CN111496077B - Square hole flanging forming method - Google Patents
Square hole flanging forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111496077B CN111496077B CN202010344353.9A CN202010344353A CN111496077B CN 111496077 B CN111496077 B CN 111496077B CN 202010344353 A CN202010344353 A CN 202010344353A CN 111496077 B CN111496077 B CN 111496077B
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- square hole
- flanging
- forming
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D19/00—Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes
- B21D19/08—Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes by single or successive action of pressing tools, e.g. vice jaws
- B21D19/088—Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes by single or successive action of pressing tools, e.g. vice jaws for flanging holes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a square hole flanging forming method, which comprises the following steps: step 1: when a square hole flanging part is formed by using a plate numerical control incremental forming process, firstly, a square hole with a certain size is prefabricated in the center of a plate, the size of the hole is determined by two parameters, the length b of the hole edge and the radius R of a fillet; step 2, for forming a square hole flanging part with a certain flanging height H, keeping the H between 1.4 times and 1.8 times of the difference 1/2 between the flanging side length a and the hole side length b, and step 3, determining the radius R of the prefabricated hole fillet; step four: in the plate numerical control incremental forming square hole flanging process, two-pass or three-pass forming is used, namely two-pass track forming or three-pass track forming. The method is different from the traditional forming of stamping parts, and adopts a plate numerical control incremental forming method. The plate numerical control incremental forming does not need a special die, and has low cost, low design period and flexible and variable processing method. The method is mainly applied to prototype design and manufacture of small-batch and diversified products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of square hole machining, and particularly relates to a square hole flanging forming method.
Background
Square hole flanging is always a common type of flanging piece, is similar to round hole flanging, and has various forming methods. However, the uniformity of wall thickness of a square hole flanging part can not reach the level of a round hole flanging. The corner portions of the material tend to have thicknesses that are difficult to achieve with typical uniformity standards. In the Sheet Forming method, there is a novel Sheet numerical control Incremental Forming (ISF) technique, as shown in fig. 1, a tool head of a certain size is moved on the surface of a Sheet to extrude the Sheet for Forming. The progressive forming has wide application and development background due to the characteristics of low cost, high flexibility, short development period and the like. However, the local thinning phenomenon of the incremental forming technology limits the excellence of the sheet forming result. The invention provides a method for forming a square hole flanging part by multiple passes, which can effectively form the square hole flanging part and obviously improve the uniformity of the formed wall thickness of the part.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a square hole flanging forming method, which is different from the traditional forming of stamping parts and adopts a plate numerical control incremental forming method. The plate numerical control incremental forming does not need a special die, and has low cost, low design period and flexible and variable processing method. The method is mainly applied to prototype design and manufacture of small-batch and diversified products.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a square hole flanging forming method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: when a square hole flanging part is formed by using a plate numerical control incremental forming process, a square hole with a certain size needs to be prefabricated in the center of a plate at first, the size of the hole is determined by two parameters, and the length b of the hole edge and the radius R of a fillet are determined.
Step 2, during the sheet numerical control progressive forming square hole flanging, for a square hole flanging part with a certain flanging height H, H should be kept between 1.4 times and 1.8 times of the difference 1/2 between a and b, namely:
the size of the preformed square hole is related to the size of the preformed flanging hole and the required flanging height. a is the side length of the flanging piece, and the larger the difference value between the side length and the b is, the larger the flanging height is, and the more obvious the corner thinning phenomenon is; the smaller the difference between the thickness of the flange and the thickness of the wall, the smaller the height of the flange and the better the uniformity of the wall thickness distribution.
Step 3, determining the fillet radius R of the prefabricated hole:
the fillet radius R of the prefabricated hole is not too large or too small, when the radius R is too small, the flowability of corner materials is poor, the thinning phenomenon of a flanging opening part is deepened, the uniformity of wall thickness distribution is reduced, and the quality of a finished piece is reduced; when R is too large, the corner material is easy to be locally thinned due to excessive extrusion deformation when the metal tool head moves, so that the edge of the corner is easy to be locally thinned, the uniformity of wall thickness distribution is reduced, and the quality of a finished piece is reduced.
In the numerical control incremental forming square hole flanging of the sheet material, for the radius R of the prefabricated hole fillet, when the side length b of the prefabricated square hole is less than 10mm, the R value is in the range of 1-3 mm; when the side length b of the prefabricated square hole is 10mm to 30mm, the R value is in the range of 3mm to 5 mm; when the side length b of the prefabricated square hole is 30-50 mm, the R value is in the range of 5-7 mm; when the side length of the prefabricated square hole is larger than 50mm, the R value is selected within the range of 0.1-0.2 times of the side length. In special cases, such as local thinning or cracking in some non-specified dimensions, the value of R can be chosen to fluctuate within limits, but twice the radius R of the fillet, i.e. the diameter D of the fillet, should not exceed 1/2 for the side length b of the preformed square hole.
Step four: in the plate numerical control incremental forming square hole flanging process, two-pass or three-pass forming is used, namely two-pass track forming or three-pass track forming.
Furthermore, under special conditions, large-size sheet materials (forming square hole flanging with the side length larger than 100 mm) can be formed by more than three times.
Further, when the difference value of the side length a of the flanging square hole and the side length b of the prefabricated square hole is within 12mm or the height of the flanging is within 10mm, two times of forming are selected; and selecting three times for forming the workpiece with the difference value between the side length a of the flanging square hole and the side length b of the prefabricated square hole larger than 12mm or the flanging height larger than 10 mm.
Further, in the two times of gradually forming the flanging of the square hole. The helix angle should be between 8 ° and 10 °. The square hole flanging is formed in the second pass, namely the final pass, and the layer-by-layer feeding amount of the square hole flanging is in the range of 0.4mm to 0.5 mm.
Furthermore, during the flanging of the square hole formed by three progressive forming steps, the profile of the first-step helical line is positioned above four vertexes of the prefabricated hole, the profile of the second-step helical line is tangent to the flanging hole edge, and the flanging of the square hole is formed by the third-step helical line. The helix angle should be between 8 ° and 10 °. The layer-by-layer feed should be in the range of 0.4mm to 0.5 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method provides a method for forming a square hole workpiece in multiple passes. The method is different from a single-pass forming method and a multi-pass forming method, and the tool head runs for multiple times to form a square hole flanging part.
The method provides a method for forming the prefabricated holes of the sheet material. When the flanging process for gradually forming the square hole is carried out, the hole is prefabricated in the center of the plate. The hole shape is rectangle with round angle, and the round radius is calculated according to different forming sizes.
The method can form a square hole flanging part with a certain height by utilizing a numerical control incremental forming process. The height of the flanging part is related to the size of the preformed hole and the size of the final formed part.
The method is different from the traditional forming of stamping parts, and adopts a plate numerical control incremental forming method. The plate numerical control incremental forming does not need a special die, and has low cost, low design period and flexible and variable processing method. The method is mainly applied to prototype design and manufacture of small-batch and diversified products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art cuff;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a square hole;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a preformed burring hole size configuration;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a spiral line trajectory tangential to the side length of the flanged hole for the first pass;
FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a three-step progressive square hole flanging;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional schematic of the tool tip spiral trajectory.
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a trajectory of a square hole flanging formed by a tool head.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative of the invention and not as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A square hole flanging forming method is characterized in that when a square hole flanging part is formed by utilizing a plate numerical control incremental forming process, a square hole with a certain size needs to be prefabricated in the center of a plate. As shown in fig. 2, the size of the hole is determined by two parameters, the hole edge length b and the fillet radius R.
The size of the preformed square hole is related to the size of the preformed flanging hole and the required flanging height. As shown in fig. 3, a is the side length of the flanging piece, and the larger the difference value between the side length and the b is, the larger the flanging height is, and the more obvious the corner thinning phenomenon is; the smaller the difference between the thickness of the flange and the thickness of the wall, the smaller the height of the flange and the better the uniformity of the wall thickness distribution.
During the square hole turn-ups that the sheet material numerical control progressively takes shape, to the square hole turn-ups finished piece that takes shape certain turn-ups height H, H should keep between 1.4 times to 1.8 times of the difference 1/2 of a and b, promptly:
the fillet radius R of the prefabricated hole is not too large or too small, when the radius R is too small, the flowability of corner materials is poor, the thinning phenomenon of a flanging opening part is deepened, the uniformity of wall thickness distribution is reduced, and the quality of a finished piece is reduced; when R is too large, the corner material is easy to be locally thinned due to excessive extrusion deformation when the metal tool head moves, so that the edge of the corner is easy to be locally thinned, the uniformity of wall thickness distribution is reduced, and the quality of a finished piece is reduced.
In the numerical control incremental forming square hole flanging of the sheet material, for the radius R of the prefabricated hole fillet, when the side length b of the prefabricated square hole is less than 10mm, the R value is in the range of 1-3 mm; when the side length b of the prefabricated square hole is 10mm to 30mm, the R value is in the range of 3mm to 5 mm; when the side length b of the prefabricated square hole is 30-50 mm, the R value is in the range of 5-7 mm; when the side length of the prefabricated square hole is more than 50mm, the R value is selected within the range of 0.1-0.2 of the side length. In special cases, the selection range of the R value can be properly fluctuated, but twice of the fillet radius R, namely the fillet diameter D, should not exceed 1/2 of the side length b of the prefabricated square hole.
In the plate numerical control incremental forming square hole flanging process, single-pass forming, namely one-time track forming, is not suggested. In the single-pass forming result, the right-angle part is remarkably thinned, and the forming quality is poor. Two-pass or three-pass forming, i.e. two-pass forming or three-pass forming, is proposed. Under special conditions, large-size sheet materials (forming square hole flanging with the side length larger than 100 mm) can be formed by more than three times.
When the difference value of the side length a of the flanged square hole and the side length b of the prefabricated square hole is within 12mm or the height of the flanged square hole is within 10mm, two times of forming are selected; and selecting three times for forming the workpiece with the difference value between the side length a of the flanging square hole and the side length b of the prefabricated square hole larger than 12mm or the flanging height larger than 10 mm.
In the two-pass progressive forming of the flanging of the square hole, as shown in fig. 4, the first pass selects a spiral line track tangent to the side length of the flanging hole. Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional line graph of a spiral track. The helix angle should be between 8 ° and 10 °. The square hole flanging is formed in the second pass, namely the final pass, and fig. 7 is a tool head track line graph of the square hole flanging, and the layer-by-layer feeding amount of the tool head track line graph is in a range from 0.4mm to 0.5 mm.
During the three-pass progressive forming of the flanging of the square hole, as shown in fig. 5, the profile of the first-pass helical line is above four vertexes of the prefabricated hole, the profile of the second-pass helical line is tangent to the flanging hole edge, and the third-pass forming of the flanging of the square hole is performed. The helix angle should be between 8 ° and 10 °. The layer-by-layer feed should be in the range of 0.4mm to 0.5 mm.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A square hole flanging forming method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: when a square hole flanging part is formed by using a plate numerical control incremental forming process, a prefabricated square hole with a certain size is prefabricated in the center of a plate, and the size of the prefabricated square hole is determined by the following two parameters: hole side length b and fillet radius R;
step 2, during the sheet numerical control progressive forming square hole flanging, for the square hole flanging part with a certain flanging height H, H is kept between 1.4 times and 1.8 times of the difference 1/2 between a and b, namely:
step 3, determining the fillet radius R of the prefabricated square hole: in the numerical control incremental forming square hole flanging of the plate, for the radius R of the fillet of the prefabricated square hole, when the side length b of the prefabricated square hole is less than 10mm, the R value is in the range of 1-3 mm; when the side length b of the prefabricated square hole is 10mm to 30mm, the R value is in the range of 3mm to 5 mm; when the side length b of the prefabricated square hole is 30-50 mm, the R value is in the range of 5-7 mm; when the side length b of the prefabricated square hole is more than 50mm, the selection range of the R value is in the range of 0.1-0.2 times of the side length b of the hole;
and 4, step 4: in the plate numerical control incremental forming square hole flanging process, two-pass or three-pass forming is used, namely two-pass forming or three-pass forming, and when the difference value of the flanging square hole side length a and the prefabricated square hole side length b is within 12mm or the flanging height H is within 10mm, two-pass forming is selected; and selecting three times for forming the workpiece with the difference value between the side length a of the flanging square hole and the side length b of the prefabricated square hole larger than 12mm or the flanging height larger than 10 mm.
2. The square-hole flanging forming method of claim 1, wherein: in step 3, the selection range of the R value can be properly fluctuated, the fillet diameter D does not exceed 1/2 of the side length b of the prefabricated square hole, and twice of the fillet radius R is the fillet diameter D.
3. The square-hole flanging forming method of claim 1, wherein: in the two-pass progressive forming of the flanging of the square hole, the inclination angle of the spiral line is between 8 degrees and 10 degrees, and the layer-by-layer feeding amount of the flanging of the square hole is within the range of 0.4mm to 0.5mm when the flanging of the square hole is formed in the second pass, namely the final pass.
4. The square-hole flanging forming method of claim 1, wherein: during three times of progressive forming of square hole flanging, the first time of spiral line profile is on four vertexes of the prefabricated square hole, the second time of spiral line profile is tangent with the flanging square hole edge, when the third time of forming of square hole flanging is carried out, the inclination angle of the spiral line is between 8 degrees and 10 degrees, and the layer-by-layer feeding amount is in the range of 0.4mm to 0.5 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010344353.9A CN111496077B (en) | 2020-04-27 | 2020-04-27 | Square hole flanging forming method |
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| CN202010344353.9A CN111496077B (en) | 2020-04-27 | 2020-04-27 | Square hole flanging forming method |
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| CN111496077B true CN111496077B (en) | 2022-02-22 |
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| CN113523059B (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2023-10-13 | 东南大学 | Outer flange flanging forming method |
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| DE102009056444B3 (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-03-17 | RUHR-UNIVERSITäT BOCHUM | Sheet forming method for manufacturing sheet metal section, involves producing sheet metal section from sheet metal cutting fitted into clamping frame by incremental sheet forming through multi-axis forming machine |
| CA2994521C (en) * | 2015-09-03 | 2020-07-28 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Hole widening method, forming tool, and formed product |
| WO2018213162A1 (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-11-22 | Northwestern University | Method and apparatus for double-sided incremental flanging |
| CN108500132B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2020-04-10 | 西安交通大学 | Manufacturing method of flat plate progressive flanging forming tool head |
| CN109622760B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-06-02 | 上海交通大学 | Tool head for incremental forming, design method and incremental forming method |
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