CN111496365A - Solid rocket engine shell assembly welding tool with embedded end cover - Google Patents
Solid rocket engine shell assembly welding tool with embedded end cover Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于固体火箭发动机壳体对接组焊技术领域，尤其涉及一种嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装。The invention belongs to the technical field of butt welding of solid rocket motor casings, in particular to a solid rocket motor casing assembly welding tool with embedded end covers.
背景技术Background technique
固体火箭发动机壳体是由多个旋压壳体及机加工件组焊而成，因此焊接是固体火箭发动机生产过程中必不可少的关键工序之一。The solid rocket motor casing is welded by multiple spinning casings and machined parts, so welding is one of the essential key processes in the production of solid rocket motors.
目前，壳体对接环焊缝采用真空电子束焊接成型，真空电子束焊机整体价格受其真空室大小的影响，这在一定程度上制约了其可加工工件的规格。常用的壳体组焊工装，芯棒一端固定在三爪卡盘上，另一端采用尾顶固定，焊接时工件的壳体组件随卡盘一起转动。壳体组件、芯棒的伸出量、以及尾顶的长度造成真空室可焊长度往往小于实际工件的长度，使得真空室的空间利用率低。当壳体组焊长度达到真空室内可焊长度的临界值时，无法完成极限位置处焊缝的焊接。At present, the shell butt girth weld is formed by vacuum electron beam welding, and the overall price of the vacuum electron beam welder is affected by the size of its vacuum chamber, which restricts the specifications of the workpieces that can be processed to a certain extent. Commonly used shell assembly welding tool, one end of the mandrel is fixed on the three-jaw chuck, and the other end is fixed by the tail top, and the shell assembly of the workpiece rotates with the chuck during welding. The length of the shell assembly, the extension of the mandrel, and the length of the tail end cause the weldable length of the vacuum chamber to be less than the actual workpiece length, resulting in low space utilization of the vacuum chamber. When the welding length of the shell assembly reaches the critical value of the weldable length in the vacuum chamber, the welding of the welding seam at the limit position cannot be completed.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的技术解决问题：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装，解决了现有壳体组焊工装在壳体组焊时，工装和壳体长度超过了真空室内电子枪可焊长度的极限的问题。The technical solution of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a solid rocket motor shell assembly welding tool with an embedded end cover, which solves the problem that the existing shell assembly welding tool is used for the shell assembly welding. The body length exceeds the limit of the weldable length of the electron gun in the vacuum chamber.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明公开了一种嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装，包括：螺母、垫圈Ⅰ、前端盖、垫圈Ⅱ、嵌入式后端盖、异形螺母和拼接芯棒组件；In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a solid rocket motor housing assembly welding tool with embedded end cover, including: nut, washer I, front end cover, washer II, embedded rear end cover, special-shaped nut and splicing core rod assembly;
前端盖通过螺母和垫圈Ⅰ固定在拼接芯棒组件的一端；The front end cover is fixed on one end of the splicing mandrel assembly through a nut and a washer I;
嵌入式后端盖通过异形螺母和垫圈Ⅱ固定在拼接芯棒组件的另一端；The embedded rear end cover is fixed on the other end of the splicing mandrel assembly through the special-shaped nut and washer II;
前端盖和嵌入式后端盖用于夹紧和固定工件的壳体组件，拼接芯棒组件从工件中间穿过。The front end cover and the embedded rear end cover are used to clamp and fix the shell assembly of the workpiece, and the splicing mandrel assembly passes through the middle of the workpiece.
在上述嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装中，嵌入式后端盖可嵌入工件内部，使得组装完的工件和工装在轴向长度上的距离缩短。In the above-mentioned solid rocket motor casing assembly welding tool with embedded end cover, the embedded rear end cover can be embedded inside the workpiece, so that the distance between the assembled workpiece and the tool in the axial length is shortened.
在上述嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装中，In the above-mentioned solid rocket motor casing assembly welding tool with embedded end cover,
异形螺母上端为六边形结构，下端为螺纹结构；The upper end of the special-shaped nut is a hexagonal structure, and the lower end is a threaded structure;
嵌入式后端盖中心设置有一圆孔Ⅰ；There is a circular hole I in the center of the embedded rear end cover;
异形螺母下端的螺纹结构位于圆孔Ⅰ内，与嵌入式后端盖相连；异形螺母上端的六边形结构位于嵌入式后端盖外。The threaded structure at the lower end of the special-shaped nut is located in the circular hole I and is connected with the embedded rear end cover; the hexagonal structure at the upper end of the special-shaped nut is located outside the embedded rear end cover.
在上述嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装中，In the above-mentioned solid rocket motor casing assembly welding tool with embedded end cover,
嵌入式后端盖中心还设置有一圆孔Ⅱ；其中，圆孔Ⅱ的内径小于圆孔Ⅰ的内径；There is also a circular hole II in the center of the embedded rear end cover; wherein, the inner diameter of the circular hole II is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular hole I;
拼接芯棒组件的另一端从圆孔Ⅱ内穿过，与异形螺母下端的螺纹结构通过螺纹连接。The other end of the splicing mandrel assembly passes through the circular hole II, and is connected with the threaded structure at the lower end of the special-shaped nut through a thread.
在上述嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装中，In the above-mentioned solid rocket motor casing assembly welding tool with embedded end cover,
异形螺母上端的六边形结构中心设置有一圆孔Ⅲ；There is a circular hole III in the center of the hexagonal structure at the upper end of the special-shaped nut;
圆孔Ⅲ的大小与尾顶的大小相匹配，以保证尾顶能够深入异形螺母内并顶到拼接芯棒组件的另一端。The size of the round hole III matches the size of the tail top to ensure that the tail top can penetrate deep into the special-shaped nut and reach the other end of the splicing mandrel assembly.
在上述嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装中，In the above-mentioned solid rocket motor casing assembly welding tool with embedded end cover,
螺纹结构的外径与圆孔Ⅰ的内径相匹配；The outer diameter of the threaded structure matches the inner diameter of the circular hole I;
拼接芯棒组件的另一端的外螺纹与螺纹结构的螺孔相匹配。The external thread of the other end of the splicing mandrel assembly is matched with the screw hole of the threaded structure.
在上述嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装中，In the above-mentioned solid rocket motor casing assembly welding tool with embedded end cover,
前端盖和嵌入式后端盖的大小与工件的壳体组件两端的开口大小相匹配；The size of the front end cover and the embedded rear end cover matches the size of the opening at both ends of the shell assembly of the workpiece;
前端盖和嵌入式后端盖的强度满足：不低于2A12铝合金的强度390MPa-420MPa。The strength of the front end cover and the embedded rear end cover shall meet the requirements: not less than 390MPa-420MPa of the strength of 2A12 aluminum alloy.
在上述嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装中，拼接芯棒组件，包括：大轴头、圆柱销、连接管和小轴头；In the above-mentioned solid rocket motor shell assembly welding tool with embedded end caps, the mandrel assembly is spliced, including: a large shaft head, a cylindrical pin, a connecting pipe and a small shaft head;
大轴头、连接管和小轴头通过圆柱销依次连接；其中，前端盖固定在大轴头一端；嵌入式后端盖固定在小轴头一端。The large shaft head, the connecting pipe and the small shaft head are sequentially connected by cylindrical pins; wherein, the front end cover is fixed on one end of the large shaft head; the embedded rear end cover is fixed on one end of the small shaft head.
在上述嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装中，In the above-mentioned solid rocket motor casing assembly welding tool with embedded end cover,
大轴头、连接管和小轴头三者的同轴度满足：同轴度不大于0.05mm；The coaxiality of the large shaft head, the connecting pipe and the small shaft head shall satisfy: the coaxiality shall not be greater than 0.05mm;
拼接芯棒组件可根据工件长度尺寸的变化进行调整，可调整的长度范围为：1～4m。The splicing mandrel assembly can be adjusted according to the change of the length and size of the workpiece, and the adjustable length range is: 1 ~ 4m.
在上述嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装中，小轴头上设置有一中心孔，用于在尾顶深入嵌入式后端盖内部时起到导向作用。In the above-mentioned solid rocket motor casing assembly welding tool with embedded end cover, a center hole is provided on the small shaft head, which is used for guiding when the tail top penetrates into the interior of the embedded rear end cover.
本发明具有以下优点：The present invention has the following advantages:
本发明公开了一种嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装，使得装配完的壳体组件长度尽可能缩短，并且空间结构紧凑，且工装不影响壳体组焊装配的精度及装配难度，进一步提高电子束真空室的利用率。The invention discloses a solid rocket motor casing assembly welding tool with an embedded end cover, so that the length of the assembled casing assembly is shortened as much as possible, and the space structure is compact, and the tooling does not affect the accuracy and assembly of the casing assembly welding assembly It is difficult to further improve the utilization rate of the electron beam vacuum chamber.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例中一种嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid rocket motor housing assembly welding tool with an embedded end cover in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例中一种嵌入式后端盖的结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embedded rear end cover in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例中一种异形螺母的结构示意图；3 is a schematic structural diagram of a special-shaped nut in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例中一种待组焊薄壁壳体的结构示意图。4 is a schematic structural diagram of a thin-walled shell to be assembled and welded in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明公开的实施方式作进一步详细描述。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1，在本实施例中，该嵌入式端盖的固体火箭发动机壳体组焊工装，包括：螺母2、垫圈Ⅰ3、前端盖4、垫圈Ⅱ8、嵌入式后端盖9、异形螺母10和拼接芯棒组件。其中，前端盖4通过螺母2和垫圈Ⅰ3固定在拼接芯棒组件的一端；嵌入式后端盖9通过异形螺母10和垫圈Ⅱ8固定在拼接芯棒组件的另一端；前端盖4和嵌入式后端盖9用于夹紧和固定工件的壳体组件，拼接芯棒组件从工件中间穿过。As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the solid rocket motor casing assembly welding tool for the embedded end cover includes: nut 2, washer I3, front end cover 4, washer II8, embedded rear end cover 9, special-shaped nut 10 and splicing mandrel assemblies. Among them, the front end cover 4 is fixed on one end of the splicing mandrel assembly through the nut 2 and the washer I3; the embedded rear end cover 9 is fixed on the other end of the splicing mandrel assembly through the special-shaped nut 10 and the washer II8; the front end cover 4 and the embedded rear The end cover 9 is used for clamping and fixing the shell assembly of the workpiece, and the splicing mandrel assembly passes through the middle of the workpiece.
优选的，嵌入式后端盖9可嵌入工件内部，使得组装完的工件和工装在轴向长度上的距离缩短。Preferably, the embedded rear end cover 9 can be embedded in the workpiece, so that the distance between the assembled workpiece and the tooling in the axial length is shortened.
在本实施例中，如图2和图3所示，异形螺母10上端为六边形结构1001，下端为螺纹结构1002；嵌入式后端盖9中心设置有一圆孔Ⅰ901。其中，异形螺母10下端的螺纹结构1002位于圆孔Ⅰ901内，与嵌入式后端盖9相连；异形螺母10上端的六边形结构1001位于嵌入式后端盖9外。In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the upper end of the special-shaped nut 10 is a
进一步的，嵌入式后端盖9中心还设置有一圆孔Ⅱ902；拼接芯棒组件的另一端从圆孔Ⅱ902内穿过，与异形螺母10下端的螺纹结构1002通过螺纹连接。其中，圆孔Ⅱ902的内径小于圆孔Ⅰ901的内径。Further, there is a circular hole II 902 in the center of the embedded rear end cover 9 ; Wherein, the inner diameter of the circular hole II902 is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular hole I901.
进一步的，异形螺母10上端的六边形结构1001中心设置有一圆孔Ⅲ1003。其中，圆孔Ⅲ1003的大小与尾顶的大小相匹配，以保证尾顶能够深入异形螺母10内并顶到拼接芯棒组件的另一端。Further, a circular hole III 1003 is provided in the center of the
需要说明的是，螺纹结构1002的外径与圆孔Ⅰ901的内径相匹配；拼接芯棒组件的另一端的外螺纹与螺纹结构1002的螺孔1004相匹配；前端盖4和嵌入式后端盖9的大小与工件的壳体组件两端的开口大小相匹配；具体尺寸参数本实施例不作限制。It should be noted that the outer diameter of the threaded
前端盖4和嵌入式后端盖9的强度应满足：不低于2A12铝合金的强度390MPa-420MPa。其优点在于：保证端盖在受到螺母较大的拧紧力后不会发生变形，可以多次反复使用，仍能保证良好的精度。The strength of the front end cover 4 and the embedded rear end cover 9 should meet: not less than the strength of 2A12 aluminum alloy 390MPa-420MPa. The advantage is that the end cover is guaranteed not to deform after being subjected to a large tightening force of the nut, and can be used repeatedly and still can ensure good accuracy.
在本实施例中，如图1，拼接芯棒组件具体可以包括：大轴头1、圆柱销5、连接管6和小轴头7。其中，大轴头1、连接管6和小轴头7通过圆柱销5依次连接；其中，前端盖4固定在大轴头1一端；嵌入式后端盖9固定在小轴头7一端。In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , the splicing mandrel assembly may specifically include: a large shaft head 1 , a cylindrical pin 5 , a connecting pipe 6 and a small shaft head 7 . The large shaft head 1 , the connecting pipe 6 and the small shaft head 7 are sequentially connected by cylindrical pins 5 ; the front end cover 4 is fixed on one end of the large shaft head 1 ; the embedded rear end cover 9 is fixed on one end of the small shaft head 7 .
优选的，小轴头7上设置有一中心孔，用于在尾顶深入嵌入式后端盖9内部时起到导向作用。Preferably, the small shaft head 7 is provided with a central hole, which is used for guiding when the tail top penetrates into the interior of the embedded rear end cover 9 .
优选的，大轴头1、连接管6和小轴头7三者的同轴度应满足：同轴度不大于0.05mm，能够有效保证壳体组件的装配精度，减少错边量。Preferably, the coaxiality of the large shaft head 1 , the connecting pipe 6 and the small shaft head 7 should satisfy: the coaxiality is not greater than 0.05mm, which can effectively ensure the assembly accuracy of the housing components and reduce the amount of misalignment.
优选的，拼接芯棒组件可调节长度范围为：1～4m，可适应不同长度要求的工件的壳体组焊。Preferably, the adjustable length of the splicing mandrel assembly is 1 to 4 m, which can adapt to the welding of the shells of workpieces with different length requirements.
综上，真空电子束焊真空室平台上采用一夹一顶的装夹方式，三爪卡盘夹紧拼接芯棒组件的一端，拼接芯棒组件的另一端采用尾顶顶紧。其中，三爪卡盘为旋转运动机构，焊接时带动工件进行旋转，三爪卡盘只能夹在拼接芯棒组件上无法变动；尾顶顶在拼接芯棒组件的另一端上，拼接芯棒组件会伸出工件一定的距离用于端盖和螺母的空间，因此，尾顶与工件之间存在一段预留给工装的距离，为了使工装空间结构更加紧凑，本发明采用嵌入式后端盖及异形螺母来进行连接和固定，将嵌入式后端盖放入工件的一端，拼接芯棒组件的另一端从圆孔Ⅱ内穿过，拼接芯棒组件的长度将比原来更加的短，因此会留在工件内部与嵌入式后端盖之间，根据工件开口范围，嵌入式后端盖内已经没有螺母拧紧的空间，而拼接芯棒组件带螺母段又处于嵌入式后端盖内，因此螺母螺纹部分与拧紧部分必须进行错位，异形螺母的设计即满足了此需求。异形螺母一端带螺纹部分(螺纹结构1002)伸入工件及嵌入式后端盖内部与拼接芯棒组件相连，另一端拧紧部位(六边形结构1001)留在嵌入式后端盖外。异形螺母上端的六边形结构中心设置有一圆孔Ⅲ，圆孔Ⅲ的大小与尾顶的大小相匹配，以保证尾顶能够深入异形螺母内并顶到拼接芯棒组件的另一端；另外，拼接芯棒组件的小轴头上设置有一用于导向的中心孔，使得尾顶能够在异形螺母内部与拼接芯棒组件的小轴头对中，有效利用了空间，成功解决了壳体组焊工装与真空电子束焊真空室空间上的冲突。To sum up, the vacuum electron beam welding vacuum chamber platform adopts a clamping method of one clamp and one top. Among them, the three-jaw chuck is a rotary motion mechanism, which drives the workpiece to rotate during welding. The three-jaw chuck can only be clamped on the splicing mandrel assembly and cannot be changed; the tail top is placed on the other end of the splicing mandrel assembly, and the splicing mandrel The assembly will protrude from the workpiece a certain distance for the space of the end cover and the nut. Therefore, there is a distance reserved for the tooling between the tail top and the workpiece. In order to make the tooling space structure more compact, the present invention adopts an embedded rear end cover. And special-shaped nut to connect and fix, put the embedded back end cover into one end of the workpiece, the other end of the splicing mandrel assembly passes through the circular hole II, the length of the splicing mandrel assembly will be shorter than the original, so It will remain between the inside of the workpiece and the embedded rear end cover. According to the opening range of the workpiece, there is no space for tightening the nut in the embedded rear end cover, and the nut section of the splicing mandrel assembly is in the embedded rear end cover. Therefore, The threaded part of the nut and the tightening part must be misaligned, and the design of the special-shaped nut meets this requirement. The threaded part (threaded structure 1002) at one end of the special-shaped nut extends into the workpiece and the inside of the embedded rear end cap and is connected to the splicing mandrel assembly, and the tightening part (hexagonal structure 1001) at the other end remains outside the embedded rear end cap. There is a round hole III in the center of the hexagonal structure at the upper end of the special-shaped nut, and the size of the round hole III matches the size of the tail top to ensure that the tail top can penetrate into the special-shaped nut and push to the other end of the splicing mandrel assembly; in addition, The small shaft head of the splicing mandrel assembly is provided with a central hole for guiding, so that the tail top can be centered with the small shaft head of the splicing mandrel assembly inside the special-shaped nut, which effectively utilizes the space and successfully solves the problem of the shell assembly welder. Conflicts between the installation and the vacuum chamber of vacuum electron beam welding.
如图4，某型号真空电子束焊真空室内电子枪到另一端极限位置为3400mm，某型号工件最终组焊状态在壳体长度为3129.5mm，首条焊缝距离三爪卡盘一端壳体边界为106mm，即距离另一端为3023.5mm，尾顶底座边界到顶尖的距离为380mm。因此。当尾顶处于极限位置时，尾顶末端到首条焊缝位置处总长为3403.5mm，即使没有工装也超过了电子枪可焊的极限位置，采用本实施例所述的嵌入式后端盖和异形螺母，尾顶顶尖可伸入工件内，因此，成功解决了因空间距离限制造成工件无法加工的技术问题，有效提高了真空室的空间利用率。As shown in Figure 4, the limit position of the electron gun in the vacuum chamber of a certain type of vacuum electron beam welding to the other end is 3400mm, the final assembly welding state of a certain type of workpiece is in the shell length of 3129.5mm, and the distance between the first welding seam and the shell boundary of one end of the three-jaw chuck is 106mm, that is, 3023.5mm from the other end, and 380mm from the border of the tail top base to the top. therefore. When the tail top is at the limit position, the total length from the end of the tail top to the position of the first welding seam is 3403.5mm, which exceeds the limit position of the electron gun welding even without tooling. The nut and the top tip of the tail can extend into the workpiece. Therefore, the technical problem that the workpiece cannot be processed due to the limitation of space distance is successfully solved, and the space utilization rate of the vacuum chamber is effectively improved.
进一步的，如图4，装配时，将前段壳体组件与旋压筒体及后封头在装配台上进行对接，采用抱箍将对接处预先进行固定，将拼接芯棒组件穿过壳体内部，两端套上端盖(前端盖4和嵌入式后端盖9)，套实后分别通过螺母2和异形螺母10夹紧固定，卸下待焊处抱箍，完成壳体组件的装配。将装配完的壳体组件吊装上真空电子束焊工作平台，大轴头一端采用三爪卡盘进行固定，带嵌入式后端盖的一端采用尾顶顶住芯棒中心孔进行固定，尾顶顶尖穿过异形螺母伸入工件内部，使得空间结构更加紧凑，大大减少工装所占用的空间。Further, as shown in Figure 4, when assembling, the front-section shell assembly, the spinning cylinder and the rear head are butted on the assembly table, the joint is pre-fixed with a hoop, and the splicing mandrel assembly is passed through the shell. Inside, cover the end caps (front end cover 4 and embedded rear end cover 9) at both ends. After the cover is solid, it is clamped and fixed by the nut 2 and the special-shaped nut 10 respectively, and the hoop at the place to be welded is removed to complete the assembly of the shell assembly. Hoist the assembled shell assembly on the vacuum electron beam welding work platform. One end of the large shaft head is fixed with a three-jaw chuck, and the end with the embedded rear end cover is fixed with a tail top against the center hole of the mandrel. The tip extends into the workpiece through the special-shaped nut, which makes the space structure more compact and greatly reduces the space occupied by the tooling.
本发明虽然已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出可能的变动和修改，因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can use the methods and technical contents disclosed above to improve the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The technical solutions are subject to possible changes and modifications. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present invention belong to the technical solutions of the present invention. protected range.
本发明说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域技术人员的公知技术。The content not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belongs to the well-known technology of those skilled in the art.
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