CN111495115B - Method for heating organic waste gas by utilizing thermal plasma - Google Patents

Method for heating organic waste gas by utilizing thermal plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111495115B
CN111495115B CN202010495164.1A CN202010495164A CN111495115B CN 111495115 B CN111495115 B CN 111495115B CN 202010495164 A CN202010495164 A CN 202010495164A CN 111495115 B CN111495115 B CN 111495115B
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gas
organic waste
waste gas
thermal plasma
temperature
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CN111495115A (en
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凌钧
孙懿
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Jiangsu Xianjing Plasma Technology Research Institute Co ltd
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Jiangsu Xianjing Plasma Technology Research Institute Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D46/00Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/02Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26Drying gases or vapours
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/34Regenerating or reactivating
    • B01J20/3483Regenerating or reactivating by thermal treatment not covered by groups B01J20/3441 - B01J20/3475, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/063Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating electric heating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/201Plasma
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00Specific waste
    • F23G2209/14Gaseous waste or fumes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y02A50/2351Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of organic waste gas treatment, in particular to a method for heating and treating organic waste gas by utilizing thermal plasma. The method comprises the following steps: gas pretreatment and purification, molecular sieve adsorption and desorption, gas ultrahigh-temperature cracking and combustion and tail gas treatment. The thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment provided by the invention has the advantages that the temperature of a combustion working area is high, a heating block is adopted, and the cracking and combustion effects of waste gas are more thorough; when the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment works, external air is not needed to supplement air for supporting combustion, so that the gas inflow and the tail gas treatment capacity are greatly reduced, and the use cost is greatly reduced; the core area of the thermal plasma high-temperature pyrolysis equipment can be filled with protective gas as required, and the protective gas can enable organic waste gas to realize high-temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis, so that nitrogen oxides can be effectively controlled to be generated, and the burning explosion risk can be completely avoided.

Description

Method for heating organic waste gas by utilizing thermal plasma
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic waste gas treatment, in particular to a method for heating and treating organic waste gas by utilizing thermal plasma.
Background
At present, the field of treatment and treatment of industrial organic waste gas mainly uses waste gas treatment technologies such as direct combustion waste gas (TO), regenerative thermal combustion (RTO), regenerative catalytic combustion (RCO), activated carbon adsorption and plasma treatment, and related technologies can be used alone or in combination for waste gas treatment.
Some of the above organic waste gas treatment technologies need TO rely on efficient heat sources, for example, TO and RTO require a gas burner as a heat source for maintaining high-temperature combustion, and RCO and activated carbon adsorption and desorption require electric heating power sources. Some technologies have overhigh investment and use cost, such as plasma processing technology (low temperature or high temperature), directly convert all industrial organic waste gas into plasma, and not only have large equipment investment, but also have low energy utilization efficiency and large energy consumption.
Therefore, the prior art for treating industrial organic waste gas has the problems of low efficiency, poor safety and reliability, overhigh investment cost or use cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The applicant aims at the defects in the prior art and provides a method for treating organic waste gas by using thermal plasma, which treats industrial organic waste gas by using the thermal plasma as a heating source, so that the thermal efficiency of the heating source is greatly improved, the use safety and reliability are greatly improved, and the equipment cost and the use cost are greatly reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for heating organic waste gas by using thermal plasma, comprising the following steps:
gas pretreatment and purification: conveying the industrial organic waste gas into gas pretreatment purification equipment through a pipeline, then dedusting the industrial organic waste gas by a dedusting module of the gas pretreatment purification equipment, effectively filtering dust in the industrial organic waste gas, providing a clean working environment for downstream equipment, carrying out water-vapor separation on the dedusted industrial organic waste gas by a water-vapor separation module, effectively separating moisture in the industrial organic waste gas, and finally obtaining dust-free dry industrial organic waste gas;
molecular sieve adsorption and desorption: the pretreated and purified industrial organic waste gas enters the molecular sieve module through a pipeline, the industrial organic waste gas is adsorbed by the molecular sieve module, and the clean gas adsorbed by the molecular sieve module is discharged into the atmosphere through the pipeline; carrying out high-temperature purging on the molecular sieve module after adsorption saturation by using thermal plasma, wherein the purging temperature of the thermal plasma is 1150-1250 ℃, ensuring that the desorption effect of the molecular sieve module is clean and thorough, and forming high-concentration organic waste gas after purging by using the molecular sieve module;
gas ultra-high temperature cracking and combustion: conveying the high-concentration organic waste gas formed after the molecular sieve module is swept to thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment for ultrahigh-temperature cracking through a pipeline, wherein the temperature of a core area of the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment is 6800-7200 ℃, the temperature of a combustion working area of the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment is 1150-1250 ℃, and the high-concentration organic waste gas entering the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment is damaged by high-temperature cracking in the core area, so that molecular chains of all the organic waste gas are completely broken, the structure of the substance is cracked and changed, and the high-molecular pollutants are cracked and decomposed into low-molecular harmless substances; meanwhile, in a system of a plasma torch using an air source, a part of organic waste gas is combusted in a combustion working area due to oxygen;
tail gas treatment: the tail gas generated after high-temperature cracking and burning in the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment enters the organic gas collection module through a pipeline, and the organic gas collection module is mainly used for recycling organic micromolecules formed in the tail gas and treating nitrogen oxides, sulfides and the like generated in the treatment process.
Further, gaseous preliminary treatment clarification plant is including the dust removal module and the steam-water separation module that set gradually, and dust removal module and steam-water separation module pass through the pipeline intercommunication, and the dust removal module is the sack cleaner, and the steam-water separation module is catch water.
Furthermore, the molecular sieve module can adopt a molecular sieve special for adsorbing volatile organic gases.
Further, the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment adopts a thermal plasma torch generator system.
Further, set up protective gas pipeline in the core zone of thermal plasma high temperature pyrolysis equipment, protective gas pipeline can let in protective gas, and inert gas and reducing gas can be chooseed for use to protective gas, and the protective gas in the core zone can let organic waste gas realize high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment provided by the invention has the advantages that the temperature of a combustion working area is high, a heating block is adopted, and the cracking and combustion effects of waste gas are more thorough; when the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment works, external air is not needed to supplement air for supporting combustion, so that the gas inflow and the tail gas treatment capacity are greatly reduced, and the use cost is greatly reduced; protective gas can be introduced into a core area of the thermal plasma high-temperature pyrolysis equipment as required, and the protective gas can enable organic waste gas to be subjected to high-temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis, so that the generation of nitrogen oxides is effectively controlled, and the burning explosion risk can be completely avoided; the invention does not need air supplement, combustion supporting, a large amount of heat storage and a large amount of tail gas treatment, so the overall complexity of the equipment is greatly reduced, relatively speaking, the system operation is more stable and reliable, and the operation cost of the equipment is mainly the electric energy cost and the material consumption cost; the equipment provided by the invention can be supported to be started and stopped immediately, and can meet the requirements of continuous production and discontinuous production simultaneously.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the organic waste gas treatment process according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention comprises the steps of:
because contain certain dust particulate matter in general among the industrial organic waste gas, in addition pass through industrial organic waste gas for a long time in the pipeline, because volatile substance condensation, dust etc. probably adhere and form the dirt at the pipeline inner wall, the dust among these industrial organic waste gas and the dirt in the pipeline lead to the trouble of pipeline jam and downstream equipment easily, can lead to the explosion hidden danger even, the entering of large granule drop of water can influence back end purifying effect, consequently need set up gaseous preliminary treatment clarification plant and carry out the preliminary treatment purification to industrial organic waste gas, effectively carry out effective filtration to particles such as dust in the waste gas, the greasy dirt, water smoke etc..
1. Gas pretreatment and purification:
conveying the industrial organic waste gas into gas pretreatment purification equipment through a pipeline, then dedusting the industrial organic waste gas by a dedusting module of the gas pretreatment purification equipment, effectively filtering dust in the industrial organic waste gas, providing a clean working environment for downstream equipment, carrying out water-vapor separation on the dedusted industrial organic waste gas by a water-vapor separation module, effectively separating moisture in the industrial organic waste gas, and finally obtaining dust-free dry industrial organic waste gas;
the gas pretreatment purifying equipment comprises a dust removal module and a water-vapor separation module which are arranged in sequence, wherein the dust removal module and the water-vapor separation module are communicated through a pipeline, the dust removal module is a bag-type dust remover, and the water-vapor separation module is a steam-water separator.
2. Molecular sieve adsorption and desorption:
the pretreated and purified industrial organic waste gas enters the molecular sieve module through a pipeline, the industrial organic waste gas is adsorbed by the molecular sieve module, and the clean gas adsorbed by the molecular sieve module is discharged into the atmosphere through the pipeline.
The molecular sieve is widely applicable to decolorization, impurity removal and refining of products such as food, medicine, monosodium glutamate chemical industry and the like. Can also be used for water purification treatment. The exhaust gas from chemical plant, leather plant, paint making plant and engineering using various organic solvents contains various organic solvents, inorganic and organic sulfides, hydrocarbons, chlorine, oil, mercury and other components harmful to environment, and can be adsorbed by molecular sieve and then discharged.
And the molecular sieve module after adsorption saturation is subjected to high-temperature purging by using thermal plasma, the purging temperature of the thermal plasma is 1150-1250 ℃, the desorption effect of the molecular sieve module is ensured to be clean and thorough, and high-concentration organic waste gas is formed after the molecular sieve module is purged.
The molecular sieve module can adopt a molecular sieve special for adsorbing volatile organic gas.
3. Gas ultra-high temperature cracking and combustion:
conveying the high-concentration organic waste gas formed after the molecular sieve module is swept to thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment for ultrahigh-temperature cracking through a pipeline, wherein the temperature of a core area of the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment is 6800-7200 ℃, the temperature of a combustion working area of the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment is 1150-1250 ℃, and the high-concentration organic waste gas entering the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment is damaged by high-temperature cracking in the core area, so that molecular chains of all the organic waste gas are completely broken, the structure of the substance is cracked and changed, and the high-molecular pollutants are cracked and decomposed into low-molecular harmless substances, such as water, carbon dioxide and the like; meanwhile, in the system of the plasma torch using the air source, a part of the organic waste gas is burned in the combustion working area due to the oxygen content.
Set up protective gas pipeline in the core region of thermal plasma high temperature pyrolysis equipment, protective gas pipeline can let in protective gas, and inert gas and reducing gas can be chooseed for use to protective gas, and the protective gas in core region can let organic waste gas realize high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis.
The thermal plasma high temperature cracking apparatus employs a thermal plasma torch generator system.
4. Tail gas treatment: the tail gas generated after high-temperature cracking and burning in the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment enters the organic gas collection module through a pipeline, and the organic gas collection module is mainly used for recycling organic micromolecules formed in the tail gas and treating nitrogen oxides, sulfides and the like generated in the treatment process.
The invention treats the industrial organic waste gas by taking the thermal plasma as a heating source (different from the traditional heating source used by TO, RTO, RCO and activated carbon adsorption and desorption and also different from the mode of directly treating the industrial waste gas by the traditional plasma technology), so that the thermal efficiency of the heating source is improved, the safety and reliability are greatly improved, and the problems of overlarge investment and use cost of the plasma treatment technology are avoided.
The above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, which may be modified in any manner within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for heating and treating organic waste gas by utilizing thermal plasma is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
gas pretreatment and purification: conveying the industrial organic waste gas into gas pretreatment purification equipment through a pipeline, then dedusting the industrial organic waste gas by a dedusting module of the gas pretreatment purification equipment, effectively filtering dust in the industrial organic waste gas, providing a clean working environment for downstream equipment, carrying out water-vapor separation on the dedusted industrial organic waste gas by a water-vapor separation module, effectively separating moisture in the industrial organic waste gas, and finally obtaining dust-free dry industrial organic waste gas;
molecular sieve adsorption and desorption: the pretreated and purified industrial organic waste gas enters the molecular sieve module through a pipeline, the industrial organic waste gas is adsorbed by the molecular sieve module, and the clean gas adsorbed by the molecular sieve module is discharged into the atmosphere through the pipeline; carrying out high-temperature purging on the molecular sieve module after adsorption saturation by using thermal plasma, wherein the purging temperature of the thermal plasma is 1150-1250 ℃, ensuring that the desorption effect of the molecular sieve module is clean and thorough, and forming high-concentration organic waste gas after purging by using the molecular sieve module;
gas ultra-high temperature cracking and combustion: conveying the high-concentration organic waste gas formed after the molecular sieve module is swept to thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment for ultrahigh-temperature cracking through a pipeline, wherein the temperature of a core area of the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment is 6800-7200 ℃, the temperature of a combustion working area of the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment is 1150-1250 ℃, and the high-concentration organic waste gas entering the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment is damaged by high-temperature cracking in the core area, so that molecular chains of all the organic waste gas are completely broken, the structure of the substance is cracked and changed, and the high-molecular pollutants are cracked and decomposed into low-molecular harmless substances; meanwhile, in a system of a plasma torch using an air source, a part of organic waste gas is combusted in a combustion working area due to oxygen; a protective gas conveying pipeline is arranged in the core area of the thermal plasma high-temperature pyrolysis equipment, protective gas can be introduced into the protective gas conveying pipeline, inert gas and reducing gas can be selected as the protective gas, and the protective gas in the core area can enable organic waste gas to be subjected to high-temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis;
tail gas treatment: the tail gas generated after high-temperature cracking and burning in the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment enters the organic gas collection module through a pipeline, and the organic gas collection module is mainly used for recycling organic micromolecules formed in the tail gas and treating nitrogen oxides, sulfides and the like generated in the treatment process.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic waste gas is heated by a thermal plasma, and the method comprises: the gas pretreatment purifying equipment comprises a dust removal module and a water-vapor separation module which are arranged in sequence, wherein the dust removal module and the water-vapor separation module are communicated through a pipeline, the dust removal module is a bag-type dust remover, and the water-vapor separation module is a steam-water separator.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic waste gas is heated by a thermal plasma, and the method comprises: the molecular sieve module can adopt a molecular sieve for adsorbing volatile organic gas.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic waste gas is heated by a thermal plasma, and the method comprises: the thermal plasma high-temperature cracking equipment adopts a thermal plasma torch generator system.
CN202010495164.1A 2020-06-03 2020-06-03 Method for heating organic waste gas by utilizing thermal plasma Active CN111495115B (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103316645A (en) * 2013-06-27 2013-09-25 广东工业大学 Regeneration process method and device for solid adsorbent
CN109351140A (en) * 2018-12-05 2019-02-19 航天环境工程有限公司 A kind of hot plasma emission-control equipment and application

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101791506B (en) * 2009-04-30 2012-11-28 宁波大学 Industrial organic exhaust gas active-carbon bed plasma integrated purification technology and device thereof
JP6051371B2 (en) * 2011-06-30 2016-12-27 イマジニアリング株式会社 Plasma generator
CN102728193B (en) * 2012-06-15 2014-04-30 西安建筑科技大学 Low temperature plasma integrated purification plant and method for industrial organic waste gas
CN105148693B (en) * 2015-08-27 2017-11-10 浙江中控研究院有限公司 A kind of oil smoke organic matter purification method
CN207324514U (en) * 2017-10-02 2018-05-08 黑龙江科技大学 A kind of air volatile organic pollution purifier
CN110508109A (en) * 2019-08-14 2019-11-29 南京苏曼等离子科技有限公司 Rotary arc hot plasma catalytic pyrolysis high concentration VOC exhaust treatment system and method

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103316645A (en) * 2013-06-27 2013-09-25 广东工业大学 Regeneration process method and device for solid adsorbent
CN109351140A (en) * 2018-12-05 2019-02-19 航天环境工程有限公司 A kind of hot plasma emission-control equipment and application

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