CN111491591A - 椎体间牵张和稳定装置 - Google Patents

椎体间牵张和稳定装置 Download PDF

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CN111491591A
CN111491591A CN201880081562.XA CN201880081562A CN111491591A CN 111491591 A CN111491591 A CN 111491591A CN 201880081562 A CN201880081562 A CN 201880081562A CN 111491591 A CN111491591 A CN 111491591A
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cage
state
distraction
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R·L·明菲尔德
P·曼焦内
I·霍沃卡
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Mofsban Co
Bpath
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Mofsban Co
Bpath
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Abstract

一种椎体间牵张和稳定装置,该装置包括植入物,该植入物包括用于容纳填充材料的外壳以及与外壳相关联且具有相对的第一侧和第二侧的牵张元件,该牵张元件具有第一状态和第二状态,在第一状态下,牵张元件具有第一高度,在第二状态下,牵张元件具有大于第一高度的第二高度,从而保持身体部位彼此间隔开。

Description

椎体间牵张和稳定装置
技术领域
本发明涉及脊柱外科手术领域。
背景技术
对于脊柱的诸如脊柱变形和神经根痛之类的某些病变,已知通过将椎骨彼此分开移动(也称为“牵张”)并通过将植入物植入患者体内以将椎骨保持在位并稳定脊柱来释放神经元素。植入物用于通过防止椎骨彼此相对移动以促进所述椎骨之间的骨融合来执行关节固定。
然而,防止这种移动所需的手术需要移除某些肌肉以及植入骨部分的骨钉。因此,手术相对繁重,需要全身麻醉,并且需要跟随一段时间的康复。具体地,对于特别地由骨质疏松症而骨结构减弱的人还存在并发症的风险。由此,这种稳定不适用于老年人。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于以简单、耐用且尽可能无创伤的方式执行这种牵张的装置。
为此,根据本发明,提供了一种用于椎体间牵张和稳定的装置,该装置包括:植入物,该植入物包括用于接纳填充材料的柔性包封件(envelope);以及牵张元件,牵张元件与包封件相关联,具有相互相对的第一侧和第二侧,该牵张元件具有第一状态和第二状态,在第一状态下,牵张元件具有第一高度,并且在第二状态下,牵张元件具有大于第一高度的第二高度,该第二高度沿着正交于在第一侧与第二侧之间延伸的第三侧的方向测量,该第三侧以及与第三侧相对的第四侧布置成承靠患者的身体部位,使得当牵张元件处于其第二状态时,第三侧和第四侧基本上彼此间隔开第二高度。
因此,通过牵张元件和包含在包封件中的填充材料的组合作用,使各身体部位保持彼此间隔开。填充材料可以是适于附聚以承受压缩力的粘接剂(cement)、聚集体或颗粒材料。本发明的装置使得能够在柔性包封件中形成刚性块,该刚性块适合于将各身体部位保持预定距离
在其第一状态下,牵张元件与用于限制填充材料的包封件一起更容易插入到身体部位之间,并且当牵张元件从其第一状态转移到其第二状态时获得牵张。
有利地,牵张元件具有笼架形式,并且包封件设计成在笼架的中心空间中延伸,第一侧和第二侧是开口的,使得一旦填充材料插入包封件中,包封件的两个侧向部分就能够延伸到笼架外部。
包封件在笼架内部折叠,并且包封件的柔性使其能够随着填充材料插入包封件中而逐渐展开。在变型中,由可拉伸材料制成的柔性包封件能在笼架内处于搁置状态,并且随着填充材料插入该包封件中而逐渐朝向拉伸状态扩张。
当应用于脊柱时,将牵张元件插入两根椎骨之间,以将它们彼此分开以增加椎盘空间的高度和体积、例如以便在具有约一个椎盘的厚度的椎骨之间提供空间,然后限制包封件在所述空间中展开,并且填充材料插入限制包封件中。填充材料可以是粘接剂,使得一旦凝固,粘接剂块就维持椎间隙。
然后,有利的是,限制包封件是封闭的包封件。
然后,限制包封件用于将如下的材料保持在位:该材料例如通过固化获得内聚力,或者本身保持所述材料的内聚力(如果它是分开的固体)。在变型中,当填充材料设计成快速固化时,包封件可能会打开。
在本发明的另一版本中,装置包括密封元件,该密封元件与包封件互补,并且布置成在椎骨纤维环中形成的切口处提供密封,以便能够将植入物插入到两根椎骨之间。
在已经填充包封件后,该密封元件被移除,同时笼架和包封件保持在位。元件的尺寸可限定成保护围绕插入到纤维环中的点的密封,或者实际上进一步保护后椎盘壁或甚至孔壁。
然后,密封元件优选地具有围绕管的一部分的裙部的形式,该管用于将限制材料插入椎骨之间并最初连接至限制包封件。
在植入物的第一实施例中,沿着正交于第一侧的方向测量第一高度。
因此,通过围绕垂直于法线的轴枢转,使牵张元件从其第一状态变为其第二状态。
在植入物的第二实施例中,沿着正交于第三侧的方向测量第一高度,并且牵张元件布置成在其第一状态与第二状态之间塑性可变形。
然后,牵张是牵张元件变形以呈现其第二状态的结果。
在第二实施例的第一变型中,第三侧和第四侧通过箍套连接在一起,该箍套将第三侧的第一边缘保持远离第四侧的第一边缘,第三侧和第四侧各自具有与其第一边缘相对的相应的第二边缘,当牵张元件处于其第一状态时,第二边缘彼此靠近,并且当牵引元件处于其第二状态时,第二边缘彼此间隔开。
在第二实施例的第二变型中,牵张元件包含相对刚性的内部加强件,所述内部加强件具有第一端和相对的第二端,当牵张元件处于其第一状态时,第一端紧固至牵张元件的第五侧,并且第二端与牵张元件的第六侧间隔开,通过使牵张元件的第三侧和第四侧向外凸起以使牵张元件进入其第二状态,牵张元件的第六侧朝向加强件的第二端可移动。
这种加强件包含填充材料的全部或部分填充包封件,其形状使其能够在椎盘空间中展开。
优选地,借助于工具使牵张元件的第六侧朝向加强件的第二端移动,该工具具有承靠第六侧的承载部分以及系杆,该系杆相对于承载部分可移动并且具有用于附连至加强件的第二端的端部以及操作端。
优选地,第三侧和第四侧中的每一个都设有至少一个钩钉,这些钩钉布置成分别穿透第三侧和第四侧分别承靠的身体部位中。
这改善了植入物的保持到位。
根据本发明的有利特征,限制包封件包括防止其被拉伸超过一定尺寸的外部加强件。
根据另一有利的特征,限制包封件在热的作用下溶解(例如,当粘接剂聚合时)。
在一变型实施方式中,用于将填充材料注入限制外壳的管道或管最初与限制包封件成一体,随后从限制包封件脱离。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在阅读以下本发明的具体、非限制性实施例的说明时显现。
附图说明
参考附图,附图中:
·图1是本发明的第一实施例中的处于其第一状态并且在两个椎骨之间就位的植入物的立体图;
·图2是类似于图1的视图,示出了处于其第二状态的植入物;
·图3是从另一个角度观察所述植入物的立体图;
·图4是类似于图1的视图,示出了在限制包封件已经展开并且插入粘接剂后的植入物;
·图5是类似于图1的视图,示出了植入物,其中纤维环可见;
·图6是本发明的第二实施例中的处于其第一状态的植入物的立体图;
·图7是类似于图6的视图,示出了处于其第二状态的植入物;
·图8是处于其第二状态并且在两个椎骨之间就位的所述植入物的立体图;
·图9是示出了使植入物从其第一状态变为其第二状态的工具的立体图;
·图10是本发明的第三实施例中的处于其第一状态的植入物的立体图;
·图11是类似于图10的视图,示出了处于其第二状态的植入物,其填充包封件被切开并示出为空的;
·图12是本发明的第三实施例的变型中的处于其第一状态的植入物的立体图;
·图13是类似于图12的视图,示出了处于其第二状态的植入物;
·图14是本发明的第四实施例中的处于其第一状态的植入物的立体图;
·图15是类似于图12的视图,示出了处于其第二状态的植入物;
·图16是示出了在插入填充材料时使用密封裙部的立体图。
具体实施方式
这些图仅示出了脊柱的那些用于描述发明的部位或不妨碍本发明可见性的部位。上椎骨仅在图3中示出。因此,椎间盘的纤维环(或环形纤维)如图5所示,尽管它没有被移除以将装置放置到位,其后部仅被切开以使器械或工具通过,并且还将植入物放置到位,如下所述。
参考这些附图,本发明的用于椎体间牵张和稳定的装置包括植入物形式的牵张构件,该牵张构件具有给予总体标记1的笼架形式的牵张元件以及布置成在患者的两根椎骨之间插入的空的粘接剂限制包封件50,所述笼架布置成插入到患者的两根椎骨之间以使它们彼此分开。包封件50在一些附图中未示出,主要是为了提供植入物的其它部分的更好的可见性。
限制包封件50是由柔性材料制成的封闭包封件,其厚度大约在0.5毫米(mm)至1.5mm的范围内,并且在该示例中是弹性可变形的。举例而言,限制包封件50可通过聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺或任何生物耐受性良好的可编织材料的编织线制成。限制包封件50同样能够是单片硅树脂,或者是聚乳酸的衍生物,或者实际上是生物耐受性良好的各种聚合物。通过使用用于通过注射、通过模制、通过胶合或以某种其它方式组合材料的技术,限制包封件50能够将编织的部分与未编织的部分结合起来。
笼架1限定用于接纳限制包封件50的至少中心部分的空间2。笼架1包括:
·彼此相对的第一侧1.1和第二侧1.2,这两侧是开口的,以允许限制包封件50的两个侧向部分从笼架1延伸出来;
·彼此相对的第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4,这两侧是实心的,并且每一侧都承靠两根椎骨中的相应一根,第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4在第一侧1.1与第二侧1.2之间延伸;
·第五侧1.5和第六侧1.6,这两侧分别在第三侧1.3的第一边缘与第四侧1.4的第一边缘之间以及在第三侧1.3的第二边缘与第四侧1.4的第二边缘之间延伸。
笼架1具有第一状态和第二状态,在第一状态中,笼架1具有第一高度,在第二状态中,笼架1具有大于第一高度的第二高度,在笼架1搁置在其第三侧1.3上的同时,沿着垂直方向测量第二高度。第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4中的每一个用于承靠两根椎骨中的相应一根,以便在笼架1处于其第二状态时将它们在第二高度处彼此间隔开。第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4示出为实心的,然而,它们能够包括一个或多个开口,只要开口不妨碍第三侧和第四侧承靠椎骨。
参照图1至5,沿着正交于第一侧1.1或第二侧1.2的方向测量第一高度。
在该实施例中,笼架1基本上呈现矩形的平行六面体形状,其中两侧1.3和1.4朝向侧1.5稍微会聚,笼架是刚性的,并且插入到将要彼此隔开的两根椎骨之间,其第一侧和第二侧面向所述椎骨,即当它处于其第一状态时(参见图1)。为此目的,使用一种工具(未示出),该工具具有手柄,其自由端拧入第五侧1.5。
此后,笼架1(沿工具的螺丝拧紧方向)枢转以使第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4与椎骨中相应的一根面对面,从而使所述椎骨彼此间隔开(参见图2和3)。然后拧开工具。
在该实施例中,在笼架插入椎骨之间之前,将限制包封件插入到笼架1内部并在笼架1内部折叠。在第一构造中,接纳在笼架1中的包封件50是封闭的包封,具有使得填充材料能够插入其中的通路,所述通路在已经插入填充材料之后保持打开或关闭。在第二构造中,包封件设有可移除的裙部。
在第一构造中,并且如图所示,包封件50具有填充孔口,其中粘接剂进料管60的一端接合在填充孔口中。将包封件50插入笼架1中以便随后填充粘接剂或生物材料,从而使其通过穿过第一侧1.1和第二侧1.2从笼架1展开,从而填充大部分椎间空间。然后只有包封件50的中心部分50.1保持在笼架1中。图4示出了完全展开的包封件50,图5示出了由纤维环围绕的包封件50,其中只有纤维环后部被切割,从而能够将植入物和包封件放置就位在椎骨之间。然后,展开的包封件50覆盖相邻的上椎骨和下椎骨的端板的大部分面向表面,其中笼架1本身仅覆盖少数表面积(优选地小于展开的包封件50的表面积的三分之一)。
在第二种情况中,包封件50在填充孔口处具有裙形元件,该元件放置在椎间隙的周界处,以便进入椎骨和纤维的边缘附近或与边缘接触,并且放置在环的周界处,以便防止粘接剂离开包封件50。一旦包封件50就位,就仍然有用于插入粘接剂进料管60的端部的空间。
然后经由粘接剂进料管60将粘接剂插入到包封件50中。
在以下的第二、第三和第四实施例的描述中,与上述那些相同或类似的元件给出相同的参考标记。
在这些实施例中,第一高度和第二高度均沿正交于第三侧1.3的方向测量,并且笼架1布置成在其第一状态与第二状态之间塑性可变形。
在第二实施例中,如图6至9所示,第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4通过箍套3连接在一起,箍套3保持第三侧1.3的第一边缘与第四侧1.4的第一边缘间隔开。当笼架1处于其第一状态时,第三侧和第四侧的第二边缘彼此靠近,并且当笼架1处于其第二状态时,第二边缘彼此间隔开。在这个例子中,笼架1处于其第一状态时是楔形的,其中第六侧大大变平。
在该实施例中,笼架1被插入将要分开(或“牵张”)的两根椎骨之间,其第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4面向所述椎骨中相应的一根,即处于其第一状态(参见图6)。首先插入第六侧1.6,使得笼架1在其第一状态下的楔形使得更容易将笼架1插入到两根椎骨之间。
借助于具有一个端部31的工具30将笼架1插入椎间隙,该端部31通过穿过箍套3接合笼架1内部。
工具30的所述端部31包括两个叉部分,这两个叉部分能够彼此间隔开,以便移动第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4的第二边缘彼此远离。每个叉部分的分支能够朝向彼此移动以插入到笼架1中并从笼架1移除,或者它们能够彼此分开以便在使笼架1变形的同时分配力。随后,工具30在关闭后被移除。
优选地,提供支撑元件6,该支撑元件布置在相互间隔开的第二边缘之间,以使它们彼此相对移动。在此示例中,支撑元件6是可展开元件、比如拴扣,这使得其更容易插入到笼架1中。支撑元件6还能够是单件。
一旦笼架1已经变形并且支撑元件6就位,则将包封件50插入到中心空间中,例如通过箍套3,并如第一实施例中那样将填充材料插入到包封件50中。
应观察到,当笼架1处于其第二状态时,箍套3还在纵向长度上变形。
在变型中,工具30可以简单得多。端部31仅具有两个大致矩形的部分,每个部分包括单件。还可以设想采用一个接一个强制滑入笼架1的矩形块。
在图16的变型中,使用符合第二实施例的笼架1(未示出限制包封件50)以及布置成在椎骨纤维环中制成的切口处提供密封的密封元件,以使笼架1能够插入到两根椎骨之间。
密封元件为围绕管52的一部分的裙部51的形式,该管用于将限制材料插入到椎骨之间。在纤维环、椎骨与管52之间提供密封。
在第三实施例中,如图10和11所示,第五侧1.5和第六侧1.6中的每一个具有相应的中心部分,中心部分折叠成使得当笼架1处于其第一状态时,第五侧1.5和第六侧1.6从笼架1向外对折(图10)。
在该实施例中,笼架1插入将要牵张的两根椎骨之间,其第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4面向所述椎骨中相应的一根(图10)。笼架1的第五侧1.5和第六侧1.6借助于包括两个伸缩部分的工具(未示出)展开,这两个伸缩部分即为用于承靠第五侧1.5的中心部分的一部分以及穿过第五侧1.5的中心部分中形成的孔并具有附连至第六侧1.6的中心部分的端部的系杆。通过拉动系杆的手柄端部,在第五侧1.5和第六侧1.6上施加相反的力,能够理解为系杆使第六侧1.6伸直,而承载部分使第五侧1.5伸直。然后笼架1处于第二状态(图11)。
在图12和图13的变型中,笼架1与图10和11的笼架相同,但它被插入到将要间隔开的两根椎骨之间,笼架1的第一侧和第二侧面向所述椎骨中相应的一根(见图12)。为此目的,使用第一工具(未示出,但与第一实施例中使用的工具相同),该第一工具包括手柄,该手柄的自由端拧入第五侧1.5。
然后,使笼架1枢转(沿工具的螺钉拧紧方向),使第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4面对两个椎骨中相应的一根。然后松开第一工具,并使用第二工具(与第三实施例的工具相同展开第六侧和第五侧1.5。然后笼架1处于第二状态(图13)。
在移除第二工具后,将包封件50放置到位。如上所述,在插入到椎骨之间之前,能够将限制包封件放入笼架1中。
应观察到的是,第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4中的每一侧都有钩钉4,这些钩钉从所述侧朝向笼架1的外部突出,以便穿透到第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4分别承靠的椎骨中。
在第四实施例中,如图14和15所示,笼架1包含相对刚性的内部加强件10,其形状类似于笼架,但其尺寸小于笼架1。内部加强件10包含用于填充的包封件50,并且其第一端10.1紧固至笼架1的第六侧1.6,并且相对的第二端10.2在笼架1处于其第一状态时与笼架1的第五侧1.5间隔开(图14)。将笼架1的第五侧1.5和加强件10的第二端10.2一起移动导致笼架1的第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4向外凸起,并通过塑性变形使笼架1进入其第二状态(图15)。为了避免笼架1的第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4朝向笼架1的内部下垂,内部加强件10呈现出沿正交于第三侧和第四侧的方向测量的尺寸,该尺寸基本上等于第三侧与第四侧之间的距离,致使内部加强件10抵抗笼架1的第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4朝向笼架1的内部下垂。
笼架1的第五侧1.5和加强件10的第二端10.2借助于给予总体标记20的工具一起移动,该工具20具有用于承靠第五侧1.5的承载部分21以及相对于承载部分21可移动的系杆22,并且具有用于附连至加强件10的第二端10.2的一个端部和未示出的操作端。在该示例中,承载部分21由管组成,在该管中系杆22可伸缩地滑动。
应观察到的是,第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4中的每一个都设有钩钉4,这些钩钉从所述侧朝向笼架1的外部突出,以便穿透到第三侧1.3和第四侧1.4分别承靠的椎骨中。
当然,本发明不限于所描述的实施例,而是涵盖落入由权利要求限定的本发明范围内的任何变型。
限制包封件50的材料不一定是可拉伸的。限制包封件50能包括不可拉伸的外部加强件、例如网,以限制包封件50的扩张超过一定尺寸。网能在整个包封件上延伸,以防止沿所有方向的扩张,或者网能仅在包封件的一部分中延伸,以限制沿一个或多个方向的局部扩张。
笼架能够在两种状态之间弹性可变形。然后,有必要提供用于保持笼架变形状态的手段。例如,在第四实施例中,能提供穿过笼架1的第五侧并拧入加强件10的第二端的螺钉,以使第五侧朝向加强件10的第二端移动。
当然,能够设计其它有利的特征或变型:
·该装置能包括密封元件,该密封元件布置成在椎骨纤维环中制成的切口处提供密封,以使植入物能够插入到两根椎骨之间;
·限制包封件50能由在热作用下降解(例如,当粘接剂聚合时)的材料制成,使得包封件50在一定时长后消失;
·包封件50能由可吸收材料制成,例如由聚乳酸和/或聚乙醇酸制成;
·在植入物放置到位之前,用于将填充材料注入包封件的管道的一端能连接至限制包封件,并且随后能够分离。
包封件能由两部分组成,例如呈紧固至笼架的边缘的小袋的形式。所述部分能与笼架1连续地缝合、焊接或粘合,使得它们一起限定体积。
包封件不一定要气密密封,这样它可能留下通道,以用填充材料来填充包封件。
包封件可以只从笼架的一侧延伸。
无论实施例是什么,在牵张元件在椎骨之间放置到位之前或之后,都能将包封件放置就位在牵张元件中。
在所得到的组件在椎骨之间放置到位之前,笼架1还能布置在包封件50中。然后,笼架经由分别在所述椎骨与第三侧和第四侧之间延伸的包封件的各部分来间接地承靠椎骨。牵张元件不一定呈笼架的形式,也不一定具有开口的侧部。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于椎体间牵张和稳定的装置,所述装置包括植入物,所述植入物包括用于容纳填充材料的柔性的限制包封件以及牵张元件,所述牵张元件与所述包封件相关联并且包括相互相对的第一侧和第二侧,所述牵张元件具有第一状态和第二状态,在所述第一状态下,所述牵张元件具有第一高度,并且在所述第二状态下,所述牵张元件具有大于所述第一高度的第二高度,所述第二高度沿着正交于在所述第一侧与所述第二侧之间延伸的第三侧的方向测量,所述第三侧以及与所述第三侧相对的第四侧布置成承靠患者的身体部位,使得当所述牵张元件处于其第二状态时,所述第三侧和所述第四侧基本上彼此间隔开所述第二高度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述牵张元件具有笼架形式,并且所述包封件设计成在所述笼架的中心空间中延伸,所述第一侧和所述第二侧是开口的,使得一旦所述填充材料插入到所述包封件中,所述包封件的两个侧向部分就能够延伸到所述笼架外部。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述牵张元件延伸到所述包封件内部。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,包括密封元件,所述密封元件布置成在椎骨纤维环中制成的切口处提供密封,以使所述植入物能够插入到两根椎骨之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,所述密封元件具有围绕管的一部分的裙部的形式,所述管用于将所述限制材料插入到所述椎骨之间。
6.根据任一前述权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于,沿着正交于所述第一侧或所述第二侧的方向测量所述第一高度。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,沿着正交于所述第三侧的方向测量所述第一高度和所述第二高度,并且所述牵张元件布置成在其第一状态与第二状态之间可变形。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述牵张元件布置成在其第一状态与第二状态之间塑性可变形。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第三侧和所述第四侧通过箍套连接在一起,所述箍套将所述第三侧的第一边缘保持远离所述第四侧的第一边缘,所述第三侧和所述第四侧各自具有与其第一边缘相对的相应的第二边缘,当所述牵张元件处于其第一状态时,所述第二边缘彼此靠近,并且当所述牵引元件处于其第二状态时,所述第二边缘彼此间隔开。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,包括支撑元件,所述支撑元件布置在间隔开的所述第二边缘之间,以抵制它们朝向彼此移动。
11.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述牵张元件包含相对刚性的内部加强件,所述内部加强件具有第一端和相对的第二端,当所述牵张元件处于其所述第一状态时,所述第一端紧固至所述牵张元件的第五侧,并且所述第二端与所述牵张元件的第六侧间隔开,通过使所述牵张元件的所述第三侧和所述第四侧向外凸起以使所述牵张元件进入其第二状态,所述牵张元件的所述第六侧朝向所述加强件的所述第二端可移动。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,借助于工具使所述牵张元件的所述第六侧朝向所述加强件的所述第二端移动,所述工具具有承靠所述第六侧的承载部分以及系杆,所述系杆相对于所述承载部分可移动并且具有用于附连至所述加强件的所述第二端的端部以及操作端。
13.根据任一前述权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第三侧和所述第四侧中的每一个都设有至少一个钩钉,所述至少一个钩钉布置成分别穿透到所述第三侧和所述第四侧分别承靠的身体部位中。
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