CN111508044B - Control unit division method for GIS basin comprehensive treatment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control unit division method for GIS basin comprehensive treatment, which comprehensively considers administrative division and land utilization characteristics, performs hydrological analysis through Arcgis, and automatically realizes control unit division by combining with the existing river water system calibration method, thereby providing technical support for the concrete implementation and management of a basin comprehensive treatment planning scheme project.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to control unit division for basin comprehensive treatment, which can provide technical support for basin comprehensive treatment planning, scheme making and design.
Background
The method is influenced by dual effects of climate change and high-strength human activities in rapid urbanization, the pollution load intensity of the drainage basin in China is high, the components are many, the migration and transformation are complex, a large amount of black and odorous water exists, and the safety of the drainage basin water faces a great challenge. The comprehensive treatment of the drainage basin emphasizes the elimination of extreme values, systematization and comprehensive treatment, and seeks a more integral solution, so that the comprehensive treatment becomes an important measure for improving the water safety of the drainage basin. The comprehensive treatment of the drainage basin usually considers a plurality of factors such as water resources, water environment, water ecology, water disaster, water culture and the like, and focuses on the optimization and the adoption of comprehensive measures such as sources, processes, tail ends and the like. The drainage basin is divided into a plurality of control units, so that the pertinence and operability of the comprehensive treatment of the drainage basin can be improved, and the Europe fine support is improved for the comprehensive treatment of the drainage basin. How to divide the drainage basin comprehensive treatment control units is not a clear technical method at present, and the division is mainly determined according to experience in practice, and administrative partitions or sub-drainage basins are taken as control units, so that support cannot be provided for drainage basin comprehensive treatment practices.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem, the invention provides a GIS-oriented drainage basin comprehensive treatment control unit division method, which has the core theoretical basis that the drainage basin water circulation is extremely accompanied, administrative divisions and land utilization characteristics are comprehensively considered, hydrological analysis is carried out through Arcgis, the existing river water system is combined to carry out a calibration method, and the control unit division is automatically realized, so that technical support is provided for the concrete implementation and management of a drainage basin comprehensive treatment planning scheme project. The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a control unit dividing method for GIS basin comprehensive treatment adopts Arcgis hydrological analysis and combines the existing river water system calibration method, and comprises the following steps:
step one, acquiring a GIS (geographic information System) map of a research range: the watershed research range is one or more watersheds or administrative regions, and after the research range is defined, digital processing is carried out to generate an shp format diagram;
step two, obtaining a topographic map with certain precision in a research range: extracting geographical elevation information according to the watershed research range obtained in the first step, and removing abnormal values through processing to obtain a DEM (digital elevation model) diagram meeting the requirements of comprehensive management analysis and management of the watershed;
step three, generating a no-hollow terrain map: performing basin hydrological analysis and calculation through Arcgis, wherein the basin hydrological analysis and calculation specifically comprises three aspects of water flow direction extraction, depression calculation and depression filling;
step four, extracting a river network water system of the river basin: calculating confluence cumulant through Arcgis, and extracting the river network, wherein the adopted GIS command is FlowAccumulant;
step five, automatically dividing a basin control unit: 1) generating a river network in a grid form, carrying out vectorization, and taking a GIS command as streamofature; 2) extracting a river network structure, wherein a GIS command is streamlink; 3) generating a control unit, wherein the adopted GIS command is Basin/Watershed;
step six: determination of control unit division result: comparing the generated area of the control unit with the actual measured area of the river sub-basin, and directly outputting the dividing result of the control unit if the error between the area of the divided basin control unit and the actual measured area of the river sub-basin is not more than 10%; if the error between the area of the divided basin control unit and the actually measured area of the river sub-basin is more than 10 percent, executing the operation of the seventh step;
step seven, correcting the river network expansion range of the drainage basin: expanding the study area to a larger peripheral area; utilizing the regenerated larger range to perform the second step, the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step; comparing the area of the control unit generated in the step five with the actual measured area of the river sub-river basin, and if the error between the area of the divided river basin control unit and the actual measured area of the river sub-river basin is not more than 10%, directly outputting the division result of the control unit; if the error between the area of the divided basin control unit and the actually measured area of the river sub-basin is more than 10 percent, executing the operation of the step eight;
eighthly, burning and correcting river channels of the river network of the drainage basin: and D, digitalizing a river network water system of the drainage basin, registering the water system under the same projection coordinate system through geometric correction, setting the ID attribute of the digitalized river channel to be 1, converting the Shp river network into a grid river network, superposing and fusing the grid river network and DEM data, burning the data into the land-free topographic map generated in the third step through the river channel to generate a new DEM map, and repeating the operation of the fourth step, the fifth step and the sixth step.
In a further improvement, the method for generating the map in shp format in the first step includes the following two steps: downloading shp format graphs in a large range from the world, the country, the provinces, cities and counties, extracting a research range, and processing commands including Dissolve and DataExport by adopting a GIS according to data source characteristics; or creating a Polygon edition by using Arcgis, converting the longitude and the latitude and setting a projection coordinate by using a command CreateFeatures after the completion, or setting the longitude and the latitude by using a GIS registration tool Georefiecing to complete projection and generate an shp format diagram of a research scope.
Further improvement, the method for obtaining the DEM in the step two comprises the following steps: downloading and extracting a dem image in a large range from the whole world, the whole country and each province; or acquiring topographic data of the research range based on the topographic contour lines to generate the DEM.
Further improvement, the specific operation of the third step is as follows: the water flow direction extraction adopts GIS command FlowDirection; the depression calculation adopts a GIS command Sink, and the depression filling adopts a GIS command Fill; after the puddle was filled, the water flow direction extraction and the puddle calculation were repeated until no puddle was generated.
Further improvement, the specific operation of extracting the river network in the fourth step is as follows: firstly, setting a confluence cumulant threshold, comparing a generated river water system with a real river water system, and adopting a GIS command as a RasterCalculator; if the two do not meet the requirement, the threshold value is adjusted until the analysis and management requirements are met.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the GIS-oriented drainage basin comprehensive treatment control unit automatic division technology has the advantages and characteristics of simplicity and convenience in operation, strong adaptability to different drainage basins, good space intuition and the like, and can provide an advanced technical method for proposal and research, special evaluation and design schemes. The final result of the division of the drainage basin comprehensive treatment control unit can provide a space unit carrier for calculation, analysis and design for a plurality of remissions such as project suggestions, exploitable compilation, special evaluation, preliminary design, construction drawing design and the like, so that the drainage basin comprehensive treatment suggestions, schemes and designs are more targeted, technical support is provided for the final landing and benefit exertion of drainage basin comprehensive treatment projects, and the drainage basin comprehensive treatment control unit has popularization and application values in practice.
The invention provides a technical framework and a method for the division of the comprehensive treatment control unit of the drainage basin, which mainly comprise 8 steps of implementation and correction feedback. A GIS space analysis technology, a drainage basin extraction technology and a river network extraction technology are organically integrated into a drainage basin comprehensive treatment process, so that an automatic solution is provided for the division of drainage basin comprehensive treatment control units.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a technical route for carrying out the present invention;
fig. 2 is a typical case of distribution of watershed control units (the dragon hills and the plateau mountain river watershed);
fig. 3 is a typical case of distribution of river basin control units (fresh water river basin);
fig. 4 shows a typical case of distribution of river basin control units (river course burning correction is performed in a river basin).
Detailed Description
A control unit dividing method for GIS basin comprehensive treatment adopts Arcgis hydrological analysis and combines the existing river water system calibration method, and mainly comprises the following steps, specifically as shown in figure 1:
step one, acquiring a GIS (geographic information System) image of a research range. The scope of study is typically one or more watersheds (involving multiple administrative districts) or administrative districts (involving one or more small watersheds), and the scope of study needs to be clarified and digitized to generate a map in shp format. There are generally two methods: firstly, downloading shp format maps in a large range from the world, the country, various provinces (autonomous regions, direct prefectures), various cities and counties and the like, extracting research ranges, and generally adopting GIS processing commands including dispolve, DataExport and the like according to data source characteristics; secondly, the Arcgis is used for creating Polygon editing, the command CreateFeatures is used, after the completion, the longitude and latitude are required to be converted, projection coordinates are set, and a GIS registration tool Georefiecing can be used for setting the longitude and latitude to complete projection, so that an shp format diagram of a research range is generated.
And step two, acquiring a topographic map (DEM) with certain research range precision. And (4) extracting geographical elevation information according to the basin research range obtained in the step one to obtain the DEM meeting the requirements of comprehensive treatment analysis and management of the basin. The resolution is selected from 0.5-100m depending on the scope of the basin (for example, the website can download a topographic map with spatial resolution of 90m and 30m nationwide). For smaller-area drainage basins (e.g. less than 50km in area)2) High precision DEM maps (e.g., 0.5m, 1m, etc. spatial resolution) may be used. DEM maps can be obtained in two general ways: firstly, after being downloaded, the dem images in a large range such as the whole world, the whole country, each province (autonomous region, direct prefecture city) and the like are extracted, the dem images are required to have enough precision, the requirements of comprehensive management of a drainage basin are met, and commonly adopted commands such as Extraction and the like are adopted; and secondly, acquiring terrain data of a research range based on terrain contour lines (usually vectors), and removing abnormal values through processing to generate the DEM.
And step three, generating a depression-free topographic map (DEM). Performing basin hydrological analysis and calculation through Arcgis, specifically comprising three aspects of water flow direction extraction, depression calculation and depression filling: firstly, the water flow direction extraction mainly adopts GIS command flowdirection; secondly, the depression is calculated, a GIS command sink is mainly adopted, thirdly, depression filling is carried out, and GIS command fill is mainly adopted for depression filling and peak clipping. When a hole is filled, the area and the adjacent area are subjected to hole calculation again, and a new hole may be formed, so that hole filling is a repeated process until all holes are filled finally and no new hole is generated, and therefore, water flow direction extraction and hole calculation are repeated after the hole filling until no hole is generated.
And step four, extracting a river network water system of the river basin. And calculating confluence cumulant through Arcgis, and extracting the river network by adopting a GIS command of Flowccumulation. In the river network extraction by Arcgis, a threshold value of confluence accumulation amount is set first, and the generated river water system is compared with the actual river water system, and the adopted GIS command is ratercaculator. If the two are not in accordance with the requirement of adjusting the threshold, the selection of the threshold greatly influences the refinement degree of the river network extraction. Typically, this step often requires repeating multiple processes for different watersheds until the analysis and management requirements are met.
And fifthly, automatically dividing the basin comprehensive treatment control unit. On the basis of river network generation and correction meeting requirements of river basin comprehensive treatment analysis and management, automatic division of river basin control units can be performed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of firstly, generating a grid-shaped river network, performing vectorization, and using a GIS command as StreamtoFeature; secondly, extracting a river network structure, wherein the adopted GIS command is StreamLink; and thirdly, generating a control unit, dividing the Watershed comprehensive treatment control unit by identifying Watershed, wherein the adopted GIS command is Basin or Watershed.
And step six, judging the division result by the control unit. If the error between the area of the divided basin control unit and the actual measured area of the river sub-basin is large (the calculation formula of the division error is as follows), if the division error is larger than 10%, the step of correction needs to be performed additionally, then the division of the basin comprehensive treatment control unit is performed again, and the step seven is performed firstly.
Wherein S isjFor automatically dividing the area of a drainage basin comprehensive treatment control unit, km2；RjActual area, km, for river sub-basins2，MinjTaking the minimum value for the J-th unit J equal to 1,2,3 … J; j is the number of sub-domains with actual measurement area; ER is the partition error,%.
Step seven, correcting the river network expansion range of the drainage basin: and D, if the drainage basin comprehensive treatment control unit obtained in the step five does not meet the error requirement, performing first river network correction. The research range can be expanded to a larger area at the periphery, and particularly, the river network water system is expanded outwards in multiple directions at inaccurate places; utilizing the regenerated larger range to perform the second step, the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step; comparing the area of the control unit generated in the step five with the actual measured area of the river sub-river basin, and if the error between the area of the divided river basin control unit and the actual measured area of the river sub-river basin is not more than 10%, directly outputting the division result of the control unit; and if the error between the area of the divided basin control unit and the actually measured area of the river sub-basin is more than 10%, performing the operation of the step eight. Generally, the steps are affected by the gradient to a great extent by adopting a single-direction algorithm, and the watershed comprehensive treatment unit automatically divided by the steps in a canyon watershed with a clear boundary and a mountain and hill watershed can be consistent with the actual river network sub-watershed. However, in a low-lying drainage area with a relatively flat terrain, random disturbance factors are more frequently required to be further corrected.
Step eight, performing river course burning correction on the river course of the river basin river network, and performing second river course correction on the river basin comprehensive treatment control unit obtained in the step six and the step five if the error requirement cannot be met. If no digital drainage basin water system exists, the drainage basin water system needs to be digitized, the digital drainage basin water system is registered under the same projection coordinate system through geometric correction, meanwhile, the ID attribute of the digitized river channel is set to be 1, the Shp water network is converted into a grid water network (by means of a GIS command polylineteraster), the grid water network and DEM data are superposed and fused, the grid water network and the DEM data are burnt into the DEM after the step three, a new DEM diagram is generated by means of more effective information, an available GIS command Raster calulator is used, and the following inputs 'con (IsNull) (modifier),' DEM 'and' DEM '-A', wherein A is a real number. The method aims to link the grid flow direction into a river network and integrally reduce the elevation of a grid where the river is located by a tiny value. And then, repeating the fourth step and the fifth step until the water system range of the river network is basically consistent with the actual river network water system range, thereby obtaining the automatically divided basin comprehensive treatment control unit.
In short, the research needs to input a basin range diagram and a terrain DEM diagram, comprehensively considers the characteristics of administrative region management range, land utilization and the like, can automatically generate a basin river network water system, compares the basin river network water system with an actual basin river network water system, and can automatically realize the division of basin control units, thereby providing quantitative support for the suggestion, planning, research and design of comprehensive treatment of the basin.
The specific steps and different types of case applications of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Fig. 2 shows the division results of the control units in the integrated treatment of the two river basins of the dragon hillock river and the plateau mountain river. The watershed is located in a Shenzhen, and according to the characteristics and the management requirements of the watershed, 28 control units (as shown in FIG. 2) are obtained by three levels of division according to the technical method of the invention, wherein the division process comprises the following steps: s1 obtaining a GIS (geographic information system) diagram of a research range, S2 obtaining a topographic map with a certain research range precision, S3 generating a topographic map without depressions, S4 extracting river basin and river network water systems, S5 automatically dividing a river basin control unit, and S6 judging a division result. Because the data information provided by Shenzhen in the scheme is good, the topographic map precision is high (the spatial resolution is 12m), and the requirements of river basin comprehensive management planning, engineering design and management can be directly met through the river basin river network water system extracted from the non-hollow topographic map. Therefore, the application of the technical method of the present invention in this case omits the two correction steps S7 and S8.
Example 2
Fig. 3 shows the result of the division of the control unit in the comprehensive treatment of the fresh water river basin in Guangdong province. The watershed relates to Shenzhen and Huizhou, the elements in the Shenzhou are mainly divided and the control elements of the Shenzhen are simplified according to the characteristics of the watershed and the requirements of watershed management, 18 control elements (as shown in FIG. 3) are obtained by automatic division according to the technical method of the invention, and the dividing process comprises the following steps: s1 obtaining a GIS (geographic information system) diagram of a research range, S2 obtaining a topographic map with certain precision of the research range, S3 generating a topographic map without depressions, S4 extracting a river basin and river network water system, S5 automatically dividing a river basin control unit, S6 judging a dividing result, S7 correcting an expansion range of the river network of the river basin, and then automatically dividing the river basin control unit. Different from the high-precision topographic map of the embodiment 1, the embodiment adopts the spatial resolution of the map as 30m, and the step of S7 river network extension range correction is added in the dividing process, so that the extracted river network water system of the drainage basin has certain precision, and the drainage basin comprehensive treatment control unit automatically divided can meet the requirements of drainage basin comprehensive treatment planning, design and management. Therefore, the application of the technical method of the present invention in this case omits the modification step of S8.
Example 3
Fig. 4 shows the result of dividing the control unit in the comprehensive treatment of the river basin of the river in the city of foshan, guangdong province. The river basin range water system is very complicated, the north side of the river basin has great gushes in the southwest of the outer river, the flow direction of the river system in the river basin is complicated, and according to the characteristics of the river basin and the requirements of the river basin management, the dividing process comprises the following steps: s1 obtaining a GIS (geographic information system) diagram of a research range, S2 obtaining a topographic map with certain precision of the research range, S3 generating a topographic map without depressions, S4 extracting a river network water system of a river basin, S5 automatically dividing a river basin control unit, S6 judging a division result, S7 correcting the expansion range of the river network of the river basin and S8 correcting the burning of the river network of the river basin, and then automatically dividing the comprehensive control unit of the river basin. The spatial resolution of the topographic map adopted by the case is 30m, and the step of S7 river network extension range correction is added due to the fact that the catchment range of the great gush in the south and the west of the external river is large, and the generated river system still cannot meet the requirements. The step of S8 river network river channel burning correction is further added, the original topographic map is burned through the space processing of the actual river water system, the extracted river network water system of the river domain and the actual river network water system have higher goodness of fit through adding effective information, and therefore the automatically divided control units can meet the requirements of comprehensive management planning, engineering design and information management of the river domain. All the steps of the technical method are applied in the present case, and finally 29 control units are obtained through automatic division (as shown in fig. 4).
The above-mentioned embodiments are only part of the present invention, and do not cover the whole of the present invention, and on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments and the attached drawings, those skilled in the art can obtain more embodiments without creative efforts, so that the embodiments obtained without creative efforts are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A control unit division method for GIS basin comprehensive treatment is characterized in that: the method adopts Arcgis hydrological analysis and combines the existing river water system calibration method, and comprises the following steps:
step one, acquiring a GIS (geographic information System) map of a research range: the watershed research range is one or more watersheds or administrative regions, and after the research range is defined, digital processing is carried out to generate an shp format diagram;
step two, obtaining a topographic map with certain precision in a research range: extracting geographical elevation information according to the watershed research range obtained in the first step, and removing abnormal values through processing to obtain a DEM (digital elevation model) diagram meeting the requirements of comprehensive management analysis and management of the watershed;
step three, generating a no-hollow terrain map: performing basin hydrological analysis and calculation through Arcgis, wherein the basin hydrological analysis and calculation specifically comprises three aspects of water flow direction extraction, depression calculation and depression filling;
step four, extracting a river network water system of the river basin: calculating confluence cumulant through Arcgis, and extracting the river network, wherein the adopted GIS command is Flow accumulation;
step five, automatically dividing a basin control unit: 1) generating a river network in a grid form, carrying out vectorization, and adopting a GIS command of Stream to Feature; 2) extracting a river network structure, wherein the adopted GIS command is Stream Link; 3) generating a control unit, wherein the adopted GIS command is Basin/Watershed;
step six, judging the division result by the control unit: comparing the generated area of the control unit with the actual measured area of the river sub-basin, and directly outputting the dividing result of the control unit if the error between the area of the divided basin control unit and the actual measured area of the river sub-basin is not more than 10%; if the error between the area of the divided basin control unit and the actually measured area of the river sub-basin is more than 10 percent, executing the operation of the seventh step;
step seven, correcting the river network expansion range of the drainage basin: expanding the study area to a larger peripheral area; utilizing the regenerated larger range to perform the second step, the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step; comparing the area of the control unit generated in the step five with the actual measured area of the river sub-river basin, and if the error between the area of the divided river basin control unit and the actual measured area of the river sub-river basin is not more than 10%, directly outputting the division result of the control unit; if the error between the area of the divided basin control unit and the actually measured area of the river sub-basin is more than 10 percent, executing the operation of the step eight;
eighthly, burning and correcting river channels of the river network of the drainage basin: and D, digitalizing a river network water system of the drainage basin, registering the water system under the same projection coordinate system through geometric correction, setting the ID attribute of the digitalized river channel to be 1, converting the Shp river network into a grid river network, superposing and fusing the grid river network and DEM data, burning the data into the land-free topographic map generated in the third step through the river channel to generate a new DEM map, and repeating the operation of the fourth step, the fifth step and the sixth step.
2. The GIS watershed comprehensive treatment-oriented control unit dividing method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the method for generating the map in the shp format in the first step comprises the following two steps: downloading shp format graphs in a large range from the world, the country, the provinces, cities and counties, extracting a research range, and processing commands including Dissolve and DataExport by adopting a GIS according to data source characteristics; or creating a polygon edition by using Arcgis, converting the longitude and the latitude and setting a projection coordinate by using a command Create Features after the edition is finished, or setting the longitude and the latitude by using a GIS registration tool Georefierceling to finish projection and generating an shp format diagram of a research range.
3. The GIS watershed comprehensive treatment-oriented control unit dividing method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the method for obtaining the DEM in the second step comprises the following steps: downloading and extracting large-scale Dem graphs from the whole world, the whole country and each province; or acquiring topographic data of the research range based on the topographic contour lines to generate the DEM.
4. The GIS watershed comprehensive treatment-oriented control unit dividing method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the concrete operation of the third step is as follows: extracting the water Flow Direction by adopting a GIS command Flow Direction; the depression calculation adopts a GIS command Sink, and the depression filling adopts a GIS command Fill; after the puddle was filled, the water flow direction extraction and the puddle calculation were repeated until no puddle was generated.
5. The GIS watershed comprehensive treatment-oriented control unit dividing method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the river network extraction in the fourth step comprises the following specific operations: firstly, setting a confluence cumulant threshold value, comparing a generated river water system with a real river water system, and adopting a GIS command as a master Calculator; if the two do not meet the requirement, the threshold value is adjusted until the analysis and management requirements are met.
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| RU2014139421A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-04-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Федеральная гидрогенерирующая компания - РусГидро" | A method for the combined search for voids between reinforced concrete slabs and a soil base |
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