CN111497925B - Forklift steering axle and forklift - Google Patents
Forklift steering axle and forklift Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111497925B CN111497925B CN201910093531.2A CN201910093531A CN111497925B CN 111497925 B CN111497925 B CN 111497925B CN 201910093531 A CN201910093531 A CN 201910093531A CN 111497925 B CN111497925 B CN 111497925B
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- steering
- transmission gear
- forklift
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D3/00—Steering gears
- B62D3/02—Steering gears mechanical
- B62D3/12—Steering gears mechanical of rack-and-pinion type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
- B62D5/20—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle specially adapted for particular type of steering gear or particular application
- B62D5/22—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle specially adapted for particular type of steering gear or particular application for rack-and-pinion type
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
- Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a fork truck steer axle and fork truck, this fork truck steer axle include the pontic, motor, steering gear, steering rack, left steering mechanism and right steering mechanism, steering gear with the steering rack meshing, steering rack's both ends respectively with left steering mechanism with right steering mechanism links to each other, the motor is used for the drive steering gear is rotatory, thereby drives control about the steering rack to realize that the wheel turns to. The forklift steering axle takes the motor as a unique power source, does not need to share the power source with other power systems, only needs to start the motor to drive the wheels to steer when the forklift steers, and does not need to start other power sources, so that the waste of energy can be avoided; and, this disclosure adopts the motor as the power supply on the one hand for the precision of power supply itself is higher, and on the other hand adopts mechanical drive mechanism such as rack and pinion, makes the transmission precision also higher, and consequently fork truck steer axle has higher steering precision.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a fork truck steering mechanism specifically relates to a fork truck steering axle and fork truck.
Background
The existing forklift steering mechanism usually adopts an oil pump to drive a hydraulic steering system to realize wheel steering, and the hydraulic driving mode has the following defects:
1. the energy consumption of the forklift is high: under the general condition, only one oil pump is arranged on the forklift, power is provided for a working system to meet the lifting working condition, power is provided for a hydraulic steering system to achieve steering, the flow and pressure of the oil pump are generally high, the flow and pressure required by the hydraulic steering system are low, if the forklift does not perform lifting operation, the oil pump needs to be started only when the forklift needs to steer, the phenomenon that a trolley is pulled by a big horse can occur, power waste is caused, and energy consumption loss is high.
2. The control precision is low: because the hydraulic steering system is composed of a cycloid rotor pump, a distributing valve and the like, the internal leakage is large, the steering wheel corner and the wheel corner cannot be in constant correspondence, and under different wheel loads and road conditions, the steering wheel corners are different when the steering wheel rotates by the same angle, so that the middle position of the steering wheel can be shifted frequently, and a driver can feel missense to reduce the safety; and the response speed is slow by means of hydraulic control, which also reduces the accuracy of steering wheel control.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing a fork truck steer axle, this fork truck steer axle energy consumption is few, the precision that turns to is high.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present disclosure provides a forklift steering axle, including the axle body, motor, steering gear, steering rack, left steering mechanism and right steering mechanism, steering gear with steering rack meshes, steering rack's both ends respectively with left steering mechanism with right steering mechanism links to each other, the motor is used for the drive steering gear is rotatory, thereby drives steering rack removes to realize that the wheel turns to.
Optionally, each steering mechanism includes connecting rod, rocking arm, king pin and wheel support, the one end of connecting rod with the tip of steering rack rotates to be connected, the other end of connecting rod with the one end of rocking arm rotates to be connected, the other end of rocking arm with the king pin is connected, and the both ends of pontic are formed with the king pin seat, the king pin is rotationally worn to locate the king pin seat, the lower extreme of king pin with wheel support fixed connection.
Optionally, one end of the rocker arm is connected with the connecting rod, the other end of the rocker arm is formed into a sleeve, and the sleeve is sleeved on the main pin and is connected with the main pin through a key.
Optionally, the steering rack is located above the axle body, the rocker arm is connected with the upper section of the kingpin, and the lower section of the kingpin penetrates through the kingpin holder.
Optionally, be provided with the bearing in the swizzle seat, the bearing housing is established on the swizzle, fork truck steer axle still includes the bearing cap, the bearing cap is installed on the pontic and the lid establish the upper end at the swizzle seat, the swizzle runs through the bearing cap, the bearing cap with be provided with first sealing washer between the swizzle.
Optionally, the bearing includes a first tapered roller bearing and a second tapered roller bearing which are arranged at an interval, the first tapered roller bearing is located below the second tapered roller bearing, one side of the first tapered roller bearing abuts against a step surface on the main pin, and the other side of the first tapered roller bearing abuts against a step surface on the inner wall of the main pin base; one side of the second tapered roller bearing is abutted with a step surface on the inner wall of the main pin base, and the other side of the second tapered roller bearing is abutted with a nut installed on the main pin.
Optionally, the forklift steering axle further comprises a support plate and a connecting plate, the upper end of the connecting plate is connected with the support plate, the lower end of the connecting plate is connected with the bearing cover, and the upper end of the king pin is rotatably mounted on the support plate.
Optionally, the forklift steering axle further comprises a limiting member, and the limiting member is mounted on the connecting plate and used for limiting the rotation angle of the rocker arm.
Optionally, the forklift steering axle further comprises an upper housing, the upper housing is located above the axle body and fixedly connected with the axle body, and the steering rack is mounted on the upper housing and penetrates through the upper housing.
Optionally, the steering rack is cylindrical structure, the steering rack includes left section, middle section, right side section, be formed with the tooth on the middle section, the middle section is located the upper casing, left side section with right side section is worn out the upper casing in order respectively with left steering mechanism with right steering mechanism links to each other, left side section with go up between the casing and right side section with go up and all be provided with uide bushing and second sealing washer between the casing.
Optionally, the forklift steering axle further comprises a speed reducing mechanism, the motor is installed on the axle body, the motor is connected with the steering rack through the speed reducing mechanism, a cavity is formed in the axle body, the upper shell is sealed, an upper end opening of the cavity is formed in the axle body, and the axle body defines a closed space for accommodating the speed reducing mechanism.
Optionally, the speed reducing mechanism includes a first installation shaft, a second installation shaft, a third installation shaft, a fourth installation shaft, a first transmission gear, a second transmission gear, a third transmission gear, a fourth transmission gear, a fifth transmission gear and a sixth transmission gear, the first installation shaft, the second installation shaft and the third installation shaft are installed in the bridge body, the fourth installation shaft is installed in the upper shell, the first transmission gear is installed on the first installation shaft, the second transmission gear and the third transmission gear are installed on the second installation shaft, the fourth transmission gear and the fifth transmission gear are installed on the third installation shaft, the sixth transmission gear and the steering gear are installed on the fourth installation shaft, an output shaft of the motor is connected with the first installation shaft, and the first transmission gear is engaged with the second transmission gear, the third transmission gear is meshed with the fourth transmission gear, the fifth transmission gear is meshed with the sixth transmission gear, the diameter of the first transmission gear is smaller than that of the second transmission gear, the diameter of the second transmission gear is larger than that of the third transmission gear, the diameter of the third transmission gear is smaller than that of the fourth transmission gear, the diameter of the fourth transmission gear is larger than that of the fifth transmission gear, the diameter of the fifth transmission gear is smaller than that of the sixth transmission gear, and the diameter of the sixth transmission gear is larger than that of the steering gear.
Optionally, the motor is located outside the bridge.
Optionally, be provided with on the upper casing be used for to pour into the oil filler point of lubricating oil in the cavity into, be provided with on the bridge body and be used for the bleeder the oil drain hole of lubricating oil in the cavity, the oil drain hole is located the bottom of bridge body, the oil filler point is located the top of upper casing, the oil filler point is installed the oil filler point and is blockked up, be formed with the exhaust hole on the oil filler point plug, the oil drain hole is closed by the oil drain hole blanking cover.
The present disclosure also provides a forklift comprising the forklift steering axle as described above.
Through the technical scheme, the forklift steering axle provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the advantages of low energy consumption and high steering precision. Specifically, through above-mentioned structure, fork truck steering axle need not and other driving system sharing power supplies with the motor as unique power supply, only need the starter motor drive wheel to turn to when fork truck turns to, need not start other power supplies, consequently can avoid the waste of energy. In addition, in the embodiment of the disclosure, on one hand, the motor is used as a power source, so that the precision of the power source is relatively high, and on the other hand, the mechanical transmission mechanisms such as a gear rack and the like are used, so that the transmission precision is relatively high.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure without limiting the disclosure. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a forklift steer axle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of a forklift steer axle provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the forklift steer axle of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a forklift steer axle provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a side view of a forklift steer axle provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3;
fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line D-D in fig. 6.
Description of the reference numerals
1 main pin base of bridge body 101
1011 first tapered roller bearing 1012 second tapered roller bearing
102 bearing cap 103 support shaft
104 first mounting cover 105 oil level hole
Mounting hole of 106 oil drain hole 107
108 supporting plate 109 connecting plate
2 output shaft of motor 201
3 steering gear 4 steering rack
401 left section 402 middle section
403 right segment 404 guide sleeve
405 second sealing ring 406 thread insert
5 connecting rod 6 rocker
601 arm 602 sleeve
7 kingpin 701 key
702 nut 8 wheel support
9 corner sensor 10 end cover
11 hub 1101 hub axle
1102 hub base 1103 dust cap
12 tire 13 stopper
14 upper shell 1401 second mounting cover
1402 oil filler hole 15 first mounting shaft
1501 a first drive gear 16 and a second mounting shaft
1601 second drive gear 1602 third drive gear
17 third mounting shaft 1701 fourth transfer gear
1702 fifth transfer gear 18 fourth mounting shaft
1801 sixth drive gear
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present disclosure, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a forklift steering axle, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the forklift steering axle includes an axle body 1, a motor 2, a steering gear 3, a steering rack 4, a left steering mechanism and a right steering mechanism, specifically, the steering gear 3 is engaged with the steering rack 4, two ends of the steering rack 4 are respectively connected with the left steering mechanism and the right steering mechanism, the left steering mechanism and the right steering mechanism are respectively fixedly connected with a hub 11 of a wheel, the motor 2 is used for driving the steering gear 3 to rotate, the steering gear 3 can drive the steering rack 4 to move left and right, the steering rack 4 drives the left steering mechanism and the right steering mechanism to rotate, thereby driving left and right hubs of a forklift to steer, and realizing steering of the wheel.
Through the structure, the motor 2 is used as a unique power source of the forklift steering axle, the power source is not required to be shared with other power systems, the motor 2 is only started to drive the wheels to steer when the forklift steers, and other power sources are not required to be started, so that the waste of energy can be avoided; in addition, in the embodiment of the disclosure, on one hand, the motor 2 is used as a power source, so that the precision of the power source itself is relatively high, and on the other hand, a mechanical transmission mechanism such as a gear rack is used, so that the transmission precision is also relatively high. .
In addition, the motor 2 in the embodiment of the present disclosure may be a servo motor, a stepping motor, etc., as an optional implementation manner, a signal generator may be installed in a steering column of the forklift, the signal generator may be connected to a control winding of the motor 2, when a steering wheel is turned, the signal generator may be triggered to generate a level signal, the motor 2 starts to rotate when receiving the level signal, and the rotational motion of the motor 2 is converted into a linear motion of the steering rack 4 through the transmission of the steering gear 3, so as to achieve steering of the wheels; when the steering wheel rotates in the opposite rotation direction, the signal generator can generate opposite level signals, so that the rotation direction of the motor 2 is also opposite, and the forklift can steer in different directions; when the steering wheel stops rotating, the level signal stops and the motor 2 stops immediately. Compared with the mode of transmitting power through a hydraulic steering system in the related technology, the forklift steering control process in the embodiment of the disclosure has the advantages of high response speed and high precision, and the corresponding relation is always maintained between the rotation of the steering wheel and the rotation of the wheels, so that the drifting phenomenon cannot occur, and the safety is higher.
Alternatively, in other embodiments, the motor 2 may also be connected to a controller of the forklift, and the motor 2 is turned on or off by the controller to realize automatic steering of the forklift.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the left and right steering mechanisms may have the same structure and be arranged at both ends of the axle body 1 in mirror images, wherein each steering mechanism includes a link 5, a rocker 6, a kingpin 7, and a wheel bracket 8.
The link 5 is formed in an arc shape, and one end of the link 5 is rotatably connected to an end of the steering rack 4 and the other end is rotatably connected to one end of the rocker arm 6 to convert the linear motion of the steering rack 4 into the rotational motion of the rocker arm 6, and alternatively, the link 5 may be mounted to the end of the steering rack 4 and the end of the rocker arm 6 by a fastener such as a rivet, a pin, or the like. The other end of the rocker arm 6 is connected to the main pin 7, and optionally, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the end of the rocker arm 6 connected to the connecting rod 5 may be formed as an arm 601 extending outward in the radial direction of the main pin 7, and the end of the rocker arm 6 connected to the main pin 7 may be formed as a sleeve 602, and the sleeve 602 is sleeved on the main pin 7 and is engaged with the main pin 7 through a key 701, so that the rocker arm 6 can drive the main pin 7 to rotate through the key 701. Furthermore, in other embodiments of the present disclosure, the rocker arm 6 may also be formed only as an arm 601 that protrudes radially outward from the main pin 7, and the arm 601 is fixed to the main pin 7 by welding, snapping, or the like, which is not limited by the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 3, the bridge body 1 is formed with king pin seats 101 at both ends, the king pin 7 is rotatably inserted into the king pin seats 101, and the lower end of the king pin 7 passes through the king pin seats 101 to be fixedly connected with the wheel carrier 8, for example, welded, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Due to assembly requirements, the main pin 7 is formed into a stepped shaft gradually increasing from top to bottom, and comprises an upper section and a lower section, the upper section of the main pin 7 is connected with the rocker arm 6, and the lower section of the main pin 7 penetrates through the main pin seat 101. And steering rack 4, connecting rod 5, rocking arm 6 all arrange the top at the pontic 1, can prevent that pontic 1 from hindering the motion of connecting rod 5 and rocking arm 6, increased the scope of rocking arm 6 turned angle.
As an alternative embodiment, in order to bear the load generated in the axial direction and the radial direction during the rotation of the main pin 7, the bearing may include a first tapered roller bearing 1011 and a second tapered roller bearing 1012 which are arranged at a distance from each other, the first tapered roller bearing 1011 is located below the second tapered roller bearing 1012, one side of the first tapered roller bearing 1011 abuts against a step surface on the main pin 7, and the other side abuts against a step surface on the inner wall of the main pin base 101; one side of the second tapered roller bearing 1012 abuts against a step surface on the inner wall of the kingpin holder 101, and the other side abuts against the nut 702 attached to the kingpin 7.
The forklift steering axle may further include a bearing cap 102, the bearing cap 102 is mounted on the axle body 1 and covers the upper end of the kingpin boss 101, and the bearing cap 102 may be fixed to the upper end of the kingpin boss 101 by bolts or the like so as to be detachable. A through hole through which the king pin 7 is allowed to pass is formed in the bearing cap 102, the king pin 7 protrudes from the bearing cap 102 and is to be extended into the sleeve 602 of the rocker arm 6, a first seal ring is provided between the bearing cap 102 and the king pin 7 for preventing dust from entering the king pin boss 101, and a seal ring identical to the first seal ring may be provided between the king pin 7 and the lower end of the king pin boss 101 for preventing the lubricant in the king pin boss 101 from leaking. Alternatively, the first seal ring may be a lip seal ring to facilitate installation of the kingpin 7.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the forklift steer axle further includes a support plate 108 and a link plate 109, the support plate 108 and the link plate 109 being disposed around the swing arm 6. Wherein, the connecting plate 109 is formed into a tile-shaped structure, and the lower end of the connecting plate 109 is connected to the bearing cap 102, for example, the connecting plate can be directly welded on the bearing cap 102, or be integrally formed with the bearing cap 102, which is not limited by the present disclosure; the upper end of the link plate 109 is connected to the support plate 108, for example, by means of screw fastening, and the support plate 108 is horizontally disposed above the swing arm 6 such that the upper end of the kingpin 7 passes through the bushing 602 of the swing arm 6 and is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the support plate 108.
As an alternative embodiment, the forklift truck steer axle further comprises a limiting member 13, and the limiting member 13 is mounted on the connecting plate 109 for limiting the rotation angle of the rocker arm 6. Specifically, the limiting member 13 is formed in a cylindrical shape, the limiting member 13 is horizontally and eccentrically fixed on the connecting plate 109 by a fastener such as a screw, and when the rocker arm 6 rotates to abut against the limiting member 13, the wheel rotates by a maximum rotation angle, which in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the maximum rotation angle of the wheel driven by the rocker arm 6 can reach 105 ° or more. Therefore, the wheels can have smaller turning radius when steering, and the forklift can also realize loading and unloading work in a narrow place.
By detaching the fastening member and rotating the limiting member 13, the eccentric direction of the limiting member 13 can be adjusted, and then the fastening member is tightened to fix the limiting member 13, so that the range of the rotation angle of the limiting rocker arm 6 can be adjusted. The limiting member 13 is used to prevent the rotation angle of the wheel from exceeding a preset rotation angle when the control program fails.
In addition, the forklift steering axle may further include a rotation angle sensor 9, and the rotation angle sensor 9 is mounted above the support plate 108 of the left steering mechanism or the right steering mechanism for detecting an instantaneous rotation angle of the wheel.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the wheel bracket 8 may be formed in an L shape arranged in a reverse direction, and a horizontal section of the wheel bracket 8 is fixedly connected to the kingpin 7 and a vertical section is fixedly connected to the hub 11 of the wheel. Alternatively, the kingpin 7 may steer the wheel carrier 8, such that the wheel carrier 8 steers the wheel.
Specifically, the hub 11 of the wheel includes a hub axle 1101, a hub seat 1102 and a dust cover 1103, and the wheel bracket 8 may be fixed to one end of the hub axle 1101 of the wheel by casting, welding, fastening with fasteners, etc., which is not limited by the present disclosure; the other end of the hub axle 1101 is inserted into the hub seat 1102 and supported by a bearing (e.g., a tapered roller bearing), and is fastened to the hub seat 1102 by a nut 702 (e.g., a slotted nut), and is sealed by a dust cap 1103 and a seal ring, and lubricant may be filled between the hub seat 1102 and the hub axle 1101 to reduce friction. The tire 12 is mounted to the hub seat 1102 by fasteners such as bolts, and the tire 12 rotates with the hub 11 relative to the ground as the wheel carrier 8 rotates the hub 11.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the forklift steer axle further includes an upper housing 14, the upper housing 14 is located above the axle body 1 and is fixedly connected to the axle body 1, and in order to facilitate detaching the upper housing 14, the upper housing 14 may be fixed to the axle body 1 by fasteners such as screws or pins, but is not limited thereto.
The steering rack 4 is mounted on the upper housing 14 and penetrates the upper housing 14. Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the steering rack 4 is a cylindrical structure, the steering rack 4 includes a left section 401, a middle section 402 and a right section 403, teeth matched with the steering gear 3 are formed on the middle section 402, the middle section 402 is located in the upper housing 14, the left section 401 and the right section 403 penetrate out of the upper housing 14 to be connected with the left steering mechanism and the right steering mechanism respectively, a guide sleeve 404 and a second seal ring 405 are respectively disposed between the left section 401 and the upper housing 14 and between the right section 403 and the upper housing 14, and the guide sleeve 404 is fixed on an inner wall of the upper housing 14 and used for guiding the steering rack 4. As an alternative embodiment, a threaded sleeve 406 may be disposed between the guide sleeve 404 and the inner wall of the upper housing 14, a first limit groove and a second limit groove are formed on the inner wall of the threaded sleeve 406, the guide sleeve 404 is mounted in the first limit groove, the seal ring is mounted in the second limit groove, an external thread is formed on the outer wall of the threaded sleeve 406, and the threaded sleeve 406 is disposed between the guide sleeve 404 and the inner wall of the upper housing 14 and is in threaded connection with the inner wall of the upper housing 14.
As shown in fig. 3, 6 and 7, the forklift steering axle further comprises a speed reducing mechanism, the motor 2 is mounted on the axle body 1, the motor 2 is connected with the steering rack 4 through the speed reducing mechanism, a cavity is formed in the axle body 1, the upper shell 14 closes an upper end opening of the cavity and defines a closed space for accommodating the speed reducing mechanism together with the axle body 1.
Specifically, the speed reducing mechanism includes a first mounting shaft 15, a second mounting shaft 16, a third mounting shaft 17, a fourth mounting shaft 18, a first transmission gear 1501, a second transmission gear 1601, a third transmission gear 1602, a fourth transmission gear 1701, a fifth transmission gear 1702 and a sixth transmission gear 1801, the first mounting shaft 15, the second mounting shaft 16 and the third mounting shaft 17 are mounted in the bridge body 1, the fourth mounting shaft 18 is mounted in the upper housing 14, the first transmission gear 1501 is mounted on the first mounting shaft 15, the second transmission gear 1601 and the third transmission gear 1602 are mounted on the second mounting shaft 16, the fourth transmission gear 1701 and the fifth transmission gear 1702 are mounted on the third mounting shaft 17, the sixth transmission gear 1801 and the steering gear 3 are mounted on the fourth mounting shaft 18, the output shaft 201 of the motor 2 is connected with the first mounting shaft 15, the first transmission gear 1501 is meshed with the second transmission gear 1601, the third transmission gear 1602 is meshed with a fourth transmission gear 1701, the fifth transmission gear 1702 is meshed with a sixth transmission gear 1801, the diameter of the first transmission gear 1501 is smaller than that of the second transmission gear 1601, the diameter of the second transmission gear 1601 is larger than that of the third transmission gear 1602, the diameter of the third transmission gear 1602 is smaller than that of the fourth transmission gear 1701, the diameter of the fourth transmission gear 1701 is larger than that of the fifth transmission gear 1702, the diameter of the fifth transmission gear 1702 is smaller than that of the sixth transmission gear 1801, and the diameter of the sixth transmission gear 1801 is larger than that of the steering gear 3. Through reduction gears, can reduce the speed that the rack moved about to the driver operation fork truck turns to.
In order to reduce the size of the bridge 1, the motor 2 may be located outside the bridge 1, and the reduction mechanism is arranged in a vertical plane in a cavity of the bridge 1. As shown in fig. 7, a through hole allowing the output shaft 201 of the motor 2 to pass therethrough is formed in the bridge body 1 such that the output shaft 201 of the motor 2 is keyed with the first mounting shaft 15 in the cavity, and the through hole may be sealed by the end cap 10 and the sealing ring to prevent the bearing from being detached and prevent the lubricating oil in the cavity from leaking. As shown in fig. 6, at the second mounting shaft 16, a support shaft 103 may also be provided to reduce the length of the second mounting shaft 16 to avoid fatigue failure of the second mounting shaft 16; alternatively, the second and third drive gears 1601, 1602 on the second mounting shaft 16 may be dual gears and integrally formed with the second mounting shaft 16 to reduce the number of parts, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. A first mounting cover 104 is further arranged on the bridge body 1, and the first mounting cover 104 is arranged corresponding to the third mounting shaft 17 and sealed by a sealing ring so as to facilitate mounting or overhauling of the speed reducing mechanism; alternatively, the fourth drive gear 1701 may be keyed to the third mounting shaft 17 to facilitate installation. A second mounting cover 1401 may be further formed on the upper housing 14, the second mounting cover 1401 being disposed corresponding to the fourth mounting shaft 18 and sealed with a sealing ring so as to mount the fourth mounting shaft 18; alternatively, the sixth transfer gear 1801 and the steering gear 3 on the fourth mounting shaft 18 may be a duplicate gear and be integrally formed with the fourth mounting shaft 18 to reduce the number of parts, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The transmission gears of the speed reducing mechanism are supported in the cavity by rolling bearings to reduce friction, and optionally, in other embodiments, other bearings such as sliding bearings can be adopted.
Alternatively, in other embodiments, several mounting shafts and several transmission gears may be provided, for example, the speed reducing mechanism may also be designed as a five-stage transmission mechanism, a six-stage transmission mechanism, etc., and the number of the mounting shafts and the transmission gears is not limited by the present disclosure. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the speed reducing mechanism may also be designed as a coaxial multi-stage planetary speed reducing mechanism, or the speed reducing mechanism may be arranged in a horizontal arrangement in the cavity of the bridge body 1, which is not limited by the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 2 and 8, an oil drain hole 106 for draining the lubricating oil in the air cavity is formed in the bridge body 1, the oil drain hole 106 is located at the bottom of the bridge body 1, and the oil drain hole 106 is closed by an oil drain hole blocking cover. The upper shell 14 is provided with an oil filling hole 1402 for injecting lubricating oil into the cavity, the oil filling hole 1402 is located at the top of the upper shell 14, the oil filling hole 1402 is provided with an oil filling hole plug, an exhaust hole for exhausting gas in the air cavity is formed in the oil filling hole plug, after the lubricating oil is injected into the cavity of the bridge body 1, the speed reducing mechanism and the steering gear 3 are lubricated in a splash lubrication mode, and when the lubricating oil generates gas due to heat generated when the speed reducing mechanism works, the gas can escape from the exhaust hole blocked by the oil filling hole.
Optionally, an oil level hole 105 is further formed in the bridge body 1, the oil level hole 105 is located in the middle of the bridge body 1 and is used for detecting the height of the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the cavity of the bridge body 1, when the lubricating oil is filled into the cavity, when the lubricating oil flows out from the oil level hole 105, it indicates that the lubricating oil in the cavity reaches a required filling amount, and the filling is stopped. When no lubricating oil is required to be filled, the oil level hole 105 is closed by an oil level plug screw.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the axle body 1 is further formed with a mounting hole 107 for mounting a mounting shaft to a forklift body so that a forklift steering axle is fitted to the forklift body.
The working principle of the forklift steering axle of the embodiment of the disclosure is as follows:
in the manual driving mode, when the driver turns the steering wheel, the signal generator sends a level signal to the controller or the control winding of the motor 2, the controller or the control winding starts the motor 2 to rotate, the output shaft 201 of the motor 2 drives the first mounting shaft 15 to rotate, the first transmission gear 1501 drives the second transmission gear 1601 to rotate, the second transmission gear 1601 drives the third transmission gear 1602 to rotate, the third transmission gear 1602 drives the fourth transmission gear 1701 to rotate, the fourth transmission gear 1701 drives the fifth transmission gear 1702 to rotate, the fifth transmission gear 1702 drives the sixth transmission gear 1801 to rotate, the sixth transmission gear 1801 drives the steering gear 3 to rotate, the steering gear 3 drives the steering rack 4 to move left and right, the steering rack 4 pulls the connecting rod 5, the connecting rod 5 pushes (or pulls) the rocker arm 6 of the left steering mechanism to rotate, and the connecting rod 5 pulls (or pushes) the rocker arm 6 of the right steering mechanism to rotate reversely, the rocker arm 6 drives the main pin 7 to rotate, the main pin 7 drives the wheel support 8 to rotate, and the wheel support 8 drives the wheel hub 11 to rotate, so that the left wheel and the right wheel of the forklift are rotated in opposite directions, and the steering of the forklift is realized.
Under the automatic driving working mode, an automatic control system is used for steering the forklift, the controller controls the motor 2 to be started, and the transmission process of the motor is consistent with the manual driving working mode, so that the wheels are driven to steer. In the steering process, the corner sensor 9 detects the corner of the wheel in real time, when the corner of the wheel reaches a set parameter, the controller sends a steering stopping instruction to the motor 2, the motor 2 stops running, and the steering of the wheels of the forklift is finished.
Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a forklift comprising the forklift steer axle as described above. As shown in fig. 1, the axle body 1 can be fitted to the body of a forklift through the mounting hole 107 in the axle body 1.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations will not be separately described in this disclosure.
In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.
Claims (12)
1. The forklift steering axle is characterized by comprising an axle body (1), a motor (2), a steering gear (3), a steering rack (4), a left steering mechanism, a right steering mechanism, a bearing cover (102), a supporting plate (108), a connecting plate (109) and a limiting piece (13), wherein the steering gear (3) is meshed with the steering rack (4), two ends of the steering rack (4) are respectively connected with the left steering mechanism and the right steering mechanism, and the motor (2) is used for driving the steering gear (3) to rotate so as to drive the steering rack (4) to move left and right to realize wheel steering; each steering mechanism comprises a connecting rod (5), a rocker arm (6), a main pin (7) and a wheel bracket (8), one end of the connecting rod (5) is rotatably connected with the end part of the steering rack (4), the other end of the connecting rod (5) is rotatably connected with one end of the rocker arm (6), the other end of the rocker arm (6) is connected with the main pin (7), main pin seats (101) are formed at two ends of the bridge body (1), the main pin (7) is rotatably arranged on the main pin seats (101) in a penetrating mode, and the lower end of the main pin (7) is fixedly connected with the wheel bracket (8); the bearing cover (102) is detachably mounted on the bridge body (1) and covers the upper end of the main pin seat (101), and the main pin (7) penetrates through the bearing cover (102); the upper end of the connecting plate (109) is connected with the supporting plate (108), the lower end of the connecting plate (109) is connected with the bearing cover (102), the connecting plate (109) is constructed into a tile-shaped structure and is arranged around the rocker arm (6), and the upper end of the main pin (7) is rotatably mounted on the supporting plate (108); the limiting piece (13) is mounted on the connecting plate (109) and used for limiting the rotating angle of the rocker arm (6); and the limiting piece (13) can rotate relative to the connecting plate (109) so as to adjust and limit the range of the rotating angle of the rocker arm (6).
2. The forklift steering axle according to claim 1, characterized in that one end of the rocker arm (6) is connected to the connecting rod (5) and the other end of the rocker arm (6) is formed as a sleeve (602), the sleeve (602) being fitted over the kingpin (7) and connected to the kingpin (7) with a key (701).
3. The forklift steering axle according to claim 1, characterized in that the steering rack (4) is located above the axle body (1), the rocker arm (6) is connected with the upper section of the kingpin (7), and the lower section of the kingpin (7) is inserted into the kingpin seat (101).
4. The forklift steering axle according to claim 1, characterized in that a bearing is arranged in the kingpin receptacle (101), the bearing is sleeved on the kingpin (7), and a first sealing ring is arranged between the bearing cap (102) and the kingpin (7).
5. The forklift steering axle according to claim 4, wherein the bearings include a first tapered roller bearing (1011) and a second tapered roller bearing (1012) which are arranged at intervals, the first tapered roller bearing (1011) is located below the second tapered roller bearing (1012), one side of the first tapered roller bearing (1011) abuts against a step surface on the kingpin (7), and the other side abuts against a step surface on the inner wall of the kingpin holder (101); one side of the second tapered roller bearing (1012) abuts against a step surface on the inner wall of the kingpin holder (101), and the other side abuts against a nut (702) mounted on the kingpin (7).
6. The forklift steering axle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising an upper housing (14), said upper housing (14) being located above said axle body (1) and being fixedly connected to said axle body (1), said steering rack (4) being mounted on said upper housing (14) and extending through said upper housing (14).
7. The forklift steer axle of claim 6, wherein said steering rack (4) is a cylindrical structure, said steering rack (4) comprising a left section (401), a middle section (402), a right section (403), said middle section (402) having teeth formed thereon, said middle section (402) being located within said upper housing (14), said left section (401) and said right section (403) passing out of said upper housing (14) to be connected to said left steering mechanism and said right steering mechanism, respectively, said left section (401) and said upper housing (14) and said right section (403) and said upper housing (14) each having a guide sleeve (404) and a second seal ring (405) disposed therebetween.
8. The forklift steering axle according to claim 6, further comprising a speed reduction mechanism, wherein the motor (2) is mounted on the axle body (1), the motor (2) is connected with the steering rack (4) through the speed reduction mechanism, a cavity is formed in the axle body (1), and the upper housing (14) closes an upper end opening of the cavity and defines a closed space accommodating the speed reduction mechanism together with the axle body (1).
9. The forklift steer axle according to claim 8, wherein said reduction mechanism comprises a first mounting shaft (15), a second mounting shaft (16), a third mounting shaft (17), a fourth mounting shaft (18), a first transmission gear (1501), a second transmission gear (1601), a third transmission gear (1602), a fourth transmission gear (1701), a fifth transmission gear (1702) and a sixth transmission gear (1801), said first mounting shaft (15), said second mounting shaft (16) and said third mounting shaft (17) being mounted in said axle body (1), said fourth mounting shaft (18) being mounted in said upper housing (14), said first transmission gear (1501) being mounted on said first mounting shaft (15), said second transmission gear (1601) and said third transmission gear (1602) being mounted on said second mounting shaft (16), the fourth transmission gear (1701) and the fifth transmission gear (1702) are mounted on the third mounting shaft (17), the sixth transmission gear (1801) and the steering gear (3) are mounted on the fourth mounting shaft (18), the output shaft (201) of the motor (2) is connected with the first mounting shaft (15), the first transmission gear (1501) is meshed with the second transmission gear (1601), the third transmission gear (1602) is meshed with the fourth transmission gear (1701), the fifth transmission gear (1702) is meshed with the sixth transmission gear (1801), the diameter of the first transmission gear (1501) is smaller than that of the second transmission gear (1601), the diameter of the second transmission gear (1601) is larger than that of the third transmission gear (1602), and the diameter of the third transmission gear (1602) is smaller than that of the fourth transmission gear (1701), the diameter of the fourth transmission gear (1701) is larger than that of the fifth transmission gear (1702), the diameter of the fifth transmission gear (1702) is smaller than that of the sixth transmission gear (1801), and the diameter of the sixth transmission gear (1801) is larger than that of a steering gear (3).
10. The forklift steer axle of claim 8, characterized in that said motor (2) is located outside said axle body (1).
11. The forklift steering axle according to claim 8, wherein the upper housing (14) is provided with an oil filling hole (1402) for filling lubricating oil into the cavity, the axle body (1) is provided with an oil drain hole (106) for draining lubricating oil in the cavity, the oil drain hole (106) is located at the bottom of the axle body (1), the oil filling hole (1402) is located at the top of the upper housing (14), the oil filling hole (1402) is provided with an oil filling hole plug, an exhaust hole is formed on the oil filling hole plug, and the oil drain hole (106) is closed by an oil drain hole plug cover.
12. A forklift truck, characterized in that it comprises a forklift truck steer axle according to any one of claims 1-11.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910093531.2A CN111497925B (en) | 2019-01-30 | 2019-01-30 | Forklift steering axle and forklift |
| PCT/CN2020/070971 WO2020156080A1 (en) | 2019-01-30 | 2020-01-08 | Forklift steering axle and forklift |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910093531.2A CN111497925B (en) | 2019-01-30 | 2019-01-30 | Forklift steering axle and forklift |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111497925A CN111497925A (en) | 2020-08-07 |
| CN111497925B true CN111497925B (en) | 2022-05-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910093531.2A Active CN111497925B (en) | 2019-01-30 | 2019-01-30 | Forklift steering axle and forklift |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111497925B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2020156080A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113650672A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-11-16 | 展烁(太仓)汽车科技有限公司 | Vehicle chassis steering control device based on four-wheel independent steering |
| CN114873522B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2024-02-20 | 安徽宇锋智能科技有限公司 | Four-way fork steering mechanism |
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| JP2007112240A (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-05-10 | Nsk Ltd | Electric power steering device |
| JP5075591B2 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2012-11-21 | カヤバ工業株式会社 | Power steering device |
| US8893846B2 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-11-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Power assisted steering assembly |
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| CN205930886U (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 浙江吉鑫祥叉车制造有限公司 | Combustion forklifts area turns to steering axle of speed limit |
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- 2019-01-30 CN CN201910093531.2A patent/CN111497925B/en active Active
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- 2020-01-08 WO PCT/CN2020/070971 patent/WO2020156080A1/en active Application Filing
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101181905A (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2008-05-21 | 安徽合力股份有限公司 | Overhead transverse hydro-cylinder forklift steering bridge |
| CN103085859A (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-08 | 株式会社捷太格特 | Vehicle steering system and material handling vehicle |
| CN203047343U (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-07-10 | 日本精工株式会社 | Gear rack pair type steering device |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111497925A (en) | 2020-08-07 |
| WO2020156080A1 (en) | 2020-08-06 |
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