CN111504220A - Fiber grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor and working method thereof - Google Patents
Fiber grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111504220A CN111504220A CN202010368587.7A CN202010368587A CN111504220A CN 111504220 A CN111504220 A CN 111504220A CN 202010368587 A CN202010368587 A CN 202010368587A CN 111504220 A CN111504220 A CN 111504220A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
- G01D3/028—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure
- G01D3/036—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure on measuring arrangements themselves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/14—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
Abstract
A fiber grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor and a working method thereof comprise a first base and a second base, wherein one end of the first base opposite to one end of the second base is provided with a first supporting beam and a second supporting beam respectively, a spring beam is arranged in the middle of the first base, an L-cantilever beam is arranged in the middle of the second base, an optical fiber is pasted in a groove at the top of the sensor, a first fiber grating and a second fiber grating are respectively carved at the suspension part of the optical fiber, the L-cantilever beam generates forced vibration and acts on the second fiber grating when measuring vibration, vibration and temperature signals are obtained by performing fast Fourier transform on output signals of the second fiber grating, the first fiber grating generates compression or stretching under the action of strain when measuring strain, the output signals of the first fiber grating are measured to obtain strain signals, and the temperature obtained by measuring the fiber grating is used for performing temperature compensation on the strain signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite sensor, in particular to a fiber grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor and a working method thereof.
Background
As an optical sensor, an optical fiber sensor is widely used for measuring physical quantities, such as physicochemical parameters of temperature, vibration, stress, strain, pressure, and concentration of chemical solvent. The optical fiber sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. In addition, the fiber grating as one of the fiber sensors has the advantages of small volume, light weight, thinness, flexibility, easiness in manufacturing a simple sensor structure, easiness in realizing distributed measurement and the like, and has important application in many engineering fields.
For example, a large energy system often has the influence of factors such as large temperature difference and strong interference. Therefore, when the traditional piezoelectric and piezoresistive sensor is used, a special packaging structure needs to be designed to ensure that the sensor can work normally, and the fiber grating sensor has strong anti-interference capability and corrosion resistance, and does not need a special packaging structure when in use, so that the miniaturization and integration of the sensor can be further realized, and the reliable and real-time data monitoring of an energy system is realized; the existing optical fiber sensor mainly takes single parameter measurement as a main part, the research of the composite optical fiber sensor is less, and most sensors of the optical fiber vibration sensor are provided with larger mass blocks or have lower resonant frequency, so that the optical fiber vibration sensor is not beneficial to vibration measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fiber grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor and a working method thereof, which can realize simultaneous measurement of temperature, vibration and strain signals and have the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity and measurement precision, practicability and high efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a fiber grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor comprises a first base 1 and a second base 2 which are arranged at the same horizontal height, through holes 3 are formed in two sides of the first base 1 and the second base 2, a first supporting beam 4 and a second supporting beam 5 are respectively arranged at one end, opposite to the first base 1 and the second base 2, of the first supporting beam 4 and the second supporting beam 5, a spring beam 6 is connected between the first supporting beam 4 and the second supporting beam 5, L-cantilever beams 7, L-cantilever beams 7, the first supporting beam 4, the second supporting beam 5, a groove 9 is formed in the middle of the tops of the first base 1 and the second base 2, an optical fiber 8 is adhered to the middle of the groove 9, and a first fiber grating 8-1 and a second fiber grating 8-2 are respectively carved at the suspension position of the optical fiber 8.
The L-cantilever beam 7 comprises a connecting beam 7-1 connected to the second base 2 and a mass beam 7-2 arranged on the top of the connecting beam 7-1 in a hanging manner.
The reflection spectra of the first fiber grating 8-1 and the second fiber grating 8-2 do not overlap each other.
The working method based on the fiber bragg grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor comprises the following specific operation steps:
fixing the fiber bragg grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor on the surface of an object to be measured by using a screw through a through hole 3;
step two, measuring strain signals
When strain is measured, the spring beam 6 is bent to generate a compression or tension acting force on the first fiber grating 8-1, and a strain signal is obtained by measuring the variation of the reflection center wavelength of the first fiber grating 8-1;
step three, measuring vibration signals and temperature signals
When the vibration is measured, the L-cantilever beam 7 vibrates along with the vibration, so that the second fiber grating 8-2 is stretched or compressed to generate an alternating strain signal, after the reflection center wavelength of the second fiber grating 8-2 is subjected to fast Fourier transform, the offset at 0Hz is a temperature signal, and the rest signals are vibration signals;
step four, temperature compensation of strain signal
Temperature compensation is carried out on the strain signal obtained by measuring the first fiber bragg grating 8-1 through the temperature signal obtained by measuring the second fiber bragg grating 8-2; under the stress-free effect, a relation curve between an output signal of the first fiber grating 8-1 and the temperature can be obtained by calibration in advance and is called a first fiber grating 8-1 temperature curve, when the first fiber grating 8-1 measures strain, the environment temperature is obtained by measuring the second fiber grating 8-2, and a value corresponding to the temperature is found on the first fiber grating 8-1 temperature curve, namely a strain measurement error caused by the temperature; the value is subtracted from the strain signal output by the first fiber grating 8-1, and temperature compensation is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical advantages:
1. the strain, temperature and vibration can be measured simultaneously through the first fiber bragg grating 8-1 and the second fiber bragg grating 8-2.
2. The second fiber grating 8-2 for measuring vibration is drawn by the L-cantilever beam 7 to be stretched instead of being stuck on the surface of the L-cantilever beam 7, so that the stretching uniformity of the second fiber grating 8-2 can be kept, and the vibration measurement precision is improved.
3. Compared with the cantilever beam with the traditional structure, the L-cantilever beam 7 is used for measuring the vibration signal, so that the sensitivity of vibration measurement can be improved, and higher resonant frequency can be kept, and the vibration with higher frequency can be measured.
4. During strain measurement, the first fiber bragg grating 8-1 is supported and fixed by the spring beam 6, and the spring beam 6 is easy to deform in structure, so that the reaction force of the sensor on the surface of a measured object can be reduced in the strain measurement process, and the influence on the strain distribution of the surface of the measured object is reduced.
5. The spring beam 6 is supported by a thicker supporting beam, so that the first fiber bragg grating 8-1 for strain measurement is not interfered by vibration in a vibration environment, and the precision of the strain measurement is improved.
6. The sensor passes through the through hole 3 through a screw to be connected with a measured object, the strain of the measured object is transmitted to the sensor through the screw, a spring beam of the sensor is easy to bend and deform, and other parts are not easy to deform, so that the strain of the measured object between the through holes 3 is actually transmitted to the fiber bragg grating between the spring beams during strain measurement; the distance between the through holes 3 is larger than the length of the fiber bragg grating, so that the sensor can amplify strain while measuring the strain, and the precision and the sensitivity of strain measurement are improved.
7. Two fiber gratings are engraved on a single optical fiber, and the distance between the two fiber gratings is short, so that the miniaturization and integration of the sensor are facilitated.
In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity and measurement precision, practicability and high efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the structure of the sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural sectional view of the sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the cantilever beam 7 of the present invention L.
In the figure, the optical fiber grating comprises 1, a first base, 2, a second base, 3, a through hole, 4, a first supporting beam, 5, a second supporting beam, 6, a spring beam, 7, L-cantilever beams, 7-1, a connecting beam, 7-2, a mass beam, 8, an optical fiber, 8-1, a first optical fiber grating, 8-2, a second optical fiber grating, 9 and a groove.
Detailed Description
The structural and operational principles of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the fiber grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor comprises a first base 1 and a second base 2 which are arranged at the same horizontal height, through holes 3 are arranged on two sides of the first base 1 and the second base 2, a first supporting beam 4 and a second supporting beam 5 are respectively arranged at one end, opposite to the first base 1 and the second base 2, a spring beam 6 is connected between the first supporting beam 4 and the second supporting beam 5, L-cantilever beams 7, L-cantilever beams 7, the first supporting beam 4, the second supporting beam 5, the first base 1 and the second base 2 are respectively provided with a groove 9 in the middle of the top, an optical fiber 8 is adhered to the middle of the groove 9, and a first fiber grating 8-1 and a second fiber grating 8-2 are respectively carved at the suspended part of the optical fiber 8.
The L-cantilever beam 7 comprises a connecting beam 7-1 connected to the second base 2 and a mass beam 7-2 arranged on the top of the connecting beam 7-1 in a hanging manner.
The reflection spectra of the first fiber grating 8-1 and the second fiber grating 8-2 do not overlap each other.
The working method based on the fiber bragg grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor comprises the following specific operation steps:
fixing the fiber bragg grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor on the surface of an object to be measured by screws through four through holes 3;
step two, measuring strain signals
When strain is measured, the spring beam 6 is bent to generate a compression or tension acting force on the first fiber grating 8-1, and a strain signal is obtained by measuring the variation of the reflection center wavelength of the first fiber grating 8-1;
step three, measuring vibration signals and temperature signals
When the vibration is measured, the L-cantilever beam 7 vibrates along with the vibration, and then the second fiber grating 8-2 is stretched or compressed to generate an alternating strain signal, because the temperature change in the environment is slow relative to the fast change of the vibration, after the fast Fourier transform is carried out on the reflection center wavelength of the second fiber grating 8-2, the offset at 0Hz is a temperature signal, and the rest signals are vibration signals;
step four, temperature compensation of strain signal
Temperature compensation is carried out on the strain signal obtained by measuring the first fiber bragg grating 8-1 through the temperature signal obtained by measuring the second fiber bragg grating 8-2; under the stress-free effect, a relation curve between an output signal of the first fiber grating 8-1 and the temperature can be obtained by calibration in advance and is called a first fiber grating 8-1 temperature curve, when the first fiber grating 8-1 measures strain, the environment temperature is obtained by measuring the second fiber grating 8-2, and a value corresponding to the temperature is found on the first fiber grating 8-1 temperature curve, namely a strain measurement error caused by the temperature; the value is subtracted from the strain signal output by the first fiber grating 8-1, and temperature compensation is realized.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the fiber grating vibration/temperature/strain composite sensor is installed on a measured object through a through hole 3 by using a screw, and L-a cantilever beam 7 has a structure as shown in figure 3, and comprises a connecting beam 7-1 generating bending deformation and a mass beam 7-2 used for increasing the vibration measurement sensitivity.
The method comprises the steps that L-cantilever beam 7 generates forced vibration along with vibration measurement, and the second fiber grating 8-2 is compressed or stretched to generate alternating strain, and a vibration signal can be obtained by performing fast Fourier transform analysis on the reflection center wavelength of the second fiber grating 8-2. meanwhile, temperature change is slow relative to vibration, so that the offset at 0Hz, which is obtained when the fast Fourier transform analysis is performed on the reflection center wavelength of the second fiber grating 8-2, is a temperature signal, in the vibration process, the first supporting beam 4 and the second supporting beam 5 are thick and do not bend obviously, so that the stretching or compressing effect cannot be generated on the first fiber grating 8-1, and the measurement of the first fiber grating 8-1 is not influenced by vibration, during the strain measurement, deformation generated on the surface of an object to be measured acts on the spring beam 6, the spring beam 6 bends under the stress, so that the deformation is applied to the first fiber grating 8-1, and meanwhile, the temperature obtained by the second fiber grating 8-2 measurement can be used for compensating the temperature change of the second fiber grating 8-2 to obtain temperature strain compensation measurement error.
It should be understood that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A fiber grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor comprises a first base (1) and a second base (2) which are arranged at the same horizontal height, and is characterized in that through holes (3) are formed in two sides of the first base (1) and the second base (2), a first supporting beam (4) and a second supporting beam (5) are respectively arranged at one opposite ends of the first base (1) and the second base (2), a spring beam (6) is connected between the first supporting beam (4) and the second supporting beam (5), an L-cantilever beam (7), a L-cantilever beam (7), the first supporting beam (4), the second supporting beam (5), the first base (1) and the second base (2) are centrally provided with a groove (9), an optical fiber (8) is adhered to the center of the groove (9), and a first fiber grating (8-1) and a second fiber grating (8-2) are respectively carved at the suspended positions of the optical fiber (8).
2. The FBG temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor according to claim 1, wherein the L-cantilever beam (7) comprises a connecting beam (7-1) connected to the second base (2) and a mass beam (7-2) suspended on the top of the connecting beam (7-1).
3. The fiber grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the reflection spectra of the first fiber grating (8-1) and the second fiber grating (8-2) do not overlap each other.
4. The working method of the fiber grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor based on claim 1 comprises the following specific operation steps:
fixing the fiber bragg grating temperature/vibration/strain composite sensor on the surface of an object to be measured by using a screw through a through hole (3);
step two, measuring strain signals
When strain is measured, the spring beam (6) is bent to generate a compression or tension acting force on the first fiber grating (8-1), and a strain signal is obtained by measuring the variation of the reflection center wavelength of the first fiber grating (8-1);
step three, measuring vibration signals and temperature signals
When the vibration is measured, the L-cantilever beam (7) vibrates along with the vibration, and then the second fiber grating (8-2) is stretched or compressed to generate an alternating strain signal, after the reflection center wavelength of the second fiber grating (8-2) is subjected to fast Fourier transform, the offset at 0Hz is a temperature signal, and the rest signals are vibration signals;
step four, temperature compensation of strain signal
Temperature compensation is carried out on a strain signal obtained by measuring the first fiber grating (8-1) through a temperature signal obtained by measuring the second fiber grating (8-2); under the stress-free effect, a relation curve between an output signal of the first fiber bragg grating (8-1) and temperature can be obtained by calibration in advance and is called as a first fiber bragg grating (8-1) temperature curve, when the first fiber bragg grating (8-1) measures strain, the environment temperature is obtained by measuring the second fiber bragg grating (8-2), and a value corresponding to the temperature is found on the first fiber bragg grating (8-1) temperature curve, namely a strain measurement error caused by the temperature; the value is subtracted from the strain signal output by the first fiber grating (8-1) to realize temperature compensation.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113008425A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-22 | 武汉理工大学 | Soil pressure and vibration integrated sensing device and preparation method thereof |
| CN113008441A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-22 | 武汉理工大学 | Fiber grating sensor for measuring liquid pressure and vibration |
| CN114199288A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-18 | 上海交通大学 | Temperature-strain-vibration synchronous measurement system based on fiber bragg grating |
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| CN114199288A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-18 | 上海交通大学 | Temperature-strain-vibration synchronous measurement system based on fiber bragg grating |
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