CN111516624A - 车辆电源控制系统 - Google Patents

车辆电源控制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111516624A
CN111516624A CN202010079302.8A CN202010079302A CN111516624A CN 111516624 A CN111516624 A CN 111516624A CN 202010079302 A CN202010079302 A CN 202010079302A CN 111516624 A CN111516624 A CN 111516624A
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Prior art keywords
power supply
converter
vehicle
power
section
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Inventor
安德鲁·哈德森
约翰·安东尼·德马科
大卫·塞林斯克
法鲁克·莫齐普
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Publication of CN111516624A publication Critical patent/CN111516624A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/0307—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for using generators driven by a machine different from the vehicle motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/462—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc as a function of the requirements of the load, e.g. delay, temperature, specific voltage/current characteristic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1438—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle in combination with power supplies for loads other than batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0077—Plural converter units whose outputs are connected in series
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本公开提供了“车辆电源控制系统”。公开了用于从同一电源提供多个不同电压的车辆和车辆电源电路。一种示例性车辆包括电源、多个电气负载和电源电路。所述电源电路电连接到所述电源和所述多个电气负载。所述电源电路包括并联连接到所述电源的多个电源区段，每个电源区段包括DC‑DC转换器和与所述DC‑DC转换器串联的超级电容器，其中所述多个电源区段的所述超级电容器串联连接。

Description

车辆电源控制系统
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及车辆电子器件，并且更具体地涉及用于向车辆中需要不同电压的多个负载提供适当电压的电路。
背景技术
现代车辆包括需要使用不同的电压的许多功能和能力。例如，一些负载可能需要12V，而其他负载可能需要24V或某个其他电压。为了正常运行，车辆必须包括为每个负载提供适当电压的能力。
发明内容
所附权利要求限定了本申请。本公开概述实施例的各方面，并且不应当用于限制权利要求。如所属领域普通技术人员将根据以下附图和具体实施方式的审查显而易见的，根据本文所描述的技术可以设想其他实施方式，并且这些实施方式意图在本申请的范围内。
示出了示例性实施例，其描述了用于在不需要专用高电压源的情况下向不同负载提供不同电压的系统、设备和方法。一种示例性车辆包括电源、多个电气负载和电源电路。所述电源电路电连接到所述电源和所述多个电气负载。所述电源电路包括并联连接到所述电源的多个电源区段。每个电源区段包括DC-DC转换器和与所述DC-DC转换器串联的超级电容器，其中所述多个电源区段的所述超级电容器串联连接。
一种示例性车辆电源电路包括电源和并联连接到所述电源的多个电源区段。每个电源区段包括DC-DC转换器和与所述DC-DC转换器串联的超级电容器，其中所述多个电源区段的所述超级电容器串联连接。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明，可以参考以下附图中示出的实施例。附图中的部件不一定按比例绘制并且可以省略相关元件，或者在一些情况下，比例可能已经被放大以便强调和清楚地示出本文所描述的新颖特征。另外，系统部件可以按各种方式进行布置，如所属领域所周知。此外，在附图中，贯穿若干视图，相同的附图标记表示对应部件。
图1示出了根据本公开的实施例的示例性车辆。
图2示出了根据本公开的实施例的示例性车辆电源电路的示例性电路图。
图3示出了图2中所示的电路的一些部分的放大图。
具体实施方式
尽管本发明可以各种形式体现，但是在附图中示出并且在下文中将描述一些示例性和非限制性实施例，应当理解本公开被认为是本发明的实例而不是旨在将本发明限于所示的特定实施例。
如上所述，现代车辆可能包括需要不同电压的各种功能和能力。许多汽车充电和存储系统含有12V交流发电机/DC-DC转换器和12V起动照明点火(SLI)电池。汽车电气系统中引入大功率DC负载给交流发电机、电池和线束造成了越来越大的重量和成本负担。支持附加的大功率负载的一种可能方法可以是简单地向车辆添加12V交流发电机/DC-DC转换器和12V电池。然而，这种方法的缺点是增加了成本、尺寸和重量以及各种包装限制。另一种方法可以是增加大功率负载的工作电压，这继而减小所需电线尺寸，由此降低成本和重量。这种方法也可能有其自身的缺点。
本文公开的示例性实施例可以被配置为通过使用全部由常规的12V、24V、36V或48V系统充电的电池或电容器的单个串联串来使得分流电力网能够提供低电压和高电压(例如12V、24V、36V和48V)。
在一些示例中，可以使用一系列电源区段，每个电源区段包括至少DC-DC转换器和电力存储装置，诸如电池或超级电容器。多个区段可以并联连接到电源，使得同一电源可以为每个电力存储装置充电。另外，电力存储装置可以通过级联方式串联连接，使得区段的输出电压根据在电路中输出所连接的位置而相加在一起。这使得能够将需要各种电压的负载连接到区段的输出，并且单个电源电压可以用于供应所有各种输出电压。
图1示出了根据本公开的实施例的示例性车辆100。车辆100可以是标准汽油动力车辆、混合动力车辆、电动车辆、燃料电池车辆或任何其他移动性实施类型的车辆。车辆100可以为非自主的、半自主的或自主的。车辆100可以包括与移动性相关的部件，诸如具有发动机、变速器、悬架、驱动轴和/或车轮等的动力传动系统。在所示的示例中，车辆100可以包括一个或多个电子部件(下文关于图2和图3所描述的)。
如图1中所示，车辆100可以包括电源电路110、多个电气负载120A-D以及电源130。
下面将关于图2和图3更详细地描述电源电路110。多个电气负载120A-D可以是可以包括在车辆中的任何电气负载。例如，这可以包括各种灯、车窗、收音机、加热和冷却系统等等。每个负载可能需要标称工作电压。在两个负载需要不同工作电压的情况下，以紧凑方式提供那些工作电压可能是有益的。本文的实施例可以使得车辆能够在使用同一电源的同时向每个负载提供适当的工作电压(即，对于所需要的每个电压水平不需要单独的电源)。电源130可以包括车辆电池(例如，12V铅酸电池)和/或车辆交流发电机。
图2示出了电源电路110的示例性放大图。电源电路可以包括电源130、第一区段200、第二区段300、第一负载220A和第二负载220B。电源电路还可以包括与第二区段300类似或相同的位于第二区段300的顶部的一个或多个附加区段(图2中示出)。
关于电源130，如上所述，电源130可以包括交流发电机132和/或车辆电池134。交流发电机132和/或车辆电池134中的每一者可以被配置为提供12V标称输出。因此，电源可以用于供电以对各个区段200、300以及电路中所包括的任何附加电力区段进行充电。电源130也可以电连接到底盘接地线202。
每个区段200、300等可以被配置为提供12V标称输出。区段之间的布置和连接可以使得输出能够堆叠或相加在一起以便提供标称12V输出的倍数。
如图2中所示，区段200和300可以并联连接到电源130。每个区段可以经由专用DC-DC转换器独立充电，所述DC-DC转换器可以将来自电源的电压作为输入并具有较高输出的电压。
如图2中所示，第一区段200可以包括DC-DC转换器。如所示，尽管第一区段200的DC-DC转换器是降压-升压转换器，但是应当理解，也可以使用其他类型的转换器。在这种情况下可以选择降压-升压式转换器，这是因为第一区段200作为底盘接地线202的参照。
降压-升压转换器可以包括电容器204和216、晶体管206、208、212和214以及电感器210。这些部件的值可以是使得标称输出为12V的任何量。
在其他实施例中，每一级的电压可以是另一值而不是12V。在这些情况下，可以选择各种部件的值使得实现不同的标称输出电压。电源电路中的每个区段可以被配置为提供相同的标称输出电压，使得当负载耦合到给定区段时，负载所具有的电压是给定区段和所有下游区段的电压，从而产生第一区段200的标称电压的倍数。
第一区段200还包括超级电容器218。超级电容器218可以在具有低能量密度的同时提供大功率密度。在负载需要短时间的高功率密度的某些情况下，这可能是有益的。可选地，超级电容器218可以替代地是电池或其他电力存储介质，诸如铅酸电池或锂离子电池。在负载更适合高能量密度但低功率密度的情况下可以选择电池。这在负载需要持续较长时间的稳定电流的情况下尤其有用。
超级电容器218也可以被称为超电容器。图中的超级电容器218可以在超级电容器218的正端(即，如所示的顶侧)与底盘接地线202之间提供12V的标称电压。负载220A可以耦合在超级电容器218与底盘接地线之间。因此，负载220A可以是需要标称12V来操作的任何电气车辆负载。
第二电源区段300可以作为与第一区段的正端等效的人工接地点而不是底盘接地线202的参照。类似地，第三电源区段(未示出)可以与第二电源区段300类似或相同，并且可以作为第二电源区段300的正端的参照。并且每个连续的附加电源区段可以作为以下区段的正端的参照。因此，第二区段300的正端与底盘接地线之间的标称电压可以是24V(即，第一区段和第二区段的组合电压)，而第三区段的正端与底盘接地线之间的标称电压是36V(即，第一区段、第二区段和第三区段的组合电压)，以此类推。
第二电源区段300在图3中被放大示出。应当理解，在底盘接地线202的上游耦合的每个连续电源区段可以与电源区段300类似或相同。
第二电源区段300被示为具有三个级，包括初始升压级310、隔离级340和充电控制级370。初始升压级310可以包括第一DC-DC转换器。如图2和图3中所示，第一DC-DC转换器可以是简单的升压转换器，包括电容器312和320、电感器314以及晶体管316和318。第一DC-DC转换器可以将来自电源130的DC电压转换为更高的DC电压(例如，从12V输入转换为60V输出)。
第二电源区段300还可以包括功率因数校正级。功率因数校正级可以位于初始升压级与隔离级之间。
在一些示例中，所有电源区段在升压级(例如，降压-升压、升压等)中可以包括相同类型的DC-DC转换器。在其他示例中，第一区段200可以包括第一类型的DC-DC转换器(例如，降压-升压)，而第二电源区段300和/或所有其他电源区段可以包括第二种不同类型的DC-DC转换器(例如，升压)。DC-DC转换器中的每一者可以彼此独立。
隔离级340可以将来自升压级310的输出DC电压转换为AC电压。这可以使用如图2和图3中所示的晶体管(342、344、346和348)的全H桥配置来完成。可选地，可以使用一个或多个其他电路元件来将来自初始升压级310的DC电压转变为AC电压。
隔离级340还可以包括隔离变压器350。图2和图3中的变压器350可以是具有初级线圈和次级线圈的1:1变压器。变压器可以将AC电从初级线圈传输到次级线圈。
隔离级340还可以包括整流器，所述整流器可以将来自变压器350的次级线圈的AC电压转换为DC电压。如图2和图3中所示，整流器包括全桥整流器，所述全桥整流器包括如所示连接的二极管352、354、356和358。应当理解，也可以使用其他类型的整流器。隔离级340还可以包括平滑电容器360。
充电控制级370可以包括第二DC-DC转换器(例如，降压转换器)和控制回路(即，晶体管372、374、电感器376、二极管378)以及超级电容器380。充电控制级370可以将来自隔离级的高电压转换为级300的标称输出电压(即，作为第一级的参照的12V)。
在超级电容器380的正侧之间参照充电控制级的输出。超级电容器380的负侧连接到电源区段200的超级电容器218的正侧。
类似地，第三区段的第三超级电容器(未示出)的负侧连接到超级电容器380的正侧。
因此，第一、第二和任何附加功率级的超级电容器彼此串联连接，最终使得电源区段的电压输出相对于底盘接地线堆叠或相加在一起。
这种布置可以被称为电源区段的分层或级联布置。另外，第一区段200可以被称为在第二区段300的下游，这是指第一区段耦合到底盘接地线的事实。上游可以指代具有超级电容器的区段，所述超级电容器进一步从底盘接地线202中移除。
给定电源区段或目标电源区段与底盘接地线202之间的电压是该区段的相应超级电容器的正侧与底盘接地线之间的电压。因此，在对应的超级电容器的正侧与底盘接地线之间的给定区段的输出电压是目标电源区段加上所有下游电源区段的组合电压。
在一些示例中，电源电路可以包括第一、第二、第三和第四电源区段。因此，相应的超级电容器与底盘接地线之间的标称输出可以是12V、24V、36V和48V。所述输出可能是由于以下事实：第一区段作为底盘接地线的参照，第二区段作为第一区段的参照，第三区段作为第二区段的参照，并且第四区段作为第三区段的参照。应当理解，在电源电路中可以包括更多或更少的区段。
在本申请中，反义连词的使用意图包括连接词。定冠词或不定冠词的使用并不意图指示基数。特别地，对“所述”对象或“一”和“一个”对象的引用也意图表示可能的多个此类对象中的一个。此外，连词“或”可以用来传达同时存在的特征而非相互排斥的替代方案。换句话说，连接词“或”应被理解为包括“和/或”。术语“包括”(“includes”、“including”和“include”)是包含性的，并且分别具有与“包括”(“comprises”、“comprising”和“comprise”)相同的范围。
上述实施例以及特别是任何“优选的”实施例是实施方式的可能示例，并且仅被阐述用于清楚地理解本发明的原理。在实质上未脱离本文中描述的技术的精神和原理的情况下，可以对上述一个或多个实施例进行许多变化和修改。所有修改都意图包括在本公开的范围内并且由所附权利要求保护。
在本发明的一方面，所述DC-DC转换器是第一DC-DC转换器，并且其中所述充电控制级包括：第二DC-DC转换器；电感器；以及超级电容器。
根据一个实施例，所述多个电源区段以分层布置耦合，使得第一电源区段从第二电源区段朝向接地线耦合到下游，其中：目标电源区段与接地线之间的电压输出是所述目标电源区段加上所有下游电源区段的组合电压。
根据一个实施例，第一电源区段作为接地线的参照。
根据一个实施例，第二电源区段作为所述第一电源区段的参照。
根据一个实施例，第三电源区段作为所述第二电源区段的参照，并且其中第四电源区段作为所述第三电源区段的参照。

Claims (15)

1.一种车辆，其包括：电源；
多个电气负载；以及
电源电路，其电连接到所述电源和所述多个电气负载，所述电源电路包括：
并联连接到所述电源的多个电源区段，每个电源区段包括：
DC-DC转换器；以及
与所述DC-DC转换器串联的超级电容器，其中所述多个电源区段的所述超级电容器串联连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述电源包括交流发电机。
3.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中每个超级电容器独立地充电，并且其中每个电源区段包括独立的DC-DC转换器。
4.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述多个电源区段中的每一者还包括隔离级和充电控制级。
5.如权利要求4所述的车辆，其中所述隔离级包括：
DC-AC转换器；
变压器；
整流器；以及
平滑电容器。
6.如权利要求4所述的车辆，其中所述DC-DC转换器是第一DC-DC转换器，并且其中所述充电控制级包括：
第二DC-DC转换器；
电感器；以及
所述超级电容器。
7.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述多个电源区段以分层布置耦合使得第一电源区段从第二电源区段朝向接地线耦合到下游，其中：
目标电源区段与接地线之间的电压输出是所述目标电源区段加上所有下游电源区段的组合电压。
8.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中：
第一电源区段作为接地线的参照，
第二电源区段作为所述第一电源区段的参照，并且每个连续电源区段作为相邻下游电源区段的参照。
9.一种车辆电源电路，其包括：
电源；以及
并联连接到所述电源的多个电源区段，每个电源区段包括：
DC-DC转换器；以及
与所述DC-DC转换器串联的超级电容器，其中所述多个电源区段的所述超级电容器串联连接。
10.如权利要求9所述的车辆电源电路，其中所述电源包括交流发电机。
11.如权利要求9所述的车辆电源电路，其中每个超级电容器独立地充电，并且其中每个电源区段包括独立的DC-DC转换器。
12.如权利要求9所述的车辆电源电路，其中所述多个电源区段中的每个DC-DC转换器是相同类型的转换器。
13.如权利要求9所述的车辆电源电路，其中第一电源区段的第一DC-DC转换器是第一类型的DC-DC转换器，并且其中第二电源区段的第二DC-DC转换器是与所述第一类型的DC-DC转换器不同的第二类型的DC-DC转换器。
14.如权利要求9所述的车辆电源电路，其中所述多个电源区段中的每一者还包括隔离级和充电控制级。
15.如权利要求14所述的车辆电源电路，其中所述隔离级包括：
DC-AC转换器；
变压器；
整流器；以及
平滑电容器。
CN202010079302.8A 2019-02-04 2020-02-03 车辆电源控制系统 Pending CN111516624A (zh)

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