 13 outlet steam is divided into three paths: the first path is used for heating or industrial steam supply through a low bypass valve 14, and a heating regulating valve 16 is closed; the second path enters a high-pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline 19, passes through a high-pressure cylinder cooling steam control valve 7 and a high-pressure cylinder cooling steam flow meter 21 on the high-pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline 19, and enters the high-pressure cylinder 2 from a high-pressure cylinder end shaft seal 17 to cool the high-pressure cylinder 2; the third path enters an intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline 20, passes through an intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam valve 8 and an intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam flow meter 22 on the intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline 20, enters the intermediate pressure cylinder 3 from an intermediate pressure cylinder regenerative steam extraction port 18 to cool the intermediate pressure cylinder 3, and enters the low pressure cylinder 4 through a middle exhaust pipeline to cool the low pressure cylinder 4 after the intermediate pressure cylinder 3 is cooled;
step three: according to temperature measuring points of the last-stage blades of the high-pressure cylinder 2, the intermediate-pressure cylinder 3 and the low-pressure cylinder 4, the opening degrees of the cooling steam control valve 7 of the high-pressure cylinder and the cooling steam control valve 8 of the intermediate-pressure cylinder are changed, so that the flow of cooling steam entering the high-pressure cylinder 2 and the intermediate-pressure cylinder 3 is changed, a high-pressure rotor, an intermediate-pressure rotor and a low-pressure rotor of the steam turbine and the blades are cooled, and the safety of the unit is guaranteed.
Claims (1)
1. A cogeneration unit deep peak-shaving method based on zero output of a steam turbine is characterized in that an adopted cogeneration unit deep peak-shaving system comprises a boiler (1), a high-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine, a medium-pressure cylinder (3) of the steam turbine and a low-pressure cylinder (4) of the steam turbine, wherein the boiler (1) comprises a superheater (12) and a reheater (13), and the method is characterized in that a steam outlet of the superheater (12) is respectively connected with a high-side valve (9) and a main valve (5), the high-side valve (9) is connected with a steam inlet of the reheater (13) through a high-side branch path, and the main valve (5) is connected with the high-pressure cylinder (2); a steam outlet of the reheater (13) is respectively connected with a low side valve (14), an intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline (20), an intermediate linkage door (6) and a high pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline (19), the low side valve (14) is connected with a pipeline system for realizing external steam supply or heating, the intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline (20) is communicated with an intermediate pressure cylinder regenerative steam extraction port (18) on the intermediate pressure cylinder (3), the intermediate linkage door (6) is connected with the intermediate pressure cylinder (3), and the high pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline (19) is communicated with a high pressure cylinder end shaft seal (17) of the high pressure cylinder (2); the steam which is cooled down in the middle pressure cylinder (3) is connected with a pipeline system for realizing external steam supply or heating through a heat supply regulating valve (16), and is used for cooling the low pressure cylinder (4); the steam which is cooled down to the low-pressure cylinder (4) is sent to a steam inlet of a superheater (12) through a condenser (15), and the deep peak shaving method of the cogeneration unit comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: when the unit operates under the working condition of non-zero output of a steam turbine, a main throttle (5) and a middle connecting gate (6) keep an open state, a middle pressure cylinder cooling steam regulating gate (8) which is positioned on a middle pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline (20) and cools a high pressure cylinder (2) and a middle pressure cylinder (3) and a high pressure cylinder cooling steam regulating gate (7) which is positioned on a high pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline (19) keep a closed state, a high side valve (9) and a low side valve (14) keep a closed state, and a heat supply regulating valve (16) is opened and supplies heat to the outside;
step two: when the unit operates under the working condition of zero output of the steam turbine, the main throttle valve (5) and the intermediate throttle valve (6) are kept closed, the high-side valve (9) is opened, and main steam enters the reheater (13) after passing through the pressure reducer (10) and the desuperheater (11) on the high-side branch, so that the reheater (13) is prevented from overtemperature; the outlet steam of the reheater (13) is divided into three paths: the first path is used for heating or industrial steam supply through a low bypass valve (14), and a heating regulating valve (16) is closed; the second path enters a high-pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline (19), passes through a high-pressure cylinder cooling steam control valve (7) and a high-pressure cylinder cooling steam flow meter (21) on the high-pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline (19), and enters the high-pressure cylinder (2) from a high-pressure cylinder end shaft seal (17) to cool the high-pressure cylinder (2); the third path enters an intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline (20), passes through an intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam regulating valve (8) and an intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam flow meter (22) on the intermediate pressure cylinder cooling steam pipeline (20), enters the intermediate pressure cylinder (3) from an intermediate pressure cylinder regenerative steam extraction port (18) to cool the intermediate pressure cylinder (3), and enters the low pressure cylinder (4) through a middle exhaust pipeline to cool the low pressure cylinder (4) after the steam of the intermediate pressure cylinder (3) is cooled;
step three: according to temperature measuring points of last stage blades of the high-pressure cylinder (2), the intermediate-pressure cylinder (3) and the low-pressure cylinder (4), the opening degree of a cooling steam valve (7) of the high-pressure cylinder and the opening degree of a cooling steam valve (8) of the intermediate-pressure cylinder are changed, so that the flow of cooling steam entering the high-pressure cylinder (2) and the intermediate-pressure cylinder (3) is changed, a high-pressure rotor, an intermediate-pressure rotor and a low-pressure rotor of a steam turbine and the blades are cooled, and the safety of the unit is guaranteed.
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| CN108561196B (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2024-02-20 | 辽宁东方发电有限公司 | Safety protection system and method for cutting off operation of low-pressure cylinder of thermal power generating unit |
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