CN1115141A - 一个用于宽带通信网的信令系统 - Google Patents
一个用于宽带通信网的信令系统 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
- H04Q11/0428—Integrated services digital network, i.e. systems for transmission of different types of digitised signals, e.g. speech, data, telecentral, television signals
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- H04Q3/0029—Provisions for intelligent networking
- H04Q3/0045—Provisions for intelligent networking involving hybrid, i.e. a mixture of public and private, or multi-vendor systems
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- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5625—Operations, administration and maintenance [OAM]
- H04L2012/5626—Network management, e.g. Intelligent nets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13149—Change of provider, e.g. network or service
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- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13547—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems subscriber, e.g. profile, database, database access
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Abstract
使一个通信服务提供者独立于a)控制用于特定通信服务的本地回路的传送公司,和b)这些服务的提供者来选择信令提供者的网络体系结构。一旦建立了从一用户终端设备到信令提供者网络的信令连接,后者便从由用户选择的服务提供者处请求那些服务从而通过传送提供者的本地回路传送这些服务。
Description
本发明涉及通信系统。
对于多数通信服务,当前的通信网体系结构限制了用户自由选择服务和/或服务提供者的能力。例如,许多用户被限制只从为用户居住的地理区域的通信公司,如本地电话公司或有线电视公司接收本地通信服务。这样,那些用户被限制在由其本地公司单独或结合其它公司所提供的服务上。对于某些其它如长途或蜂窝通信业务那样的通通信服务,用户在服务提供者的选择上通常有更大的自由。然而,目前通信网络体系结构的呆板性妨碍了用户针对一特定服务自由地综合和比较不同公司的特性。这样,当前的问题是缺乏灵活的通信体系结构不允许用户以逐个呼叫或预订的方式选择竞争公司的特性或服务。
现有技术的另一个问题是具有进/出多个竞争公司的装置的终端用户不能确定一个具体的所要从中接受输入通信服务的公司。
我们已认识到上述现有技术中的问题的根本原因可归溯为终端用户交换结点和终端用户信令系统的逻辑依赖性。确切地讲,终端用户交换结点发出,处理和中止终端用户装置的信令消息。由于这种依赖性,用户信令的终端结点通常是由一个象本地电信交换公司(LEC),蜂窝通信提供者或有线电视公司这样的通信公司管理和拥有的交换系统。这样,控制与用户终端设备相联的本地回路的通信公司也控制用于由用户通过该回路接受或请求的通信服务的信令消息的性质和类型。因而,用户是在用户可用的通信服务种类和功能的回路控制的通信公司(传输提供者)的控制下。
本发明指出了一种通信网络体系结构,该结构允许用户不依赖于a)控制具体通信服务的本地回路的传输公司,和b)那些服务提供者独立地选择信令提供者。根据本发明的原理,由用户的终端设备所请求的或以其为对象的与通信服务相关的双向信令消息未经处理即被发给由用户选择的信令提供者。接着信令提供者向用户选择的服务提供者请求那些服务。
在本发明的一个最优实施例中,一个用户通过一个传送提供者网络建立了一个到他或她选择的信令提供者结点的连接。信令提供者处理呼叫建立信令消息以确定用户希望得到的连接和服务的类型。接着信令提供者查询一个有关包含在信令消息中的终端类型和用户标识信息的分布。该分布通过一个表查找操作指明用户选择的具体特征和服务提供者。用户以预约或逐个呼叫的方式选择服务提供者。在后一种情况中,需要把服务提供者标识信息包含在呼叫建立信令消息中。一旦确定了合适的服务提供者,信令提供者结点则开始并向服务提供者网络的每个信令结点均发送服务请求信号以建立用于用户呼叫的正确的连接。若用户服务请求仅限于信息查询,则由服务提供者通过由上述表查询操作确定的接入传送提供者的设施把查询到的信息传送给用户。
若用户请求了交互通话服务,则用户的信令提供者与每个被叫方的信令提供者通信以对每个具有到多个传送提供者的进/出设备的被叫方的入站通信服务确定所选的传送提供者。一旦针对各被呼用户确定了传出传送提供者,则用户的信令提供者通过每个被叫方的传送提供者的本地回路(和其它的回路,若需要)在用户和每个被叫方之间建立合适的连接。
图1为说明体现本发明原理的窄带通信系统的模块图;
图2给出了根据本发明原理构造的宽带通信系统的模块图;
图3给出了一张说明存储在一个信令提供者网络的用户分布的表格;和
图4为一个描述在完成图1或图2的通信系统中的呼叫的方法中的步骤的逻辑序列的流图。
图1示出了体现本发明原理的窄带通信系统的模块图。图1中所示的窄带通信系统被构造以从信令和传送方面支持窄带综合业务数字网(N—ISDN)标准。图1中所示的是传送提供者和本地服务提供者网络100,110,180和190;长途服务提供者网络130和140;多媒体服务提供者网络150和160;和信令提供者网络120和170。本地传送提供者和本地服务提供者网络100,110,180和190可以是本地电信交换公司(LEC),有线电视公司网络,蜂窝电话网络或上述机构的组合。传送提供者和本地服务提供者网络100,110,180和190的主要特点之一是它们把本地回路提供给用户住宅的终端用户设备。
在图1中,用户设备如电话机101,处理器102和可视电话103通过相应的基本速率接口(BRI)进/出链路109,108和107分别与多路复用器/多路分解器104相连。如本领域中所共知的,N—ISDN传送标准之一就是基本速率接口(BRI)指标,它定义了通过双线或四线数字用户回路发送和接收的多路复用数字信息(用户信息和信令信息)的操作参数。通过该回路接收和发送的数字信息在逻辑上被划分两个用于用户信息的承载(B)信道和一个用于信令信息的数据(D)信道。在这些信道上的数据的逻辑划分在本领域中通称作“2B+D接口”。这种接口也由把终端用户设备111—113连接到多数复用器/多路分解器114的进/出链路117—119支持。BRI进/出链路也分别被提供给终端用户设备181—183和191—193的多路复用器/多路分解器184和194。终端用户设备101到103,111到113,181到183和191到193是ISDN兼容设备,用来分组通过D信道传送的信令消息以开始与其它ISDN兼容设备的通信。多路复用器/多路分解器104—114和184—194对通过D信道接收的信令数据进行多路分解并把这些信号分别传递给信令结点121和171。以终端用户设备为目的地的用户信息通过进/出链路的B信道被发送给那些设备。由终端用户设备接收的用户信息被多路复用器/多路分解器104—114和184—194分别传送到交换机106—116和186—196上。这些交换机是软件驱动,处理器控制的电话系统,以将呼叫从一个交换机传送到另一个交换机或到终端用户设备。一个周知的本地服务提供者交换机是在AT&T技术杂志,Vol.64,No.6,part2,pp.1305—1564,7/8月,1985年中描述的AT&T N.5ESS。
图1中也给出包含一个信令服务提供者结点(此后称作SSP)121(171)和一个长途交换机122(172)的信令提供者网络120(170)。后述的交换机比如可以使用一个AT&T No.4ESS实现,是一个主要和其它长途交换机或中心局交换机通信的由软件驱动,处理器控制的交换系统。SSP结点121(171)完成三种基本功能。首先,SSP结点121(171)是从终端用户接收,和发向终端用户设备的所有信令消息的接入和传出点。其次,SSP结点121(171)根据由用户请求的服务处理所收到的向合适的服务提供者请求必要的信令消息。而且,该结点通过其它信令结点和图1的网络中的交换机和处理机交换信令消息。尽管为了简化起见,SSP结点121(171)在图1中为了一个物理结点,但可以理解到SSP结点121(171)可以包含在信令提供者网络120中的多个互连节点,根据基于ISDN的信令规范协议切换信令信息。
图1也公开了与SSP结点121(171)相连的用户数据库123(173)。用户数据库123(173)是一个具有包含由各用户选择的特定服务提供者的地址的大容量存储器的计算机系统。下面提供了对在数据库123(173)中存储信息的格式的详细描述。
图1中也给出了长途服务提供者网络130(140)和多媒体服务提供者150(160)。长途服务提供者网络130(140)包括通过传输系统内部互连的长途交换机131(141),132(142)和133(143)。长途服务提供者网络130(140)被安排用来把呼叫接通到信令服务结点134(144)(此后称作SSN)从SSP结点121或171所接收的目的地地址。类似地,多媒体服务提供者网络150(160)通过SSN154(164)接收目的地地址。多媒体服务提供者网络150(160)可以包含,比如,一个信息库如数据库,数字化图像信息和数字语音邮件系统。用户希望在多媒体服务提供者网络150(160)中存取一特定类型的存储信息,把寻址信提供给其信令提供者网络,该网络通过SSN154(164)向多媒体服务提供者网络150(160)请求到目标服务的连接。
图2给出了一个根据本发明的原理构造的宽带通信系统的模块图。在图2中,终端用户设备201(202)与分别两个传送提供者网络206和203(250和220)相连。终端用户设备201是一个配备有摄像机和电话装置的电视和工作站一体化设备,用来处理语音数据,图像和视频图像形式的信息。与终端用户设备201(202)相连的传送提供者网络206和203(220和250)分别包括异步传输模式(ATM)交换机2061和2031(2501和2101)。后述的交换机是由路由选择的逻辑通道的切换光纤组成的,具有定长单元(分组),数字的,自主路由的交换机系统,所述逻辑通道由与应用或介质无关的标题来指示。ATM交换机2061和2031(2501和2101)也包括a)用来终止与终端用户设备201(202)相连的入站的ATM线路2030(2500)和2060(2200)的线路卡(未给出),和b)终止在ATM交换机2031(2101)和2071(2501)之间提供通道连接的中继设备2032和2072(2502和2072)的中继卡。ATM交换机2031(2501)和2061(2201)中也包括如多路复用/多路分解模块和交叉连接硬件(未示出)这样的部件。这些部件被安排来把低速输入业务(从与终端用户设备201和202相连的线路卡处接收的)复用到支持CCITT宽带标准定义的虚路经和虚电路连接的高速交换光纤上。具体地讲,CCITT标准提供了将要预置(prepend)到各单元的路由选择标题。每个单元的标题包括存储虚通道指示(VCI)和虚路经指示数据的多个字段。VPI数据标识一个在两个终结点之间的物理传输路径的逻辑通道(可被再分成由VCI数据标识的较低带宽的逻辑通道)。CCITT标准还描述了一个查询表,以在从一通道连接(在两个交换结点之间)把一单元传输到另一通道连接之前把各单元的UPI/VCI输入对映射到对应的VPI/VCI输出对。这样,一个虚通道连接被定义为在由那些交换机中的查询表所确定的各对交换机之间所有独立通道链路的关联。如果,例如,信令提供者网络207被设备201的用户选作所有由设备201请求的服务的“信令代理”,则由信令提供者网络处理所有由终端用户201启始或以其为目的地的信令消息。
在该例中,虚通道连接被用于传输用户实际数据(负载)以及发向由用户选定的信令提供者的用户信令信息。尽管国际标准化组织仍在制定用于信令消息的协议,但可以明确的是ATM适配层(AAL)将被用于信令消息。这样,信令消息将以单元或帧的形式装载在所有介于终端用户设备和ATM交换机或任何网络中智能结点间的信令连接(点对点或多点)上。
在信令提供者207和210中也分别包括数据库2072和2102。这些数据库存储标识由用户选择的具体服务提供者和特性的信令提供者分布信息。下面进一步详细描述存储在数据库2072和2102中的信息的类型。
信令提供者网络207和210被用来a)从终端用户设备201和202接收进入服务的信令请求并b)建立到用户选择的由终端用户分布确定的服务提供者的合适连接。尽管信令提供者网络207和210被示出为分离且独立的网络,然而可以理解信令提供者网络207和210的能力可以被包含在多媒体服务提供者网络209,208或长途服务提供者网络205,230中。
图2也描述了长途提供者网络205和230。后者为包括由传输设施内部互连的ATM交换机构成以建立用户请求的多媒体连接的通信系统。为了简明起见,用单个交换机2051和2301分别表示在长途提供者网络205和230中的ATM交换机。可以通过长途提供者网络205和230建立的多媒体连接包括音频(低和高保真度),视频(高和低带宽动态画面)和图像(高带宽扫描图像)。这些多媒体连接允许在两个地区间提供宽带多媒体电话服务。长途服务提供者网络205(230)也可用来在两个以上地区间提供视频和音频电信会议服务。
图2中也说明了多媒体服务提供者网络208和209。多媒体服务提供者网络208(209)包括一个服务控制点2081(2091)和一个数据库2082(2092)。服务控制点2081(2091)是一个被用来识别由一用户请求的具体多媒体服务并形成一个发送给数据库2082(2092)以检索用户想得到的特定信息集合的查询的预处理器。因而,服务控制点2081(2091)用作信令提供者网络207,210和数据库2082(2092)之间的界面。服务控制点2081(2091)也在数据库2082(2092)和用户之间提供了人机界面。数据库2082(2092)是一个包含有如医疗图像(X射线和MRI数据),动画,视频邮件消息等等那样的带宽增强数字化图像信息的处理器控制的大容量存储设备。
图3给出了一个说明存储在信令提供者的网络中的用户分布的表格。图3的表格中包括在四个主要标题下被分组的信息,即用户地址,传送/服务提供者,入站服务和出站服务。用户地址字段通常标识一个用户的电话号码。而对于数据检索服务,物理端口标识号也可被用作用户地址。
在传送/服务提供者标题下又被分成进入、传出和长途三部分。每段包括语音和多媒体两个字段。在所有三个部分中的语音字段指示出由用户选定的,如普通电话,语音频带数据,低带宽视频服务(每秒低于64千位)等等这样的通信服务的传送/服务提供者。多媒体字段标识了由用户选择的在两个被用于混合语音,数据和视频应用的集合(B)信道上的通信服务的特定的多媒体服务/传送提供者。进入和传出部分标识由用户选定的用于接收语音或多媒体通信服务的传送提供者。例如,用户—1已选定a)他/她的本地电信交换公司作为入/出本地电话服务的传送提供者,和b)蒙毛斯(Monmouth)有线电视公司作为多媒体服务的入/出传送提供者。长途部分标识出由用户选定的用于语音和多媒体长途服务的服务/传送提供者。例如,用户—2已选定使用美国Sprint和Iridium公司分别作为语音和多媒体服务的长途服务提供者。用户—1已选定AT&T作为语音和多媒体服务的长途服务提供者。在所有三个部分中的语音字段指示出由用户选择的象普通电话,语音频带数据,低带宽视频服务(低于每秒64千位)等等这样的通信服务的传送/服务提供者。多媒体服务涉及在两个被用于混合语音,数据和视频应用的集合(B)信道上的通信服务。
图3中也给出了入站服务标题。该标题又被划分成由用户选定的特定的入站呼叫特性。为了简明的目的,在图3中只把呼叫等待和语音邮件作为入站呼叫特性给出。可以理解如呼叫转移,呼叫限制和呼叫重定向这样的其它入站呼叫特性也可以作为用户分布的一部分。
用户也可在他/她的分布中包含想得到的出站呼叫的特性。这些特性在图3中被以语音和视频服务的服务质量字段示出。例如,用户2选择了高质量的语音和视频服务,对于一普通电话呼叫通过使用点到点全集合信道(64千位而不是56千位)可以在N—ISDN环境中实现音频服务的高质量。在宽带环境中,高质量音频服务需要高保真的呼叫特性。在宽带ISDN环境中高质量视频需要使用视频连接的高清晰度电视(HDTV)标准,而不是低带宽增强型全图象电视标准委员会(NTSC)标准。
图4为描述在用于在图1的N—ISDN通信系统和图2的宽带通信网络中完成呼叫的说明性方法中的逻辑步骤序列的流图。本方法开始于步骤401,比如此时在设备113(图1)或设备201(图2)处的用户拨出被叫用户号码产生视频呼叫。该号码的拨出产生一个要发送给用户预选定的信令服务提供者的信令消息。例如,在图1中,一个Q.931或(可选地)ISUP信息消息通过回路117的信令信道(D信道或SS7链路)和多路复用器/多路分解器114被发送到信令服务提供者120的SSP结点121。当使用ISUP协议时,该信令信息消息被装载到消息传送部分(MTP)分组中,以使多路复用器/多路分解器114直接把信令消息路由到SSP结点121。类似地,当使用Q.931协议时,信令信息消息被装载到D信道上“链路存取过程”(LAPD)分组中,以使多路复用器/多路分解器114使用周知的帧中继交换技术把信令消息路由到SSP结点121。对于图2,信令消息是一种包含在一个或多个基于单元的VP1/VC2通过传送提供者网络203或206被路由到信令提供者207处的ATM单元中的Q.93B消息。
当接到信令消息时,在步骤402信令提供者网络从消息中取出信息以标识呼叫方地址或号码,被请求的服务和被叫方地址或号码。例如在图1中,SSP结点121从MTP(LAPD)分组中抽取ISUP(Q.931)信息消息并识别呼叫用户。请求的服务和被叫用户。类似地在图2中,标题和ATM适配层(AAL)相关位被忽略以标识所请求的服务和呼叫方与被叫方的地址。
在步骤403信令提供者结点接着查询所连的数据库以识别所有与被请求服务相关且被用户预先选择的特定特征。在图1中,SSP结点121查询数据库123以确定用户是否已预订这些特征中的任一个。在图2中,ATM交换机2071查询数据库2072以得知上述特征。这种确定是根据图3中说明的用户分布而得出的。此后,在步骤404识别出被叫方的信令提供者。可以使用两种可选的方法来识别被叫方的信令提供者。被呼方的信令提供者地址可以存储在图1的数据库123或图2的数据库2072中,因而使用被叫方号码作为检索关键的数据库搜索可以识别出被叫方的信令提供者。可选地,涉及被叫方信令提供者的信息可以被包含在由信令提供者网络120或207接收的信令消息中的被拨号码中。例如,在图3中若AT&T为用户—1的信令提供者,一个想接通呼叫到用户—1的呼叫用户将拨出以X288打头的用户—1号码,其中“X”为0到9之间的一个数字,288对应于拨号盘上的字母A,T,T。
一旦识别出被叫方的信令提供者,在步骤405主叫方的信令提供者网络向被叫方的信令提供者发送信令消息以指示所请求的要提供给被叫方的服务。在图1中,SSP121向被叫方SSP结点,本情况下为SSP171发送一个ISUP信息消息。该消息被装载到MTP分组中通过中间SSP(若有)路由到SSP171。在图2中,ATM交换机2071向被叫方信令提供者发送一个B—ISUP消息,在本例中为指示提供给被叫方的特定的服务的ATM交换机2104。值得注意的是当呼叫方和被叫方用户具有一公共的信令提供者时步骤405可被略去。
在步骤406信令提供者网络查询其数据库以识别任一与提供给被叫方的服务相关的预选的功能。例如,在图1中,SSP结点171查询数据库173以确定a)由被叫方选定的传出传送提供者和b)对于入站呼叫由被叫方预选的特性。类似地在图2中,ATM交换机2071查询数据库2072以确定相关的特性和被叫方预选的传送提供者。
在步骤407,通过识别由被叫方预选的传送提供者的地址和与提供给被叫方的服务相关的具体特性、被叫方信令提供者网络响应呼叫方信令提供者网络的消息。说明性地,在图1中SSP结点171向SSP结点121发送一个包含被叫方信令提供者地址信息和入站呼叫特性路由信息(如果有)的ISUP信息消息。对于图2,ATM交换机2104向ATM交换机2071发送一个B—ISUP消息,包含由被叫方预选的传送提供者的地址和与该服务相关的任何特性。
收到来自被叫方信令提供者的信令消息时,主叫方的信令提供者便拥有所有在调用呼叫方所请求的服务和提供这些服务时所需的信息。因而在步骤408,主叫方的信令提供者网络向主叫方和被叫方的合适的服务提供者发送一个信令消息以在双方之间建立起连接。在图1中,SSP121向传送提供者的接入交换机(在本例中,接入交换机116)发送一个信息消息从而在主叫方和被叫方之间建立一个连接。接入交换机116通过产生一个到终端用户设备113的IAM消息来截取来自主叫方的入站线路117。接着接入交换机116向交换机112发送一个IAM信令消息,而交换机112接着把消息传递给长途提供者的交换机,比如,交换机133。后者通过长途服务提供者网络把IAM消息传递给交换机172和出站交换机186。或者,当在其间交换信令消息之后,可以在交换机116与133之间以及/或在交换机186与133之间建立通过一链路连通的直接连接。在ISUP应答消息返回到入站交换机116后,呼叫以普通方式得到完成。
在图2中连接是通过ATM交换机2071发送a)呼叫请求信令消息给涉及用户请求的服务的预先选择的服务提供者,和b)连接请求信令消息到由被叫方预先选择的传送提供者来建立的。例如,ATM交换机2071可提交a)一个给多媒体服务提供者208的SCP2081的呼叫请求,和b)一个到传送提供者220的连接请求以建立到用户202的视频连接。
若需给呼叫增加额外的信令消息,比如,一个第三方,则在步骤409中,这些消息被直接送给上述图1的SSP结点121或171或者是图2的ATM交换机2071或2104。
前面仅对本发明进行了说明。尽管其中没有显示地给出或描述,但本领域的技术人员能够从中导出许多体现本发明原理且不偏离其宗旨和范围的方案。
Claims (9)
1. 一个通信网络,它包括:
至少一个把未经处理的信令消息传送给用户设备的信令结点,上述信令结点在由用户预先选定的信令提供者控制下进行操作;
至少一个服务结点,用于在请求该信令结点时,提供至少一个通信服务给用户设备,上述服务结点在由用户选择的服务提供者控制下进行操作;和
一个传送系统,该系统传送a)从至少一个信令结点到用户设备的信令消息,和b)从至少一个服务结点到用户设备的通信服务,上述传送系统在逻辑上与信令提供者无关的传送提供者控制下进行操作。
2. 如权利要求1所述的发明,其中上述服务提供者由上述用户以逐个呼叫的方式来选择。
3. 如权利要求1所述的发明,其中上述服务提供者由上述用户预先选定。
4. 如权利要求1所述的发明,其中还包括:
在一或多个其它信令提供者控制下在上述用户的信令结点和一个或多个其它特定信令结点间交换信令消息的装置,其中该信令提供者由一或多个其它的和上述用户的终端设备要与之通信的一或多个其它的终端设备相关的用户预先选择;和
建立一或多个用于在上述用户的终端设备和上述一或多个其它终端设备间的通信的端到端路由的装置。
5. 如权利要求4所述的发明,其中还包括:
用于确定由上述一个或多个其它用户预选的入站通信以建立所述一个或多个端到端路由的装置。
6. 如权利要求4所述的发明,其中上述确定装置包括:
从预存在与一个或多个其它信令结点相连的数据库中的分布中识别出服务提供者地址的装置。
7. 一个在通信网络中在一个呼叫者和服务提供者之间完成一次呼叫的方法,上述方法包括如下步骤:
建立一个从呼叫方到由呼叫方预选的信令提供者的结点的信令连接,该连接通过把未经变化的上述呼叫方信令消息传递给信令提供者结点的传送提供者结点来建立;
在上述信令提供者结点上通过根据信令消息确定a)至少一种由呼叫方请求的通信服务,和b)一个相关的上述通信服务的提供者来处理上述信令消息;和
通过上述传送提供者结点在上述通信服务提供者和上述呼叫方之间完成呼叫。
8. 如权利要求7所述的发明,其中上述通信服务提供者由上述呼叫方以逐个呼叫的方式来选择。
9. 如权利要求7所述的发明,其中呼叫被直接传送到一个或多个被叫用户,上述方法还包括下述步骤:
建立一个从呼叫方信令结点到由信令消息中地址信息标识的被叫方信令结点的信令连接;
对于发到被叫方的入站通信服务,在被呼方信令结点处确定由被叫方预选的传送提供者的地址;和
使用呼叫方服务提供者设备和被呼方选定的传送提供者设备完成呼叫。
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-
1993
- 1993-12-09 US US08/164,514 patent/US5473679A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1994
- 1994-10-08 TW TW083109350A patent/TW247983B/zh active
- 1994-10-18 CA CA002118352A patent/CA2118352C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-11-25 BR BR9404748A patent/BR9404748A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-11-28 KR KR1019940031423A patent/KR100317863B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-11-30 EP EP94308849A patent/EP0658063A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-11-30 SG SG1996000862A patent/SG72607A1/en unknown
- 1994-12-02 CZ CZ943038A patent/CZ303894A3/cs unknown
- 1994-12-02 NZ NZ270053A patent/NZ270053A/en unknown
- 1994-12-02 HU HU9403456A patent/HUT71562A/hu unknown
- 1994-12-02 AU AU79183/94A patent/AU681715B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-12-08 JP JP30453094A patent/JPH07203022A/ja active Pending
- 1994-12-08 CN CN94112908A patent/CN1115141A/zh active Pending
- 1994-12-08 PL PL94306175A patent/PL306175A1/xx unknown
- 1994-12-09 RU RU94043810/09A patent/RU94043810A/ru unknown
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HUT71562A (en) | 1995-12-28 |
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CA2118352A1 (en) | 1995-06-10 |
KR950022448A (ko) | 1995-07-28 |
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AU7918394A (en) | 1995-06-15 |
JPH07203022A (ja) | 1995-08-04 |
KR100317863B1 (ko) | 2002-04-24 |
CA2118352C (en) | 2000-04-25 |
HU9403456D0 (en) | 1995-02-28 |
PL306175A1 (en) | 1995-06-12 |
RU94043810A (ru) | 1996-10-20 |
CZ303894A3 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
EP0658063A3 (en) | 1997-07-02 |
SG72607A1 (en) | 2000-05-23 |
US5473679A (en) | 1995-12-05 |
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