CN111487180A - Experimental device and experimental method for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock - Google Patents

Experimental device and experimental method for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock Download PDF

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CN111487180A
CN111487180A CN202010240694.1A CN202010240694A CN111487180A CN 111487180 A CN111487180 A CN 111487180A CN 202010240694 A CN202010240694 A CN 202010240694A CN 111487180 A CN111487180 A CN 111487180A
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weathering
carbon dioxide
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茅昌平
杨张阳
宋政锦
栗天宁
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Hohai University HHU
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N17/00Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light

Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock, wherein the experimental device comprises a refrigerator, a weathering mechanism and a variable control mechanism, wherein the weathering mechanism is arranged in the refrigerator; the weathering mechanism comprises an experimental cavity, a heating shell arranged outside the experimental cavity and a heat-insulating cover covering the top of the experimental cavity and the top of the heating shell, and the bottom of the experimental cavity is connected with a liquid outlet pipe; the variable control mechanism comprises an oxygen supply device, a carbon dioxide supply device, an acid atomization spraying device, a lighting device and a variable detection device, wherein the oxygen supply device, the carbon dioxide supply device and the acid atomization spraying device are communicated with the experiment cavity, and the lighting device and the variable detection device are installed in the experiment cavity. The invention comprehensively considers the actions of physical weathering and chemical weathering, can realize the accurate control of each weathering influence factor through simple operation, and is beneficial to the high-efficiency research of rock weathering products and weathering rate.

Description

Experimental device and experimental method for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock weathering, and particularly relates to an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating natural weathering of silicate rocks.
Background
Weathering refers to the mechanical disintegration and chemical change of rock at or near the surface of the earth due to temperature changes, water and aqueous solutions, atmospheric and biological effects, and the like. The weathering mainly includes physical weathering, chemical weathering and biological weathering. The rate of weathering is primarily dependent on the natural geographical conditions and the mineral properties of the constituent rocks, the primary influencing factors being climatic and topographical conditions (which indirectly influence weathering by influencing climatic conditions). The natural weathering products of the primary silicate minerals are studied in detail by many geologists, the conclusion is different, and the main problem is that the correspondence between the weathering products and the weathering process and control factors is not clear, so that the deep rock weathering simulation experiment research is necessary.
The simulation experiment for rock weathering at home and abroad comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of field experiments such as basin simulation, field simulation and the like, and indoor experiments such as leaching experiments and the like, wherein the leaching experiments mainly adopt weathering effect simulation experiments under the chemical conditions of water, carbon dioxide and weak acid (such as acetic acid, humic acid and the like). The conditions for setting control variables in the simulation experiments are not sufficient, and the simulation experiments have certain defects and cannot comprehensively consider all factors of the weathering effect; the control variable is single, the control is usually only simple on water chemistry and the like, and the influence of temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, plant humic acid and the like on rock weathering is ignored; the method of controlling the variables is not accurate enough and the switchable manner is monotonous; the results are not convenient enough and no definite process state and conclusion are given.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating natural weathering of silicate rocks, which comprehensively consider the actions of physical weathering and chemical weathering, can realize accurate control of each weathering influence factor through simple operation, and are beneficial to efficient research of rock weathering products and weathering rate.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
an experimental device for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock comprises a refrigerator, a weathering mechanism and a variable control mechanism, wherein the weathering mechanism is arranged in the refrigerator;
the weathering mechanism comprises an experimental cavity, a heating shell arranged outside the experimental cavity and a heat-insulating cover covering the top of the experimental cavity and the top of the heating shell, and the bottom of the experimental cavity is connected with a liquid outlet pipe;
the variable control mechanism comprises an oxygen supply device, a carbon dioxide supply device, an acid atomization spraying device, a lighting device and a variable detection device, wherein the oxygen supply device, the carbon dioxide supply device and the acid atomization spraying device are communicated with the experiment cavity, and the lighting device and the variable detection device are installed in the experiment cavity.
Preferably, quartz sand, gauze and silicate rock have been laid in proper order from bottom to top in the experiment chamber, the filter screen has been laid to the experiment chamber bottom, be equipped with out the liquid valve on the drain pipe.
Preferably, heat conduction oil and a resistance wire for heating the heat conduction oil are arranged in the heating shell.
Preferably, the oxygen supply device comprises an oxygen tank and an oxygen gas pipe connected with the oxygen tank, the carbon dioxide supply device comprises a carbon dioxide gas tank and a carbon dioxide gas pipe connected with the carbon dioxide gas tank, the acid atomization spraying device comprises an ultrapure water solution tank, an acid solution tank and a spraying atomization assembly connected with the ultrapure water solution pipe and the acid solution tank, the spraying atomization assembly is installed on the heat preservation cover, and the end parts of the oxygen gas pipe and the carbon dioxide gas pipe penetrate through the heat preservation cover.
Preferably, spray atomizing subassembly and include liquid pipe, atomizing pipe and the shower that links to each other with the three-way valve, the liquid pipe with ultrapure water solution jar and acid solution jar link to each other, a plurality of atomizers are connected to the atomizing pipe, a plurality of spray branch pipes are connected to the shower, be equipped with the hole that sprays on the spray branch pipe.
Preferably, the oxygen gas pipe and the carbon dioxide gas pipe are respectively provided with a barometer, and the outlet ends of the oxygen tank, the carbon dioxide gas tank, the ultrapure water solution tank and the acid solution tank are respectively provided with a valve and a flowmeter.
Preferably, the lighting device comprises a lighting lamp tube arranged on the heat-insulating cover; the variable detection device comprises a carbon dioxide concentration detector and a temperature detector which are arranged on the inner wall of the experiment cavity.
Preferably, the device also comprises a detection display and a socket, the carbon dioxide concentration detector and the temperature detector are connected with the detection display through sensor lines, and the detection display, the lighting device and the heating shell are connected with the socket through leads.
Preferably, the refrigerator outer wall is provided with a refrigerator indicator, and the upper part of the refrigerator is provided with a line outlet.
An experimental method for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock comprises the following steps:
laying a silicate rock sample into an experimental cavity, installing an oxygen supply device, a carbon dioxide supply device and an acid atomization spraying device to enable the silicate rock sample to be communicated with the experimental cavity, installing a lighting device and a variable detection device in the experimental cavity, covering a heat-insulating cover on the top of the experimental cavity and the top of a heating shell, and finally installing the heating shell in a refrigerator to complete device allocation;
controlling the concentration ratio of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the experimental cavity through a carbon dioxide supply device and an oxygen supply device, controlling the contents of water and acid through an acid atomization spraying device, controlling the illumination intensity and illumination time through an illuminating device, controlling the temperature through a refrigerator and a heating shell, selecting a variable according to the experimental requirement, reacting for a period of time, and collecting an experimental water sample from a liquid outlet pipe;
and analyzing the weathering products and weathering rate through the experimental water sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the concentration ratio of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the experimental cavity can be controlled through the carbon dioxide supply device and the oxygen supply device, the water and acid contents in the silicate rock are controlled through the acid atomization spraying device, the illumination intensity and illumination time are controlled through the illumination device, and the temperature is controlled through the refrigerator and the heating shell, so that the effects of physical weathering and chemical weathering are comprehensively considered during weathering simulation experiments, and each weathering influence factor can be accurately controlled through simple operation, so that a large number of experimental researches are carried out, and the weathering products and the weathering rate of the rock are effectively researched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a weathering mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a spray atomizing assembly;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the weathering mechanism;
labeled as: 1. a laboratory cavity; 2. a sensor circuit; 3. an oxygen pipe; 4. an atomizer; 5. a liquid pipe; 6. a pressure balancer; 7. a carbon dioxide gas pipe; 8. an illuminating lamp tube; 9. spraying branch pipes; 10. a carbon dioxide concentration detector; 11. a temperature detector; 12. an oil valve; 13. silicate rock; 14. quartz sand; 15. a resistance wire; 16. a liquid outlet pipe; 17. gauze; 18. heat conducting oil; 19. heating the housing; 20. a heat preservation cover; 21. air pressure clips; 22. spraying holes; 23. an atomizing tube; 24. a liquid outlet valve; 25. a shower pipe; 26. a three-way valve; 101. an oxygen tank; 102. a carbon dioxide tank; 103. an ultrapure water solution tank; 104. an acid solution tank; 105. a barometer; 106. a flow meter; 107. an oxygen tank valve; 108. a carbon dioxide gas tank valve; 109. detecting a display; 110. an ultrapure aqueous solution valve; 111. an acid solution valve; 112. a line outlet; 113. a weathering mechanism; 114. a socket; 115. a refrigerator indicator; 116. a refrigerator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention but do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in FIGS. 1-4, an experimental device for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock comprises a refrigerator 116, a weathering mechanism 113 and a variable control mechanism, wherein the weathering mechanism 113 is installed in the refrigerator 116.
The outer wall of the refrigerator 116 is provided with a refrigerator indicator 115 for controlling and observing the temperature of the refrigerator 116; the upper part of the refrigerator 116 is provided with a line outlet 112 for inserting various pipelines; the bottom layer in the refrigerator 116 is arranged in a drawing mode, so that the weathering mechanism 113 can be conveniently installed and moved in and out; the temperature control range of the refrigerator 116 is-30 ℃ to 4 ℃.
The weathering mechanism 113 comprises a U-shaped experimental cavity 1, a heating shell 19 arranged outside the experimental cavity 1 and a heat-insulating cover 20 covering the tops of the experimental cavity 1 and the heating shell 19; the heat preservation cover 20 is provided with an air pressure clamp 21 and a handle, so that the heat preservation cover 20 can be opened, closed, taken and placed conveniently; the inner wall of the experimental cavity 1 is made of anticorrosive Teflon, the bottom of the experimental cavity 1 is connected with a liquid outlet pipe 16, the liquid outlet pipe 16 is provided with a liquid outlet valve 24, silicate rocks 13 and quartz sand 14 positioned below the silicate rocks 13 are paved in the experimental cavity 1, the silicate rocks 13 and the quartz sand 14 are separated by gauze 17, and the bottom of the experimental cavity 1 is paved with a filter screen which can prevent sand from blocking the liquid outlet pipe 16; the heating shell 19 is internally provided with heat conduction oil 18 and a resistance wire 15 for heating the heat conduction oil 18, the heating shell 19 is also provided with an oil valve 12 for supplementing the heat conduction oil 18, and the temperature of the heat conduction oil 18 can be raised to 70 ℃ after being heated.
The variable control mechanism comprises an oxygen supply device, a carbon dioxide supply device, an acid atomization spraying device, an illuminating device and a variable detection device which are communicated with the experiment cavity 1, and the illuminating device and the variable detection device are installed in the experiment cavity 1. The lighting device comprises a lighting lamp tube 8 arranged on the heat preservation cover 20; the variable detecting means includes a carbon dioxide concentration detector 10 and a temperature detector 11 mounted on the inner wall of the experimental chamber 1.
The oxygen supply device comprises an oxygen tank 101 and an oxygen gas pipe 3 connected with the oxygen tank 101, the carbon dioxide supply device comprises a carbon dioxide gas tank 102 and a carbon dioxide gas pipe 7 connected with the carbon dioxide gas tank 102, the acid atomization spraying device comprises an ultrapure water solution tank 103, an acid solution tank 104 and a spraying atomization assembly connected with the ultrapure water solution tank 103 and the acid solution tank 104, the spraying atomization assembly is installed on the heat-insulating cover 20, and the end parts of the oxygen gas pipe 3 and the carbon dioxide gas pipe 7 penetrate through the heat-insulating cover 20 for installation.
Spray atomizing subassembly and include the liquid pipe 5 that links to each other with three-way valve 26, atomizing pipe 23 and shower 25, liquid pipe 5 links to each other with ultrapure water solution tank 103 and acid solution jar 104, contain ultrapure water and plant humic acid (like humic acid, hydrochloric acid solution) respectively in ultrapure water solution tank 103 and the acid solution jar 104, a plurality of atomizers 4 are connected to atomizing pipe 23, shower 25 connects a plurality of spray branch pipes 9, be equipped with on the spray branch pipe 9 and spray hole 22, can control water and plant humic acid through control three-way valve 26 and put into experimental cavity 1 with spray mode or atomizing mode.
The oxygen gas pipe 3 and the carbon dioxide gas pipe 7 are both provided with barometers 105, and the heat preservation cover 20 is also provided with a pressure balancer 6 which are combined to control the pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide; the outlet ends of the oxygen tank 101, the carbon dioxide gas tank 102, the ultrapure water solution tank 103 and the acid solution tank 104 are respectively provided with an oxygen tank valve 107, a carbon dioxide gas tank valve 108, an ultrapure water solution valve 110 and an acid solution valve 111, and the outlet ends of the oxygen tank 101, the carbon dioxide gas tank 102, the ultrapure water solution tank 103 and the acid solution tank 104 are respectively provided with a flowmeter 106, so that the flow rates of oxygen, carbon dioxide, ultrapure water and the acid solution can be conveniently controlled.
The experimental device for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock provided by the embodiment further comprises a detection display 109 and a socket 114, the carbon dioxide concentration detector 10 and the temperature detector 11 are connected with the detection display 109 through the sensor line 2, and the detection display 109, the lighting device and the heating shell 19 are connected with the socket 114 through wires, so that electric energy can be provided conveniently.
Example 2
An experimental method for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials
In this embodiment, the ultrapure water tank 103 and the acid solution tank 104 contain ultrapure water and hydrochloric acid, respectively.
The silicate rock used in the embodiment is albite, fresh and undegraded albite is adopted, the albite is slightly air-dried until the moisture is basically consistent, the rock with uniform particle size is selected, the weight is 102 +/-0.1 g, the chemical components are measured, and the components of the selected albite are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical composition of albite
Figure BDA0002432450100000071
Figure BDA0002432450100000081
S2, equipment
Quartz sand 14, gauze 17 and albite rock sample (silicate rock 13) are laid in sequence at the bottom of the experimental cavity 1. The heat preservation is covered and is fixed oxygen trachea 3, carbon dioxide trachea 7 and spray atomization component, installs lighting device and variable detection device (carbon dioxide concentration detector 10 and thermodetector 11) in laboratory cave 1, then covers heat preservation lid 20 and fits laboratory cave 1 and heating shell 19 top.
The oxygen gas pipe 3 is connected with an oxygen tank 101, the carbon dioxide gas pipe 7 is connected with a carbon dioxide gas tank 102, a liquid pipe 5 of the spraying atomization assembly is connected with an ultrapure water solution tank 103 and an acid solution tank 104, a carbon dioxide concentration detector 10 and a temperature detector 11 are connected with a detection display 109 through a sensor line 2, the detection display 109, an illuminating device and a heating shell 19 are connected with a socket 114 through conducting wires, and the heating shell 19 is installed in a refrigerator 116 after the completion. The line pipes are led out of the line outlet 112 of the refrigerator 116 and are fixed in position by turns, and the device is completed.
S3, variable control
The socket 114 is powered on, the temperature in the experiment cavity 1 is 10 ℃ by adjusting the refrigerator 116 and the heating shell 19, and the temperature in the experiment cavity 1 is subject to the temperature displayed by the temperature detector 11.
The oxygen concentration input into the experiment cavity 1 is controlled by controlling the oxygen tank valve 107, the carbon dioxide gas concentration input into the experiment cavity 1 is controlled by controlling the carbon dioxide tank valve 108, the carbon dioxide concentration detector 10 detects the carbon dioxide concentration, the carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration content is a change value, and the change interval is about 500: 1. The lighting device is powered on all the time for illumination.
Opening an ultrapure water solution valve 110, closing an acid solution valve 111, enabling ultrapure water to enter a spraying atomization assembly, enabling the ultrapure water to enter a spraying pipe 25 and a spraying branch pipe 9 by adjusting a three-way valve 26, putting the ultrapure water into the experimental cavity 1 in a spraying mode, and recording the flow through a flowmeter; close ultrapure water solution valve 110, open acid solution valve 111, hydrochloric acid gets into and sprays atomizing subassembly, makes hydrochloric acid get into atomizing pipe 23 through adjusting three-way valve 26, drops into experiment chamber 1 with the atomizing mode in, through flowmeter record flow, adjusts solution pH in the experiment chamber 1 and equals 5.
The experiments are carried out in time sequence, and the outlet valve 24 is opened to sample from the outlet pipe 16 during sampling.
S4 weathering result analysis
The samples were analyzed with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The weathering rate of this example was calculated according to the following method. The rock mineral weathering rate was obtained by measuring the concentration of component i at various times during the experiment using the following formulas (1) (2).
The variation in the concentration of the weathering-causing mineral products in the device can be described by the following mass balance:
Figure BDA0002432450100000101
wherein Ci is the concentration of the i component in the reactor (mol/L), t is the time(s), ki,disIs the stoichiometric coefficient of i in the dissolution reaction, AdisIs the surface area (m)2) V is the volume of the test chamber (L); VdisIs the weathering rate (mol/(m)2S)). Rearrangement formula (1) gives:
Figure BDA0002432450100000102
in the calculation, i selects Na as a reaction value and has a surface area AdisIs 3.3 +/-0.03 m2g-1The volume V of the experimental cavity is 0.759 +/-0.009 m3g-1,ki,disIs 2. The reaction conditions and experimental results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 reaction times and results of the experiments
Figure BDA0002432450100000103
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An experimental device for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock is characterized by comprising a refrigerator, a weathering mechanism and a variable control mechanism, wherein the weathering mechanism is arranged in the refrigerator;
the weathering mechanism comprises an experimental cavity, a heating shell arranged outside the experimental cavity and a heat-insulating cover covering the top of the experimental cavity and the top of the heating shell, and the bottom of the experimental cavity is connected with a liquid outlet pipe;
the variable control mechanism comprises an oxygen supply device, a carbon dioxide supply device, an acid atomization spraying device, a lighting device and a variable detection device, wherein the oxygen supply device, the carbon dioxide supply device and the acid atomization spraying device are communicated with the experiment cavity, and the lighting device and the variable detection device are installed in the experiment cavity.
2. The experimental device for simulating the natural weathering of the silicate rocks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the experimental cavity is sequentially paved with quartz sand, gauze and silicate rocks from bottom to top, a filter screen is paved at the bottom of the experimental cavity, and a liquid outlet valve is arranged on the liquid outlet pipe.
3. The experimental device for simulating natural weathering of silicate rocks according to claim 1, wherein heat conducting oil and a resistance wire for heating the heat conducting oil are arranged in the heating shell.
4. The experimental device for simulating the natural weathering of the silicate rocks according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen supply device comprises an oxygen tank and an oxygen gas pipe connected with the oxygen tank, the carbon dioxide supply device comprises a carbon dioxide gas tank and a carbon dioxide gas pipe connected with the carbon dioxide gas tank, the acid atomization spraying device comprises an ultrapure water solution tank, an acid solution tank and a spraying atomization assembly connected with the ultrapure water solution pipe and the acid solution tank, the spraying atomization assembly is mounted on the heat-insulating cover, and the ends of the oxygen gas pipe and the carbon dioxide gas pipe penetrate through the heat-insulating cover.
5. The experimental device for simulating natural weathering of silicate rocks according to claim 4, wherein the spraying and atomizing assembly comprises a liquid pipe, an atomizing pipe and a spraying pipe which are connected through a three-way valve, the liquid pipe is connected with the ultrapure water solution tank and the acid solution tank, the atomizing pipe is connected with a plurality of atomizers, the spraying pipe is connected with a plurality of spraying branch pipes, and spraying holes are formed in the spraying branch pipes.
6. The experimental device for simulating the natural weathering of the silicate rocks according to claim 4, wherein the oxygen gas pipe and the carbon dioxide gas pipe are respectively provided with a gas pressure gauge, and the outlet ends of the oxygen tank, the carbon dioxide gas tank, the ultrapure water solution tank and the acid solution tank are respectively provided with a valve and a flow meter.
7. The experimental device for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock according to claim 1, wherein the lighting device comprises a lighting lamp tube mounted on the heat-insulating cover; the variable detection device comprises a carbon dioxide concentration detector and a temperature detector which are arranged on the inner wall of the experiment cavity.
8. The experimental device for simulating natural weathering of silicate rocks according to claim 7, further comprising a detection display and a socket, wherein the carbon dioxide concentration detector and the temperature detector are connected with the detection display through sensor lines, and the detection display, the lighting device and the heating shell are connected with the socket through wires.
9. The experimental device for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the refrigerator is provided with a refrigerator indicator, and the upper part of the refrigerator is provided with a line outlet.
10. An experimental method for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock is characterized by comprising the following steps:
laying a silicate rock sample into an experimental cavity, installing an oxygen supply device, a carbon dioxide supply device and an acid atomization spraying device to enable the silicate rock sample to be communicated with the experimental cavity, installing a lighting device and a variable detection device in the experimental cavity, covering a heat-insulating cover on the top of the experimental cavity and the top of a heating shell, and finally installing the heating shell in a refrigerator to complete device allocation;
controlling the concentration ratio of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the experimental cavity through a carbon dioxide supply device and an oxygen supply device, controlling the contents of water and acid through an acid atomization spraying device, controlling the illumination intensity and illumination time through an illuminating device, controlling the temperature through a refrigerator and a heating shell, selecting a variable according to the experimental requirement, reacting for a period of time, and collecting an experimental water sample from a liquid outlet pipe;
and analyzing the weathering products and weathering rate through the experimental water sample.
CN202010240694.1A 2020-03-31 2020-03-31 Experimental device and experimental method for simulating natural weathering of silicate rock Pending CN111487180A (en)

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Application publication date: 20200804