CN111695736B - Photovoltaic power generation short-term power prediction method based on multi-model fusion - Google Patents

Photovoltaic power generation short-term power prediction method based on multi-model fusion Download PDF

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CN111695736B
CN111695736B CN202010541414.0A CN202010541414A CN111695736B CN 111695736 B CN111695736 B CN 111695736B CN 202010541414 A CN202010541414 A CN 202010541414A CN 111695736 B CN111695736 B CN 111695736B
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CN111695736A (en
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郑哲
耿晓明
贺立朝
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Hebei Ruijing Energy Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic power generation short-term power prediction method based on multi-model fusion, which comprises the following steps: step 1, weather historical data and corresponding photovoltaic power generation historical data of a predicted photovoltaic power generation area are obtained, and a first power predicted value corresponding to the current weather data is calculated according to the collected current weather data, weather historical data and photovoltaic power generation historical data by using a local weighted linear regression model; step 2, calculating a second power predicted value corresponding to the current moment by adopting a recurrent neural network according to the photovoltaic power generation historical data and the corresponding power generation time; and 3, under the condition of minimum fusion error value, calculating a first fusion weight and a second fusion weight corresponding to the local weighted linear regression model and the recurrent neural network, and combining the first power predicted value and the second power predicted value to calculate a third power predicted value at the current moment and under meteorological conditions. Through the technical scheme in this application, the accuracy of photovoltaic power generation short-term power prediction is improved.

Description

Photovoltaic power generation short-term power prediction method based on multi-model fusion
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation short-term power prediction method based on multi-model fusion.
Background
Climate change and energy crisis drive the use and development of solar power generation. Solar energy is considered one of the most abundant and promising candidate energy sources for large-scale power generation. However, one inherent feature of all renewable energy sources is the high degree of intermittence, the generation of electricity being entirely dependent on weather and weather parameters, and therefore the output of solar energy is not fully controlled or planned in advance.
The photovoltaic system is ensured to be safely integrated into the intelligent power grid, accurate short-term power prediction is achieved, and the photovoltaic system is an important component of a new energy management system. Unexpected fluctuations in solar energy production may have a significant impact on daily operation and management, and the health of the whole grid may have a negative impact on the quality of life of new energy consumers, if an accurate short-term power prediction is lacking.
In the prior art, a single prediction model is generally used for short-term power prediction, so that the adaptability is not strong, and the data predicted by the single prediction model is one of linear and nonlinear, so that unavoidable prediction risks exist in the data predicted by the model, and the stability of the photovoltaic grid connection can be influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the present application is: and a linear and nonlinear prediction fusion mode is adopted, prediction risks existing in the prediction data are dispersed, the accuracy of short-term power prediction of photovoltaic power generation is improved, and the reliability of photovoltaic grid connection is further improved.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows: the invention provides a photovoltaic power generation short-term power prediction method based on multi-model fusion, which comprises the following steps: step 1, weather historical data and corresponding photovoltaic power generation historical data of a predicted photovoltaic power generation area are obtained, and a first power predicted value corresponding to the current weather data is calculated according to the collected current weather data, weather historical data and photovoltaic power generation historical data by using a local weighted linear regression model; step 2, calculating a second power predicted value corresponding to the current moment by adopting a recurrent neural network according to the photovoltaic power generation historical data and the corresponding power generation time; and 3, under the condition of minimum fusion error value, calculating a first fusion weight and a second fusion weight corresponding to the local weighted linear regression model and the recurrent neural network, and combining the first power predicted value and the second power predicted value to calculate a third power predicted value at the current moment and under meteorological conditions.
In any of the above technical solutions, further, in step 1, specifically includes: step 11, dividing meteorological historical data and photovoltaic power generation historical data into a training set and a testing set; step 12, calculating correlation coefficients between the meteorological historical data and the photovoltaic power generation capacity historical data in the training set in sequence, constructing a local weighted linear regression model, and calculating predicted power generation capacity data corresponding to the meteorological historical data in the test set; step 13, correcting the local weighted linear regression model according to the predicted power generation data and the historical data of the photovoltaic power generation in the test set by combining the loss function, and judging that the local weighted linear regression model completes correction when the loss function converges; and 14, carrying out power prediction on the acquired current meteorological data according to the corrected local weighted linear regression model, and recording a prediction result as a first power prediction value.
In any of the above technical solutions, further, in step 13, a calculation formula of the loss function is:
Figure BDA0002538981090000023
Figure BDA0002538981090000021
wherein m is the number of data in the test set, and x (i) For the predicted power generation amount data corresponding to the ith weather history data in the test set, y (i) Photovoltaic power generation amount historical data, w, corresponding to the ith weather historical data i (x) For the ith predicted power generation amount data x (i) Is used for the weight value of (a),
Figure BDA0002538981090000022
for the ith predicted power generation amount data x (i) The j-th adjacent point in the preset range, k is a weight change parameter, theta (i) For the corresponding matrix of correlation coefficients,
wherein, the value of each element in the correlation coefficient matrix is determined by the value of the correlation coefficient, if the value of the correlation coefficient is [ -0.5,0.5], the value of the corresponding element is 0, otherwise, the value is 1.
In any one of the above technical solutions, further, in step 3, under the condition that the fusion error value is minimum, the first fusion weight and the second fusion weight corresponding to the local weighted linear regression model and the recurrent neural network specifically include:
step 31, calculating a first historical power predicted value corresponding to weather historical data according to a local weighted linear regression model, and calculating a second historical power predicted value corresponding to power generation time according to a recurrent neural network;
step 32, calculating a first fusion weight and a second fusion weight by adopting a fusion error calculation formula according to the first historical power predicted value, the second historical power predicted value and the photovoltaic power generation amount historical data, wherein the fusion error calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002538981090000031
p c (n) =w 1 p 1 (n) +w 2 p 2 (n)
Figure BDA0002538981090000032
Figure BDA0002538981090000033
wherein p is t (n) For the nth photovoltaic power generation amount history data, p 1 (n) For the corresponding first historical power predicted value, p 2 (n) For the corresponding second historical power predicted value, w 1 W is the first fusion weight 2 P is the second fusion weight c (n) E is the n-th historical power predicted value after fusion 1 E is the error value corresponding to the first historical power predicted value 2 For the error value corresponding to the second historical power predictor, var (·) is variance and cov (·) is covariance.
In any of the above solutions, further, the weather history data includes: irradiance, visibility, ambient temperature, dew point temperature, ambient humidity, wind speed, barometric pressure, altitude.
The beneficial effects of this application are:
according to the technical scheme, the local weighted linear regression model is adopted, the current meteorological data is utilized to conduct linear prediction on the photovoltaic power generation short-term power, a loss function and a correlation coefficient matrix determined by correlation coefficients of historical data are introduced, the local weighted linear regression model is corrected, and the accuracy of linear model prediction is improved.
According to the method and the device, the fusion error is introduced, the first fusion weight and the second fusion weight are calculated, the fusion of the local weighted linear regression model and the prediction result of the nonlinear recurrent neural network is achieved, the prediction risk existing in the linear and nonlinear prediction data is dispersed as the result of the short-term power prediction, the accuracy of the short-term power prediction of photovoltaic power generation is improved, and the influence of photovoltaic grid-connected fluctuation on a power grid is reduced.
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The advantages of the foregoing and/or additional aspects of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a photovoltaic power generation short-term power prediction method based on multi-model fusion according to one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a recurrent neural network according to one embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, however, the present application may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and thus the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a photovoltaic power generation short-term power prediction method based on multi-model fusion, including: step 1, weather historical data and corresponding photovoltaic power generation amount historical data of a predicted photovoltaic power generation area are obtained, and a local weighted linear regression model is utilized to calculate a first power predicted value corresponding to the current weather data according to the collected current weather data, weather historical data and photovoltaic power generation amount historical data, wherein the weather historical data comprises: irradiance, visibility, ambient temperature, dew point temperature, ambient humidity, wind speed, barometric pressure, altitude.
Specifically, historical data of a predicted photovoltaic power generation area for one year is selected, the historical data comprises meteorological historical data and photovoltaic power generation capacity historical data, the historical data is processed, the historical data is grouped by taking every 15 minutes as a statistical unit, a plurality of groups of data are obtained, 80% of the plurality of groups of data are randomly divided into training sets, and the rest 20% of the plurality of groups of data are divided into test sets.
Further, in step 1, specifically includes:
step 11, dividing meteorological historical data and photovoltaic power generation historical data into a training set and a testing set;
step 12, calculating correlation coefficients between the meteorological historical data and the photovoltaic power generation capacity historical data in the training set in sequence, constructing a local weighted linear regression model, and calculating predicted power generation capacity data corresponding to the meteorological historical data in the test set;
specifically, in this embodiment, a locally weighted linear regression (Locally weighted linear regression, WLR) model based on principal component analysis (Principal Component Analysis, PCA) is used as a linear model, and each set of data is used as each data point in the linear analysis process to perform linear analysis on weather history data and photovoltaic power generation history data.
Through linear operation on the historical data, the correlation coefficient between each meteorological historical data and the photovoltaic power generation capacity historical data can be calculated, in particular, parameters such as irradiance, visibility, ambient temperature, ambient humidity and the like have great influence on the photovoltaic power generation capacity, therefore, a threshold value of minus 0.5,0.5 is set, a correlation coefficient matrix is generated through comparison with the correlation coefficient, when the value of the correlation coefficient is within the range of minus 0.5, the value of the corresponding element in the correlation coefficient matrix is 0, and otherwise, the value of the corresponding element is 1.
And 13, correcting the local weighted linear regression model according to the predicted power generation data and the historical data of the photovoltaic power generation in the test set by combining the loss function, and judging that the local weighted linear regression model completes correction when the loss function converges, wherein the calculation formula of the loss function is as follows:
Figure BDA0002538981090000051
Figure BDA0002538981090000052
wherein m is the number of data in the test set, and x (i) For the predicted power generation amount data corresponding to the ith weather history data in the test set, y (i) Photovoltaic power generation amount historical data, w, corresponding to the ith weather historical data i (x) For the ith predicted power generation amount data x (i) Is used for the weight value of (a),
Figure BDA0002538981090000053
for the ith predicted power generation amount data x (i) The j-th adjacent point in the preset range, k is a weight change parameter, theta (i) For the corresponding matrix of correlation coefficients,
wherein, the value of each element in the correlation coefficient matrix is determined by the value of the correlation coefficient, if the value of the correlation coefficient is [ -0.5,0.5], the value of the corresponding element is 0, otherwise, the value is 1.
Specifically, when the local weighted linear regression model is used for predicting the generated energy, not all data are selected for linear regression prediction, but adjacent data near the predicted point (data point) are selected, so that after the local weighted linear regression model is built by the data in the training set, a loss function is introduced to correct the local weighted linear regression model, so that the larger the weight corresponding to the data point with the closer predicted point distance is, the larger the contribution to the regression coefficient in the local weighted linear regression model is. And the correlation coefficient matrix constructed according to the correlation coefficients is fully utilized to realize the correction of the local weighted linear regression model, so that the accuracy of linear prediction of the local weighted linear regression model is improved.
And 14, carrying out power prediction on the acquired current meteorological data according to the corrected local weighted linear regression model, and recording a prediction result as a first power prediction value.
Step 2, calculating a second power predicted value corresponding to the current moment by adopting a recurrent neural network according to the photovoltaic power generation historical data and the corresponding power generation time;
specifically, as shown in fig. 2, in order to utilize the time-dependent change trend in the historical data, a recurrent neural network is used as the nonlinear prediction model in the present embodiment. When constructing the recurrent neural network, the recurrent neural network comprises three hidden layers of LSTM, tanh and Sigmoid, and then an ideal distribution initial value is selected for the weight value in the recurrent neural network by using an Xavier-He initialization method.
And then training the recurrent neural network by utilizing the historical data of the photovoltaic power generation amount and the corresponding power generation time, and confirming the stability of a predicted result by using 10 times of cross verification, and finally obtaining the stable recurrent neural network so as to realize the calculation of a second power predicted value at the current moment.
Step 3, under the condition that the fusion error value is minimum, calculating a first fusion weight and a second fusion weight corresponding to the local weighted linear regression model and the recurrent neural network, and combining the first power predicted value and the second power predicted value, and calculating a third power predicted value under the current moment and the weather condition, wherein under the condition that the fusion error value is minimum, calculating the first fusion weight and the second fusion weight corresponding to the local weighted linear regression model and the recurrent neural network specifically comprises:
step 31, calculating a first historical power predicted value corresponding to weather historical data according to a local weighted linear regression model, and calculating a second historical power predicted value corresponding to power generation time according to a recurrent neural network;
step 32, according to the first historical power predicted value, the second historical power predicted value and the photovoltaic power generation amount historical data, a fusion error calculation formula is adopted, and under the condition that the fusion error value is minimum, a corresponding first fusion weight and second fusion weight are calculated, wherein the fusion error calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002538981090000071
p c (n) =w 1 p 1 (n) +w 2 p 2 (n)
Figure BDA0002538981090000072
Figure BDA0002538981090000073
wherein p is t (n) For the nth photovoltaic power generation amount history data, p 1 (n) For the corresponding first historical power predicted value, p 2 (n) For the corresponding second historical power predicted value, w 1 W is the first fusion weight 2 P is the second fusion weight c (n) E is the n-th historical power predicted value after fusion 1 E is the error value corresponding to the first historical power predicted value 2 For the error value corresponding to the second historical power predictor, var (·) is variance and cov (·) is covariance.
Specifically, a first historical power predicted value obtained by setting a local weighted linear regression model is p 1 (n) The second historical power predicted value obtained by the recurrent neural network is p 2 (n) After the weight is introduced, the corresponding historical power predicted value p c (n) The method comprises the following steps:
p c (n) =w 1 p 1 (n) +w 2 p 2 (n)
wherein w is 1 W is the first fusion weight 2 And the second fusion weight value.
Taking linear prediction, nonlinear prediction and photovoltaic power generation amount historical data p into consideration t (n) In this embodiment, a fusion error calculation manner is adopted, and a corresponding first fusion weight w is calculated under the condition that a fusion error value is minimum 1 And is the second fusion weight w 2 At this time, the fusion error calculation formula is:
Figure BDA0002538981090000074
p c (n) =w 1 p 1 (n) +w 2 p 2 (n)
at this time, the historical power predicted value p c (n) And photovoltaic power generation history data p t (n) The variance of the error is:
Figure BDA0002538981090000081
where cov (·) is covariance.
By calculating the variance Var (e) c ) Can be obtained by:
Figure BDA0002538981090000082
Figure BDA0002538981090000083
therefore, by the above-mentioned limitation, it can be countedCalculating a first fusion weight w 1 And a second fusion weight w 2
The short-term power prediction method in the embodiment is utilized to predict through statistics of historical data of a certain photovoltaic power station in China, and the calculated first fusion weight w is calculated 1 =0.3, second fusion weight w 2 =0.7, and further compared with the short-term power prediction method of a single prediction model, the prediction accuracy is improved by about 8% compared with the linear model, and the prediction accuracy is improved by about 5% compared with the nonlinear model. In summary, by the method in the embodiment, the reliability and stability of the photovoltaic power generation grid connection can be improved.
The technical scheme of the application is explained in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the application provides a photovoltaic power generation short-term power prediction method based on multi-model fusion, which comprises the following steps: step 1, weather historical data and corresponding photovoltaic power generation historical data of a predicted photovoltaic power generation area are obtained, and a first power predicted value corresponding to the current weather data is calculated according to the collected current weather data, weather historical data and photovoltaic power generation historical data by using a local weighted linear regression model; step 2, calculating a second power predicted value corresponding to the current moment by adopting a recurrent neural network according to the photovoltaic power generation historical data and the corresponding power generation time; and 3, under the condition of minimum fusion error value, calculating a first fusion weight and a second fusion weight corresponding to the local weighted linear regression model and the recurrent neural network, and combining the first power predicted value and the second power predicted value to calculate a third power predicted value at the current moment and under meteorological conditions. Through the technical scheme in the application, the accuracy of photovoltaic power generation power prediction is improved.
The steps in the present application may be sequentially adjusted, combined, and pruned according to actual requirements.
The units in the device can be combined, divided and pruned according to actual requirements.
Although the present application is disclosed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such descriptions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the application of the present application. The scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and may include various modifications, alterations, and equivalents to the invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the application.

Claims (2)

1. A photovoltaic power generation short-term power prediction method based on multi-model fusion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, weather historical data and corresponding photovoltaic power generation historical data of a predicted photovoltaic power generation area are obtained, and a first power predicted value corresponding to the current weather data is calculated according to the collected current weather data, the weather historical data and the photovoltaic power generation historical data by utilizing a local weighted linear regression model; in step 1, specifically, the method includes:
step 11, dividing the meteorological historical data and the photovoltaic power generation capacity historical data into a training set and a testing set;
step 12, calculating correlation coefficients between the meteorological historical data and photovoltaic power generation capacity historical data in the training set in sequence, constructing the local weighted linear regression model, and calculating predicted power generation capacity data corresponding to the meteorological historical data in the test set;
step 13, correcting the local weighted linear regression model according to the predicted power generation amount data and the photovoltaic power generation amount historical data in the test set by combining a loss function, and judging that the local weighted linear regression model is corrected when the loss function converges; in step 13, the calculation formula of the loss function is:
Figure QLYQS_1
Figure QLYQS_2
wherein m is the number of data in the test set, and x (i) For the predicted power generation amount data corresponding to the ith weather history data in the test set, y (i) Photovoltaic power generation amount historical data, w, corresponding to the ith weather historical data i (x) For the ith predicted power generation amount data x (i) Is used for the weight value of (a),
Figure QLYQS_3
for the ith predicted power generation amount data x (i) The j-th adjacent point in the preset range, k is a weight change parameter, theta (i) For the corresponding matrix of correlation coefficients,
wherein, the value of each element in the correlation coefficient matrix is determined by the value of the correlation coefficient, if the value of the correlation coefficient is [ -0.5,0.5], the value of the corresponding element is 0, otherwise, the value is 1;
step 14, carrying out power prediction on the collected current meteorological data according to the corrected local weighted linear regression model, and recording a prediction result as the first power prediction value;
step 2, calculating a second power predicted value corresponding to the current moment by adopting a recurrent neural network according to the photovoltaic power generation historical data and the corresponding power generation time;
step 3, under the condition that the fusion error value is minimum, calculating a third power predicted value under the current moment and weather conditions by combining the first power predicted value and the second power predicted value, wherein under the condition that the fusion error value is minimum, calculating the first fusion weight and the second fusion weight corresponding to the local weighted linear regression model and the recurrent neural network, specifically comprising:
step 31, calculating a first historical power predicted value corresponding to the weather history data according to the local weighted linear regression model, and calculating a second historical power predicted value corresponding to the power generation time according to the recurrent neural network;
step 32, calculating the first fusion weight and the second fusion weight according to the first historical power predicted value, the second historical power predicted value and the photovoltaic power generation amount historical data by adopting a fusion error calculation formula, wherein the fusion error calculation formula is as follows:
Figure QLYQS_4
p c (n) =w 1 p 1 (n) +w 2 p 2 (n)
Figure QLYQS_5
Figure QLYQS_6
wherein p is t (n) For the nth photovoltaic power generation amount history data, p 1 (n) For the corresponding first historical power predicted value, p 2 (n) For the corresponding second historical power predicted value, w 1 For the first fusion weight, w 2 For the second fusion weight, p c (n) E is the n-th historical power predicted value after fusion 1 E, for the error value corresponding to the first historical power predicted value 2 For the error value corresponding to the second historical power prediction value, var (·) is variance and cov (·) is covariance.
2. The photovoltaic power generation short-term power prediction method based on multi-model fusion according to claim 1, wherein the weather history data includes: irradiance, visibility, ambient temperature, dew point temperature, ambient humidity, wind speed, barometric pressure, altitude.
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