CN111520110A - Supercritical CO of horizontal well2Method and system for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing - Google Patents
Supercritical CO of horizontal well2Method and system for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN111520110A CN111520110A CN201910107379.9A CN201910107379A CN111520110A CN 111520110 A CN111520110 A CN 111520110A CN 201910107379 A CN201910107379 A CN 201910107379A CN 111520110 A CN111520110 A CN 111520110A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/114—Perforators using direct fluid action on the wall to be perforated, e.g. abrasive jets
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Abstract
The invention provides supercritical CO of a horizontal well2A method and system for enhanced geothermal exploitation of fractures, the method comprising introducing liquid CO2Fully mixing with the abrasive, putting the obtained mixture into the position to be perforated to obtain supercritical CO2The mixed liquid with the abrasive forms high-pressure jet flow after passing through a hydraulic jet nozzle, and damages a sleeve, a cement sheath and hot dry rock to form a perforation; mixing pure liquid CO2Pumping to a perforation position to form an artificial fracture; mixing proppant with supercritical CO2Fully stirring in a sand mixing truck and passing through a fracturing truckPumping the mixed fracturing fluid into a well, and passing supercritical CO underground2Carrying the proppant into the fracture to complete the first stage of fracturing; pumping the spacer fluid to protect the fractured well section when the hydraulic jet nozzle reaches the position to be reconstructed next, and repeating the operations in sequence until the fracturing reconstruction of the horizontal well is completed; after the transformation, the supercritical CO is continuously transformed2The heat exchange is carried out on the dry hot rock as a circulating working medium to realize repeated heat extraction and power generation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to supercritical CO of a horizontal well2A method and a system for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing belong to the technical field of efficient development of enhanced geothermal energy.
Background
Geothermal resources are clean, efficient, stable and renewable energy sources which are not influenced by seasonal climate change, the development of Geothermal resources is important content for realizing national energy structure transformation and building a low-carbon green society, and the Geothermal resources in China are rich, particularly Enhanced Geothermal (EGS) resources, and the resource amount of the Geothermal resources reaches 850 trillion tons of standard coal. Compared with the enhanced geothermal development history of countries such as America, Japan, Europe and the like in 40 years, the enhanced geothermal development research of China is still in the starting research and development stage, much work is needed to be done away from the commercial development, and the research and development of the efficient, stable and economic enhanced geothermal development technology has very important significance for promoting the development of geothermal resources and the transformation of energy structures of China.
Hot Dry Rock (Hot Dry Rock, HDR) is a research object of enhanced geothermal resources, the Hot Dry Rock mainly uses igneous rocks such as granite and basalt and the like and uses sedimentary rocks as auxiliaries, and how to form effective artificial cracks in the Hot Dry Rock and improve permeability are the keys for improving the utilization rate of the enhanced geothermal resources. At present, the enhanced geothermal energy is mainly developed by adopting a mode of 'vertical well hydraulic fracturing + clear water circulating heat exchange', and the development mode has the following problems in the process of dry and hot rock transformation: (1) the fracturing fluid mainly adopts clear water or slickwater, and is seriously leaked in natural cracks of hot dry rocks, so that the pressure transmission distance is limited, water resources are wasted, and particularly, the economic loss caused in a drought area is larger; (2) the fractured straight well has long seams, limited reconstruction areas and single fracture form, and the formed two symmetrical main fractures are not sufficiently communicated with natural fractures in the hot dry rock, so that a heat exchange channel is very limited; (3) fracturing fluid which cannot be completely discharged or is leaked out from a shaft can generate incompatible reaction with mineral components in the hot dry rock, and reactants block pore throats and heat exchange channels of the hot dry rock, so that pollution to a thermal reservoir is caused; (4) minerals in the hot dry rock are dissolved in water, and cause chemical corrosion and scaling damage to pipelines and equipment in the circulating process, so that the development efficiency is reduced, and the operation cost is increased; (5) the circulating working medium needs to do work on clean water in the processes of injection and extraction, and a large amount of energy is consumed. The problems seriously restrict the efficient development and business process of the enhanced geothermal resources, and in order to overcome the problems, a set of novel enhanced geothermal efficient development system needs to be provided urgently.
Gaseous CO2When critical conditions are reached (temperature is higher than 31.1 deg.C, pressure is higher than 7.38MPa), the carbon dioxide is converted into supercritical CO2Supercritical CO2Has the characteristics of low viscosity, high density, high rock-breaking efficiency by injection, low circulating energy consumption, small leakage pollution, low pipe corrosion capacity and the like, is generally buried in dry and hot rock at depth of more than 3000m abroad, and can be supercritical CO2Provides a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for supercritical CO2Provides a material base as a circulating heat exchange working medium.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above disadvantages and shortcomings, it is an object of the present invention to provide a supercritical CO horizontal well2Fracturing develops a method of enhanced geothermal heat.
The invention also aims to provide the supercritical CO of the horizontal well2Fracturing develops an enhanced geothermal system.
In order to achieve the above objects, in one aspect, the present invention provides a supercritical CO of a horizontal well2Method for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing, wherein the horizontal well is subjected to supercritical CO2The method for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing liquid CO2Fully mixing the mixture with the abrasive, and putting the mixture into a position to be perforated in a horizontal section of a third well of the horizontal well through a coiled tubing to obtain supercritical CO2The mixed liquid with the abrasive forms high-pressure jet flow after passing through a hydraulic jet nozzle, and damages a sleeve, a cement sheath and hot dry rock to form a perforation;
(2) after the perforation is finished, pure liquid CO is added2Pumping to the position of the perforation through a coiled tubing to obtain high-pressure supercritical CO2Further expanding the natural cracks to form artificial cracks, wherein the artificial cracks and the natural cracks are communicated with each other to form a complex crack network;
(3) after the seam is made, the proppant is mixed with supercritical CO on the ground2Fully stirring in a sand mixing truck, pumping the mixed fracturing fluid into a well through a fracturing truck, and passing supercritical CO underground2Carrying the proppant into the fracture to form effective fracture support and finish the first section of fracturing;
(4) after the first-stage fracturing is completed, lifting the continuous oil pipe to enable the hydraulic jet nozzle to reach the position to be reconstructed next, pumping the spacer fluid to protect the fractured well section, and repeating the steps (1) to (3) in sequence to complete the staged fracturing reconstruction of the horizontal section of the horizontal well successively until the complete fracturing reconstruction of the horizontal well is completed.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, in said process, CO2The source may be a power plant or a surrounding plantThe exhaust gas is discharged.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, in the process described, the supercritical CO does not have to be subjected to a total reforming operation2And performing the flowback operation.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), preferably, the abrasive is quartz sand.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, in said process step (1), the liquid CO is introduced2After being fully mixed with the abrasive, the obtained mixture is put into the position to be perforated in the horizontal section of the third well opening of the horizontal well through the coiled tubing, and at the moment, liquid CO2Conversion to supercritical CO at downhole high temperature and high pressure2Obtaining supercritical CO2The mixed liquid with the abrasive forms high-pressure jet flow after passing through a hydraulic jet nozzle, so that the casing, the cement sheath and the hot dry rock are damaged, and a perforation is formed.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2) of the method, preferably, the pure liquid CO is2The injection displacement during pumping is 5-10m3/min。
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (2), after the perforation is finished, pure liquid CO is added2Pumping through coiled tubing to the perforation site, at which time liquid CO is present2Conversion to supercritical CO at downhole high temperature and high pressure2High pressure supercritical CO obtained2And further expanding the natural cracks to form artificial cracks, wherein the artificial cracks and the natural cracks are communicated with each other to form a complex crack network.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the step (3), preferably, the isolation liquid is guar gum.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the step (3) of the method, preferably, the size of the proppant is larger than 40 mesh.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), preferably, the proppant is quartz sand.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (4), preferably, the number of the staged fracturing of the horizontal segment of the horizontal well is 5 to 9.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, in said method step (4), the total time of treatment of each stage is preferably between 15 and 40 min.
Preferably, according to a particular embodiment of the invention, the sequence of the modification of the method is from the toe end to the root end of the horizontal well.
According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the method further comprises:
extracting high-temperature supercritical CO2After the low-temperature working medium is sent to a ground power plant for power generation, the low-temperature working medium is changed into a low-temperature working medium, the low-temperature working medium is pumped into the horizontal well again, and the low-temperature working medium is changed into high-temperature supercritical CO again through heat exchange with dry hot rock2Extracting the high-temperature supercritical CO2And sent to a ground power plant for reuse in generating electricity.
According to the specific implementation scheme of the invention, the first well opening, the second well opening and the third well opening of the horizontal well and the cave vertical well can adopt roller cone drill bits to drill the well, wherein the size of the first well opening is larger than 400mm, the size of the second well opening is larger than 300mm, and the size of the third well opening is larger than 200 mm.
The second well opening of the horizontal well can realize deflection by using a screw downhole motor with a bend angle, the bend angle of a screw drilling tool can be 1.25-1.5 degrees, and the deflection rate of a deflection section is 3 degrees/30 m-12 degrees/30 m.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a method for realizing the supercritical CO of the horizontal well2Horizontal well supercritical CO of method for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing2System for fracturing to develop enhanced geothermal heat, wherein the horizontal well is supercritical CO2A system for developing enhanced geothermal heat by fracturing comprising:
horizontal and vertical wells for supercritical CO respectively2Injection well and supercritical CO2A production well; the horizontal well and the cave vertical well are both of a three-opening well body structure, and a surface casing, a technical casing and a production casing are respectively arranged in a first opening well, a second opening well and a third opening well of the horizontal well and the cave vertical well;
the tail end of a second open well of the horizontal well is of a 60-90-degree bent angle structure, and the tail end of the bent angle structure is located in the hot dry rock;
the horizontal section of the third open well of the horizontal well is positioned in the hot dry rock; the tail end of the third open well of the horizontal well is communicated with the third open well of the vertical well of the cave in a butting way in the cave through a measurement while drilling tool and a rotating magnetic field ranging and guiding system;
the coiled tubing pumping equipment is positioned outside the horizontal well and used for pumping the coiled tubing to the horizontal section of the third open well of the horizontal well; and one end of the coiled tubing, which extends into the horizontal section of the third open well of the horizontal well, is provided with a hydraulic jet nozzle.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, preferably, the system further comprises a fracturing truck which is positioned outside the horizontal well and is connected with one end of the coiled tubing, which is positioned outside the horizontal well.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the system preferably further comprises a fracturing blender truck connected to the fracturing truck by an insulated high pressure line.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, preferably, the system further comprises liquid CO2And the storage tank is connected with the sand mixing truck through a pipeline.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the system, preferably, the first, second and third open wells of the horizontal well have diameters ranging from 400mm to 600mm, from 300mm to 400mm and from 200mm to 300mm, respectively.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the system, the drilling completion depths of the first open well and the second open well of the horizontal well are preferably 300m-1000m and 2000-6000m respectively.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the system, preferably, the length of the horizontal section of the third open well of the horizontal well is 1000-1500 m.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the system, preferably, the diameters of the first open well, the second open well and the third open well of the cavern vertical well are 400mm-600mm, 300mm-400mm and 200mm-300mm respectively.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the system, preferably, the drilling completion depths of the first open well, the second open well and the third open well of the cavern vertical well are respectively 300-.
In the system according to the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the diameter of the cavity is not less than 0.5m, and the length of the cavity is 5-10 m.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the system, preferably, well cementation cement casings are arranged outside a surface casing, a technical casing and a production casing which are respectively arranged in a first open well, a second open well and a third open well of the horizontal well and the cave vertical well; the cement used for the well cementation cement sheath has a thermal conductivity coefficient more than 20 w/m.k.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the system, the thermal conductivity of the surface casing, the technical casing and the production casing which are respectively arranged in the first open well, the second open well and the third open well of the horizontal well and the vertical cave well should preferably be more than 100 w/m-k.
In the system according to an embodiment of the invention, the rear end of the angled structure preferably extends into the hot dry rock for a length of 50-100 m.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, preferably, the system further comprises surface equipment comprising supercritical CO2Circulating working medium extraction equipment, first compressor, ground power plant, purification device, second compressor and supercritical CO2The cavity vertical shaft passes through the supercritical CO sequentially through the ground heat insulation high-pressure pipeline2Circulating working medium extraction equipment, first compressor, ground power plant, purification device, second compressor and supercritical CO2And the circulating working medium injection equipment is connected with the horizontal well.
In the system according to the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the ground-insulated high-pressure pipeline is insulated from the supercritical CO2Circulating working medium extraction equipment, first compressor, ground power plant, purification device, second compressor and supercritical CO2Connection part of circulating working medium injection equipmentAre respectively provided with a sealing gasket which is a metal sealing gasket.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, in the system, the angle of completion of the second cut of the horizontal well is in the range of 60 ° to 90 °, which ensures that the depth of completion of the second cut of the horizontal well is less than or equal to the depth of completion of the third cut of the vertical well. The purpose of this design is to facilitate critical CO2The carried dry hot rock debris is deposited at the cave, and abrasion of the debris to pipelines and ground equipment is reduced.
In the System, Measurement While Drilling (MWD) and rotating Magnetic field distance measurement and guidance (RMRS) are conventional devices used in the art according to embodiments of the present invention.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, in the system, the supercritical CO2The circulating working medium injection equipment, the second compressor and the purification device are arranged at the wellhead of the horizontal well, and the supercritical CO is used for purifying the circulating working medium2The circulating working medium extraction equipment and the first compressor are arranged at the wellhead of the cave vertical shaft; the ground heat insulation high-pressure pipeline is used for communicating the horizontal well mouth, the cave vertical well mouth and the ground power plant to form a closed circulation passage. High temperature supercritical CO2The low-temperature working medium is changed into the low-temperature working medium after power generation of a power plant, the high-temperature circulating working medium is changed into the high-temperature circulating working medium again after heat exchange of the hot dry rock, and power generation is repeated.
The supercritical CO of the horizontal well provided by the invention2System and method for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing2Used as horizontal well fracturing fluid and circulating heat exchange working medium for developing enhanced geothermal energy, and used supercritical CO2The low viscosity reduces the flow resistance in the cracks during fracturing, complex cracks are easy to form, and the horizontal well can be segmentally reformed by matching with a horizontal well coiled tubing hydraulic jet technology. Furthermore, supercritical CO2No pollution to the reservoir, no need of special flowback operation after fracturing, low energy consumption in the circulating injection and production process, and little corrosion damage to metal pipesLittle pollution to thermal reservoir and CO production during underground leakage2Sealing and storage equal gain effects, and realizes supercritical CO2The technology is suitable for geothermal development on a dry hot rock stratum without water or with little water, can reduce the damage to a thermal reservoir, a pipeline and equipment, improves the geothermal development efficiency, reduces the later maintenance cost, and realizes the clean and efficient development of the thermal reservoir.
The invention provides a supercritical CO of a horizontal well2Coiled tubing fracturing + supercritical CO2The method aims at the characteristics of enhanced geothermal energy and uses supercritical CO in the whole process of fracturing dry hot rock and cyclic heat exchange2As a working fluid. Specifically, the system utilizes supercritical CO2The method has the advantages of low viscosity, high diffusion, no pollution and high rock breaking efficiency by spraying, staged fracturing of the horizontal well is realized through the continuous oil pipe, and supercritical CO is used after the fracturing of the hot dry rock is transformed2The heat exchange development is carried out as a circulating working medium, and a brand new thought is provided for the development of enhanced geothermal resources.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the heat exchange area between the shaft and the hot dry rock is increased through the horizontal well, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved;
(2) by using supercritical CO2The method has the advantages of low viscosity, high density and high rock breaking efficiency by injection, and can form relatively complex artificial cracks and complex fracture nets by efficiently transforming the hot dry rock through the staged fracturing process of the coiled tubing of the horizontal well;
(3) using supercritical CO2The fracturing fluid can avoid flowback construction after pressing, reduces construction steps and reduces operation cost;
(4) supercritical CO2The method has no pollution to the dry hot rock stratum which does not contain water and contains less water, and avoids the damage of clear water leakage to the dry hot rock stratum; rock minerals are insoluble in supercritical CO2The risk of pipeline corrosion and equipment scaling is reduced;
(5) supercritical CO2Low viscosity, same pressure difference of injection and production, CO2Mass flow rate of water 1-6 times, the circulating working medium is easier to inject and extract when used for circulating heat exchange, the energy consumption during injecting and extracting clear water is reduced, and the energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized.
(6) The production-increasing transformation and the integration of circulating media are realized, and the possibility of chemical incompatibility among different liquids is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows supercritical CO in a horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present invention2Schematic representation of the reforming process in a method of fracturing to develop enhanced geothermal heat;
FIG. 2 shows supercritical CO in a horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present invention2A schematic of a wellhead production process in a method of fracturing to develop enhanced geothermal heat;
FIG. 3 shows supercritical CO in a horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present invention2A specific process flow diagram of a method of fracturing to develop enhanced geothermal heat.
The main reference numbers illustrate:
1. coiled tubing pumping equipment; 2. a coiled tubing; 3. a surface casing; 4. a technical sleeve; 5. producing a sleeve; 6. hot dry rock; 7. a hydraulic spray nozzle; 8. a spacer fluid; 9. artificial crack (supercritical CO)2Modifying cracks); 10. a cave; 11. a cave vertical well; 12. liquid CO2A storage tank; 13. a sand mixing truck; 14. an insulated high pressure line; 15. a fracturing truck; 16. horizontal wells;
17. supercritical CO2A circulating working medium injection device; 18. a second compressor; 19. a purification device; 20. a ground power plant; 21. a ground insulated high pressure line; 22. a first compressor; 23. supercritical CO2And (4) a circulating working medium extraction device.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention will be made with reference to the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides supercritical CO of a horizontal well2A system for developing enhanced geothermal heat from a fracture, wherein the system comprises:
the horizontal well 16 and the vertical well 11 are used as supercritical CO respectively2Injection well and supercritical CO2A production well; the horizontal well 16 and the cave vertical well 11 are both of a three-opening well body structure, and a surface casing 3, a technical casing 4 and a production casing 5 are respectively arranged in a first opening well, a second opening well and a third opening well of the horizontal well and the cave vertical well;
the tail end of a second open well of the horizontal well 16 is of a 90-degree bent angle structure, and the tail end of the bent angle structure is located in the hot dry rock 6;
a third open horizontal section of the horizontal well 16 is located in the hot dry rock 6; the tail end of a third open well of the horizontal well 16 is in butt joint communication with the third open well of the vertical cave well 11 in the cave 10 through a measurement while drilling tool and a rotating magnetic field ranging and guiding system;
the complete drilling depth of the second open hole of the horizontal well 16 is the same as that of the third open hole of the cave vertical well 11;
the coiled tubing pumping equipment 1 is positioned outside the horizontal well 16 and used for pumping the coiled tubing 2 to the horizontal section of the third open well of the horizontal well; and one end of the coiled tubing, which extends into the horizontal section of the third open well of the horizontal well, is provided with a hydraulic jet nozzle 7.
In this embodiment, the system further comprises a fracturing truck 15, which is located outside the horizontal well and connected to one end of the coiled tubing located outside the horizontal well;
a fracturing blender truck 13 connected to the fracturing truck through a heat-insulating high-pressure pipeline 14;
liquid CO2And the storage tank 12 is connected with the sand mixing truck through a pipeline.
In this embodiment, the system also includes surface equipment (in which case the coiled tubing pumping equipment, coiled tubing, hydrajetting nozzles, liquid CO need to be removed in advance)2Storage tanks, fracturing blender trucks, fracturing trucks, etc.), the surface equipment including supercritical CO2A circulating working medium extraction device 23, a first compressor 22, a ground power plant 20, a purification device 19, a second compressor 18 and supercritical CO2A circulating working medium injection device 17, wherein the cavern vertical well passes through supercritical CO sequentially through a ground heat insulation high-pressure pipeline 212Circulating working medium extraction equipment, first compressor, ground power plant, purification device, second compressor and supercritical CO2The circulating working medium injection equipment is connected with the horizontal well;
the ground heat-insulating high-pressure pipeline and supercritical CO2Circulating working medium extraction equipment, first compressor, ground power plant, purification device, second compressor and supercritical CO2And sealing gaskets are respectively arranged at the joints of the circulating working medium injection devices and are metal sealing gaskets.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the surface casing 3, the technical casing 4, and the production casing 5, which are respectively lowered into the first open well, the second open well, and the third open well of the horizontal well, are sequentially: phi 339.7mm, a J-grade surface casing with the thermal conductivity coefficient more than 100 w/m.k, phi 244.5mm, a J-grade technical casing with the thermal conductivity coefficient more than 100 w/(m.k), and a J-grade production casing with phi 139.7mm and the thermal conductivity coefficient more than 100 w/(m.k);
in this embodiment, the drilling completion depths of the first well opening and the second well opening of the horizontal well are 600m and 3015m respectively;
in this embodiment, the length of the horizontal section of the third open well of the horizontal well is 1500 m;
in this embodiment, the well completion depths of the first well opening, the second well opening and the third well opening of the vertical well of the cavity are 600m, 2800m and 3015m, respectively;
in this embodiment, the cavity is not less than 0.5m in length and is 5-10m in length.
In the embodiment, well cementation cement rings are arranged outside a surface casing, a technical casing and a production casing which are respectively arranged in a first open well, a second open well and a third open well of the horizontal well and the cave vertical well; the cement used for the well cementation cement sheath has a thermal conductivity coefficient more than 20 w/m.k.
Example 2
The embodiment provides supercritical CO of a horizontal well2The method for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing utilizes the supercritical CO of the horizontal well provided in example 12The system is realized by the system for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing, wherein the horizontal well is subjected to supercritical CO2The specific process flow diagram of the method for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing is shown in figure 3, and the supercritical CO of the horizontal well2A schematic of the reformation process in the method of fracturing to develop enhanced geothermal is shown in FIG. 1, the horizontal well being supercritical CO2A schematic diagram of the wellhead production process in a method of fracturing to exploit enhanced geothermal heat is shown in fig. 2, and as can be seen in fig. 1-3, the method comprises:
(1) in the embodiment, the buried depth of the dry hot rock is 3000m, the thickness of the dry hot rock is 30m, and the cave vertical well is used as the supercritical CO2A production well adopts a three-opening well body structure; horizontal well as supercritical CO2And (4) injecting wells, and adopting a straight-increasing-stabilizing three-opening well body structure.
A roller bit with phi 444.5mm is used for opening both wells, a J-grade surface casing 3 with phi 339.7mm and the thermal conductivity coefficient larger than 100 w/m.k is put into the well, G-grade cement with the thermal conductivity coefficient larger than 20 w/m.k is used for completing well cementation, and the cement returns to the ground upwards; drilling by adopting a roller bit with phi of 311.2mm, lowering a J-grade technical casing 4 with phi of 244.5mm and a heat conductivity coefficient of more than 100 w/m.k after drilling, completing well cementation by adopting G-grade cement with the heat conductivity coefficient of more than 20 w/m.k, and returning the cement to the ground; and three-opening is carried out by adopting a roller bit with phi 215.9mm to drill, after drilling, a J-grade production casing 5 with phi 139.7mm and a heat conductivity coefficient larger than 100 w/m.k is put in, G-grade cement with a heat conductivity coefficient larger than 20 w/m.k is adopted to complete well cementation, and the cement returns to the ground.
In the embodiment, the depth of the first-cut completion drilling well of the vertical well is 600m, the depth of the second-cut completion drilling well is 2800m, a mechanical hole expanding tool is put into the position of the well depth of 3015m to form a hole 10 with the diameter of 0.5m and the length of 5m, and rock debris is returned out by well washing after hole building is completed.
In the embodiment, the first-cut completion drilling depth of the horizontal well is 600m, the second-cut mining is drilled by a screw drill with a bend angle of 1.5 degrees, the completion drilling depth is 3015m (the inclination angle is 90 degrees), the length of the third-cut horizontal section is 1500m, and the connection between the horizontal well 16 and the vertical cave well 11 is realized through an MWD measurement while drilling tool and an RMRS rotating magnetic field distance measuring and guiding system. And performing well washing operation on the horizontal well and the vertical well after the communication is finished.
(2) Mixing liquid CO2Fully mixed with quartz sand on the ground, and is put into a position to be perforated through a coiled tubing 2 (the transformation sequence is from the toe end to the root end of a horizontal well), and supercritical CO2The quartz sand and the quartz sand are fully mixed in a sand mixing truck 13, and form high-pressure jet flow after passing through a hydraulic nozzle 7 to destroy a sleeve, a cement sheath and hot dry rock, so that a perforation is formed. After the perforation is finished, pure liquid CO is added2Pumping the mixture into the well through a coiled tubing 2 to form supercritical CO2High pressure supercritical CO2The crack is further expanded, and the jet discharge capacity is 10m3Min, total treatment time of each stage is 35min, and artificial crack (supercritical CO) is formed2Reconstruction cracks) 9, and forming a complex crack network after the artificial cracks and the natural cracks are communicated with each other. Adding proppant quartz sand on the ground after forming the seam, and passing high-emission supercritical CO underground2The proppant is carried into the fracture to form an effective fracture prop.
(3) After the first stage of fracturing is finished, the coiled tubing 2 is lifted to the next modification position through the coiled tubing pumping equipment 1, the isolating liquid 8 (guar gum) is pumped to protect the fractured well section, and the jet perforation and the supercritical CO in the step (2) are repeated2And (3) gradually completing the sectional modification of the horizontal well in the processes of seam formation, proppant pumping and the like, wherein the number of modification sections is 5 sections in the embodiment. After all the transformation is finished, supercritical CO is not needed2And performing the flowback operation.
(4) Installing supercritical CO at the wellhead of the horizontal well 162A circulating working medium injection device 17, a second compressor 18, a purification device 19, in this embodiment, CO2The source is exhaust gas emitted by power plants and surrounding plants; supercritical CO is installed at the wellhead of the cave vertical shaft 112The circulating working medium extraction equipment 23, the first compressor 22 and the ground heat insulation high-pressure pipeline 21 are used for connecting the horizontal well 16 and the caveThe vertical well 11 and the ground power plant 20 form a closed circulation passage after being communicated, and all sealing rings in the circulation pipeline are metal sealing. High temperature supercritical CO2The low-temperature working medium is changed into the low-temperature working medium after power generation of a power plant, the high-temperature circulating working medium is changed into the high-temperature circulating working medium again after heat exchange of the hot dry rock, and power generation is repeated.
In summary, the system and method provided by the present invention utilizes supercritical CO2The method has the advantages of low viscosity, high diffusion, no pollution and high rock breaking efficiency by spraying, staged fracturing of the horizontal well is realized through the continuous oil pipe, and supercritical CO is used after the fracturing of the hot dry rock is transformed2The heat exchange development is carried out as a circulating working medium, and a brand new thought is provided for the development of enhanced geothermal resources. In addition, the technology is suitable for geothermal development on dry hot rock stratums which contain no water or less water, can reduce damage to hot reservoir stratums, pipelines and equipment, improves the geothermal development efficiency, reduces the later maintenance cost, and realizes clean and efficient development of the hot reservoir stratums.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, so that the invention is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents of the embodiments described herein. In addition, the technical features and the technical inventions of the present invention, the technical features and the technical inventions, and the technical inventions can be freely combined and used.
Claims (26)
1. Supercritical CO of horizontal well2A method for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing, characterized in that the horizontal well is supercritical CO2The method for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing liquid CO2Fully mixing the mixture with the abrasive, and putting the mixture into a position to be perforated in a horizontal section of a third well of the horizontal well through a coiled tubing to obtain supercritical CO2The mixed liquid with the abrasive forms high-pressure jet flow after passing through a hydraulic jet nozzle, and damages a sleeve, a cement sheath and hot dry rock to form a perforation;
(2) after the perforation is finished, pure liquid CO is added2Pumping to the position of the perforation through a coiled tubing to obtain high-pressure supercritical CO2Further expanding the natural cracks to form artificial cracks, wherein the artificial cracks and the natural cracks are communicated with each other to form a complex crack network;
(3) after the seam is made, the proppant is mixed with supercritical CO on the ground2Fully stirring in a sand mixing truck, pumping the mixed fracturing fluid into a well through a fracturing truck, and passing supercritical CO underground2Carrying the proppant into the fracture to form effective fracture support and finish the first section of fracturing;
(4) after the first-stage fracturing is completed, lifting the continuous oil pipe to enable the hydraulic jet nozzle to reach the position to be reconstructed next, pumping the spacer fluid to protect the fractured well section, and repeating the steps (1) to (3) in sequence to complete the staged fracturing reconstruction of the horizontal section of the horizontal well successively until the complete fracturing reconstruction of the horizontal well is completed.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the abrasive is quartz sand.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the pure liquid CO is2The injection displacement during pumping is 5-10m3/min。
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the spacer fluid is guar gum.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the proppant has a size greater than 40 mesh.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the proppant is quartz sand.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the number of the staged fracturing of the horizontal section of the horizontal well is 5-9.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in step (4), the total time for each stage of treatment is 15-40 min.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the sequence of retrofitting the method is from a toe end to a heel end of the horizontal well.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, further comprising:
extracting high-temperature supercritical CO2After the low-temperature working medium is sent to a ground power plant for power generation, the low-temperature working medium is changed into a low-temperature working medium, the low-temperature working medium is pumped into the horizontal well again, and the low-temperature working medium is changed into high-temperature supercritical CO again through heat exchange with dry hot rock2Extracting the high-temperature supercritical CO2And sent to a ground power plant for reuse in generating electricity.
11. For realizing the supercritical CO of the horizontal well according to any one of claims 1 to 102Horizontal well supercritical CO of method for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing2A system for developing enhanced geothermal energy by fracturing, characterized in that the horizontal well is supercritical CO2A system for developing enhanced geothermal heat by fracturing comprising:
horizontal and vertical wells for supercritical CO respectively2Injection well and supercritical CO2A production well; the horizontal well and the cave vertical well are both of a three-opening well body structure, and a surface casing, a technical casing and a production casing are respectively arranged in a first opening well, a second opening well and a third opening well of the horizontal well and the cave vertical well;
the tail end of a second open well of the horizontal well is of a 60-90-degree bent angle structure, and the tail end of the bent angle structure is located in the hot dry rock;
the horizontal section of the third open well of the horizontal well is positioned in the hot dry rock; the tail end of the third open well of the horizontal well is communicated with the third open well of the vertical well of the cave in a butting way in the cave through a measurement while drilling tool and a rotating magnetic field ranging and guiding system;
the coiled tubing pumping equipment is positioned outside the horizontal well and used for pumping the coiled tubing to the horizontal section of the third open well of the horizontal well; and one end of the coiled tubing, which extends into the horizontal section of the third open well of the horizontal well, is provided with a hydraulic jet nozzle.
12. The system of claim 11, further comprising a fracturing truck located outside the horizontal well and connected to an end of the coiled tubing located outside the horizontal well.
13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a fracturing blender truck coupled to the fracturing truck by an insulated high pressure line.
14. The system of claim 13, further comprising liquid CO2And the storage tank is connected with the sand mixing truck through a pipeline.
15. The system of claim 11, wherein the first, second and third openings of the horizontal well have diameters ranging from 400mm to 600mm, 300mm to 400mm, and 200mm to 300mm, respectively.
16. The system as claimed in claim 11 or 15, wherein the first and second well openings of the horizontal well have a completion depth of 300m-1000m, 2000-6000m respectively.
17. The system of claim 11 or 15, wherein the third open well of the horizontal well has a horizontal segment length of 1000-1500 m.
18. The system of claim 16, wherein the third open well of the horizontal well has a horizontal segment length of 1000-1500 m.
19. The system of claim 11, wherein the first, second and third openings of the vertical well have diameters of 400mm to 600mm, 300mm to 400mm, and 200mm to 300mm, respectively.
20. The system as claimed in claim 11 or 19, wherein the well completion depths of the first, second and third open wells of the vertical cavity well are respectively 300-.
21. The system of claim 11, wherein the cavern has a diameter of not less than 0.5m and a length of 5-10 m.
22. The system according to claim 11, wherein well cementing cement casings are arranged outside a surface casing, a technical casing and a production casing which are respectively arranged in a first open well, a second open well and a third open well of the horizontal well and the cave vertical well; the cement used for the well cementation cement sheath has a thermal conductivity coefficient more than 20 w/m.k.
23. The system of claim 11, wherein the thermal conductivity of the surface casing, technical casing and production casing run in the first, second and third openings of the horizontal and vertical wells respectively is greater than 100 w/m-k.
24. The system of claim 11 wherein the trailing end of the angled structure extends into the hot dry rock for a length of 50-100 m.
25. The system of any one of claims 11-24, further comprising surface equipment comprising supercritical CO2Circulating working medium extraction equipment, first compressor, ground power plant, purification device, second compressor and supercritical CO2The cavity vertical shaft passes through the supercritical CO sequentially through the ground heat insulation high-pressure pipeline2Circulating working medium extraction equipment, first compressor and groundPower plant, purification device, secondary compressor and supercritical CO2And the circulating working medium injection equipment is connected with the horizontal well.
26. The system of claim 25, wherein the surface insulated high pressure pipeline is insulated from supercritical CO2Circulating working medium extraction equipment, first compressor, ground power plant, purification device, second compressor and supercritical CO2And sealing gaskets are respectively arranged at the joints of the circulating working medium injection devices and are metal sealing gaskets.
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