CN111510186A - Aperiodic planar sparse light-controlled phased array transmitting antenna system - Google Patents
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- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/484—Transmitters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems
- G01S7/4911—Transmitters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-periodic planar sparse light-controlled phased array transmitting antenna system, which belongs to the technical field of phased array antenna design and comprises a plurality of adjustable lasers, a plurality of electro-optical modulators, a light beam combiner, an optical amplifier, an optical beam splitter, a plurality of dispersive optical fibers, a plurality of photoelectric detectors and a non-periodic planar sparse transmitting antenna array. The antenna array element position is optimized through a covariance matrix self-adaptive adjustment evolution strategy algorithm, on the premise of meeting the sidelobe level, the non-periodicity of the antenna array element distribution and the reduction of the number of the antenna array elements are realized, and the manufacturing cost of the antenna is effectively reduced; and the light-operated phased array system based on the microwave photon link is adopted to realize microwave signal delay, relatively fixed delay amount can be realized in a very wide microwave frequency band, and the problem of beam inclination of the transmitting phased array antenna when the working frequency band is wide is effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phased array antenna design, in particular to a non-periodic planar sparse light-controlled phased array transmitting antenna system.
Background
The array antenna has the advantages of large output signal power, long detection distance and the like through the regular distribution of a large number of array elements, so that the array antenna is widely applied to radar and other applications; the phased array antenna can flexibly change the beam direction of the antenna in a specific airspace through space beam scanning instead of the traditional mechanical rotation mode, so that the accurate identification and tracking of targets in the airspace are realized, wherein the cost, the frequency bandwidth and the sidelobe level are important parameters for measuring the performance of the phased array antenna.
In the traditional array antenna with a full periodic array, each antenna array element is arranged periodically, and the distance between two adjacent array elements is half wavelength of working frequency; the traditional array antenna design method has the advantages that the number of required array elements is extremely large, the complexity of a microwave signal delay module is high, the cost of the whole array antenna is high, and the frequency bandwidth is small.
In an application scene with a wide working frequency band, the difference between the delay amount of the microwave delay chip and an ideal value is large near the upper/lower frequency of the working frequency band, so that the problem of beam inclination occurs when the transmitting phased array antenna works near the upper/lower frequency of the working frequency band; this beam tilt problem is all the more pronounced the wider the operating band of the transmit phased array antenna. The above problems need to be solved, and therefore, an aperiodic planar sparse optically controlled phased array transmitting antenna system is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to solve the problems of beam tilt and the like caused by high design cost and incapability of realizing accurate and constant delay in a large bandwidth of a microwave signal in a transmitting phased array antenna in the prior art, and provides a non-periodic planar sparse optically controlled phased array transmitting antenna system.
The invention solves the technical problem through the following technical scheme, and the invention comprises N adjustable lasers, N electro-optical modulators, an optical beam combiner, an optical amplifier (EDFA), an optical beam splitter, M dispersive optical fibers, M photoelectric detectors and a non-periodic planar sparse transmitting antenna array;
wherein N is the beam number of the aperiodic planar sparse optically controlled phased array transmitting antenna system;
wherein M is the number of antenna array elements in the aperiodic planar sparse transmitting antenna array;
the light emitted by the N tunable lasers respectively enters N electro-optical modulators corresponding to the back ends, and microwave signals to be phase-shifted respectively enter the N electro-optical modulators (the phase shift of the optical signals is realized by the following dispersion optical fibers, the input optical signals with different wavelengths pass through the same dispersion optical fiber, the phase shift is different in size, and the phase shift is used for controlling the shape and the direction of the output wave beam of the phased array antenna); light output by the N electro-optical modulators is combined by the light combiner, the combined light of the light combiner enters the optical amplifier to amplify optical signals, the optical signals output by the optical amplifier enter the light splitter, the optical signals output by the light splitter are respectively connected to the M dispersive optical fibers to delay the optical signals, the delayed optical signals respectively enter the M photoelectric detectors to realize conversion from the optical signals to electric signals, and the electric signals output by the M photoelectric detectors are respectively connected to antenna array elements in the non-periodic planar sparse transmitting antenna array.
Furthermore, the tunable laser is a narrow-linewidth fiber laser, and a higher signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained by selecting the narrow-linewidth fiber laser.
Furthermore, the electro-optic modulator is a Mach-Zehnder type amplitude modulator, the Mach-Zehnder type modulator is mature in process and large in bandwidth; the intensity modulation mode is easy to demodulate signals, and the system architecture is simple; taking overall consideration, a mach-zehnder type intensity modulator is selected.
Furthermore, the microwave signal delay is realized by adopting the microwave photonic link-based light-controlled phased array system, and because the frequency of the microwave signal is very low relative to the frequency of the optical carrier signal, the microwave signal delay is realized by adopting the microwave photonic link-based light-controlled phased array system, so that relatively fixed delay amount can be realized in a very wide microwave frequency band, and the problem of beam tilt of the transmitting phased array antenna when the working frequency band is wide is effectively avoided.
Furthermore, the antenna elements of the aperiodic planar sparse transmitting antenna array adopt an aperiodic planar sparse distribution form.
Furthermore, the specific position of the antenna array element is determined by a covariance matrix adaptive adjustment evolution strategy algorithm, the covariance matrix adaptive adjustment evolution strategy guides the mutation evolution direction of the population by continuously improving and generating dynamic step length parameters and a positive fixed covariance matrix, an initial search point which is given or randomly generated is taken as a center, randomly generating a first generation population according to a certain probability density, evaluating the fitness of each individual in the population, according to the fitness, selecting partial individuals with better fitness to form a new population to update the step length and covariance matrix of evolution, adjusting the evolution direction of the next generation population by using the updated parameters, and carrying out mutation to generate a next generation population, and repeating the steps until the selected optimal solution individual meets the algorithm convergence condition to obtain the specific position of the antenna array element.
Furthermore, in the aperiodic planar sparse optically controlled phased array transmitting antenna system, optical signals are interconnected through optical fibers, and electrical signals are interconnected through radio frequency cables.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the non-periodic planar sparse light-controlled phased array transmitting antenna, the antenna array element position is optimized through a covariance matrix self-adaptive adjustment evolution strategy algorithm during design, on the premise that side lobe levels are met, the non-periodicity of antenna array element distribution and the reduction of the number of antenna array elements are achieved, and the manufacturing cost of the antenna is effectively reduced; meanwhile, the number of the antenna array elements is reduced, so that the number of channels of a delay link is further reduced, and the complexity and the cost of antenna design are further reduced; the light-operated phased array system based on the microwave photon link is adopted to realize microwave signal delay, relatively fixed delay amount can be realized in a very wide microwave frequency band, the problem of beam inclination of the transmitting phased array antenna when the working frequency band is wide is effectively avoided, and the light-operated phased array system is worthy of being popularized and used.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a structure of an aperiodic planar sparse optically controlled phased array transmitting antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a technical solution: an aperiodic planar sparse optically controlled phased array transmit antenna system comprising N tunable lasers (11, 21, …, (N-1)1, N1), N electro-optic modulators (12, 22, …, (N-1)2, N2), an optical combiner 3, an optical amplifier 4, an optical splitter 5, M dispersive optical fibers (13, 23, …, (M-1)3, M3), M photodetectors (14, 24, …, (M-1)4, M4) and an aperiodic planar sparse transmit antenna array 6;
wherein N is the beam number of the aperiodic planar sparse optically controlled phased array transmitting antenna system;
wherein M is the number of antenna array elements in the aperiodic planar sparse transmitting antenna array;
the tunable laser is used for providing an optical carrier for the whole optically controlled phased array system, wherein an optical signal emitted by the tunable laser 11 enters an optical input port of the electro-optical modulator 12, an optical signal emitted by the tunable laser 21 enters an optical input port of the electro-optical modulator 22, an optical signal emitted by the tunable laser (N-1)1 enters an optical input port of the electro-optical modulator (N-1)2, and an optical signal emitted by the tunable laser N1 enters an optical input port of the electro-optical modulator N2, that is, the optical signals emitted by the tunable lasers enter the optical input ports of the electro-optical modulators one-to-one.
Microwave signals to be phase-shifted enter microwave input ports of N electro- optical modulators 12, 22, …, (N-1)2 and N2 respectively (for the phase shift of optical signals, the phase shift is realized through the following dispersive optical fibers, and the phase shift of input optical signals with different wavelengths is different after passing through the same dispersive optical fiber, wherein the phase shift is used for controlling the shape and the direction of output beams of the phased array antenna);
an optical output port of the electro-optical modulator 12 is connected to a first optical input port of the optical combiner 3, an optical output port of the electro-optical modulator 22 is connected to a second optical input port of the optical combiner 3, an optical output port of the electro-optical modulator (N-1)2 is connected to an N-1 optical input port of the optical combiner 3, and an optical output port of the electro-optical modulator N2 is connected to an N-th optical input port of the optical combiner 3, that is, the optical output ports of the electro-optical modulators are connected to the optical input ports of the optical combiner 3 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
The optical output port of the optical combiner 3 is connected to the optical input port of the optical amplifier 4.
The optical output port of the optical amplifier 4 is connected to the optical input port of the optical splitter 5.
A first optical output port of the optical splitter 5 is connected to an optical input port of the dispersive optical fiber 13, a second optical output port of the optical splitter 5 is connected to an optical input port of the dispersive optical fiber 23, an M-1 optical output port of the optical splitter 5 is connected to an optical input port of the dispersive optical fiber (M-1)3, an M-th optical output port of the optical splitter 5 is connected to an optical input port of the dispersive optical fiber M3, that is, each optical output port of the optical splitter 5 is connected to an optical input port of each dispersive optical fiber in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
An optical output port of the dispersion optical fiber 13 is connected with an optical input port of the photodetector 14, an optical output port of the dispersion optical fiber 23 is connected with an optical input port of the photodetector 24, an optical output port of the dispersion optical fiber (M-1)3 is connected with an optical input port of the photodetector (M-1)4, an optical output port of the dispersion optical fiber M3 is connected with an optical input port of the photodetector M4, that is, the optical output ports of the dispersion optical fibers are correspondingly connected with the optical input ports of the photodetectors.
The electrical output ports of the photodetectors 14, 24, …, (M-1)4, and M4 are respectively connected to the antenna elements in the aperiodic planar sparse transmit antenna array 6, that is, the electrical output ports of the photodetectors are respectively connected to the antenna elements in the aperiodic planar sparse transmit antenna array 6.
The optical signals are interconnected through optical fibers, and the electrical signals are interconnected through radio frequency cables.
It should be noted that, a laser in a microwave photonic link-based optically controlled phased array system provides an optical carrier, loading of a microwave signal to an optical signal is realized by an electro-optical modulator, the optical signal output by the electro-optical modulator enters an input end of a dispersion optical fiber after beam combination, amplification and beam splitting, accurate delay of the optical signal is realized by the dispersion optical fiber, and the optical signal after delay realizes conversion from the optical signal to an electrical signal by a photodetector. Because the frequency of the microwave signal is very low relative to the frequency of the optical carrier signal, the optical control phased array system based on the microwave photon link is adopted to realize the microwave signal delay, so that the relatively fixed delay amount can be realized in a very wide microwave frequency band, and the beam tilt problem of the transmitting phased array antenna when the working frequency band is wide is effectively avoided.
In summary, in the aperiodic sparse planar light-controlled phased array transmitting antenna of the embodiment, the antenna array element position is optimized by a covariance matrix adaptive adjustment evolution strategy algorithm during design, on the premise that side lobe levels are met, aperiodicity of antenna array element distribution and reduction of the number of antenna array elements are realized, and the manufacturing cost of the antenna is effectively reduced; meanwhile, the number of the antenna array elements is reduced, so that the number of channels of a delay link is further reduced, and the complexity and the cost of antenna design are further reduced; the light-operated phased array system based on the microwave photon link is adopted to realize microwave signal delay, relatively fixed delay amount can be realized in a very wide microwave frequency band, the problem of beam inclination of the transmitting phased array antenna when the working frequency band is wide is effectively avoided, and the light-operated phased array system is worthy of being popularized and used.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A non-periodic planar sparse light-controlled phased array transmitting antenna system is characterized in that: the system comprises a plurality of adjustable lasers, a plurality of electro-optical modulators, an optical beam combiner, an optical amplifier, an optical beam splitter, a plurality of dispersion optical fibers, a plurality of photoelectric detectors and a non-periodic planar sparse transmitting antenna array;
the adjustable laser, the electro-optic modulator and the aperiodic planar sparse light-controlled phased array transmitting antenna system have the same number of wave beams, and the dispersion optical fiber, the photoelectric detector and the aperiodic planar sparse transmitting antenna array have the same number of antenna array elements;
the optical signals emitted by the adjustable lasers are correspondingly input into the optical input ports of the electro-optical modulators one by one, the microwave signals to be phase-shifted are respectively input into the microwave input ports of the electro-optical modulators, the optical output ports of the electro-optical modulators are correspondingly connected with the optical input ports of the optical beam combiner one by one, the optical output port of the optical beam combiner is connected with the optical input port of the optical amplifier, the optical output port of the optical amplifier is connected with the optical input port of the optical beam splitter, and each optical output port of the optical splitter is connected with the optical input port of each dispersive optical fiber in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the optical output port of each dispersive optical fiber is connected with the optical input port of each photoelectric detector in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the electrical output port of each photoelectric detector is connected with each antenna array element in the aperiodic planar sparse transmitting antenna array in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
2. The aperiodic, planar, sparse, optically controlled phased array transmit antenna system of claim 1, wherein: the tunable laser is a narrow linewidth fiber laser.
3. The aperiodic, planar, sparse, optically controlled phased array transmit antenna system of claim 1, wherein: the electro-optic modulator is a Mach-Zehnder type amplitude modulator.
4. The aperiodic, planar, sparse, optically controlled phased array transmit antenna system of claim 1, wherein: and the optical control phased array system based on the microwave photon link is adopted to realize the time delay of the microwave signal.
5. The aperiodic, planar, sparse, optically controlled phased array transmit antenna system of claim 1, wherein: the antenna array elements of the aperiodic planar sparse transmitting antenna array adopt an aperiodic planar sparse distribution form.
6. The aperiodic, planar, sparse, optically controlled phased array transmit antenna system of claim 5, wherein: and the specific position of the antenna array element is optimized and determined by a covariance matrix self-adaptive adjustment evolution strategy.
7. The aperiodic planar sparse optically controlled phased array transmitting antenna system of claim 6, wherein the process of optimizing and determining the specific position of the antenna array elements by adaptively adjusting the evolution strategy through the covariance matrix is as follows:
s1: leading the mutation evolution direction of the population by continuously improving and generating a dynamic step length parameter and a positive definite covariance matrix, randomly generating a generation of population by taking a given or randomly generated initial search point as a center according to a certain probability density, and evaluating the fitness of each individual in the population;
s2: selecting partial individuals with better fitness to form a new population according to the fitness to update the step length and the covariance matrix of evolution, and adjusting the evolution direction of the next generation population by using the updated parameters so as to generate the next generation population by mutation;
and S3, repeating the steps S1-S2 until the selected optimal solution individual meets the convergence condition to obtain the specific position of the antenna array element.
8. The aperiodic, planar, sparse, optically controlled phased array transmit antenna system of claim 1, wherein: in the aperiodic planar sparse light-controlled phased array transmitting antenna system, optical signals are interconnected through optical fibers, and electrical signals are interconnected through radio frequency cables.
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| CN113031362A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-25 | 鹏城实验室 | Visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array |
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