CN111517678A - Device and process for drying and selecting carbide slag by using high-temperature gas at tail of cement kiln - Google Patents
Device and process for drying and selecting carbide slag by using high-temperature gas at tail of cement kiln Download PDFInfo
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- CN111517678A CN111517678A CN202010216644.XA CN202010216644A CN111517678A CN 111517678 A CN111517678 A CN 111517678A CN 202010216644 A CN202010216644 A CN 202010216644A CN 111517678 A CN111517678 A CN 111517678A
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- carbide slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
- C01B32/942—Calcium carbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/02—Oxides or hydroxides
- C01F11/16—Purification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
- C04B7/38—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches, e.g. mixing with fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
- F26B21/04—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure partly outside the drying enclosure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for drying and selecting carbide slag by utilizing high-temperature gas at the tail of a cement kiln, wherein a carbide slag incoming material conveying pipeline is connected with a V-shaped powder selecting machine, the V-shaped powder selecting machine is connected with an upper SLK powder selecting machine, the SLK powder selecting machine is connected with a bag dust collector, and the bag dust collector is sequentially connected with a first carbide slag dry powder bin, a second carbide slag dry powder bin and a cement production batching bin through a finished product carbide slag conveying chute; the bag dust collector is connected with the induced draft fan and the waste gas treatment device; the induced draft fan is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator; the other outlet of the SLK powder concentrator is connected with the small discharge bin; the kiln tail high-temperature waste gas pipeline is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator through a high-temperature fan; the device for drying and selecting the carbide slag simultaneously solves the problems of safety and environmental protection of a carbide slag warehouse, efficiently utilizes waste heat, changes waste into valuable, is scientific in overall arrangement, strong in applicability and high in additional value, and is worthy of popularization in the whole industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of carbide slag treatment, and particularly relates to a device and a process for drying and selecting carbide slag by using high-temperature gas at the tail of a cement kiln.
Background
The process for producing PVC by the calcium carbide acetylene method generates a large amount of calcium carbide slag every year, and the existing comprehensive utilization method is not a plurality of methods, mainly stacking or burying, wherein the burying occupies a large amount of land and has great pollution to the environment. Therefore, at present, most manufacturers send carbide slag to a carbide slag storage warehouse of a cement plant through a pneumatic or pipe belt conveyor conveying system after the carbide slag is discharged from a generator in a sealed manner, in order to ensure that calcium carbide and water react sufficiently, the industry generally controls the moisture of the carbide slag to 6-10%, but because calcium carbide contains certain impurities, calcium carbide particles with low activity do not react completely and are mixed in the carbide slag to be sent to the carbide slag warehouse, the calcium carbide particles slowly react with the water contained in the carbide slag to generate acetylene gas which accumulates in the sealed warehouse, the explosion risk can be generated when the acetylene gas reaches a certain concentration (the lower explosion limit of the acetylene is 2.3%), the control of the acetylene concentration of the carbide slag warehouse becomes a great problem in the safety of the chlor-alkali industry, the industry generally adopts monitoring measures of online acetylene content analysis and manual sampling analysis arranged in the carbide slag warehouse, and the measures of fluidization replacement and reduction production are introduced to achieve, Nitrogen filling and other measures are adopted for control, but the control method is passive, the control effect is not ideal, and a plurality of calcium carbide slag bins are subjected to 'bin explosion accidents' in the industry in recent years. In addition, the carbide slag storehouse in the industry has the phenomena of large dust raising and difficult environmental protection treatment, and in the face of high temperature, high humidity and ultrafine dust, a common bag type dust collector is easy to dewfall to cause blockage, and in the face of increasing safety and environmental protection pressure, a mature technology for solving the problems of safety and environmental protection of the carbide slag storehouse becomes an urgent need of the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a device and a process for drying and selecting powder carbide slag by utilizing high-temperature gas at the tail of a cement kiln, wherein the water content of the carbide slag after powder selection and drying is controlled to be below 1.0%, meanwhile, carbide particles are separated in the previous process, harmful gases such as acetylene and the like in the carbide slag are treated, the safety is high, the dust emission is less, and the economic value of the refined carbide slag is high.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a device for drying and selecting carbide slag by using high-temperature gas at the tail of a cement kiln comprises a carbide slag incoming material conveying pipeline, a V-shaped powder concentrator, an SLK powder concentrator, a bag dust collector, a finished carbide slag conveying chute, a first carbide slag dry powder bin, a second carbide slag dry powder bin, a kiln tail high-temperature waste gas pipeline, a gas hot-blast stove, a high-temperature fan, an induced draft fan, a waste gas treatment device, a small discharge bin and a cement production batching bin, wherein the carbide slag incoming material conveying pipeline is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator, the V-shaped powder concentrator is connected with the upper SLK powder concentrator, the SLK powder concentrator is connected with the bag dust collector, and the bag dust collector is sequentially connected with the first carbide slag dry powder bin, the second carbide slag dry powder bin and the cement production batching bin through the finished carbide slag conveying chute; a single dust remover is arranged at the top of the second carbide slag dry powder bin and is sequentially connected with the second carbide slag dry powder bin and the first carbide slag dry powder bin; the bag dust collector is connected with the induced draft fan and the waste gas treatment device; the induced draft fan is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator; the other outlet of the SLK powder concentrator is connected with the small discharge bin; the kiln tail high-temperature waste gas pipeline is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator through a high-temperature fan; the furnace gas hot blast stove is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator.
As an improvement of the invention, the induced draft fan is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator through a circulating air pipe to supplement circulating hot air so as to achieve air quantity balance.
As an improvement of the invention, a fourth regulating valve is arranged between the induced draft fan and the waste gas treatment device.
As an improvement of the invention, a third regulating valve is arranged between the induced draft fan and the V-shaped powder concentrator.
As an improvement of the invention, the outlet of the furnace gas hot blast stove is provided with a first regulating valve.
As an improvement of the invention, the outlet of the high-temperature fan is provided with a second regulating valve.
A process for drying and selecting carbide slag by using high-temperature gas at the tail of a cement kiln comprises the following specific steps:
(1) conveying acetylene generator carbide slag of a chlor-alkali plant to a V-shaped powder concentrator through six pipelines under pneumatic force;
(2) feeding high-temperature waste gas at the tail of the cement kiln into a V-shaped powder concentrator by using a high-temperature fan to dry, scatter and grade the carbide slag obtained in the step (1);
(3) carrying the carbide slag in the V-shaped powder concentrator into an SLK powder concentrator by using high-temperature air to further dry and select powder;
(4) feeding the dried and powdered carbide slag finished product into a bag dust collector by using hot air for collection, and feeding the carbide slag finished product into a carbide slag dry powder bin for sale or a cement production batching bin for cement production;
(5) discharging coarse particle impurities separated by powder selection in the steps (2) and (3) into a small discharge bin, returning calcium carbide particles to an acetylene generator for reaction and recycling, and selling ferrosilicon;
(6) opening a third regulating valve to supplement circulating hot air when the air quantity is insufficient in the step (2);
(7) and (2) when the cement kiln is stopped, starting a furnace gas hot blast stove to supplement hot air to maintain the system to operate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the problem of the airtight storage safety of carbide slag is solved. The water content of the carbide slag after powder selection and drying is controlled to be below 1.0%, meanwhile, carbide particles are separated in the previous process, harmful gases such as acetylene mixed in the carbide slag are treated, and the safety risk caused by the acetylene gas in the carbide slag reservoir is thoroughly solved.
2. The problems that the carbide slag has high water content, the humidity of dust-containing gas is high during conveying and storage, and the bag type dust collector cannot effectively collect dust are solved, and the technical problem that the carbide slag storage warehouse in the chlor-alkali industry is difficult to control the dust emission is solved.
3. The fluidity of the carbide slag as the calcareous raw material for cement production is improved, the carbide slag after drying and powder selection contains less impurities, has small moisture and smooth material flow, is convenient for ingredient management, and improves the quality control of cement production.
4. The refined carbide slag can be used as a desulfurizer, and the economic value of the carbide slag is improved. Various physical and chemical indexes of the carbide slag after drying and powder selection meet the index requirements of a desulfurizing agent, and the carbide slag can be used as the desulfurizing agent, so that the economic value of the carbide slag is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a device for drying and selecting carbide slag by using high-temperature gas at the tail of a cement kiln;
list of reference numerals:
1. carbide slag supplied material conveying pipeline, 2, V-shaped powder concentrator, 3, SLK powder concentrator, 4, bag dust collector, 5, finished product carbide slag conveying chute, 6, first carbide slag dry powder bin, 7, second carbide slag dry powder bin, 8, single dust collector, 9, kiln tail high-temperature waste gas pipeline, 10, gas hot-blast stove, 11, first regulating valve, 12, high-temperature fan, 13, second regulating valve, 14, draught fan, 15, third regulating valve, 16, fourth regulating valve, 17, waste gas treatment device, 18, small discharge bin, 19, cement production batching storehouse.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative of the invention and not as limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in the figure, the device for drying and selecting the carbide slag by using the high-temperature gas at the tail of the cement kiln comprises a carbide slag incoming material conveying pipeline 1, a V-shaped powder selecting machine 2, an SLK powder selecting machine 3, a bag dust collector 4, a finished product carbide slag conveying chute 5, a first carbide slag dry powder bin 6, a second carbide slag dry powder bin 7, a kiln tail high-temperature waste gas pipeline 9, a coal gas hot blast stove 10, a high-temperature fan 12, an induced draft fan 14, a waste gas treatment device 17, an external small discharge bin 18 and a cement production batching bin 19, the carbide slag incoming material conveying pipeline 1 is connected with a V-shaped powder concentrator 2, the V-shaped powder concentrator 2 is connected with an upper SLK powder concentrator 3, the SLK powder concentrator 3 is connected with a bag dust collector 4, and the bag dust collector 4 is sequentially connected with a first carbide slag dry powder bin 6, a second carbide slag dry powder bin 7 and a cement production batching bin 19 through a finished carbide slag conveying chute 5; a single dust remover 8 is arranged at the top of the second carbide slag dry powder bin 7 and is sequentially connected with the second carbide slag dry powder bin 7 and the first carbide slag dry powder bin 6; the bag dust collector 4 is connected with an induced draft fan 14 and a waste gas treatment device 17; the induced draft fan 14 is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator 2; the SLK powder concentrator 3 is connected with the small discharge bin 18; the kiln tail high-temperature waste gas pipeline 9 is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator 2 through a high-temperature fan 12; the furnace gas hot blast stove 10 is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator 2.
When the device works, the carbide slag generated by the acetylene generator in the chlor-alkali plant is pneumatically conveyed to the V-shaped powder concentrator 2 through the six-way pipeline 1; feeding the high-temperature waste gas 9 at the tail of the cement kiln into a V-shaped powder concentrator 2 by using a high-temperature fan 12 to dry, scatter and grade the carbide slag; the carbide slag in the V-shaped powder concentrator 2 is brought into the SLK powder concentrator 3 by high-temperature air for further drying and powder concentration; then the dried and powdered carbide slag finished product is sent into a bag dust collector 4 by hot air for collection, and is sent into carbide slag dry powder bins 6 and 7 for sale or is sent into a cement production batching storehouse 19 for cement production; coarse particle impurities separated from the residual powder selection in the SLK powder selection machine 3 are discharged into a small discharge bin 18, calcium carbide particles are returned to an acetylene generator again for reaction and recycling, and ferrosilicon is sold; when the hot air quantity of the system is insufficient, the third regulating valve 15 is opened to supplement the circulating hot air; when the cement kiln is stopped, the furnace gas hot blast stove 10 can be started to supplement hot air to maintain the operation of the system.
The induced draft fan 14 is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator 2 through the circulating air pipe to supplement circulating hot air so as to achieve air quantity balance, and when the hot air quantity of the system is insufficient, the circulating air pipe supplements hot air to maintain the air balance of the system.
According to the invention, the first regulating valve 11 is arranged at the outlet of the furnace gas hot blast stove 10, and when the furnace gas hot blast stove is not started, the first regulating valve 11 is closed, so that air leakage of the system is prevented.
According to the invention, the outlet of the high-temperature fan 12 is provided with the second adjusting valve 13, and when the cement kiln is stopped, the second adjusting valve 13 is closed, so that air leakage of the system is prevented.
According to the invention, the third adjusting valve 15 is arranged between the induced draft fan 14 and the V-shaped powder concentrator 2, and when the hot air quantity of the system is sufficient, the third adjusting valve 15 can be closed, so that the air leakage of the system is prevented.
According to the invention, the fourth adjusting valve 16 is arranged between the induced draft fan 14 and the waste gas treatment device 17, when the hot air quantity of the system is insufficient, the fourth adjusting valve 16 can be closed, and the circulating air quantity of the system is increased to maintain the hot air balance.
The carbide slag drying and powder selecting device provided by the invention solves the problems of safety and environmental protection of a carbide slag warehouse, waste heat is efficiently utilized, waste materials are changed into valuable materials, and the device has multiple advantages of scientific overall arrangement, strong applicability, high added value and the like, and is worthy of industrial popularization.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an utilize device of cement kiln tail high temperature gas stoving and selection powder carbide slag which characterized in that: the system comprises a carbide slag incoming material conveying pipeline, a V-shaped powder concentrator, an SLK powder concentrator, a bag dust collector, a finished carbide slag conveying chute, a first carbide slag dry powder bin, a second carbide slag dry powder bin, a kiln tail high-temperature waste gas pipeline, a gas hot-blast stove, a high-temperature fan, an induced draft fan, a waste gas treatment device, a small discharge bin and a cement production batching bin, wherein the carbide slag incoming material conveying pipeline is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator, the V-shaped powder concentrator is connected with the SLK powder concentrator above the V-shaped powder concentrator, the SLK powder concentrator is connected with the bag dust collector, and the bag dust collector is sequentially connected with the first carbide slag dry powder bin, the second carbide slag dry powder bin and the cement production batching bin through the finished carbide slag conveying chute; a single dust remover is arranged at the top of the second carbide slag dry powder bin and is sequentially connected with the second carbide slag dry powder bin and the first carbide slag dry powder bin; the bag dust collector is connected with the induced draft fan and the waste gas treatment device; the induced draft fan is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator; the other outlet of the SLK powder concentrator is connected with the small discharge bin; the kiln tail high-temperature waste gas pipeline is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator through a high-temperature fan; the furnace gas hot blast stove is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator.
2. The device for drying and selecting the carbide slag by using the high-temperature gas at the tail of the cement kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the induced draft fan is connected with the V-shaped powder concentrator through a circulating air pipe.
3. The device for drying and selecting the carbide slag by using the high-temperature gas at the tail of the cement kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a fourth regulating valve is arranged between the induced draft fan and the waste gas treatment device.
4. The device for drying and selecting the carbide slag by using the high-temperature gas at the tail of the cement kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a third regulating valve is arranged between the induced draft fan and the V-shaped powder concentrator.
5. The device for drying and selecting the carbide slag by using the high-temperature gas at the tail of the cement kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a first regulating valve is arranged at the outlet of the furnace gas hot blast stove.
6. The device for drying and selecting the carbide slag by using the high-temperature gas at the tail of the cement kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a second regulating valve is arranged at the outlet of the high-temperature fan.
7. A process for drying and selecting carbide slag by utilizing high-temperature gas at the tail of a cement kiln is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) conveying acetylene generator carbide slag of a chlor-alkali plant to a V-shaped powder concentrator through six pipelines under pneumatic force;
(2) feeding high-temperature waste gas at the tail of the cement kiln into a V-shaped powder concentrator by using a high-temperature fan to dry, scatter and grade the carbide slag obtained in the step (1);
(3) carrying the carbide slag in the V-shaped powder concentrator into an SLK powder concentrator by using high-temperature air to further dry and select powder;
(4) feeding the dried and powdered carbide slag finished product into a bag dust collector by using hot air for collection, and feeding the carbide slag finished product into a carbide slag dry powder bin for sale or a cement production batching bin for cement production;
(5) discharging coarse particle impurities separated by powder selection in the steps (2) and (3) into a small discharge bin, returning calcium carbide particles to an acetylene generator for reaction and recycling, and selling ferrosilicon;
(6) opening a third regulating valve to supplement circulating hot air when the air quantity is insufficient in the step (2);
(7) and (2) when the cement kiln is stopped, starting a furnace gas hot blast stove to supplement hot air to maintain the system to operate.
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CN112207115A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-12 | 武汉科技大学 | Process for cooperatively treating medical waste by utilizing low-temperature pyrolysis dechlorination upgrading coupling cement kiln of hot flue gas |
CN115231316A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-10-25 | 山东大学 | Fluidized powder supply system and method based on waste gas and waste residue chilling steel slag |
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CN115231316B (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-20 | 山东大学 | Fluidized powder supply system and method based on waste gas and waste residue chilling steel slag |
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