CN111499093B - Exogenous sewage ecological treatment system - Google Patents
Exogenous sewage ecological treatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111499093B CN111499093B CN202010280070.2A CN202010280070A CN111499093B CN 111499093 B CN111499093 B CN 111499093B CN 202010280070 A CN202010280070 A CN 202010280070A CN 111499093 B CN111499093 B CN 111499093B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
- B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of water body ecological management and discloses an exogenous sewage ecological treatment system which comprises a biological treatment area arranged in a water body near a sewage discharge outlet, a physical treatment area surrounding the biological treatment area and the sewage discharge outlet to form a closed area, and an aeration device for aerating the bottom of the biological treatment area; the biological treatment area comprises an ecological floating island arranged on the water surface and used for planting aquatic plants and a microorganism growth ecological base connected below the ecological floating island, and the physical treatment area comprises a bearing layer positioned at the bottom of the water body, an adsorption filler layer arranged on the bearing layer and a plant layer arranged on the adsorption filler layer. The invention combines biological treatment and physical treatment, improves the removal efficiency of water pollutants, and has reasonable layout and high space utilization; the modularized installation is realized, the installation is efficient and rapid, the maintenance is simple and convenient, and the shock resistance of the system is strong; the solar energy is used for supplying power, extra power does not need to be supplied, and the running cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water body ecological management, in particular to an exogenous sewage ecological treatment system.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous acceleration of urbanization process, the amount of pollutants received by urban river and lake water is more and more large, although water comprehensive treatment engineering is continuously developed, the phenomenon that exogenous sewage is discharged into rivers and lakes in partial areas due to the incomplete sewage receiving pipes, the unqualified initial rainwater treatment and the like still exists, and the problems of water resource pollution in China are aggravated because the rivers and lakes lack of natural runoff and the limited water dilution self-purification capacity, most of the rivers and lakes gradually deteriorate water quality, and the ecological systems of the rivers and lakes are damaged, so that the water quality of the water is seriously influenced.
At present, methods such as sewage interception, dredging, bank protection and the like are mainly adopted for treating the river channel, the problem of pollution of rivers and lakes can be solved in a short period, but the self-cleaning capacity of water bodies cannot be improved for a long time, the aquatic ecosystem of the rivers and lakes is damaged, and the ecological function of the water bodies cannot be recovered. The ecological water body restoring technology can improve the self-cleaning capacity of the water body, so that the problem of river and lake pollution is fundamentally solved, and therefore, the ecological water body treatment method is paid more and more attention, for example, the 'exogenous river pollution treatment system' disclosed in the Chinese patent literature has the publication number CN108545895A, and comprises a sewage separation wall arranged in a river channel, wherein the sewage separation wall and a river bank form an isolation area, exogenous pollution is discharged into the isolation area through a sewage discharge outlet, and a sewage treatment device, and sewage in the isolation area is treated by a water pump to the sewage treatment device.
However, the sewage ecological treatment system in the prior art mainly depends on the absorption of plant roots to remove pollutants, the treatment capacity is limited, and the treatment effect cannot reach the standard of sewage discharge into a river channel; or the sewage is discharged into the river channel standard, so that the treatment system has large occupied area and high operation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an exogenous ecological sewage treatment system, aiming at overcoming the problems that the ecological sewage treatment system in the prior art mainly depends on plant root systems to absorb and remove pollutants, has limited treatment capacity, can not meet the requirement of treatment effect, and can cause the treatment system to have large floor area and high operation cost in order to meet the standard of sewage discharge into a river channel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an exogenous sewage ecological treatment system comprises a biological treatment area arranged in water body near a sewage discharge outlet, a physical treatment area surrounding the biological treatment area and the sewage discharge outlet to form a closed area, and an aeration device for aerating the bottom of the biological treatment area; the biological treatment area comprises an ecological floating island arranged on the water surface and used for planting aquatic plants and a microorganism growth ecological base connected below the ecological floating island, and the physical treatment area comprises a bearing layer positioned at the bottom of the water body, an adsorption filler layer arranged on the bearing layer and a plant layer arranged on the adsorption filler layer.
The physical treatment area is arranged around the biological treatment area, the internal space of the water body is fully utilized through reasonable layout, the biological treatment and the physical adsorption are combined, and the treatment effect of pollutants is improved. The aquatic plants planted on the ecological floating island in the biological treatment area can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the water body, and the eutrophication of the water body is prevented by harvesting the aquatic plants to reduce the content of nutritive salt in the water body; on the other hand, the aquatic plant releases oxygen to the water body in the photosynthesis process, so that a microenvironment beneficial to the growth and metabolism of microorganisms is formed in a plant rhizosphere region, the microorganisms are gathered on the surface of a plant root system to form a biological membrane, the microorganisms in the membrane can phagocytose and metabolize pollutants in water to be converted into inorganic matters, the inorganic matters become nutrient substances of the plant, the nutrient substances are converted into components of aquatic plant cells through the photosynthesis, the growth of the aquatic plant is promoted, and the content of the pollutants in the water body is reduced.
In order to fully utilize the space in the water body and improve the pollutant treatment effect, the invention arranges the microorganism growth ecological base below the ecological floating island, provides a huge biological attachment surface for the growth and the propagation of aerobic indigenous microorganisms, beneficial algae and the like in the water body, and provides ideal environmental conditions for realizing the diversity of microorganisms and establishing a high-efficiency water ecological system. The microorganism on the ecological base is rich in types and high in activity, and can effectively play the role of absorbing and mineralizing organic matters and N, P by the microorganisms in the water body and adjust the balance of the water body environment.
The supporting layer in the physical treatment area is used for fixing and supporting the adsorption filler layer and the plant layer, the adsorption filler layer is arranged on the supporting layer, on one hand, the pollutants in the water body can be directly subjected to physical adsorption through the filler, on the other hand, the surface of the adsorption filler layer can also be attached with the biological membrane, and the biological membrane can be recycled during physical adsorption to decompose and absorb pollutants in the water body, so that the content of pollutants in the water body can be effectively reduced. A plant layer is planted above the adsorption filler layer, and the plant layer and aquatic plants in the biological treatment area purify the water body together, so that the space is reasonably utilized; and the root system of the plant layer can also absorb part of nutrient substances adsorbed on the filler, so that the service life of the adsorption filler layer is prolonged.
Meanwhile, the invention also aerates and oxygenizes the middle biological treatment area through the aeration device, so that the biological treatment area is converted from oxygen deficiency into oxygen-enriched water, and under the action of dissolved oxygen, organic matters in the water can be decomposed by aerobic microorganisms attached to the surfaces of the microorganism growth ecological base and the roots of aquatic plants; h2S、FeS、NH3The black and odorous substances are oxidized, so that the black and odorous phenomenon in the treatment area can be effectively eliminated; and the aeration can realize the exchange of water from top to bottom, so that the dead water is changed into the running water, and the self-purification effect of the water body is enhanced. Meanwhile, the aeration can wash the roots of the aquatic plants on the ecological floating island, the biological film on the ecological base and the biological film on the filler of the physical treatment layer, so that the falling of the biological film is accelerated, and the efficiency of purifying the water body by the biological film is improved.
After sewage enters the ecological treatment system from the sewage outlet, the sewage enters the biological treatment area, the aquatic plants can absorb partial nutrient substances, the nutrient substances can be transferred by harvesting the aquatic plants, meanwhile, the roots of the aquatic plants and the ecological base can provide a microorganism growth place, and a biomembrane formed after the microorganisms are gathered can phagocytize and metabolize pollutants in water; the aeration device can supplement dissolved oxygen for the water body, so that the water body is in an oxygen-enriched state, the normal running of nitration reaction is ensured, meanwhile, the aeration accelerates the shedding of microorganisms on the filler, the rapid replacement is realized, and the sewage treatment effect is ensured; sewage enters the physical treatment area after passing through the biological treatment area, the adsorption packing layer can continuously adsorb pollutants in water, and meanwhile, a biomembrane formed after the sewage flows through the adsorption packing layer can phagocytose and metabolize pollutants in the water again. Therefore, the invention has reasonable layout, fully utilizes the water body space and greatly improves the removal effect of the water body pollutants by combining various treatment modes.
Preferably, the aeration device comprises a microporous aerator arranged below the microorganism growth ecological base, an aeration fan connected with the microporous aerator and a solar power supply device connected with the aeration fan, wherein the solar power supply device and the aeration fan are arranged above the physical treatment area. The solar power supply device is adopted to supply power to the aeration device, so that extra power is not required to be supplied, and the operation cost is low; the aeration fan and the solar power supply device can be arranged on the surface of the physical treatment area, so that the space is reasonably utilized, and the installation site is saved.
As preferred, the adsorption packing layer in the physical treatment district is formed by the concatenation of a plurality of adsorption module, adsorption module includes module case and the adsorption packing of setting in the module case, module case is including the box that is used for holding adsorption packing and the upper cover of setting in the box top, the box internal surface is equipped with the filter screen, is equipped with evenly distributed's filler hole on the box side, and the box lower surface is equipped with connection arch, one side that the upper cover is close to the box corresponds connection arch department and is equipped with the installation piece, be equipped with corresponding being used for holding on upper cover and the installation piece and connect bellied connecting hole. Adopt the adsorption module to realize the modularization installation in can making the physics treatment district, open the upper cover earlier during the installation and pack into the box with adsorbing the filler, close the upper cover after with the connection arch of top box insert the connecting hole on the box installation piece of below, can connect the formation from top to bottom with the adsorption module and adsorb the packing layer, the installation simple operation, the installation effectiveness is high, can unload upper portion fast when meetting heavy rain, does not influence large-traffic rainwater and discharges away, makes the shock resistance who adsorbs the packing layer strong. The filler hole of box side can make the adsorption filler expose in the water with sewage contact, adsorbs the pollutant in the water and gets rid of, and the filter screen of box internal surface can filter sewage, avoids large granule pollutant to get into the module incasement and influences the adsorption filler performance, can guarantee again that powdered adsorption filler does not reveal into the water, makes things convenient for the filler to retrieve.
Preferably, two opposite side surfaces of the box body are respectively provided with a buckle used for mutually clamping, and the opening directions of the buckles on the two side surfaces are opposite. Set up the buckle in the box side, can realize the connection of module case horizontal direction, couple together through module case about from top to bottom and form the adsorption packing layer, connect conveniently, the installation effectiveness is high, connects the adsorption packing layer that forms and stabilizes, and shock resistance is strong.
Preferably, the adsorption filler is modified waste brick, and the preparation method of the modified waste brick comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning, crushing and screening the building waste bricks to obtain waste brick powder with particle size;
(2) the mass ratio is (100-200): 1, mixing the waste brick powder and the nano titanium dioxide to obtain a mixture, adding 10-12 mol/L nitric acid solution, wherein the mass volume ratio of the mixture to the nitric acid solution is 1 g: (40-50 mL), stirring and reacting for 8-12 h at 70-80 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a carboxylated mixture;
(3) adding excessive thionyl chloride into the carboxylation mixture, refluxing for 3-5 h at 75-80 ℃, and evaporating the thionyl chloride under reduced pressure to obtain an acyl chlorination mixture;
(4) dispersing an acyl chloride mixture in dichloromethane, adding aniline at 0-4 ℃, reacting for 10-12 h under heat preservation, filtering, cleaning and drying to obtain an amidation mixture, wherein the mass volume ratio of the acyl chloride mixture to the dichloromethane to the aniline is 1 g: (40-50 mL): (0.5-1 mL);
(5) adding aniline, hydrochloric acid and NaCl into water, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, adding the amidation mixture into the mixed solution, soaking for 5-8 hours, adding an ammonium persulfate solution at 0-4 ℃, reacting for 20-25 hours at a heat preservation temperature, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified waste brick.
The construction waste is a main component of urban waste, the construction waste bricks account for about 30-50% of the construction waste, and the construction waste bricks have a large number of pores due to sintering, have a large specific surface area, contain active components such as silicon dioxide and activated alumina, and have certain adsorption performance on ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, dye and the like in water, so that the construction waste bricks can be used as an adsorbent in water treatment, and the purposes of waste utilization and waste treatment by waste are achieved. However, when the waste building bricks are directly used as the adsorption filler, the adsorption performance is limited, and the removal effect of the pollutants cannot meet the requirements. Therefore, the nano titanium dioxide is added into the waste brick powder, has high-efficiency photocatalytic activity, can utilize sunlight to catalyze and degrade most organic and inorganic pollutants in water, and improves the removal effect of the pollutants, but the nano titanium dioxide has small particle size and large surface energy, is easy to agglomerate when directly mixed with the waste bricks in water, and influences the degradation performance of the waste bricks on the pollutants.
Therefore, the waste brick powder and the nano titanium dioxide are subjected to surface treatment through the steps (2) to (4), carboxyl is introduced on the surfaces of the waste brick powder and the nano titanium dioxide through nitric acid oxidation, then acyl chloride groups are introduced through acyl chlorination reaction of the carboxyl, and aniline is introduced on the surfaces of the waste brick powder and the nano titanium dioxide through amidation reaction of the acyl chloride groups and the aniline; and (5) performing graft polymerization on the aniline monomer, the waste brick powder and aniline introduced to the surface of the nano titanium dioxide to generate polyaniline so as to connect the waste brick powder and the nano titanium dioxide.
The nano titanium dioxide is connected with the waste brick powder through the middle polyaniline layer, so that the surface energy of the nano titanium dioxide is reduced, the dispersity of the nano titanium dioxide is improved, the nano titanium dioxide can be effectively prevented from being agglomerated, and the good catalytic degradation performance of the nano titanium dioxide on pollutants is maintained; secondly, the middle polyaniline layer contains a large amount of amino and imino functional groups, so that the polyaniline layer has good complexing effect on heavy metal ions, and the removal effect of the adsorption filler on the heavy metal ions in the sewage can be improved; finally, the polyaniline layer connects the nano titanium dioxide with the waste brick powder, the waste brick powder can be combined with the characteristics of the nano titanium dioxide, the waste brick can adsorb pollutants, the targeted enrichment of the pollutants is realized, the pollutants after enrichment are degraded under the catalysis of the nano titanium dioxide, and the removal effect of the pollutants in the water body is effectively improved.
In the step (5), hydrochloric acid is required to be added during aniline polymerization to provide a required acidic environment and proton source for polymerization reaction, but the adsorption effect of waste brick powder on ammonia nitrogen can be reduced after the waste brick powder is modified and soaked by acid, so that NaCl is simultaneously added into mixed liquor, and sodium ions are used for replacing cations with larger radius, such as aluminum ions, calcium ions and the like, in the waste brick pores, so that the effective pore diameter of the waste brick powder is enlarged, the steric hindrance is reduced, the internal diffusion speed is accelerated, and the reduction of the adsorption capacity of the waste brick powder on ammonia nitrogen is effectively avoided.
Therefore, the modified waste bricks in the invention are used as the adsorption filler in the ecological treatment system, and the removal effect of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matters, heavy metal ions and the like in the water body can be effectively improved.
Preferably, in the mixed solution in the step (5), the volume ratio of aniline to water is 1: (50-100), wherein the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid is 4-6%, and the mass fraction of the NaCl is 9-11%; the mass-to-volume ratio of the amidation mixture to the mixed solution was 1 g: (50-100 mL); the mass fraction of the ammonium persulfate solution is 1-2%, and the volume ratio of the added ammonium persulfate solution to the mixed solution is 1: (50-100).
Preferably, the supporting layer in the physical treatment area is conical, one side of the top of the cone is inserted into the bottom of the water body, and one side of the bottom of the cone is connected with the adsorption filler layer above the cone. The tapered bearing layer is adopted, the bearing layer can be inserted into a water body, and the bearing layer is prevented from being incapable of providing effective support for the upper adsorption packing layer and the plant layer due to the existence of masonry or insufficient flatness at the bottom of the water body.
Preferably, the plant layer in the physical treatment zone is emergent aquatic plants. Emergent aquatic plants are planted above the adsorption filler layer in an earthing mode, so that the space can be reasonably utilized, and the sewage treatment effect is further improved.
Preferably, the ecological floating island in the biological treatment area is formed by splicing ecological floating pots, and emergent aquatic plants and/or floating plants are planted in the ecological floating pots. The ecological floating island formed by splicing the biological floating pots can effectively float on the water surface, so that aquatic plants grow on the water surface, and the root system is in the water body to absorb pollutants in the water body.
Preferably, the microorganism growth ecological base in the biological treatment area is carbon fiber grass or braided biological ropes. The carbon fiber grass and braid type biological rope has a pore structure suitable for the growth of microorganisms, can provide a huge biological attachment surface for the growth and the propagation of aerobic indigenous microorganisms, beneficial algae and the like in a water body, and is favorable for improving the sewage treatment effect.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) biological treatment and physical treatment are combined, and meanwhile, the biological treatment comprises aquatic plant treatment and microbial treatment through reasonable layout, so that under the combined action of multiple treatment modes, the removal efficiency of water pollutants is improved, the layout is reasonable, and the space utilization is high;
(2) the physical treatment area realizes modular installation by using the module box, the installation is efficient and quick, the maintenance is simple and convenient, the upper part can be quickly unloaded in heavy rain, the large-flow rainwater is not influenced to be discharged, and the shock resistance of the system is strong;
(3) the aeration device is powered by solar energy, no additional power is needed, and the operation cost is low;
(4) the modified waste brick is used as an adsorption filler, waste brick powder in the modified waste brick has a good adsorption effect on nitrogen and phosphorus, nano titanium dioxide can be used for photo-catalytic oxidation of pollutants, a polyaniline layer can be used for complexing heavy metal ions, and the removal effect on various pollutants in a water body is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a biological treatment zone according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the physical processing area of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the modular case of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a top view of the inventive modular case.
In the figure: 1 sewage outlet, 2 biological treatment areas, 201 ecological floating islands, 2011 ecological floating basins, 2012 aquatic plants, 202 microorganism growth ecological bases, 3 physical treatment areas, 301 supporting layers, 302 adsorption filler layers, 3021 box bodies, 3022 upper covers, 3023 filler holes, 3024 connecting bulges, 3025 mounting blocks, 3026 connecting holes, 3027 buckles, 3028 filter screens, 303 plant layers, 401 microporous aerators, 402 aeration fans and 403 solar power supply devices.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the exogenous sewage ecological treatment system used in the embodiments of the invention comprises a biological treatment area 2 arranged in water body near a sewage draining exit 1, a physical treatment area 3 surrounding the biological treatment area and the sewage draining exit to form a closed area, and an aeration device for aerating the bottom of the biological treatment area.
As shown in fig. 2, the biological treatment area includes an ecological floating island 201 disposed on the water surface and a microorganism-growing ecological base 202 connected below the ecological floating island. The ecological floating island is formed by splicing ecological floating pots 2011, aquatic plants 2012 are planted in the ecological floating pots, and the aquatic plants comprise emergent aquatic plants such as canna, iris, calamus and the like, and floating plants such as lentinus edodes, grass gathering and the like. The microorganism growth ecological base is carbon fiber grass hung at the bottom of the ecological floating pot.
As shown in fig. 3, the physical treatment area includes a support layer 301 located at the bottom of the water body, an adsorption filler layer 302 disposed on the support layer, and a plant layer 303 disposed on the adsorption filler layer, wherein the plant layer is planted with emergent aquatic plants such as canna, iris, and Acorus calamus. The bearing layer is conical, one side of the conical top is inserted into the bottom of the water body, and one side of the conical bottom is connected with the adsorption filler layer above. The adsorption packing layer is formed by splicing a plurality of adsorption modules, and each adsorption module comprises a module box and adsorption packing arranged in the module box.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the module box includes a box body 3021 for containing adsorption packing and an upper cover 3022 disposed above the box body, a filter screen 3028 is disposed on the inner surface of the box body, evenly distributed packing holes 3023 are disposed on the side surface of the box body, connecting protrusions 3024 are disposed on four corners of the lower surface of the box body, mounting blocks 3025 are disposed on four corners of one side of the upper cover close to the box body, and corresponding connecting holes 3026 for containing the connecting protrusions are disposed on the upper cover and the mounting blocks. Two sides are equipped with "ear type" buckle 3027 that are used for joint of each other respectively about the box, and the buckle opening on the left side is preceding, and the buckle opening on the right side is backward.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the aeration device comprises a microporous aerator 401 arranged below the microorganism growth ecological base, and an aeration fan 402 and a solar power supply device 403 which are arranged above the physical treatment area, wherein the solar power supply device is connected with the aeration fan, and the aeration fan is connected with the microporous aerator.
When the ecological treatment system is installed, firstly, ecological floating pots planted with aquatic plants are spliced near a sewage discharge outlet to form an ecological floating island, and then a microorganism growth ecological base is hung at the bottom of the ecological floating pot, so that the distance between the microorganism growth ecological base and the water bottom is 20cm, and a biological treatment area is formed; then along the periphery of the biological treatment area, inserting a bearing layer into the bottom of the water body to form a closed area, then connecting all adsorption modules on the bearing layer up and down, left and right through connecting bulges and buckles to form an adsorption filler layer, and finally covering soil on the top of the adsorption filler layer to plant a plant layer to form a physical treatment area; the solar power supply device and the aeration fan are connected and installed above the physical treatment area, the microporous aerator and the aeration fan are connected and placed at the water bottom below the microorganism growth ecological base, the connection and installation of the aeration device are completed, and the ecological treatment system can be used.
When the ecological sewage treatment system is used, sewage enters the ecological treatment system from the sewage outlet and then enters the biological treatment area, the aquatic plants can absorb partial nutrient substances, the nutrient substances can be transferred by harvesting the aquatic plants, meanwhile, the roots of the aquatic plants and the ecological base can provide a microbial growth place, and a biomembrane formed after the microorganisms are gathered can phagocytize and metabolize pollutants in water; the aeration device can supplement dissolved oxygen for the water body, so that the water body is in an oxygen-enriched state, the normal running of nitration reaction is ensured, meanwhile, the aeration accelerates the shedding of microorganisms on the filler, the rapid replacement is realized, and the sewage treatment effect is ensured; sewage enters the physical treatment area after passing through the biological treatment area, the adsorption packing layer can continuously adsorb pollutants in water, and meanwhile, a biomembrane formed after the sewage flows through the adsorption packing layer can phagocytose and metabolize pollutants in the water again.
Example 1:
the adsorption filler in the physical treatment area adopts waste brick powder.
Example 2:
the adsorption filler in the physical treatment area adopts a mixture of waste brick powder and nano titanium dioxide with the mass ratio of 150: 1.
Example 3:
the adsorption filler in the physical treatment area adopts modified waste bricks, and the preparation method of the modified waste bricks comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning, crushing and screening the building waste bricks to obtain waste brick powder with particle size;
(2) and (2) mixing the following components in percentage by mass 150:1, mixing the waste brick powder and the nano titanium dioxide to obtain a mixture, adding 11mol/L nitric acid solution, wherein the mass volume ratio of the mixture to the nitric acid solution is 1 g: 45mL, stirring and reacting at 75 ℃ for 10h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a carboxylated mixture;
(3) adding excessive thionyl chloride into the carboxylation mixture, refluxing for 4 hours at 78 ℃, and evaporating the thionyl chloride under reduced pressure to obtain an acyl chlorination mixture;
(4) dispersing an acyl chloride mixture in dichloromethane, adding aniline at 0 ℃, preserving heat for reaction for 11h, filtering, cleaning and drying to obtain an amidation mixture, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the acyl chloride mixture to the dichloromethane and the aniline is 1 g: 45mL of: 0.6 mL;
(5) adding aniline, hydrochloric acid and NaCl into water, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, adding an amidation mixture into the mixed solution, soaking for 6 hours, adding an ammonium persulfate solution at 0 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 24 hours, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified waste brick, wherein in the mixed solution, the volume ratio of aniline to water is 1: 90, the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid is 5 percent, and the mass fraction of the NaCl is 10 percent; the mass-to-volume ratio of the amidation mixture to the mixed solution was 1 g: 70 mL; the mass fraction of the ammonium persulfate solution is 1.5%, and the volume ratio of the added ammonium persulfate solution to the mixed solution is 1: 90.
example 4:
the adsorption filler in the physical treatment area adopts modified waste bricks, and the preparation method of the modified waste bricks comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning, crushing and screening the building waste bricks to obtain waste brick powder with particle size;
(2) and (2) mixing the following components in percentage by mass as 100: 1, mixing the waste brick powder and the nano titanium dioxide to obtain a mixture, adding a 10mol/L nitric acid solution, wherein the mass volume ratio of the mixture to the nitric acid solution is 1 g: 40mL, stirring and reacting for 8h at 70 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a carboxylated mixture;
(3) adding excessive thionyl chloride into the carboxylation mixture, refluxing for 3 hours at 75 ℃, and evaporating the thionyl chloride under reduced pressure to obtain an acyl chlorination mixture;
(4) dispersing an acyl chloride mixture in dichloromethane, adding aniline at 0 ℃, preserving heat for reaction for 10 hours, filtering, cleaning and drying to obtain an amidation mixture, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the acyl chloride mixture to the dichloromethane and the aniline is 1 g: 40mL of: 0.5 mL;
(5) adding aniline, hydrochloric acid and NaCl into water, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, adding an amidation mixture into the mixed solution, soaking for 5 hours, adding an ammonium persulfate solution at 0 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 20 hours, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified waste brick, wherein in the mixed solution, the volume ratio of aniline to water is 1: 50, the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid is 4 percent, and the mass fraction of the NaCl is 9 percent; the mass-to-volume ratio of the amidation mixture to the mixed solution was 1 g: 100 mL; the mass fraction of the ammonium persulfate solution is 1%, and the volume ratio of the added ammonium persulfate solution to the mixed solution is 1: 100.
example 5:
the adsorption filler in the physical treatment area adopts modified waste bricks, and the preparation method of the modified waste bricks comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning, crushing and screening the building waste bricks to obtain waste brick powder with particle size;
(2) and (2) mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 200: 1, mixing the waste brick powder and the nano titanium dioxide to obtain a mixture, adding a 12mol/L nitric acid solution, wherein the mass volume ratio of the mixture to the nitric acid solution is 1 g: 50mL, stirring and reacting at 80 ℃ for 12h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a carboxylated mixture;
(3) adding excessive thionyl chloride into the carboxylation mixture, refluxing for 5 hours at 80 ℃, and evaporating the thionyl chloride under reduced pressure to obtain an acyl chlorination mixture;
(4) dispersing an acyl chloride mixture in dichloromethane, adding aniline at 4 ℃, reacting for 12 hours under heat preservation, filtering, cleaning and drying to obtain an amidation mixture, wherein the mass volume ratio of the acyl chloride mixture to the dichloromethane and the aniline is 1 g: 50mL of: 1 mL;
(5) adding aniline, hydrochloric acid and NaCl into water, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, adding an amidation mixture into the mixed solution, soaking for 8 hours, adding an ammonium persulfate solution at 4 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 25 hours, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified waste brick, wherein in the mixed solution, the volume ratio of aniline to water is 1: 100, the mass fraction of hydrochloric acid is 6 percent, and the mass fraction of NaCl is 11 percent; the mass-to-volume ratio of the amidation mixture to the mixed solution was 1 g: 50 mL; the mass fraction of the ammonium persulfate solution is 2%, and the volume ratio of the added ammonium persulfate solution to the mixed solution is 1: 50.
the adsorption filler in the above embodiments is used in the ecological treatment system to treat the sewage for 7 days, and the removal rate of the pollutants in the water body is shown in table 1.
Table 1: efficiency of contaminant removal.
| Numbering | Total nitrogen removal (%) | Total phosphorus removal (%) | COD removal Rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 32.8 | 26.1 | 27.3 |
| Examples2 | 37.5 | 30.4 | 38.6 |
| Example 3 | 38.3 | 31.2 | 46.7 |
| Example 4 | 36.5 | 31.6 | 43.5 |
| Example 5 | 37.7 | 30.8 | 42.4 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the ecological treatment system of the present invention has a good effect of removing nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients and organic pollutants in wastewater. In example 2, the waste brick powder and the nano-silica are directly mixed to be used as the adsorption filler, and the removal rate of the organic matters is obviously reduced compared with that when the modified waste brick is used as the adsorption filler in examples 3 to 5, which proves that the modified waste brick can effectively improve the removal effect of the organic matters in the wastewater.
Claims (8)
1. An exogenous sewage ecological treatment system is characterized by comprising a biological treatment area (2) arranged in a water body near a sewage draining outlet (1), a physical treatment area (3) surrounding the biological treatment area and the sewage draining outlet to form a closed area, and an aeration device for aerating the bottom of the biological treatment area; the biological treatment area comprises an ecological floating island (201) arranged on the water surface and used for planting aquatic plants (2012) and a microorganism growth ecological base (202) connected below the ecological floating island, and the physical treatment area comprises a bearing layer (301) positioned at the bottom of a water body, an adsorption filler layer (302) arranged on the bearing layer and a plant layer (303) arranged on the adsorption filler layer; the adsorption packing layer in the physical treatment area is formed by splicing a plurality of adsorption modules, each adsorption module comprises a module box and adsorption packing arranged in the module box, each module box comprises a box body (3021) used for containing the adsorption packing and an upper cover (3022) arranged above the box body, a filter screen (3028) is arranged on the inner surface of each box body, evenly distributed packing holes (3023) are formed in the side surface of each box body, a connecting bulge (3024) is formed in the lower surface of each box body, a mounting block (3025) is arranged at the position, corresponding to the connecting bulge, of one side, close to the box body, of each upper cover, and corresponding connecting holes (3026) used for containing the connecting bulges are formed in the upper covers and the mounting blocks;
the adsorption filler is modified waste bricks, and the preparation method of the modified waste bricks comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning, crushing and screening the building waste bricks to obtain waste brick powder with particle size;
(2) the mass ratio is (100-200): 1, mixing the waste brick powder and the nano titanium dioxide to obtain a mixture, adding 10-12 mol/L nitric acid solution, wherein the mass volume ratio of the mixture to the nitric acid solution is 1 g: (40-50 mL), stirring and reacting for 8-12 h at 70-80 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a carboxylated mixture;
(3) adding excessive thionyl chloride into the carboxylation mixture, refluxing for 3-5 h at 75-80 ℃, and evaporating the thionyl chloride under reduced pressure to obtain an acyl chlorination mixture;
(4) dispersing an acyl chloride mixture in dichloromethane, adding aniline at 0-4 ℃, reacting for 10-12 h under heat preservation, filtering, cleaning and drying to obtain an amidation mixture, wherein the mass volume ratio of the acyl chloride mixture to the dichloromethane to the aniline is 1 g: (40-50 mL): (0.5-1 mL);
(5) adding aniline, hydrochloric acid and NaCl into water, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, adding the amidation mixture into the mixed solution, soaking for 5-8 hours, adding an ammonium persulfate solution at 0-4 ℃, reacting for 20-25 hours at a heat preservation temperature, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified waste brick.
2. The ecological treatment system for the exogenous sewage according to claim 1, wherein the aeration device comprises a microporous aerator (401) arranged below the ecological base for the growth of the microorganisms, an aeration fan (402) connected with the microporous aerator, and a solar power supply device (403) connected with the aeration fan, and the solar power supply device and the aeration fan are arranged above the physical treatment area.
3. The ecological treatment system for the exogenous sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein two opposite side surfaces of the box body are respectively provided with a buckle (3027) for being clamped with each other, and the opening directions of the buckles on the two side surfaces are opposite.
4. The ecological treatment system for the exogenous sewage according to claim 1, wherein in the mixed liquid in the step (5), the volume ratio of the aniline to the water is 1: (50-100), wherein the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid is 4-6%, and the mass fraction of the NaCl is 9-11%; the mass-to-volume ratio of the amidation mixture to the mixed solution was 1 g: (50-100 mL); the mass fraction of the ammonium persulfate solution is 1-2%, and the volume ratio of the added ammonium persulfate solution to the mixed solution is 1: (50-100).
5. The ecological exogenous sewage treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the supporting layer in the physical treatment area is conical, one side of the vertex of the cone is inserted into the bottom of the water body, and one side of the bottom of the cone is connected with the adsorption filler layer above the cone.
6. The ecological treatment system for sewage with external source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant layer in the physical treatment area is emergent aquatic plants.
7. The ecological treatment system for the exogenous sewage according to claim 1, wherein the ecological floating island in the biological treatment area is formed by splicing ecological floating basins (2011), and the aquatic plants planted in the ecological floating basins are emergent aquatic plants and/or floating plants.
8. The ecological exogenous sewage treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the microbial growth ecological base in the biological treatment area is a carbon fiber grass or braided biological rope.
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