CN111509824B - Wireless electric energy transmission system of in-vivo implanted device based on electrorheological fluid metamaterial - Google Patents

Wireless electric energy transmission system of in-vivo implanted device based on electrorheological fluid metamaterial Download PDF

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CN111509824B
CN111509824B CN202010262699.4A CN202010262699A CN111509824B CN 111509824 B CN111509824 B CN 111509824B CN 202010262699 A CN202010262699 A CN 202010262699A CN 111509824 B CN111509824 B CN 111509824B
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electrorheological fluid
metamaterial
module
frequency
spiral coil
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CN111509824A (en
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张超
刘国强
李艳红
宋佳祥
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Institute of Electrical Engineering of CAS
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Institute of Electrical Engineering of CAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/70Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields

Abstract

A wireless electric energy transmission system of an in-vivo implanted device based on an electrorheological fluid metamaterial comprises a transmitting module, a receiving module, an electrorheological fluid metamaterial module and a direct-current power supply, and wireless electric energy transmission is carried out in a magnetic resonance coupling mode. The electrorheological fluid metamaterial module is composed of electrorheological fluid metamaterial units, and can collect a magnetic field generated by the transmitting module, so that the wireless power transmission efficiency is improved. The dielectric constant of the electrorheological fluid is changed by adjusting the external electric field intensity of the electrorheological fluid, so that the resonance frequency of the electrorheological fluid electromagnetic metamaterial and the equivalent magnetic permeability value at the system working frequency are changed, and the electrorheological fluid electromagnetic metamaterial has the advantages of flexible and adjustable parameters.

Description

Wireless electric energy transmission system of in-vivo implanted device based on electrorheological fluid metamaterial
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wireless power transmission system of an intracorporeal implanted device.
Background
The in vivo implanted devices play an important role in medical monitoring, drug delivery, local organ stimulation, and the like. The battery life depends on the frequency and intensity of the device, and the battery must be replaced when the electricity reaches the use threshold. Battery replacement surgery, in addition to adding additional cost, more importantly increases the risk of surgical infection to the patient. Wireless power transfer can avoid economic and health problems associated with the replacement of the battery of the implanted device. The problem to be solved urgently is to improve the wireless power transmission efficiency of the implanted device.
The patent "201210366827.5 small size resonator and magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transfer" discloses an implantable small size resonator for wireless power transfer. When the energy transmission distance is greater than the size of the receiving device and the transmitting device, the system energy transmission efficiency is seriously degraded. In order to increase the transmission efficiency, various measures are available. The 201280038109.3 patent "wireless energy transfer for implantable devices" discloses a wireless energy transfer system for an implanted device. The source resonator is arranged outside the body and generates an oscillating magnetic field. The implanted device resonator is placed in the body and captures the magnetic field generated by the source resonator. A relay resonator is added between a source resonator and an implanted device resonator, so that energy transmission is improved, and efficiency is improved. Patent CN201610807943 "metamaterial-based implantable wireless energy transmission device" discloses an implantable wireless energy transmission device based on a metamaterial, and a metamaterial relay module with negative magnetic conductivity is added to converge a spatial magnetic field, so that transmission efficiency is improved. However, parameters are not adjustable after the metamaterial design processing is finished. A small receiving coil wireless power transmission system such as a human body implant device puts higher requirements on universality and flexibility of the electromagnetic super surface. Due to individual difference of human bodies, the dynamic property of the human bodies and the uncertainty of the attenuation of electromagnetic fields passing through the multilayer tissues, the optimal working frequency of the system is changed. Once the metamaterial with fixed parameters is designed and processed, the parameters are not adjustable, and the dynamic response to the change of system parameters is difficult to make, so that the universality and the regulation and control flexibility of the metamaterial are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a wireless electric energy transmission system of an in-vivo implanted device based on an electrorheological fluid metamaterial. The invention utilizes the characteristic that the electrorheological fluid electrical parameter changes along with the external electric field intensity to make up the defect that the resonance frequency and the equivalent permeability of the metamaterial are fixed and unchanged, and realizes the adjustability of the resonance frequency and the equivalent permeability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the wireless power transmission system of the in-vivo implanted device based on the electrorheological fluid metamaterial comprises a transmitting module, a receiving module, an electrorheological fluid metamaterial module and a direct-current power supply. The electrorheological fluid metamaterial module is positioned between the transmitting module and the receiving module. The electrorheological fluid metamaterial module is coupled to the receiving module after amplifying and focusing the magnetic field generated by the transmitting module. The direct current power supply is connected with the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module. The receiving module is connected with a battery of the in-vivo implanted device to supply power to the in-vivo implanted device.
The transmitting module comprises a high-frequency power supply, a transmitting resonant matching circuit and a transmitting resonant coil. The transmitting module is used for transmitting high-frequency electromagnetic energy, and the resonant frequency of the transmitting resonant coil is equal to the system working frequency. The high-frequency power supply outputs MHz high-frequency signals. And the output end of the high-frequency power supply is connected with the input end of the transmitting resonant matching circuit. The transmitting matching circuit is used for adjusting the resonant frequency of the transmitting resonant coil, and the output end of the transmitting matching circuit is connected with the input end of the transmitting resonant coil. The sinusoidal alternating current of the transmitting resonant coil excites an electromagnetic field in the surrounding space.
The receiving module comprises a receiving resonance coil, a receiving resonance matching circuit, a rectifying and filtering circuit and a battery energy management circuit and is used for receiving high-frequency electromagnetic energy. The resonance frequency of the receiving resonance coil is equal to the system operating frequency. The receiving resonant coil receives a spatial electromagnetic field. The output end of the receiving resonance coil is connected with the input end of the receiving resonance matching circuit. The receiving resonant matching circuit is used for adjusting the resonant frequency of the receiving resonant coil. The output end of the receiving resonant matching circuit is connected with the input end of the rectifying and filtering circuit. The rectifying and filtering circuit is used for converting high-frequency alternating energy into direct current. The output end of the rectifying and filtering circuit is connected with the input end of the battery management circuit. The battery management circuit is used for direct current electric energy conditioning and battery charging management.
The electrorheological fluid metamaterial module is used for converging the high-frequency magnetic field generated by the transmitting module and coupling the high-frequency magnetic field to the receiving module. Near the system working frequency, the equivalent magnetic permeability of the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module is negative. The electrorheological fluid metamaterial module is a planar array with n rows and n columns formed by n × n electrorheological fluid metamaterial units, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
The electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit comprises an insulating medium shell, an upper planar spiral coil, a lower planar spiral coil and electrorheological fluid.
The insulating medium shell is of a closed cuboid structure with a cavity inside, and the cavity is filled with electrorheological fluid.
The upper plane spiral coil is fixed on the inner side of the upper surface of the insulating medium shell, and the lower plane spiral coil is fixed on the inner side of the lower surface of the insulating medium shell. The upper plane spiral coil and the lower plane spiral coil can be in a circular, square, fractal and other plane structures. The upper plane spiral coil and the lower plane spiral coil are parallel and symmetrically arranged and are in direct contact with the electrorheological fluid. The distance between the upper planar spiral coil and the lower planar spiral coil is the height of the electrorheological fluid.
The upper plane spiral coil and the lower plane spiral coil are used as high-frequency resonance coils of the electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit and also used as electrodes of an external direct-current power supply. The upper plane spiral coil is a positive electrode, and the lower plane spiral coil is a negative electrode. The positive electrode outlet terminal is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current power supply, and the negative electrode outlet terminal is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply.
The electrorheological fluid is insulating oil added with micro-particles or nano-particles, and the dielectric constant of the micro-particles or the nano-particles is far greater than that of the insulating oil. The dielectric constant of the electrorheological fluid is related to the intensity of the applied electric field of the electrorheological fluid.
The external electric field intensity of the electrorheological fluid is the ratio of the output voltage of the direct-current power supply to the height of the electrorheological fluid. The height of the electrorheological fluid and the external electric field intensity of the electrorheological fluid are related to the resonant frequency of the metamaterial unit, and the height of the electrorheological fluid and the external electric field intensity of the electrorheological fluid are designed according to the required resonant frequency.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
the transmitting module generates a high-frequency alternating magnetic field. The transmitting module and the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module generate magnetic field coupling effect to excite the electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit to generate magnetic resonance response. Near the working frequency of the system, the equivalent magnetic conductivity of the electrorheological fluid metamaterial is a negative value, and a magnetic field can be amplified and focused. The electrorheological fluid metamaterial module amplifies and focuses the magnetic field generated by the transmitting module and then couples the magnetic field to the receiving module, and the receiving module is connected with a battery of the in-vivo implanted device to supply power to the in-vivo implanted device. When the parameters of the wireless electric energy transmission system change, the voltage of an externally-applied direct-current power supply is adjusted, the externally-applied electric field intensity of the electrorheological fluid changes, and the dielectric constant of the electrorheological fluid changes accordingly, so that the resonance frequency of the electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit deviates, the frequency response characteristic of the equivalent magnetic conductance changes, and under the adjusted working frequency of the system, the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module can adapt to the parameter change of the system, still keep the amplification and focusing effects on a magnetic field, and improve the transmission efficiency of the system.
The invention organically combines the advantages of the electrorheological fluid and the metamaterial, adjusts the resonant frequency of the metamaterial by adjusting the intensity of the external direct current electric field of the electrorheological fluid, further changes the equivalent magnetic permeability value at the working frequency of the system and regulates and controls the magnetic field. The invention overcomes the defect that the parameters are not adjustable after the traditional metamaterial is designed, and has the advantages of flexibility and adjustability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless power transmission system for an implantable device based on electrorheological fluid metamaterial according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the resonant frequency control of an electrorheological fluid metamaterial module according to the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a transmitting module 1, a receiving module 2, an electrorheological fluid metamaterial module 3, a direct current power supply 4, an electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit 5, a high-frequency power supply 1-1, a transmitting resonant matching circuit 1-2, a transmitting resonant coil 1-3, a receiving resonant coil 2-1, a receiving resonant matching circuit 2-2, a rectifying and filtering circuit 2-3, a battery energy management circuit 2-4, an insulating medium shell 5-1, an upper plane spiral coil 5-2, a lower plane spiral coil 5-3 and electrorheological fluid 5-4.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in figure 1, the wireless power transmission system of the in-vivo implanted device based on the electrorheological fluid metamaterial comprises a transmitting module 1, a receiving module 2, an electrorheological fluid metamaterial module 3 and a direct-current power supply 4. The electrorheological fluid metamaterial module 3 is positioned between the transmitting module 1 and the receiving module 2. The electrorheological fluid metamaterial module 3 is coupled to the receiving module 2 after amplifying and focusing the magnetic field generated by the transmitting module 1. The direct current power supply 4 is connected with the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module 3. The receiving module 2 is connected with a battery of the intracorporeal implanted device to supply power to the intracorporeal implanted device.
The transmitting module 1 comprises a high-frequency power supply 1-1, a transmitting resonant matching circuit 1-2 and a transmitting resonant coil 1-3 and is used for transmitting high-frequency electromagnetic energy. The resonance frequency of the transmitting resonant coils 1-3 is equal to the system operating frequency. The high-frequency power supply 1-1 outputs a MHz high-frequency signal. The output end of the high-frequency power supply 1-1 is connected with the input end of the transmitting resonant matching circuit 1-2. The transmission matching circuit 1-2 is used to adjust the resonance frequency of the transmission resonance coil 1-3. The output end of the transmitting matching circuit 1-2 is connected with the input end of the transmitting resonant coil 1-3. The sinusoidal alternating current of the transmitting resonant coils 1-3 excites an electromagnetic field in the surrounding space.
The receiving module 2 comprises a receiving resonant coil 2-1, a receiving resonant matching circuit 2-2, a rectifying and filtering circuit 2-3 and a battery energy management circuit 2-4 and is used for receiving high-frequency electromagnetic energy. The resonance frequency of the reception resonance coil 2-1 is equal to the system operating frequency. The reception resonance coil 2-1 receives a spatial electromagnetic field. The output end of the receiving resonant coil 2-1 is connected with the input end of the receiving resonant matching circuit 2-2. The reception resonant matching circuit 2-2 is used to adjust the resonant frequency of the reception resonant coil 2-1. The output end of the receiving resonant matching circuit 2-2 is connected with the input end of the rectifying and filtering circuit 2-3. The rectifying-filtering circuit 2-3 is used to convert the high-frequency alternating energy into direct current. The output end of the rectification filter circuit 2-3 is connected with the input end of the battery management circuit 2-4. The battery management circuit 2-4 is used for dc power conditioning and battery charge management.
The electrorheological fluid metamaterial module 3 is used for converging the high-frequency magnetic field generated by the transmitting module 1 and coupling the high-frequency magnetic field to the receiving module 2. The equivalent magnetic permeability of the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module 3 is negative at the system working frequency. The electrorheological fluid metamaterial module 3 is a planar array with n rows and n columns formed by n × n electrorheological fluid metamaterial units 5, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
The electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit 5 comprises an insulating medium shell 5-1, an upper planar spiral coil 5-2, a lower planar spiral coil 5-3 and electrorheological fluid 5-4, as shown in figure 2.
The insulating medium shell 5-1 is a closed cuboid structure with a cavity inside, and the cavity is filled with electrorheological fluid 5-4.
The upper planar spiral coil 5-2 is fixed on the inner side of the upper surface of the insulating medium shell 5-1, and the lower planar spiral coil 5-3 is fixed on the inner side of the lower surface of the insulating medium shell 5-1. The upper plane spiral coil 5-2 and the lower plane spiral coil 5-3 are parallel and symmetrically arranged, and the upper plane spiral coil 5-2 and the lower plane spiral coil 5-3 are directly contacted with the electrorheological fluid 5-4. The distance between the upper plane spiral coil 5-2 and the lower plane spiral coil 5-3 is the height of the electrorheological fluid 5-4.
The upper plane spiral coil 5-2 and the lower plane spiral coil 5-3 can be in a circular, square, fractal and other plane structures.
The upper planar spiral coil 5-2 and the lower planar spiral coil 5-3 are used as a direct current electrode in addition to the high frequency resonance coil of the metamaterial unit 5. The upper planar spiral coil 5-2 is a positive electrode, and the lower planar spiral coil 5-3 is a negative electrode. The positive electrode outlet terminal is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current power supply 4, and the negative electrode outlet terminal is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply 4.
The electrorheological fluid 5-4 is insulating oil added with micro-particles or nano-particles, and the dielectric constant of the micro-particles or the nano-particles is far greater than that of the insulating oil. The dielectric constant of the electrorheological fluid 5-4 is related to the external electric field intensity of the electrorheological fluid.
The electric field intensity applied to the electrorheological fluid 5-4 is the ratio of the output voltage of the direct current power supply 4 to the height of the electrorheological fluid 5-4. The resonant frequency of the metamaterial unit 5 is related to the height of the electrorheological fluid 5-4 and the external electric field strength of the electrorheological fluid 5-4, and the height of the electrorheological fluid 5-4 and the external electric field strength of the electrorheological fluid 5-4 are designed according to the required resonant frequency.
The working process of the invention is as follows: the transmitting module 1 generates a high-frequency alternating magnetic field. The transmitting module 1 and the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module 3 generate magnetic field coupling effect to excite the electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit 5 to generate magnetic resonance response. Near the system working frequency, the equivalent magnetic conductivity of the electro-rheological fluid electromagnetic metamaterial is a negative value, and a magnetic field can be amplified and focused. The electrorheological fluid metamaterial module 3 is coupled to the receiving module 2 after amplifying and focusing the magnetic field generated by the transmitting module 1. The receiving module 2 is connected with a battery of the intracorporeal implanted device to supply power to the intracorporeal implanted device. When the parameters of the wireless electric energy transmission system change, the voltage of the external direct current power supply 4 is adjusted, the external electric field intensity of the electrorheological fluid changes, the dielectric constant of the electrorheological fluid changes accordingly, the resonant frequency of the electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit 5 shifts, and the frequency response characteristic of the equivalent magnetic conductance changes. Under the adjusted working frequency of the system, the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module 3 can adapt to the parameter change of the system, still keeps the amplification and focusing effects on the magnetic field, and improves the transmission efficiency of the system.

Claims (7)

1. A wireless electric energy transmission system of an in-vivo implanted device based on an electrorheological fluid metamaterial is characterized in that: the wireless electric energy transmission system comprises a transmitting module (1), a receiving module (2), an electrorheological fluid metamaterial module (3) and a direct-current power supply (4); the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module (3) is positioned between the transmitting module (1) and the receiving module (2); the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module (3) amplifies and focuses the magnetic field generated by the transmitting module (1) and then couples the magnetic field to the receiving module (2); the direct current power supply (4) is connected with the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module (3); the transmitting module (1) generates a high-frequency alternating magnetic field, the transmitting module (1) and the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module (3) generate a magnetic field coupling effect to excite the electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit (5) to generate a magnetic resonance response, the equivalent magnetic permeability of the electrorheological fluid metamaterial is a negative value near the working frequency of a system, the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module (3) can amplify and focus the magnetic field, the magnetic field generated by the transmitting module (1) is amplified and focused and then coupled to the receiving module (2), the receiving module (2) is connected with an in-vivo implanted device battery to supply power to the in-vivo implanted device, when the parameters of a wireless power transmission system change, the voltage of an externally-applied direct current power supply (4) is adjusted, the external electric field intensity of the electrorheological fluid changes, the dielectric constant of the electrorheological fluid changes accordingly, so that the resonance frequency of the electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit (5) deviates, and the frequency response characteristic of the equivalent magnetic conductance changes, under the adjusted working frequency of the system, the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module (3) can adapt to the parameter change of the system, still keeps the amplification and focusing effects on a magnetic field, and improves the transmission efficiency of the system; the electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit (5) comprises an upper plane spiral coil (5-2) and a lower plane spiral coil (5-3); the upper plane spiral coil (5-2) and the lower plane spiral coil (5-3) are used as a direct current electrode besides being used as a high-frequency resonance coil of the electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit (5); the upper plane spiral coil (5-2) is a positive electrode, and the lower plane spiral coil (5-3) is a negative electrode; the positive electrode outlet terminal is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current power supply (4), and the negative electrode outlet terminal is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply (4).
2. The wireless power transfer system of claim 1, wherein: the transmitting module (1) comprises a high-frequency power supply (1-1), a transmitting resonant matching circuit (1-2) and a transmitting resonant coil (1-3) and is used for transmitting high-frequency electromagnetic energy; the resonance frequency of the transmitting resonance coil (1-3) is equal to the system working frequency; the high-frequency power supply (1-1) outputs MHz high-frequency signals; the output end of the high-frequency power supply (1-1) is connected with the input end of the transmitting resonant matching circuit (1-2); the transmission matching circuit (1-2) is used for adjusting the resonance frequency of the transmission resonance coil (1-3); the output end of the transmitting matching circuit (1-2) is connected with the input end of the transmitting resonant coil (1-3); the sinusoidal alternating current of the transmitting resonant coils (1-3) excites an electromagnetic field in the surrounding space.
3. The wireless power transfer system of claim 1, wherein: the receiving module (2) is used for receiving high-frequency electromagnetic energy and comprises a receiving resonant coil (2-1), a receiving resonant matching circuit (2-2), a rectifying and filtering circuit (2-3) and a battery energy management circuit (2-4); the resonance frequency of the receiving resonance coil (2-1) is equal to the system working frequency; the receiving resonance coil (2-1) receives a space electromagnetic field; the output end of the receiving resonant coil (2-1) is connected with the input end of the receiving resonant matching circuit (2-2); the receiving resonant matching circuit (2-2) is used for adjusting the resonant frequency of the receiving resonant coil (2-1); the output end of the receiving resonant matching circuit (2-2) is connected with the input end of the rectifying and filtering circuit (2-3); the rectification filter circuit (2-3) is used for converting high-frequency alternating energy into direct current; the output end of the rectification filter circuit (2-3) is connected with the input end of the battery management circuit (2-4); the battery management circuit (2-4) is used for direct current electric energy conditioning and battery charging management.
4. The wireless power transfer system of claim 1, wherein: the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module (3) is used for converging the high-frequency magnetic field generated by the transmitting module (1) and coupling the high-frequency magnetic field to the receiving module (2); at the system working frequency, the equivalent magnetic conductivity of the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module (3) is negative; the electrorheological fluid metamaterial module (3) is a planar array with n rows and n columns formed by n-n electrorheological fluid metamaterial units (5), wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
5. The wireless power transfer system of claim 4, wherein: the electrorheological fluid metamaterial unit (5) comprises an insulating medium shell (5-1), an upper plane spiral coil (5-2), a lower plane spiral coil (5-3) and electrorheological fluid (5-4); the insulating medium shell (5-1) is of a closed cuboid structure with a cavity inside, and electrorheological fluid (5-4) is filled in the cavity; the upper plane spiral coil (5-2) is fixed on the inner side of the upper surface of the insulating medium shell (5-1), and the lower plane spiral coil (5-3) is fixed on the inner side of the lower surface of the insulating medium shell (5-1); the upper plane spiral coil (5-2) and the lower plane spiral coil (5-3) are parallel and symmetrically arranged, and the upper plane spiral coil (5-2) and the lower plane spiral coil (5-3) are directly contacted with the electrorheological fluid (5-4); the distance between the upper plane spiral coil (5-2) and the lower plane spiral coil (5-3) is the height of the electrorheological fluid (5-4).
6. The wireless power transfer system of claim 5, wherein: the upper plane spiral coil (5-2) and the lower plane spiral coil (5-3) are in a circular or square or fractal structure type plane structure.
7. The wireless power transfer system of claim 5, wherein: the electrorheological fluid (5-4) is insulating oil added with micro-particles or nano-particles, and the dielectric constant of the micro-particles or the nano-particles is greater than that of the insulating oil.
CN202010262699.4A 2020-04-07 2020-04-07 Wireless electric energy transmission system of in-vivo implanted device based on electrorheological fluid metamaterial Active CN111509824B (en)

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