CN111487283A - Radiation refrigeration power measuring device and system - Google Patents
Radiation refrigeration power measuring device and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111487283A CN111487283A CN202010600538.1A CN202010600538A CN111487283A CN 111487283 A CN111487283 A CN 111487283A CN 202010600538 A CN202010600538 A CN 202010600538A CN 111487283 A CN111487283 A CN 111487283A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a system for measuring radiation refrigeration power. The measuring device of radiation refrigeration power comprises a container, an atmosphere inverse radiation simulation assembly and an atmosphere window simulation assembly, wherein the container is provided with a measuring chamber. The atmosphere reverse radiation simulation assembly is arranged in the measurement chamber and used for simulating reverse radiation of atmosphere to the earth. The atmosphere window simulation assembly is arranged in the measurement chamber and used for simulating an atmosphere window. The atmosphere window simulation assembly and the atmosphere inverse radiation simulation assembly are used for covering the hemispherical space of the material to be measured, and simulate the radiation conditions of the atmosphere in all wave bands together, so that the measuring device can simulate the atmosphere radiation with the atmosphere window, the comprehensive effect is closer to the actual atmosphere radiation condition, and the reliability of the measuring result is higher. In addition, the measuring device can measure the radiation refrigeration power of the material to be measured indoors, and is flexible to use and strong in repeatability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a device and a system for measuring radiation refrigeration power.
Background
Radiation refrigeration has the characteristic of reducing the temperature of the refrigerator without consuming energy, and is widely applied to the fields of energy-saving building materials, outdoor products and the like. The radiation refrigeration power is one of indexes for measuring the cooling capacity of the material, and the size of the radiation refrigeration power is directly related to the quality of the radiation cooling effect of the product. However, the conventional measuring device can measure the radiation cooling power of the product only outdoors, and the reliability of the measurement result is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, there is a need for a radiation cooling power measuring device and system, which can measure the radiation cooling power of the material to be measured indoors and has high reliability of the measurement result.
A radiant cooling power measuring device, comprising:
a container having a measurement chamber;
the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation assembly is arranged in the measurement chamber and used for simulating the reverse radiation of the atmosphere to the earth;
the atmosphere window simulation assembly is arranged in the measurement cavity and used for simulating an atmosphere window;
the atmosphere window simulation assembly and the atmosphere inverse radiation simulation assembly are used for covering a hemispherical space of a material to be tested, and simulate the radiation conditions of the atmosphere in all wave bands together.
In one embodiment, the atmospheric window simulation assembly comprises an atmospheric window simulation layer, a refrigerator and a cooling pipe connected with the refrigerator, and the cooling pipe covers the outer surface of the atmospheric window simulation layer.
In one embodiment, the atmosphere window simulation layer has absorptivity of more than 90% for light in the wavelength bands of 0.3-2.5 μm and 8-13 μm, and reflectivity of more than 90% for light in the other wavelength bands.
In one embodiment, the atmosphere window simulation layer comprises a first atmosphere window simulation layer positioned on the inner side and a second atmosphere window simulation layer positioned on the outer side, the transmittance of the first atmosphere window simulation layer to the light with the wave band of 0.3-2.5 μm is more than 90%, and the absorptivity or emissivity to the light with the wave band of 8-13 μm is more than 90%; the absorptivity or radiance of the second atmospheric window simulation layer to the light with the wave band of 0.3-2.5 mu m is larger than 90%, and the reflectivity to the light with the wave band of 2.5-25 mu m is larger than 90%.
In one embodiment, the first atmospheric window simulation layer is at least one of a lithium fluoride layer and a polyvinyl fluoride layer; the second atmospheric window simulation layer is at least one of a stainless steel layer after nickel oxidation, a black sulfide plated metal layer and a black chromium plated metal layer.
In one embodiment, the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation component comprises an atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer, a thermostat and a constant temperature pipe connected with the thermostat, and the constant temperature pipe covers the outer surface of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer; the temperature of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer is greater than that of the material to be detected.
In one embodiment, the emissivity of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer for light in a wave band of 0.3-25 microns is greater than 90%, and the absorptivity for light in a wave band of 0.3-25 microns is greater than 90%.
In one embodiment, the atmospheric reverse radiation simulation layer is a black material layer.
In one embodiment, the peripheral wall of the container has a vacuum chamber.
In one embodiment, the device for measuring the radiation refrigerating power further comprises a solar simulator, and the solar simulator emits light capable of irradiating the surface of the material to be measured.
In one embodiment, the device for measuring radiation refrigeration power further comprises a measuring component, the measuring component comprises a temperature acquisition element and a heating element for heating the material to be measured, and the temperature acquisition element is used for measuring the temperature of the material to be measured.
In one embodiment, the measuring assembly further comprises a metal plate for placing the material to be measured, and the surface of the metal plate, which is away from the material to be measured, is in contact with the heating element.
In one embodiment, the device for measuring radiation refrigeration power further comprises a programmable power supply, a data acquisition element and a computer, wherein the programmable power supply is electrically connected with the heating element and the computer respectively, and the data acquisition element is in communication connection with the temperature acquisition element and the computer respectively.
A radiation refrigeration power measuring system comprises a material to be measured and the radiation refrigeration power measuring device, wherein the material to be measured faces an atmosphere reverse radiation simulation assembly and an atmosphere window simulation assembly.
According to the radiation refrigeration power measuring device and system, the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation assembly is arranged in the measuring cavity, and the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation assembly can perform radiation heat exchange with the material to be measured, so that the material to be measured obtains certain net heat. The atmosphere window simulation assembly is arranged in the measuring chamber, so that the material to be measured can radiate energy mainly ranging from 8 micrometers to 13 micrometers to the atmosphere window simulation assembly, and the effect of radiation heat exchange of the material to be measured to the outer space through the atmosphere window is simulated. The traditional measuring device adopts liquid nitrogen as a cold source to simulate the radiation heat exchange of outer space, so that the radiation refrigeration power of the material to be measured is measured under the condition of no spectrum selectivity, and the reliability of the measuring result is lower. The atmosphere is simulated in the whole radiation of all wave bands through the combined action of the atmosphere inverse radiation simulation assembly and the atmosphere window simulation assembly, so that the comprehensive effect is closer to the actual atmosphere radiation condition, and the reliability of the measurement result is higher. In addition, the measuring device can measure the radiation refrigeration power of the material to be measured indoors, and is flexible to use and strong in repeatability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring radiation refrigeration power according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view at a in the measurement apparatus of the radiation cooling power shown in fig. 1;
fig. 3 is a one-dimensional steady-state model of a device for measuring radiation cooling power according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the drawings:
10. a container; 11. a measurement chamber; 12. a vacuum chamber; 13. a vacuum pump; 14. a transmission window; 20. an atmosphere inverse radiation simulation component; 21. an atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer; 22. a thermostat; 23. a thermostatic tube; 30. an atmospheric window simulation component; 31. an atmospheric window simulation layer; 32. a refrigerator; 33. a cooling tube; 40. a measurement assembly; 41. a heating member; 42. a temperature acquisition element; 43. a metal plate; 44. a heat-insulating layer; 50. a program-controlled power supply; 51. a data acquisition element; 52. a computer; 60. a material to be tested; 70. a solar simulator; 80. a first bracket; 81. a second support.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the present invention, the terms "emissivity", "absorptivity", and "emissivity" are the same.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a device for measuring radiation cooling power according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic partial enlarged view of a position a of the device for measuring radiation cooling power illustrated in fig. 1. The device for measuring radiation refrigeration power of an embodiment of the present invention includes a container 10, an atmosphere inverse radiation simulation module 20, and an atmosphere window simulation module 30. The container 10 has a measurement chamber 11. The atmosphere reverse radiation simulation assembly 20 is arranged in the measurement chamber 11 and is used for simulating the reverse radiation of the atmosphere to the earth surface. An atmospheric window simulation assembly 30 is disposed within the measurement chamber 11 for simulating an atmospheric window. The atmosphere reverse radiation simulation assembly 20 and the atmosphere window simulation assembly 30 are used for covering a hemispherical space of the material to be tested 60, and the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation assembly 20 and the atmosphere window simulation assembly 30 jointly simulate radiation conditions of an atmosphere in all wave bands.
According to the radiation refrigeration power measuring device, the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation assembly 20 is arranged in the measuring cavity 11, and the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation assembly 20 can perform radiation heat exchange with the material 60 to be measured, so that the material 60 to be measured obtains certain net heat. By arranging the atmospheric window simulation assembly 30 in the measurement chamber 11, the material 60 to be measured can radiate energy mainly ranging from 8 micrometers to 13 micrometers to the atmospheric window simulation assembly 30, so that the effect of radiation heat exchange of the material 60 to be measured outside the outer space through the atmospheric window is simulated. The traditional measuring device adopts liquid nitrogen as a cold source to simulate the radiation heat exchange of outer space, so that the radiation refrigeration power of the material to be measured 60 is measured under the condition of no spectrum selectivity, and the reliability of the measuring result is lower. According to the scheme, the complete radiation of the atmosphere at all wave bands is simulated through the combined action of the atmosphere inverse radiation simulation component 20 and the atmosphere window simulation component 30, so that the comprehensive effect is closer to the actual atmosphere radiation condition, and the reliability of the measurement result is higher. In addition, the measuring device can measure the radiation refrigeration power of the material to be measured 60 indoors, and is flexible to use and high in repeatability.
It should be noted that the hemispherical space of the material 60 to be measured is a virtual space, which refers to a hemispherical space with the midpoint of the material 60 to be measured as the center of the sphere, and the size and shape of the hemispherical space have no influence on the measurement result of the radiation refrigeration power. Generally, the heat finally exchanged by the material to be measured 60 is close to the actual atmosphere by adjusting the sphericity ratio of the atmospheric inverse radiation simulation module 20 and the atmospheric window simulation module 30 in the hemispherical space.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 is disposed on two sides of the material to be measured 60, and the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 is disposed close to the material to be measured 60. The atmosphere window simulation layer 31 is disposed on the top of the material 60 to be measured and on both sides of the material 60 to be measured, and the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 and the atmosphere window simulation layer 31 cover the hemispherical space of the material 60 to be measured. The positions of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 and the atmosphere window simulation layer 31 are not limited to these.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the atmospheric window simulation package 30 includes an atmospheric window simulation layer 31 and a cooling component for reducing the temperature of the atmospheric window simulation layer 31. It should be noted that the atmospheric window simulation layer 31 is disposed toward the material to be measured 60; the atmospheric window simulation layer 31 has a good absorption rate for atmospheric window bands and a good reflectance for bands other than atmospheric windows. In the measuring process, the cooling part cools the atmospheric window simulation layer 31, so that the atmospheric window simulation layer 31 is kept at a constant low temperature, the material to be measured 60 can radiate energy mainly ranging from 8 micrometers to 13 micrometers to the atmospheric window simulation layer 31, and the effect of radiation heat exchange of the material to be measured 60 outside the outer space through the atmospheric window is simulated.
Further, the cooling component is used for cooling the atmospheric window simulation layer 31, so that the temperature of the atmospheric window simulation layer 31 is kept below-80 ℃, and thus the atmospheric window simulation component 30 is closer to the actual atmospheric window radiation heat exchange condition, and the measured radiation refrigeration power is closer to the power of the material to be measured 60 in the actual use state.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the cooling component includes a refrigerator 32 and a cooling pipe 33 connected to the refrigerator 32, and the cooling pipe 33 covers the outer surface of the atmospheric window simulation layer 31. It should be noted that the outer surface of the atmospheric window simulation layer 31 refers to the surface of the atmospheric window simulation layer 31 facing away from the material 60 to be measured. Alternatively, the cooling tube 33 may be a cooling coil. The refrigerator 32 provides cold energy for the cooling pipe 33, and the cooled cooling pipe 33 is used for reducing the temperature of the atmospheric window simulation layer 31, so that the material to be measured 60 can radiate energy mainly ranging from 8 micrometers to 13 micrometers to the atmospheric window simulation layer 31, and the effect of radiation heat exchange of the material to be measured 60 outside the space through the atmospheric window is simulated.
In one embodiment, the atmospheric window simulation layer 31 has an absorption rate of greater than 90% for light in the 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm and 8 μm to 13 μm bands and a reflectance of greater than 90% for light in the remaining bands. Like this, atmospheric window simulation layer 31 more is close actual atmospheric window, can simulate the material 60 that awaits measuring like this better and pass through the effect that atmospheric window carries out the radiant heat transfer to the outer space, makes the radiant refrigeration power of measurement more be close the power of the material 60 that awaits measuring under the actual use state to make measuring result reliability higher.
In one embodiment, the atmospheric window simulation layer 31 includes a first atmospheric window simulation layer (not shown) on an inner side and a second atmospheric window simulation layer (not shown) on an outer side. It should be noted that the first atmospheric window simulation layer and the second atmospheric window simulation layer are stacked; the first atmospheric window simulation layer located on the inner side means that the first atmospheric window simulation layer is arranged facing the material to be measured 60, and the second atmospheric window simulation layer located on the outer side means that the second atmospheric window simulation layer is arranged near the cooling pipe 33. The first atmospheric window simulation layer has a transmittance of more than 90% for light with a wave band of 0.3-2.5 μm and an absorptivity or radiance of more than 90% for light with a wave band of 8-13 μm. The absorptivity or radiance of the second atmospheric window simulation layer to the light with the wave band of 0.3-2.5 mu m is more than 90%, and the reflectivity to the light with the wave band of 2.5-25 mu m is more than 90%. Like this, atmospheric window simulation layer 31 more is close actual atmospheric window, can simulate the material 60 that awaits measuring like this better and pass through the effect that atmospheric window carries out the radiant heat transfer to the outer space, makes the radiant refrigeration power of measurement more be close the power of the material 60 that awaits measuring under the actual use state to make measuring result reliability higher.
Optionally, the first atmospheric window simulation layer is at least one of a lithium fluoride layer and a polyvinyl fluoride layer, and the second atmospheric window simulation layer is at least one of a stainless steel layer after nickel oxidation, a black sulfide-plated metal layer and a black chromium-plated metal layer.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation module 20 includes an atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 and a constant temperature component for keeping the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 at a constant temperature; the temperature of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 is higher than that of the material 60 to be measured. The atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 is disposed toward the material to be measured 60. In the measuring process, because the temperature of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 is higher than that of the material 60 to be measured, the material 60 to be measured can perform radiation heat exchange with the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21, so that the material 60 to be measured obtains certain net heat.
Further, the constant temperature means is used to maintain the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 at a constant temperature, which is in the range of 10 ℃ to 40 ℃. Alternatively, the constant temperature is in the range of 15 ℃ to 40 ℃. Thus, the material 60 to be measured can perform radiation heat exchange with the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21, so that the material 60 to be measured obtains a certain amount of net heat. Moreover, the temperature of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 is kept within the range through the constant temperature component, so that the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation component 20 is closer to actual atmosphere radiation, the effect of atmosphere radiation heat exchange of the material to be measured 60 can be better simulated, and the measured radiation refrigeration power is closer to the power of the material to be measured 60 in an actual use state.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the constant temperature component includes a thermostat 22 and a constant temperature tube 23 connected to the thermostat 22, and the constant temperature tube 23 covers the outer surface of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21. It should be noted that the outer surface of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 refers to a surface of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 away from the material 60 to be measured. Alternatively, the thermostatic tube 23 may be a coil. When the temperature of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 is lower than or higher than the preset constant temperature value, the thermostat 22 provides the constant temperature pipe 23 with heat energy or cold energy, so that the constant temperature pipe 23 is kept at a constant temperature. On one hand, the material 60 to be tested can perform radiation heat exchange with the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21, so that the material 60 to be tested obtains certain net heat; on the other hand, the effect of atmospheric radiation heat exchange of the material to be measured 60 can be truly simulated, so that the measured radiation refrigeration power is closer to the power of the material to be measured 60 in an actual use state, and the reliability of the measurement result is higher.
It should be noted that the thermostat 22 can adjust the temperature of the atmosphere inverse radiation simulation layer 21, so as to simulate the atmospheric radiation with an atmospheric window at different atmospheric environmental temperatures, so that the measuring device can measure the radiation refrigeration power of the material 60 to be measured in different areas.
In one embodiment, the emissivity of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 for light in a wavelength band of 0.3 μm to 25 μm is greater than 90%, and the absorptivity for light in a wavelength band of 0.3 μm to 25 μm is greater than 90%, so that the effect of atmospheric radiation heat exchange of the material 60 to be measured can be truly simulated, and the measured radiation refrigeration power is closer to the power of the material 60 to be measured in an actual use state.
Further, the atmosphere reverse radiation simulating layer 21 is a black material layer. Optionally, the black material layer is a carbon black layer, a common black paint coating, or the like. The black material layer has higher emissivity and absorptivity to light of each wave band, so that the atmospheric reverse radiation simulation component 20 is closer to actual atmospheric radiation, the atmospheric radiation heat exchange effect of the material to be measured 60 can be better simulated, and the measured radiation refrigeration power is closer to the power of the material to be measured 60 in an actual use state.
In one embodiment, the device for measuring the radiation refrigerating power further comprises a thermal insulation component with negligible thickness, which is arranged between the atmosphere inverse radiation simulation layer 21 and the atmosphere window simulation layer 31. Optionally, the heat insulating member is a heat insulating sheet. By providing the heat insulating member between the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 and the atmosphere window simulation layer 31, the heat insulating member can block heat exchange between the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer 21 and the atmosphere window simulation layer 31, thereby simulating the radiation condition of the atmosphere more favorably.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the peripheral wall of the container 10 has a vacuum chamber 12. Optionally, the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber 12 is less than 10-1Pa. The peripheral wall of the container 10 refers to the side wall, the top, and the bottom of the container 10; the peripheral wall of the container 10 is a hollow sandwich structure, and a vacuum environment is arranged in the sandwich structure. Because the peripheral wall of the container 10 is provided with the vacuum cavity 12, the container 10 can prevent the measurement chamber 11 from carrying out heat convection and heat conduction with media and objects outside the container 10, and the measured radiation refrigeration power is closer to the power of the material 60 to be measured in the actual use state.
Further, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the measuring apparatus for radiation refrigeration power further includes a vacuum pump 13 and an exhaust tube, one end of the exhaust tube is connected to the vacuum pump 13, and the other end of the exhaust tube is communicated with the measuring chamber 11. The vacuum pump 13 is started, the vacuum pump 13 can exhaust the air in the measurement chamber 11, so that the measurement chamber 11 is in a vacuum state, thus the material 60 to be measured can be prevented from carrying out heat convection and heat conduction with the medium and other objects in the measurement chamber 11, and the measured radiation refrigeration power is closer to the power of the material 60 to be measured in an actual use state.
In one embodiment, the inner surface of the container 10 is provided with a layer of black material. Optionally, the black material layer is a black coating. By arranging the black material layer on the inner surface of the container 10, the black material layer can absorb radiation heat, so that radiation energy in the measurement chamber 11 is prevented from being reflected back and forth to the surface of the material 60 to be measured, and the measured radiation refrigeration power is closer to the power of the material 60 to be measured in an actual use state.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the apparatus for measuring radiation cooling power further includes a solar simulator 70, and light emitted from the solar simulator 70 can be irradiated on the surface of the material 60 to be measured. It should be noted that the light spot provided by the solar simulator 70 completely covers the surface of the material 60 to be measured, and the irradiation power of the solar simulator 70 is adjustable, so that the radiation power falling on the surface of the material 60 to be measured can be 0-1 kW/m2. By arranging the solar simulator 70, the solar simulator 70 can simulate solar radiation, so that the radiation refrigeration power and the cooling capacity of the material to be measured 60 in the daytime can be measured indoors. Moreover, by adjusting the irradiation intensity of the sunlight simulator 70, the radiation refrigeration power and the cooling capacity of the material 60 to be measured under any irradiation condition can be simulated, and the use is more flexible.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, a solar simulator 70 is provided outside the measurement chamber 11 to simulate near-real solar radiation conditions. Since the solar simulator 70 generates more heat during the operation, the solar simulator 70 is disposed outside the measurement chamber 11, so that the thermal radiation between the solar simulator 70 and the material 60 to be measured can be reduced, and the measured radiation cooling power is closer to the power of the material 60 to be measured in the actual use state.
Further, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the container 10 and the atmospheric window simulation module 30 are provided with a transmission window 14 so that light emitted from the solar simulator 70 can be projected onto the surface of the material to be measured 60 through the transmission window 14 to simulate a near-real solar radiation condition. In the embodiment, the transmission window 14 faces the surface of the material 60; the transparent window 14 is provided with a transparent plate capable of transmitting sunlight of all wavelength bands, that is, the transparent plate is capable of transmitting sunlight of 300nm to 2500nm wavelength bands, and the transparent plate is embedded in the transparent window 14 and has sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the pressure of atmospheric pressure.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the device for measuring radiant cooling power further comprises a measuring assembly 40. The measuring assembly 40 further includes a heating member 41 and a temperature collecting member 42, the heating member 41 is used for heating the material 60 to be measured, and the temperature collecting member 42 is used for measuring the temperature of the material 60 to be measured. Alternatively, the heating member 41 is a heating sheet. It can be understood that the temperature acquisition element 42 is provided with a preset temperature value, and when the temperature of the material 60 to be measured is lower than the preset temperature value, the heating element 41 heats the material 60 to be measured, so that the temperature of the material 60 to be measured is always constant at the preset temperature. In the measurement process, the material 60 to be measured radiates energy with the main size of 8 μm to 13 μm to the atmospheric window simulation layer 31, and when the radiation refrigeration power of the material 60 to be measured is greater than the radiation power of the surrounding environment, the temperature of the surface of the material 60 to be measured is lower than the temperature of the surrounding environment, so that net heat output is generated. When the temperature of the material 60 to be measured is lower than the preset temperature value, the heating element 41 heats the material 60 to be measured, so that the temperature of the material 60 to be measured is always constant at the preset temperature. The measuring device of this embodiment compensates the heat output of the material 60 to be measured by the heating power of the heating element 41, so that the temperature of the material 60 to be measured is always constant at the preset temperature, and the radiation refrigeration power of the material 60 to be measured is equal to the heating power of the heating element 41. Compared with the traditional radiation refrigeration power measuring device, the embodiment does not need to use liquid nitrogen and has no potential safety hazard; the radiation refrigeration power of the material to be measured 60 can be directly obtained through the heating power of the heating element 41, so that a complex conversion process is not needed, the measurement result is directly read, and the operation is quick and convenient.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the measuring assembly 40 further includes a metal plate 43 for placing the material 60 to be measured, and a surface of the metal plate 43 facing away from the material 60 to be measured is in contact with the heating member 41. It should be noted that the metal plate 43 should have high thermal conductivity, such as copper plate, aluminum plate, etc., so as to rapidly transfer the heat of the heating element 41 to the material 60 to be measured; moreover, the thickness of the metal plate 43 should be moderate so that the metal plate 43 can fix the shape of the material 60 to be measured. Because part of the material 60 to be measured is soft, the material 60 to be measured is fixed on the surface of the metal plate 43 by means of pasting or the like, so that the material 60 to be measured and the heating member 41 have good thermal contact. Further, after the measurement is completed, the metal plate 43 is removed from the surface of the heating member 41, so that the replacement of the material 60 to be measured can be performed.
It should be noted that the heating member 41, the metal plate 43 and the material 60 to be measured have the same shape and the same area size, so that the heating power of the heating member 41 can effectively compensate the output heat of the material 60 to be measured, and the measurement result is more accurate.
Further, a heat conductive adhesive is coated between the heating member 41 and the metal plate 43. It is understood that the thermal conductive paste is coated on the surface of the heating member 41, or the thermal conductive paste is coated on the surface of the metal plate 43, or the thermal conductive paste is coated on the surfaces of the heating member 41 and the metal plate 43. By coating the thermal conductive adhesive, the thermal conductive adhesive can reduce the thermal contact resistance between the heating member 41 and the metal plate 43, so that the heat of the heating member 41 can be quickly transferred to the material 60 to be measured.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the device for measuring radiation cooling power further includes an insulating layer 44, and the insulating layer 44 covers the outer surface of the measuring assembly 40. It should be noted that the insulating layer 44 covers the periphery and the bottom of the overall structure composed of the heating element 41, the metal plate 43 and the material 60 to be measured. Through setting up heat preservation 44, heat dissipation that heat preservation 44 can avoid heating member 41, metal sheet 43 and material 60 that awaits measuring gives off makes the measuring result more accurate.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the apparatus for measuring radiation cooling power further includes a first bracket 80 and a second bracket 81. The first support 80 is used for supporting the atmosphere reverse radiation simulating assembly 20, the second support 81 is used for supporting the measuring assembly 40, and the atmosphere reverse radiation simulating assembly 20 and the measuring assembly 40 can be adjusted to proper heights for measurement through the first support 80 and the second support 81 respectively. Of course, in other embodiments, the first support 80 and the second support 81 can be omitted, and the measuring device 40 can be placed at the bottom of the container 10 to ensure that the atmosphere reverse radiation simulating device 20 and the atmosphere window simulating device 30 cover the hemispherical space of the material 60 to be measured.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the device for measuring radiation refrigeration power further includes a programmable power supply 50, a data acquisition element 51 and a computer 52, wherein the programmable power supply 50 is electrically connected to the heating element 41 and the computer 52, respectively, and the data acquisition element 51 is in communication connection with the temperature acquisition element 42 and the computer 52, respectively. During the radiation cooling power measurement, the temperature collecting element 42 collects the temperature of the bottom of the metal plate 43 and transmits the temperature signal to the data collecting element 51 and further to the computer 52. When the temperature is lower than the preset temperature value, the output voltage of the programmable power supply 50 is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the output power of the heating sheet, so that the temperature of the metal plate 43 is always constant at the preset temperature.
The measuring process of the radiation refrigeration power specifically comprises the following steps:
the temperature collecting element 42 collects the temperature of the bottom of the metal plate 43, and controls the output power of the heating member 41 by adjusting the output voltage of the programmable power supply 50, so that the temperature of the metal plate 43 is always constant at a preset temperature. The measuring device of the embodiment compensates the heat output of the material 60 to be measured by the heating power of the heating element 41, so that the material 60 to be measured is kept at a constant temperature, and the radiation refrigeration power of the material 60 to be measured is equal to the heating power of the heating element 41.
If the solar simulator 70 is not used to simulate the solar radiation, the heating power of the heating element 41 (i.e. the radiation refrigeration power of the material 60 to be measured) is P according to the law of energy conservationheater=Prad-Patm. Wherein P isheaterIndicates the heating power, P, of the heating member 41radRepresenting the total energy, P, emitted by radiation from the material 60 to be measuredatmRepresenting the energy of atmospheric radiation absorbed by the material 60 to be measured.
With reference to fig. 1 and 3, fig. 3 shows a one-dimensional steady-state model of the radiation cooling power measuring apparatus of the present invention. If the solar simulator 70 simulates the irradiation of sunlight, it will be based on the energyThe conservation law is that the heating power of the heating element 41 (i.e. the radiation refrigeration power of the material 60 to be measured) is Pheater=Prad-Patm-Psolar. Wherein, PsolarThis indicates that the material to be measured 60 absorbs the energy of sunlight when irradiated with the sunlight.
It should be noted that the measuring device of this embodiment may be used to measure not only the radiation refrigeration power of the material 60 to be measured, but also the cooling performance of the material 60 to be measured. When the temperature reduction performance of the material to be measured 60 is tested, the program-controlled power supply 50 is turned off, and when the temperature of the material to be measured 60 is reduced to a constant temperature, the temperature measured by the temperature acquisition element 42 is the lowest temperature that the material to be measured 60 can be reduced.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the system for measuring radiation refrigeration power according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a material 60 to be measured and the device for measuring radiation refrigeration power according to any of the embodiments, where the material 60 to be measured faces the atmosphere inverse radiation simulation module 20 and the atmosphere window simulation module 30.
According to the radiation refrigeration power measurement system, the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation assembly 20 is arranged in the measurement cavity 11, and the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation assembly 20 can perform radiation heat exchange with the material 60 to be measured, so that the material 60 to be measured obtains certain net heat. By arranging the atmospheric window simulation assembly 30 in the measurement chamber 11, the material 60 to be measured can radiate energy mainly ranging from 8 micrometers to 13 micrometers to the atmospheric window simulation assembly 30, so that the effect of radiation heat exchange of the material 60 to be measured outside the outer space through the atmospheric window is simulated. The traditional measuring device adopts liquid nitrogen as a cold source to simulate the radiation heat exchange of outer space, so that the radiation refrigeration power of the material to be measured 60 is measured under the condition of no spectrum selectivity, and the reliability of the measuring result is lower. According to the scheme, the complete radiation of the atmosphere at all wave bands is simulated through the combined action of the atmosphere inverse radiation simulation component 20 and the atmosphere window simulation component 30, so that the comprehensive effect is closer to the actual atmosphere radiation condition, and the reliability of the measurement result is higher. In addition, the measuring device can measure the radiation refrigeration power of the material to be measured 60 indoors, and is flexible to use and high in repeatability.
It should be noted that the material 60 to be measured may be a radiation refrigeration material, or may be other materials, and is not limited herein.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. A radiation cooling power measuring apparatus, characterized in that the radiation cooling power measuring apparatus comprises:
a container having a measurement chamber;
the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation assembly is arranged in the measurement chamber and used for simulating the reverse radiation of the atmosphere to the earth;
the atmosphere window simulation assembly is arranged in the measurement cavity and used for simulating an atmosphere window;
the atmosphere window simulation assembly and the atmosphere inverse radiation simulation assembly are used for covering a hemispherical space of a material to be tested, and simulate the radiation conditions of the atmosphere in all wave bands together.
2. The device for measuring radiation refrigeration power as claimed in claim 1, wherein the atmospheric window simulation assembly comprises an atmospheric window simulation layer, a refrigerator and a cooling pipe connected with the refrigerator, and the cooling pipe covers the outer surface of the atmospheric window simulation layer.
3. A radiation cooling power measuring device as claimed in claim 2, wherein said atmospheric window analog layer has an absorptivity of more than 90% to light in 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm and 8 μm to 13 μm bands and a reflectivity of more than 90% to light in the remaining bands.
4. The device for measuring radiation refrigerating power as recited in claim 2, wherein said atmospheric window simulation layer comprises a first atmospheric window simulation layer located at an inner side and a second atmospheric window simulation layer located at an outer side, said first atmospheric window simulation layer has a transmittance of more than 90% for light in a 0.3 μm-2.5 μm band and an absorption or radiation rate of more than 90% for light in a 8 μm-13 μm band; the absorptivity or radiance of the second atmospheric window simulation layer to the light with the wave band of 0.3-2.5 mu m is larger than 90%, and the reflectivity to the light with the wave band of 2.5-25 mu m is larger than 90%.
5. The device for measuring radiation refrigerating power as recited in claim 4, wherein the first atmospheric window simulation layer is at least one of a lithium fluoride layer and a polyvinyl fluoride layer; the second atmospheric window simulation layer is at least one of a stainless steel layer after nickel oxidation, a black sulfide plated metal layer and a black chromium plated metal layer.
6. The device for measuring the radiation refrigerating power as claimed in claim 1, wherein the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation component comprises an atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer, a thermostat and a thermostatic tube connected with the thermostat, and the thermostatic tube covers the outer surface of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer; the temperature of the atmosphere reverse radiation simulation layer is greater than that of the material to be detected.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the emissivity of the atmospheric reverse radiation simulation layer for light in the 0.3-25 μm wavelength band is greater than 90%, and the absorptivity of the atmospheric reverse radiation simulation layer for light in the 0.3-25 μm wavelength band is greater than 90%.
8. The apparatus for measuring radiant cooling power as claimed in claim 6, wherein the atmospheric reverse radiation simulation layer is a black material layer.
9. A radiation cooling power measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a peripheral wall of said container has a vacuum chamber.
10. The apparatus for measuring radiation cooling power as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a solar simulator, wherein the solar simulator emits light capable of irradiating on the surface of the material to be measured.
11. A radiation cooling power measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by further comprising a measuring assembly including a temperature acquisition element for measuring the temperature of the material to be measured and a heating element for heating the material to be measured.
12. A radiation cooling power measuring device according to claim 11, wherein said measuring unit further includes a metal plate for placing said material to be measured, and a surface of said metal plate facing away from said material to be measured is in contact with said heating member.
13. The radiant cooling power measuring device as claimed in claim 12, further comprising a programmable power supply, a data acquisition element and a computer, wherein the programmable power supply is electrically connected to the heating element and the computer respectively, and the data acquisition element is in communication connection with the temperature acquisition element and the computer respectively.
14. A radiation cooling power measuring system, comprising a material to be measured and the radiation cooling power measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the material to be measured is disposed toward the atmospheric reverse radiation simulation module and the atmospheric window simulation module.
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