CN111502779A - 一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘 - Google Patents

一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘 Download PDF

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CN111502779A
CN111502779A CN202010186709.0A CN202010186709A CN111502779A CN 111502779 A CN111502779 A CN 111502779A CN 202010186709 A CN202010186709 A CN 202010186709A CN 111502779 A CN111502779 A CN 111502779A
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turbine
blades
integrated
compressor
engine
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张群
程祥旺
李小龙
胡凡
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/021—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for flow machines or engines with only one axial stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/186—Film cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/14—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid characterised by the arrangement of the combustion chamber in the plant
    • F02C3/145—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid characterised by the arrangement of the combustion chamber in the plant the combustion chamber being in the reverse flow-type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F04D25/045—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven the pump wheel carrying the fluid driving means, e.g. turbine blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/30—Vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/441—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/444—Bladed diffusers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/10—Stators
    • F05D2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘，通过采用带分流叶片的离心式压气机和空心轴流式涡轮结构获得较大的压气机增压比和较高的燃气膨胀做工能力，离心式压气机中分流叶片的引入使得压气机在高转速情况下不易发生气流的堵塞，提高压气机的流通效率，将涡轮设计成空心并安装在压气机径向外缘上，使压缩后的冷空气从空心涡轮的内通道，进入回流型燃烧室燃烧，燃烧后的高温气体回流至涡轮外通道，对涡轮做功完成循环，一体化叶轮盘设计大大简化了转子结构，重量减轻，发动机轴向尺寸大大缩短，经压气机压缩的冷空气从空心涡轮内通道流入燃烧室时，能对涡轮叶片冷却降温，为提高涡轮出口温度或降低涡轮材料要求提供了可能。

Description

一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘
技术领域
本发明属于微型燃气涡轮发动机领域，涉及一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘。
背景技术
航空发动机使飞机的“心脏”，在很大程度上决定了航空技术的发展水平，纵观航空航天技术的发展，每一次重大进展都离不开航空发动机技术的发展，由于航空发动机应用的特殊性，它无疑是集中体现了现代动力机械的最先进水平，并代表着新一代动力机械的发展方向。当前，航空发动机的主题仍然是燃气涡轮发动机，燃气涡轮发动机已经由其出色的动力和小尺寸被广泛应用各类动力装置中，正是燃气涡轮发动机的出现，极大地促进了现代航空技术的发展。
微小型航空发动机使航空发动机的一个分支，它与用于大型飞机的航空发动机有明显区别，微型航空发动机是一个极其复杂且先进的热力系统，在现代军事领域以及民用领域得到了广泛的应用，常规涡轮发动机中多采用离心式压气机和向心涡轮以获得较大的做功能力同时缩小涡轮发动机尺寸，然而因其自身结构固有的局限性，涡轮喷气发动机整体尺寸仍然受到限制，为了进一步缩小微型涡轮发动机的尺寸，就需要提出一种更加紧凑高效的新型结构。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提出了一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘。与现有技术相比，本发明不同于常规涡轮发动机将核心机中的压气机，燃烧室和涡轮轴向布置，而是采用压气机与涡轮整合到一个叶轮盘上，并且采用回流型燃烧室，气流在径向上二次折转，以此来缩短核心机的轴向长度，轴向长度的缩短不仅能减轻发动机的重量，而且大大提高了发动机在高速转动时的稳定性。
技术方案
本发明的目的在于提供一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘。
本发明技术方案如下：
一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘，包括：一体化叶轮盘，离心式压气机叶片，离心式压气机分流叶片，空心涡轮叶片，花键槽。其特征在于：一体化叶轮盘前部为离心式压气机，该离心式压气机入口轮毂直径为14-20mm，出口轮毂直径为入口轮毂直径的3-4倍，该压气机主流叶片数量为6，分流叶片数量为6，主流叶片与分流叶片交错排布，主流叶片与分流叶片的叶型均为空间曲面，主流叶片的轴向长度为分流叶片的 2倍，一体化叶轮盘后部为空心轴流式涡轮叶片，叶片数量为30，每个涡轮叶片内部有月牙形流道，相邻涡轮叶片之间留有外通道，内通道与外通道流量之比可根据供油量确定，涡轮叶片上布有气膜冷却孔，冷却空直径为1-3mm，整个一体化叶轮的轴向长度为80-100mm，一体化叶轮盘由中心的花键槽安装固定，一体化微型发动机叶轮盘的具体尺寸应根据发动机整体性能参数进行具体设计，在满足发动机功率和结构强度等前提下，对一体化叶轮盘进行尺寸设计。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
一体化微型发动机叶轮盘与常规涡轮发动机不同，通过将离心式压气机也涡轮叶片整合为一体，大大减小了发动机的轴向长度，减轻了发动机的重量，通过采用回流型燃烧室对气流进行回转，使得发动机的空间得以尽可能利用，该一体化叶轮机经压气机压缩的空气通过涡轮叶片内流道流入燃烧室，能够很好的起到对涡轮叶片的冷却作用，涡轮叶片上的气膜冷却小孔能对叶片二次冷却，大大的延长了涡轮叶片的使用寿命，提升了发动机的性能。
附图说明
图1：一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘三维示意图
图2：一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘主视图
图3：涡轮叶片局部视图
图1中1-离心式压气机叶片2-离心式压气机分流叶片3-花键槽4-涡轮叶片5- 涡轮叶片内通道6-气膜冷却孔7-涡轮叶片外通道
图2中1-离心式压气机叶片2-离心式压气机分流叶片3-花键槽4-涡轮叶片5- 涡轮叶片外通道
图3中1-涡轮叶片2-气膜冷却孔3-涡轮叶片内通道
具体实施方式
现结合附图对本发明作进一步描述：
结合图1、图2、图3，本发明提供了一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘。图1为一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘三维示意图，图2为一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘主视图，图3为涡轮叶片局部视图。
发动机由前端电机启动后，气流经进气道被图1(1)离心式压气机叶片压缩后，由图2(2)离心式压气机分流叶片将气流分股导入到图3(3)涡轮叶片内流道中，少部分气体从图3(2)气膜冷却孔流出在涡轮叶片表面形成一层气膜，剩余大部分气体流入回流型燃烧室与燃油混合燃烧，燃烧后的高温气体从图2(5)涡轮叶片外流道流出，并对图1(4)涡轮叶片做功，完成发动机的工作循环，发动机不仅能在高速旋转时高效稳定的工作，而且图1(4)涡轮叶片能得到很好的冷却，使得燃烧室出口温度能更大，使涡轮具有更强的做功能力的同时，还能有较长的使用寿命。

Claims (4)

1.一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘，包括：一体化叶轮盘，离心式压气机叶片，离心式压气机分流叶片，空心涡轮叶片，花键槽，其特征在于在带有分流叶片的离心式压气机径向外缘通道上安装空心涡轮叶片，空心涡轮叶片的内通道用于向回流型燃烧室提供压缩后的空气，外通道用与燃烧后的高温气体做工。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘，其特征在于：一体化叶轮盘前部为离心式压气机部分，其中主流叶片数量为6，分流叶片数量为6，离心式压气机出口轮毂直径为入口直径的3-4倍，主流叶片的轴向长度为分流叶片的2倍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘，其特征在于：一体化叶轮盘后部为空心轴流式涡轮，涡轮叶片数量为30，单个涡轮叶片有内通道，相邻两涡轮叶片间为外通道，内通道与外通道流量之比可根据发动机工作的实际需求决定,且涡轮叶片上布有用于气膜冷却的冷却孔，冷却孔直径为1-3mm，冷却孔排布方式可由实际情况决定。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘，其特征在于：一体化叶轮盘轮毂中心有一用于安装叶轮盘的花键的花键槽，花键槽的外径为16mm，键宽为6mm，键高为4mm。
CN202010186709.0A 2020-03-17 2020-03-17 一种一体化微型发动机叶轮盘 Pending CN111502779A (zh)

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WO2004011788A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2004-02-05 The Regents Of The University Of California Single rotor turbine
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CN108952964A (zh) * 2018-07-13 2018-12-07 南昌航空大学 一种单一复合叶轮的燃气涡轮发动机
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CN108952964A (zh) * 2018-07-13 2018-12-07 南昌航空大学 一种单一复合叶轮的燃气涡轮发动机
CN110273782A (zh) * 2019-07-12 2019-09-24 南昌航空大学 一种双面新型复合叶轮的微型涡喷发动机

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