CN111488896A - Distribution line time-varying fault probability calculation method based on multi-source data mining - Google Patents
Distribution line time-varying fault probability calculation method based on multi-source data mining Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distribution line time-varying fault probability calculation method based on multi-source data mining, which comprises the following steps of: determining historical fault data of the power distribution network, historical meteorological data and the geographical position of a transformer substation to which each feeder line belongs; screening out data of faults caused by severe weather as a training sample set; respectively counting the fault rate and the repair rate of the distribution line in normal weather and severe weather; constructing an SVM meteorological classifier according to the training sample set and an SVM method; modeling by using a Fock-Planck equation; and determining the time-varying fault probability of the distribution line obtained by current meteorological calculation. The method and the system fully consider the influence of severe meteorological factors on the fault of the distribution line based on the reliability statistical data and the historical meteorological data stored in the power distribution network informatization system, realize automatic and accurate calculation and analysis of the fault probability of the distribution line, and can effectively and accurately calculate the time-varying fault probability of the distribution line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power system analysis, in particular to a method for calculating distribution line time-varying fault probability based on multi-source data mining.
Background
Along with the development of a power distribution network, the grid structure is increasingly complex, the permeability of renewable energy sources in the power distribution network is continuously improved, distribution line faults caused by risk sources of different types all bring a lot of challenges to the operation of the power distribution network, and risk assessment becomes an indispensable link for the operation of the power distribution network.
The accurate calculation of the distribution line fault probability is the basis of operation risk assessment, and the methods for calculating the distribution line fault probability in the prior art are mainly divided into an element outage steady-state probability method, a random fuzzy variable modeling method, a manual scoring method and a fuzzy expert system method. The component outage steady-state probability method represents the failure probability of the distribution line by the steady-state probability in the markov process, and fails to characterize the time-varying characteristics of the distribution line failure during operation. In the power distribution network operation risk assessment, time-varying values reflecting different operation condition conditions are adopted to represent fault probability; the existing method adopts a random fuzzy variable modeling method and combines expert experience to calculate the time-varying fault probability of different lines.
However, the random fuzzy variable modeling, the manual scoring method and the fuzzy reasoning method have strong subjectivity, and may bring certain errors to the calculation of the distribution line fault probability. In addition, researchers also respectively provide a time-varying fault probability calculation method for the distribution line based on different types of risk sources. But distribution lines can receive multiple risk sources to act simultaneously in operation, for example, bad weather such as lightning stroke, strong wind, distribution lines self factors such as ageing and defect. It is not comprehensive to consider only a single source of risk in the above studies.
In view of this, it is urgently needed to provide a distribution line operation risk time-varying fault probability calculation method which truly reflects the time-varying fault probability of a distribution line under different operation conditions based on multi-source data such as external weather and line self-state, and to provide a reference for a scheduling operator to evaluate the system operation risk.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide a distribution line time-varying fault probability calculation method based on multi-source data mining, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining historical fault data of the power distribution network, historical meteorological data and the geographical position of a transformer substation to which each feeder line belongs according to the collected power grid data;
s2, screening out data of faults caused by severe weather according to historical fault data, and finding out corresponding weather data in the historical weather data to be used as a training sample set;
s3, respectively counting the fault rate and the repair rate of the distribution line in normal weather and the fault rate and the repair rate in severe weather;
s4, constructing an SVM meteorological classifier according to the training sample set and the SVM method;
s5, modeling the distribution line state transition process in the step S3 by using a Fock-Planck equation;
s6, determining the current weather, and determining the fault rate and the repair rate in the current operation state according to the step S4;
s7, substituting the fault rate and the repair rate determined in the step S6 into a Fock-Planck equation, and calculating to obtain the time-varying fault probability of the distribution line;
wherein, historical meteorological data includes: daily average temperature, daily maximum/low temperature, daily average wind speed, daily cumulative precipitation, daily cumulative lightning stroke; and screening out data of severe weather due to thunderstorm, strong wind and ice coating from historical fault data.
In the above method, the step S2 includes:
the distribution line operation training sample set is as follows:
S={(xi,yi),xi∈Rn,yi∈{0,1}}
in the formula, XiRepresenting the ith n-dimensional input directionVolume, including meteorological data of temperature, wind speed, precipitation, lightning strike, humidity;
yithe distribution line is classified according to whether the current distribution line running state has a fault or not; y isi0 indicates that no fault occurs in the distribution line in the current-day operating state, and yi1 means that the number of times of the line failure is greater than 0 on the day, and means that the line failure occurs.
In the above method, the step S3 includes:
by the classification statistics of the data with the fault and the data without the fault in step S2, the state transition rate λ in the fault-prone environment can be obtained separately01As shown in the following formula:
in the formula, NLjiIndicating i-th fault, T, occurring on j-th lineLIndicating the duration of the operating condition;
repair rate mu01The following formula:
in the formula, RLjiDenotes the ith repair, D, of the jth lineLIndicating the duration of the operating condition.
In the above method, the step S4 includes:
constructing a classification plane equation as follows:
f(x)=<ω·x>+b
wherein ω is (ω)1,ω1...ωn) Is a weight vector, x ═ x1,x2...xm)T(ii) a b is a threshold value, training errors are used as constraint conditions, and relaxation variables are introduced, so that the optimization problem of the maximum separation surface of the two types of samples can be represented as follows:
s.t. yi[<ω·x>+b]≥1-ξi
0≤αi≤C,ξi≥0,i=1,2...,l
where C > 0 is a penalty factor, with a larger value indicating a greater penalty for an exceeded data point.
In the method, the distribution line state transition process in step S5 is modeled as follows:
P′(t)=P(t)Q
in the formula, P0Probability of feeder being in normal operation, P1Is the probability that the feeder is in the fault state.
The invention provides a distribution line operation risk time-varying fault probability calculation method based on multi-source data mining, which is based on reliability statistical data and historical meteorological data stored in a power distribution network informatization system, fully considers the influence of severe meteorological factors on the distribution line fault, realizes automatic and accurate calculation and analysis of the distribution line fault probability, and can effectively and accurately calculate the distribution line time-varying fault probability. The method avoids errors caused by judgment of a dispatcher according to self experience, can objectively reflect the fault probability of the distribution line in different meteorological environments, and realizes accurate judgment and analysis of the operation risk of the distribution network.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a calculation process of a distribution line operation risk time-varying fault probability provided by the present invention;
figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-state cycle process framework for fault-repair of a distribution line according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the invention provides a distribution line operation risk time-varying fault probability calculation method based on multi-source data mining, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining historical fault data, historical meteorological data, historical load data and the geographical position of the transformer substation to which each feeder line belongs according to the collected power grid data;
the historical meteorological data includes: daily average temperature, daily maximum/low temperature, daily average wind speed, daily cumulative precipitation, daily cumulative lightning stroke, daily average solar radiation, daily average air pressure, daily specific humidity, daily relative humidity, and the like. And screening out data of faults caused by severe weather such as thunderstorm, strong wind, ice coating and the like from the historical fault data, and finding out corresponding weather data from the historical weather data to be used as a training sample.
S2, screening out data of faults caused by severe weather according to the historical fault data, and finding out corresponding weather data in the historical weather data to be used as a training sample set.
The distribution line training sample set is represented by:
S={(xi,yi),xi∈Rn,yi∈{0,1}} (1)
in the formula, xiAnd representing the ith n-dimensional input vector, including meteorological data such as temperature, wind speed, precipitation, lightning stroke, humidity and the like. y isiThe distribution line is classified according to whether the current distribution line running state has a fault or not; label yi0 indicates that no fault occurs in the distribution line in the current-day operating state, and the label yi1 means that the number of times of the line failure is greater than 0 on the day, and means that the line failure occurs.
And S3, respectively counting the fault rate and the repair rate of the distribution line in normal weather and the fault rate and the repair rate in severe weather. As shown in FIG. 3, the fault-repair two-state cycle of distribution lines, whether in normal or inclement weather, is described, where λ01The fault rate of the distribution line from a normal operation state to a fault state under the action of two types of risk sources is a value which changes along with time and the operation condition of the distribution line; mu.s01The repair rate of the distribution line from the fault state to the normal operation state is shown.
By performing the classification statistics on the data with the fault and the data without the fault in step S2, the fault rate λ in the fault-prone environment can be obtained separately01As shown in the following formula:
in the formula, NLjiIndicating i-th fault, T, occurring on j-th lineLIndicating the duration of the operating condition.
Repair rate mu01The following formula:
in the formula, RLjiDenotes the ith repair, D, of the jth lineLIndicating the duration of the operating condition.
S4, constructing an SVM weather classifier according to the training sample set and an SVM (Support Vector Machine) method, wherein the SVM weather classifier comprises the following steps:
constructing a classification plane equation as follows:
f(x)=<ω·x>+b (4)
wherein ω is (ω)1,ω1...ωn) Is a weight vector, x ═ x1,x2...xm)TB is a threshold value, the training error is taken as a constraint condition, and a relaxation variable ξ is introducediThe optimization problem that maximizes the separation plane for both types of samples can be expressed as:
where C > 0 is a penalty factor, with a larger value indicating a greater penalty for an exceeded data point.
And (3) solving the following quadratic programming problem with linear inequality constraint by adopting a Lagrange multiplier method according to the problem, namely the quadratic programming problem with linear inequality constraint in conversion:
The optimization problem can be solved by adopting a Lagrange multiplier method; by introducing a kernel function k (x, x)i) The objective function becomes:
in the formula, αi,αjMore than or equal to 0(i, j ═ 1, 2.., l) is lagrange multiplier, xiFor the ith sample, xjIs the j-th sample, and i is 1, 2.
Of all the kernel functions, the radial basis function has a good effect on handling the non-linearity problem, and if fewer parameters are to be determined than the polynomial kernel function, the radial basis function K (x)iAnd x) is of the formula:
in the selection of parameters of the SVM, a grid search method is adopted in the embodiment to train the values m and n for C and σ, and a group of parameters with the highest prediction accuracy is selected as parameters of a kernel function in the SVM model according to a model training result.
S5, modeling the distribution line state transition process in the step S3 by using a Fock-Planck equation, which is specifically shown as the following formula:
P′(t)=P(t)Q (9)
in the formula, P0Probability of feeder being in normal operation, P1Is the probability that the feeder is in the fault state.
S6, determining the current weather, and determining the fault rate lambda under the current operation state according to the step S401And the repair rate mu01。
S7, determining the fault rate lambda determined in the step S601And the repair rate mu01And substituting the value into a Fock-Planck equation, and calculating to obtain the time-varying fault probability P of the distribution line.
The invention provides a distribution line operation risk time-varying fault probability calculation method based on multi-source data mining, which is based on reliability statistical data and historical meteorological data stored in a power distribution network informatization system, fully considers the influence of severe meteorological factors on the distribution line fault, realizes automatic and accurate calculation and analysis of the distribution line fault probability, and can effectively and accurately calculate the distribution line time-varying fault probability. The method avoids errors caused by judgment of a dispatcher according to self experience, can objectively reflect the fault probability of the distribution line in different meteorological environments, and realizes accurate judgment and analysis of the operation risk of the distribution network.
The present embodiment will be described below by way of specific examples
In the case, 828 total power accident statistical data of 120 feeders in a certain area in south, namely monthly power accident statistical data from 1 month 2014 to 2015 month 7 are collected. The fault feature variable is selected according to the fault feature variable selection method proposed in the above embodiment, the obtained optimal fault feature variable is shown in table 1, and the evaluation value of the optimal fault feature subset is 0.722.
TABLE 1 optimal Fault feature variables
Type (B) | Fault signature variable |
Feeder fault characteristics | Transformer substation to which fault occurrence time and feeder line belong |
External influencing factor | Maximum daily temperature, minimum daily temperature, average daily humidity, and average daily wind speed |
Self-influencing factor | Line length |
Factor of influence of operation | Line load |
By adopting the time-varying fault probability calculation method provided by the embodiment, the time-varying fault probability of all the distribution lines under severe weather can be calculated. The time-varying fault probability and the loss load risk value of the partial distribution line are shown in the table 2 and the table 3.
TABLE 2 probability of time-varying faults for partial lines
TABLE 3 loss of load risk values for partial lines
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any structural changes made under the teaching of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention, which has the same or similar technical solutions as the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A distribution line time-varying fault probability calculation method based on multi-source data mining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining historical fault data of the power distribution network, historical meteorological data and the geographical position of a transformer substation to which each feeder line belongs according to the collected power grid data;
s2, screening out data of faults caused by severe weather according to historical fault data, and finding out corresponding weather data in the historical weather data to be used as a training sample set;
s3, respectively counting the fault rate and the repair rate of the distribution line in normal weather and the fault rate and the repair rate in severe weather;
s4, constructing an SVM meteorological classifier according to the training sample set and the SVM method;
s5, modeling the distribution line state transition process in the step S3 by using a Fock-Planck equation;
s6, determining the current weather, and determining the fault rate and the repair rate in the current operation state according to the step S4;
s7, substituting the fault rate and the repair rate determined in the step S6 into a Fock-Planck equation, and calculating to obtain the time-varying fault probability of the distribution line;
wherein, historical meteorological data includes: daily average temperature, daily maximum/low temperature, daily average wind speed, daily cumulative precipitation, daily cumulative lightning stroke; and screening out data of severe weather due to thunderstorm, strong wind and ice coating from historical fault data.
2. The computing method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 includes:
the distribution line operation training sample set is as follows:
S={(xi,yi),xi∈Rn,yi∈{0,1}}
in the formula, xiRepresenting the ith n-dimensional input vector, including meteorological data of temperature, wind speed, precipitation, lightning stroke and humidity;
yithe distribution line is classified according to whether the current distribution line running state has a fault or not; y isi0 indicates that no fault occurs in the distribution line in the current-day operating state, and yi1 means that the number of times of the line failure is greater than 0 on the day, and means that the line failure occurs.
3. The computing method according to claim 2, wherein the step S3 includes:
by the classification statistics of the data with the fault and the data without the fault in step S2, the state transition rate λ in the fault-prone environment can be obtained separately01As shown in the following formula:
in the formula, NLjiIndicating i-th fault, T, occurring on j-th lineLIndicating the duration of the operating condition;
repair rate mu01The following formula:
in the formula, RLjiDenotes the ith repair, D, of the jth lineLIndicating the duration of the operating condition.
4. The computing method according to claim 3, wherein the step S4 includes:
constructing a classification plane equation as follows:
y=<ω·x>+b
wherein ω is (ω)1,ω1...ωn) Is a weight vector, x ═ x1,x2...xm)T(ii) a b is a threshold value, and takes a training error as a constraint condition and introducesThe optimization problem of relaxing the variable ξ so that the separation plane is the largest for both types of samples can be expressed as:
s.t.yi[<ω·x>+b]≥1-ξi
0≤αi≤C,ξi≥0,i=1,2...,l
where C > 0 is a penalty factor, with a larger value indicating a greater penalty for an exceeded data point.
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