CN111486827A - Wireless sensor for detecting geological changes and system comprising same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a wireless sensor for detecting geological changes and a system including the same. The wireless sensor includes: an attitude detection module configured to detect an attitude of the wireless sensor; a wireless communication module configured to wirelessly transmit and/or receive a message; a control module, communicatively connected to the attitude detection module and the wireless communication module, respectively, and configured to determine whether to send a geological change message indicating a geological change of a location where the wireless sensor is located to the outside via the wireless communication module, at least according to the attitude change detected by the attitude detection module; and a housing that houses the attitude detection module, the wireless communication module, and the control module therein.

Description

Wireless sensor for detecting geological changes and system comprising same

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of geological disaster monitoring, and more particularly to wireless sensors for detecting geological changes and systems including the same.

Background

China, the third country of the world in the territorial area, has various landforms. Accordingly, the types of the geological disasters in China are complete, and the geological disasters are divided according to the nature and the occurrence places of the geological disasters, and the common geological disasters are 12 types and 48 types (data sources: department of national resources and geological environment management, 1998). The development distribution and the damage degree of geological disasters are closely related to the background conditions of geological environment (including landform, the intensity and the mode of geological structure pattern and new structure movement, geotechnical and geological types, hydrogeological conditions and the like), meteorological hydrohydrological and vegetation conditions, human economic engineering activities and the intensity thereof and the like.

As one of the types of geological disasters, landslide, debris flow, and the like are undoubtedly one of the types of geological disasters that seriously affect production and life of people. Landslide (or simply "landslide") refers to a natural phenomenon that soil or rock mass on a slope slides down the slope integrally or dispersedly along a certain weak surface or zone under the action of gravity under the influence of factors such as river scouring, underground water activity, rainwater soaking, earthquake, artificial slope cutting and the like. The moving rock (earth) body is called a displaced body or a sliding body, and the unmoved underburden rock (earth) body is called a sliding bed. The basic condition for generating the landslide is that a sliding space is arranged in front of a slope body, and cutting surfaces are arranged on two sides of the slope body. For example, in the southwest region of China, especially in the mountainous region of the hills in the southwest region, the most basic topographic features are that the mountains are numerous and steep, the soil structure is loose and water is easy to accumulate, and valley rivers are distributed in the mountains and cut with the mountains, so that a plurality of slopes with enough sliding space and cut surfaces are formed. The basic condition of landslide occurrence is widely existed, and landslide disasters are quite frequent.

Therefore, in order to guarantee normal production and living activities of people, a scheme capable of monitoring and forecasting geological disasters such as landslide is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

To at least solve or at least partially mitigate the above-mentioned problems, a wireless sensor for detecting geological changes and a system including the same according to embodiments of the present disclosure are proposed.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless sensor for detecting geological changes is provided. The wireless sensor includes: an attitude detection module configured to detect an attitude of the wireless sensor; a wireless communication module configured to wirelessly transmit and/or receive a message; a control module, communicatively connected to the attitude detection module and the wireless communication module, respectively, and configured to determine whether to send a geological change message indicating a geological change of a location where the wireless sensor is located to the outside via the wireless communication module, at least according to the attitude change detected by the attitude detection module; and a housing that houses the attitude detection module, the wireless communication module, and the control module therein.

In some embodiments, the wireless sensor further includes a power module electrically connected to and supplying power to the attitude detection module, the wireless communication module, and the control module, in some embodiments, the power module includes a battery and an induction coil capable of wireless charging, in some embodiments, the power module supports at least a normal operating mode and a power-saving operating mode, in some embodiments, the wireless communication module is a wireless communication module supporting a wireless communication standard including at least one of Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long term evolution (L TE), and the fifth generation communication standard (5G) of the third Generation partnership project (3 GPP).

In some embodiments, the housing has the shape of a hollow cone, and the attitude detection module, the wireless communication module, and the control module are located in a cavity of the hollow cone cylinder. In some embodiments, the wireless sensor further comprises: and the auxiliary positioning device is fixed on one surface of the shell and is used for assisting the wireless sensor to be fixed in soil. In some embodiments, the auxiliary positioning device is fixed on a bottom surface of the housing having a hollow cylindrical shape for assisting the vertical fixation of the wireless sensor in the soil. In some embodiments, a side of the secondary positioning device distal from the housing has a pointed end. In some embodiments, the auxiliary positioning device is made of metal or doped with metal particles. In some embodiments, the wireless sensor further comprises: an orientation mark provided on at least one face of the housing for assisting in determining an installation direction of the wireless sensor at the time of installation of the wireless sensor. In some embodiments, the wireless sensor further comprises: a temperature sensor communicatively coupled to the control module and configured to detect a temperature of the wireless sensor and/or an ambient temperature. In some embodiments, the temperature sensor is integrated into the gesture detection module. In some embodiments, the wireless communication module further comprises an identification module configured to uniquely identify the wireless sensor. In some embodiments, the identity module is an internet of things (IoT) -based Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card that is removable/installable. In some embodiments, the identity module is an embedded subscriber identity module (eSIM). In some embodiments, the control module is further configured to: and controlling the wireless communication module to report the current state of the wireless sensor to the outside according to the setting parameters in the wireless sensor. In some embodiments, the control module is further configured to: and controlling the wireless communication module to report the current state of the wireless sensor to the outside periodically according to the report period according to a first setting parameter indicating the report period. In some embodiments, the control module is further configured to: and controlling the attitude detection module to enter a corresponding working state according to a second setting parameter indicating the working state of the attitude detection module. In some embodiments, the control module is further configured to: and under the condition that the attitude detection module enters a normal working state, responding to the fact that the attitude change detected by the attitude detection module exceeds an alarm threshold value corresponding to a third set parameter, and controlling the wireless communication module to send a geological change message indicating the geological change of the position where the wireless sensor is located to the outside. In some embodiments, the control module is further configured to: controlling the wireless communication module to report the abnormal state of the wireless sensor to the outside in response to at least one of the following abnormalities determined according to one or more fourth setting parameters in the wireless sensor: a temperature anomaly; the electric quantity is abnormal; a wireless signal quality anomaly; and an attitude detection module anomaly. In some embodiments, the control module is further configured to: controlling the wireless communication module not to report the abnormal state of the wireless sensor to the outside continuously in response to at least one of the following abnormal clearance determined according to the setting parameters in the wireless sensor: clearing the temperature abnormity; clearing the abnormal electric quantity; clearing the wireless signal quality abnormity; and the attitude detection module is cleared abnormally. In some embodiments, the setting parameters are remotely settable by an external server. In some embodiments, the setting parameters include at least one of: the method comprises the following steps of equipment version, equipment restart mark, working mode, reporting period, acceleration alarm threshold, acceleration message binding number, alarm interval, high-temperature abnormal alarm threshold, high-temperature abnormal clearing threshold, low-temperature abnormal alarm threshold, low-temperature abnormal clearing threshold, wireless signal abnormal alarm threshold, wireless signal abnormal clearing threshold and electric quantity alarm threshold. In some embodiments, the geological change message includes at least one of the following fields: communication protocol version, device identification code, timestamp, event type, message segment number, three axis displacement, three axis angle, power, and temperature. In some embodiments, the control module is further configured to reset the wireless sensor according to at least one of the following reset mechanisms: a watchdog; resetting in response to the wireless communication module failing to successfully register with the network within a predetermined time; resetting in response to a failure of the wireless communication module to continuously communicate for a predetermined number of times; and resetting in response to the number of times that the wireless communication module does not receive the external message within the predetermined time exceeding the predetermined number of times. In some embodiments, the wireless communication module supports handing over communications between multiple carrier networks. In some embodiments, the wireless communication module supports simultaneous communication in multiple carrier networks. In some embodiments, the housing has a slot therein for fixing a printed circuit board and/or a battery, and the attitude detection module, the wireless communication module, and the control module are disposed on the printed circuit board. In some embodiments, the outer surface of the housing has an opening for stringing. In some embodiments, the direction of the opening is parallel to the outer surface of the housing. In some embodiments, the housing has a boss on an outer surface thereof spaced from the cavity, and the aperture is provided in the boss. In some embodiments, the wireless sensor is capable of activating its operational state in response to a predetermined change in attitude. In some embodiments, the predetermined pose change is: the change in orientation of the wireless sensor is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold angle. In some embodiments, after controlling the wireless communication module to report the current state of the wireless sensor to the outside periodically, the control module is further configured to: controlling the wireless communicator module to be in an operating state for a predetermined time in preparation for receiving a message from an external server. In some embodiments, the auxiliary fixture positioning device further has a fixture integrally formed with the tip, the fixture configured to avoid shaking of the wireless sensor when installed in soil. In some embodiments, the fixing part has a flat rectangular shape, and one side thereof is integrally formed with the widest part of the tip.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a system for monitoring geological changes is provided. The system comprises: a plurality of the above wireless sensors; and a server communicatively coupled to the plurality of wireless sensors and configured to determine whether a geological change has occurred or is to occur based on monitoring data received from at least one of the plurality of wireless sensors.

In some embodiments, the server is further configured to: setting a setting parameter on the wireless sensor by sending a control message to at least one of the plurality of wireless sensors. In some embodiments, the server is further configured to: receiving an alert message from at least one of the plurality of wireless sensors; and performing a corresponding alert process based on the alert message.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is an exemplary application scenario illustrating a wireless sensor and a system including the wireless sensor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied.

Fig. 2A-2D are schematic diagrams illustrating example hardware configurations of wireless sensors according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example circuit structure of a wireless sensor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4A-4B are schematic diagrams illustrating operation of a wireless sensor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in actual operation.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example message exchange between a wireless sensor and a server of a remote management center according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

In the following detailed description of some embodiments of the disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which details and functions that are not necessary for the disclosure are omitted so as not to obscure the understanding of the disclosure. In this specification, the various embodiments described below which are used to describe the principles of the present disclosure are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the disclosure. The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure as defined by the claims and their equivalents. The following description includes various specific details to aid understanding, but such details are to be regarded as illustrative only. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Moreover, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted for clarity and conciseness. Moreover, throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used for the same or similar functions, devices, and/or operations. Moreover, in the drawings, the parts are not necessarily drawn to scale. In other words, the relative sizes, lengths, and the like of the respective portions in the drawings do not necessarily correspond to actual proportions. Moreover, all or a portion of the features described in some embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to other embodiments to form new embodiments that still fall within the scope of the present application.

In addition, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific operating systems of the devices, and may include (but is not limited to) iOS, Windows Phone, Symbian, Android, L inux, Unix, Windows, MacOS, etc., and different devices may employ the same operating system or different operating systems.

In the present disclosure, the terms "include" and "comprise," as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation; the term "or" is inclusive, meaning and/or. Furthermore, in the following description of the present disclosure, the use of directional terms, such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., are used to indicate relative positional relationships to assist those skilled in the art in understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure, and thus, should be understood by those skilled in the art: "Up"/"Down" in one direction, may become "Down"/"Up" in the opposite direction, and in the other direction, may become other positional relationships, such as "left"/"right", and so forth.

As mentioned above, the Chinese territory is vast and covers various complex terrains, wherein the mountainous regions have complex geological structures and are regions with multiple geological disasters. In a plurality of geological disasters, landslide has high frequency and serious influence, so that the method is particularly important for monitoring and predicting landslide in a section with frequent disasters. Thanks to the development of modern technologies, the 4 th generation (4G) communication technology greatly optimizes the coverage strength and transmission power consumption of wireless communication, and obtains good technical support for the popularization of the internet of things. Therefore, a novel technology of 'Internet of things + disaster warning' becomes possible.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure can generally collect geological structure change data of a landslide region prone to occurrence through a sensor according to the embodiments, transmit measured real-time data to a remote data platform through internet of things technology, and can help realize functions of disaster generation principle analysis, disaster occurrence real-time monitoring and early warning through analysis and processing of data, thereby having great significance for guaranteeing life safety of people and reducing economic loss.

Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example application scenario in which a wireless sensor 200 and a system 10 including one or more wireless sensors 200 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied. As shown in fig. 1, a system 10 for monitoring geological changes may include: one or more wireless sensors 200, one or more base stations 100, and a management center 150. It should be noted that: although only one base station 100 is shown in fig. 1, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the wireless sensor 200 may be connected to a plurality of base stations 100, and communicate with a server in the management center 150 through a backbone network or a core network between the base stations 100, for example, report monitoring data to the server of the management center 150, receive issued parameter settings from the server of the management center 150, and the like. The management center 150 may be centralized, distributed, or cloud-based.

In some embodiments, the communication between the wireless sensor 200 and the base station 100 may be a wireless communication network already deployed by an existing communication operator (e.g., Unicom China, China Mobile, China Telecommunications, etc.), for example, communicating with the management center 150 using its 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G communication network that may be used in the future. in other embodiments, the wireless sensor 200 may also communicate with a corresponding Access Point (AP), hotspot, or base station using wireless communication technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WiMAX, etc. using unlicensed spectrum, or even form an ad-hoc network (ad-hoc), and then communicate with the management center 150 via wireless or wired means.

Returning to fig. 1, one or more wireless sensors 200 may be deployed on a mountain where landslide may occur to monitor corresponding geological change events. The arrangement of the wireless sensors 200 may be a uniform arrangement, or the wireless sensors 200 may be densely arranged at an important region (e.g., the landslide hazard area 105), as shown in fig. 1. By arranging these wireless sensors 200 on a mountain, event sampling is performed at multiple locations of the mountain, a geological change event monitoring network can be formed, so that geological changes can be monitored robustly, and further, these events can be summarized at the management center 150, and geological change events that have occurred (e.g., landslides, debris flows) can be monitored or geological change events that may occur can be predicted according to certain algorithms.

Next, an example hardware configuration of the wireless sensor 200 will be described in detail with reference to fig. 2A to 2D.

Fig. 2A-2D are schematic diagrams illustrating an example hardware configuration of a wireless sensor 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 2A, the wireless sensor 200 may have a housing 210, and the housing 210 may have a substantially cylindrical shape. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, in other embodiments, the housing 210 may have the shape of a hollow cone, a truncated cone, a cuboid, a cube, a prism, or other suitable shape. In some embodiments, the body of the housing 210 may be formed of a material, such as plastic, to avoid shielding electromagnetic signals.

In addition, as shown in fig. 2A, the wireless sensor 200 may be further provided with an auxiliary positioning device 220 on a lower end surface of the housing 210.

Referring to fig. 2B, an oblique view of the wireless sensor 200 is shown from below in fig. 2A. As shown in fig. 2B, an auxiliary locating device 220 may be secured to one face (e.g., the lower face shown in fig. 2B) of the housing 210 to assist in securing the wireless sensor 200 in the soil. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the auxiliary positioning device 220 may be disposed on other one or more surfaces of the housing 210. For example, in other embodiments, the auxiliary positioning device 220 may have a configuration with a plurality of legs protruding from the side surface of the housing 210 and extending downward as shown in fig. 2A.

Returning to fig. 2B, the secondary positioning device 220 may be secured to a face of the housing 210 by fasteners 225, such as screws. The fastening member 225 may be located on one side of the auxiliary positioning device 220 or on both sides of the auxiliary positioning device 220. The secondary positioning device 220 may be integrally formed with the fastener 225. Of course, it can be fixed to the housing 210 by other means, such as adhesive, welding, snap-fitting, etc., even when the housing 210 and the auxiliary positioning device 220 are made of the same material, they can be integrally formed. In some embodiments, the auxiliary locating device 220 may be made of metal or doped with metal particles, so that the auxiliary locating device 220 of the installed wireless sensor 200 can be detected by a detection device such as a metal detector without the ground surface being visible, thereby facilitating subsequent maintenance and/or management.

Furthermore, as shown in fig. 2B, in order to facilitate vertical fixing of the wireless sensor 200 in the soil, the side of the auxiliary positioning device 220 away from the housing 210 may be designed to have a pointed end 221, so that the wireless sensor 220 can easily penetrate into the soil when being installed downward. Further, the number of the tips 221 is more than one, but there may be a plurality of the tips 221 to make the fixation of the wireless sensor 200 in the soil more secure. Furthermore, as shown in fig. 2B, the auxiliary positioning device 220 may further have a fixing portion 223 integrally formed with the tip 221, and the fixing portion 223 may prevent or at least reduce shaking of the wireless sensor 200 when installed in the soil. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2B, the fixing portion 223 may have a flat rectangular shape, and one side thereof is integrally formed with the widest part of the tip 221.

In other embodiments, the secondary positioning device 220 may be shaped as a cone. In other embodiments, the shape of the tip 221 may be one of: triangular, identical or similar to the screwdriver bit: a straight line, a cross, a Chinese character 'mi', a star, a square head, a hexagonal head, a Y-shaped head, etc.

Returning to fig. 2A, the wireless sensor 200 may also be provided with an aperture 235 on the upper end face of the housing 210. In some embodiments, the opening 235 may be used for a rope-reeving suspension so that after a pothole is dug using an excavation tool such as a luoyang shovel, it may be installed directly into the pothole by the rope-reeving suspension and then the rope is withdrawn. In some embodiments, the opening 235 is formed on one surface of the housing 210 without compromising the integrity of the housing. In other embodiments, in order to satisfy a high foreign object intrusion prevention level such as IP68, as shown in fig. 2A and 2C, an opening 235 may be formed in a boss 230 provided on the outer surface of the case 210.

Referring to fig. 2C, an oblique view from the top surface of fig. 2A is shown. On the upper surface of the housing 210 of the wireless sensor 200, a boss 230 may be formed, and an opening 235 is formed in the boss 230. In addition, since the housing 210 of the wireless sensor 200 has a hollow cylindrical shape design as shown in fig. 2D, in order to enclose the relevant circuit elements, batteries, and the like of the wireless sensor 200 into the hollow cavity, the boss 230 may be formed separately from the body of the housing 210. For example, as shown in fig. 2C, the boss 230 may be integrally formed with the upper cover 231 such that an opening 235 exists between the boss 230 and the upper cover 231. Further, in order to satisfy a high level of foreign object intrusion prevention such as IP68, a sealed cavity may be formed by bonding it to the body of the case 210 along the circumference 239 of the upper cover 231 (e.g., by an epoxy sealant), the cavity being substantially spaced apart from the opening 235, thereby achieving foreign object intrusion prevention. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2C, the upper cover 231 may also be secured to the body of the housing 210 by fasteners 238, such as one or more screws.

Further, as shown in fig. 2C, an orientation mark 237 may be further provided on the upper cover 231 or on the upper surface of the body of the housing 210. Orientation markings 237 may be provided on at least one face of housing 210 and used to assist an installer in determining the installation orientation of wireless sensor 200 when installing wireless sensor 200. By determining the installation direction of the wireless sensor 200, the plurality of wireless sensors 200 may be able to maintain substantially the same orientation when installed at different locations, thereby allowing the use of directional antennas such that the directional antennas of the wireless sensors face the base station.

Referring to fig. 2D, an internal cross-sectional view of the wireless sensor 200 shown in fig. 2A is shown. In a cavity 270 formed by the housing 210 and the upper cover 231 sealed, a circuit board 260 (e.g., a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)) of the wireless sensor 200 and various functional modules mounted thereon, a battery 250, and the like may be disposed. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2D, the circuit board 260 and the battery 250 are vertically disposed along the longitudinal direction of the wireless sensor 200, so that the respective functional modules can be mounted on a first surface of the circuit board 260 and the battery 250 can be located on a second surface of the circuit board 260 opposite to the first surface.

In some embodiments, there may be a gap between battery 250 and circuit board 260, and thus no direct contact. For example, the two may be separately secured in the cavity 270 of the housing 210 by slots or other securing structures formed on the inner wall of the housing 210. In addition, in other embodiments, the battery 250 may also be in contact with and secured to the circuit board 260, and one of the batteries may be secured relative to the housing 210, and thus indirectly secured to the other battery. Further, the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described arrangement of the circuit board 260 and the battery 250, but the specific shape, size, mounting orientation, and the like of both may be adjusted as needed.

Next, a circuit configuration of the wireless sensor 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example circuit structure of a wireless sensor 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 3, a circuit board of the wireless sensor 200 (e.g., the circuit board 260 shown in fig. 2D) may have a plurality of hardware modules disposed thereon, which may include (but are not limited to): a main controller (or control module) 310, a wireless communication module 320, an attitude detection module 330, and a power supply module 340. An antenna 325 may also be disposed on the circuit board 260. However, it should be noted that: other or none of the foregoing modules may also be mounted on the circuit board of the wireless sensor 200, as desired, and as will occur to those of skill in the art in light of the teachings of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, the master controller 310 may be communicatively coupled to the gesture detection module 330 and the wireless communication module 320, respectively, and may be configured to determine whether to send a geological change message indicating a geological change of the location where the wireless sensor 200 is located to the outside via the wireless communication module 320 based at least on a change in the gesture detected by the gesture detection module 330. in some embodiments, the master controller 310 may be, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a microprocessor (μ P), etc. for example, the master controller 310 may be a low power microcontroller of the STM 32L 476R family of the intentional Semiconductor (ST) corporation, which is a high performance ultra-low power single chip microcomputer, up to 80MHz, and supports floating point arithmetic.

In some embodiments, the attitude detection module 330 may be configured to detect the attitude of the wireless sensor 200. for example, the attitude detection module 330 may include at least one of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and/or a magnetometer. in some embodiments, the accelerometer may be, for example, a three-axis acceleration sensor, which may be used to detect the real-time acceleration of the movement of the wireless sensor 200 as it is affected by the surrounding soil mass when operating in the ground. for example, the attitude detection module 330 may employ an ADX L355 high precision three-axis acceleration sensor from Addenox (ADI) corporation, which may communicate with the master controller 310 via, for example, an I2C or SPI bus, to communicate the collected acceleration data to the master controller 310, while also setting a threshold alarm to trigger the master controller 310 to perform a particular operation via an I/O interface interrupt format.

In some embodiments, the temperature sensor may be a temperature sensor integrated into the attitude detection module 330, such as the aforementioned ADX L355 high precision three axis acceleration sensor, which is self-contained.

In some embodiments, the wireless communication module 320 may be configured to wirelessly transmit and/or receive messages, for example, the wireless communication module 320 may include at least one of a GSM module, an EDGE module, an HSPA module, a WCDMA module, a CDMA2000 module, a TD-SCDMA module, an L TE module, a 5G NR module, and the like, more generally, the wireless communication module 320 may be a wireless communication module that supports wireless communication standards including at least one of a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long term evolution (L TE), and the fifth generation communication standard (5G) of the third Generation partnership project (3 GPP).

Further, as shown in fig. 3, in the case where some wireless communication technologies are adopted (e.g., NB-IOT, etc.), a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card 323 needs to be installed to enable the network side to identify and distinguish the respective wireless sensors 200. In some embodiments, a SIM card receptacle may be provided in the wireless communication module 320 to facilitate installation and/or removal of the SIM card. For example, a push-pull MicroSIM card socket, model Molex-786463001, may be used and may meet an operating temperature range of-30 deg.C to 80 deg.C. By installing the SIM card 323, the main controller 310 can be enabled to smoothly register in the access network through the wireless communication module 320 and communicate with an external device such as the management center 150. In some embodiments, the SIM card socket may be used to plug a narrowband internet of things card, whose circuit may conform to ETSI and IMT-2000SIM interface requirements, and may support USIM cards powered by 1.8V and 3.0V. Further, in other embodiments, the SIM module 323 may also be an embedded subscriber identity module (eSIM) instead of a pluggable SIM card. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

Further, in some embodiments, the wireless communication module 320 may support handing over communications between multiple operator networks (e.g., multiple ones of china mobile, china unicom, china telecom, etc.). Further, in some embodiments, the wireless communication module 320 may support simultaneous communication in multiple carrier networks (e.g., multiple ones of china mobile, china unicom, china telecom, etc.).

In some embodiments, the power module 340 may be electrically connected to and provide power to the gesture detection module 330, the wireless communication module 320, and the control module 310. In addition, the power module 340 may include a battery and an induction coil capable of wireless charging, so that the wireless sensor 200 installed underground may be directly charged on the ground, the maintenance of the wireless sensor 200 is simplified, and the lifespan of the wireless sensor 200 is extended. In addition, the power module 340 may also support a plurality of operating modes including (but not limited to) a normal operating mode and a power saving operating mode. In a power-saving mode of operation, for example, the power module 340 may selectively provide power to some modules while ceasing to provide power to other modules, or to provide power to some modules at a minimum operating current. In contrast, in the normal operating mode, the power module 340 may supply sufficient power to all modules, or at least designated modules.

Further, as previously described in connection with FIG. 2D, the wireless sensor 200 may have a separate battery 250 that may be coupled with the power module 340 through a battery interface provided on the circuit board 260, although the disclosure is not limited thereto, for example, the power module 340 may receive power from the outside (e.g., a solar panel installed on the ground) through a wire, or the power module 340 may have an integral battery, in some embodiments, the battery 250 may employ a lithium thionyl chloride lithium battery pack of model G0047C-L F produced by lithium ion energy (EVE) having a battery rated voltage of 3.6V, an open circuit voltage of 3.66-3.69V, a design capacity of 19000mAh that has an ultra-low self-discharge rate, a storage life of up to 10 years, may operate stably within a temperature range of-60 ℃ to +85 ℃, may provide a standby current of less than 1mA when the power module 340 is in an energy-saving mode of operation, and may maintain a standby for 2 years.

In some embodiments, the power module 340 may use, for example, a TPS63030 series chip of Texas Instruments (TI) corporation to supply power to the wireless communication module 320, where the input voltage of the chip ranges from 1.8V to 5.5V, the output voltage ranges from 1.2V to 5.5V, and the maximum output current may reach 1A or more, which may meet the power consumption requirement of the device. In addition, the chip supports a buck/boost dual working mode and can automatically switch between the two modes according to the input/output voltage condition. Therefore, the stable working voltage of the equipment can be ensured in the whole life cycle of the battery. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

In addition, in some embodiments, the power module 340 may further use a TPS731xx series chip of TI corporation to supply power to the main controller 310 and the gesture detection module 330, and the chip has extremely low quiescent current and extremely low input/output voltage difference, and is very suitable for being used as a common power source of a power consumption sensitive device. The input voltage range is 1.7V to 5.5V, the ADJ model can set the output voltage range to be 1.2V to 5.5V between 1.2V to 5.5V through the resistor, the maximum output current is 150mA, the power consumption requirements of other modules except the wireless communication module 320 can be met, and due to the extremely small output ripple, the sensor can provide good voltage guarantee for the accuracy of the sensor. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the main controller 310, the wireless communication module 320 and/or the gesture detection module 330 may be powered by multiple independent power topologies, since the wireless sensor 200 may need to have a self-wake-up function, the main controller 200 and the gesture detection module 330 may need to be powered continuously in some embodiments, and since the operating voltage ranges of the main controller 200 and the gesture detection module 330 may be similar, a single power supply may be used, and in view of the requirement of reducing power consumption, the single power supply topology may be set to 2.5V, since the power consumption is smaller, and the gesture detection module 330 needs to be powered by a more stable voltage, a low dropout regulator (L DO) may be used.

In contrast, the wireless communication module 320 requires a power supply topology capable of supplying a large instantaneous current because of the sudden power consumption generated during transmission. Meanwhile, considering that the power supply voltage of the wireless communication module 320 is high and the battery voltage decreases with the consumption of power, the power topology thereof may provide a stable operating voltage by using a step-up/step-down method. Furthermore, the portion of the power supply topology may be set to a power saving mode or an off mode by the main controller 310 for power saving purposes. The portion of the quiescent current after shutdown may be 1 uA. The portion of the power supply may be set to a 3.1V output based at least in part on control device cost considerations. Because the whole plate device can normally work under the voltage of 3.1V, the 3.1V power supply network and the 2.5V power supply network can be in short circuit in a 0 ohm resistor bridging mode, and therefore devices required by the topology of the 2.5V power supply network can be saved. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

In addition, other components may also be disposed on circuit board 260 of wireless sensor 200, including (but not limited to): a clock (e.g., for wake-up in a power-saving state, etc.), reset circuitry (e.g., for reset after power-up), and a plurality of interfaces (e.g., a USB interface, a main controller debug interface, a wireless communication module debug interface, etc.) for product debugging, upgrading, maintenance. Further, in some embodiments, master controller 310 of wireless sensor 200 may be further configured to reset wireless sensor 200 according to at least one of the following reset mechanisms: a watchdog; reset in response to the wireless communication module failing to successfully register with the network within a predetermined time (e.g., 3 days); reset in response to the wireless communication module 320 failing to continuously communicate a predetermined number of times (e.g., 3 times); and reset in response to the number of times that the wireless communication module 320 does not receive the external message within the predetermined time exceeding a predetermined number of times (e.g., 3 times).

Further, in some embodiments, the antenna 325 may be electrically connected with the wireless communication module 320 and may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals under the control of the wireless communication module 320. For example, the antenna 325 may be an omni-directional antenna. Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in fig. 2D and 3, the antenna 325 may be a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) patch antenna mounted on the circuit board 260.

In some embodiments, given that the deployment site of the wireless sensor 200 is often in remote, high mountainous areas, it is desirable to ensure that the technical requirements on the constructors are low and to try to reduce the deployment difficulty. In addition, in order to avoid the wireless sensor 200 being artificially moved or damaged, it may be buried under the soil (e.g., below 15 cm), and the antenna may not be exposed to the ground surface. In view of the above, in some embodiments, wireless sensor 200 may employ omni-directional antenna 325, and the body of antenna 325 may be disposed within housing 210 supporting IP 68.

Further, in some embodiments, the influence of soil on the antenna may be mainly a shift of the resonant frequency of the antenna, resulting in deterioration of impedance characteristics, low efficiency, and it may be considered to employ a broadband loop antenna since the influence of general soil characteristics on the characteristics of a magnetic field is small. For example, an a10315 type antenna by Antenova corporation, which is a surface mount type loop current antenna, may be employed. The antenna has excellent characteristics in the aspect of resisting signal attenuation, can be fixed on a PCB in a surface mounting mode, and can achieve sensitivity comparable with that of an external antenna while meeting the design requirement of a shell. In addition, correspondingly, since the type-selecting antenna is a passive antenna, pi-type network can be used to meet the requirement, and the RC parameter needs to be adjusted to adjust the network impedance to, for example, 50 ohms in practical use.

Thus far, hardware aspects of a wireless sensor 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure have been described in detail in connection with fig. 2A-2D and fig. 3. Next, the operation flow of the wireless sensor 200 will be described in detail with reference to fig. 4A to 4B and fig. 5.

Fig. 4A-4B are schematic diagrams illustrating the operation of a wireless sensor 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in actual operation. As shown in fig. 4A, sensors 200a and 200b are buried in soil 400 by a tool such as a luoyang shovel in an upright position, and may be initially oriented substantially the same by an orientation marker to allow use of a directional antenna, as previously described. To conserve power, the wireless sensor 200 may be in a standby mode or an energy-saving mode of operation before being buried in the soil 400, and only leave the attitude detection module 330 in a low-power state of operation. When wireless sensor 200 is to be buried underground, gesture detection module 330 may be triggered by a predetermined gesture change to wake up master controller 310 (e.g., by issuing an interrupt request). In some embodiments, the predetermined change in attitude may be a change in orientation of the wireless sensor 200 greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold angle. For example, the wireless sensor 200 may be rotated 180 degrees or other suitable degrees about its long axis, or changed from a lying position to a vertical position, etc., before burying the wireless sensor 200 in the ground, without limiting the disclosure thereto. In some embodiments, it may also be set to power up, i.e., to start the master controller 310.

After the wireless sensors 200a, 200b are installed, they may register with the management center 150 through a registration phase described below in connection with fig. 5 and communicate with the management center 150 periodically or in response to an event occurrence. For example, as shown in fig. 4B, when an area of the soil 400 is in a landslide, for example, the soil 400 in the area may be displaced downward (as indicated by the dotted arrow), and the wireless sensors 200a and 200B may be displaced and/or tilted to some extent due to different densities, humidities, vegetation, etc. of different layers of soil. When the wireless sensor 200a and/or 200b detects such a displacement and/or tilt (e.g., an anisotropic acceleration detected by the attitude detection module 330) exceeding a predetermined threshold, then the wireless sensor 200a and/or 200b may report a geological change message to the management center 150 as shown in the work phase of fig. 5. Further, when the wireless sensor 200a and/or 200b detects an abnormality of its own device (for example, an excessively high device temperature, a failure in hardware initialization, a deterioration of a communication link, etc.), an abnormal state may be reported to the management center 150 as shown in an abnormal stage in fig. 5, and in a case where the abnormal state disappears, an abnormal clearance may be reported to the management center 150. Further, when entering a power saving or sleep state as directed by the management center 150, the wireless sensors 200a and/or 200b may maintain only minimal safe newspaper (e.g., daily newspaper) communication with the management center 150 as shown in the sleep phase in fig. 5. Next, the work flow of the wireless sensor 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to fig. 5.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example message exchange between the wireless sensor 200 and a server of the remote management center 150 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As previously mentioned, the wireless sensor 200 may be in various different phases of operation, however, it is noted that: there is no clear boundary between the phases. In other words, the wireless sensor 200 may be in a plurality of operating phases at the same time, such as an operating phase and an abnormal phase, a sleep phase and an abnormal phase, and so on. Thus, one skilled in the art will understand that: the disclosed embodiments are not limited by the division or sequencing of the stages, and can be combined, eliminated, or modified in any suitable manner as desired. Further, although three wireless sensors 200a, 200b, and 200c are shown in fig. 5, the present disclosure is not so limited, and any number of wireless sensors 200 may be employed.

As shown in fig. 5, in the initialization phase, at step S501, when, for example, the wireless sensor 200-a detects an event that triggers initialization (e.g., an initialization event triggered by the aforementioned attitude change), an initialization procedure may be triggered. For example, the main controller 310 and/or the wireless communication module 320 may be awakened and a registration request may be transmitted to the management center 150 through the wireless communication module 320 as shown in step S510. The registration request may include, for example, identification information of the wireless sensor 200-a (e.g., a device number (e.g., International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)), an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) of a SIM card, etc.) to uniquely identify the wireless sensor 200a at the management center 150. In addition, the registration request may also include, for example, the current operating state, such as the initial attitude detected by attitude detection module 330, the communication link quality detected by wireless communication module 320, and the device temperature, to facilitate subsequent monitoring by management center 150 of attitude changes, communication links, whether the device is operating properly, and the like. After receiving the registration request, the management center 150 may return a registration response to the wireless sensor 200-a at step S512 based on a predetermined flow, for example, registration success, registration failure (e.g., due to duplication of identification information, abnormal operating state of the device), and the like. It should be noted that: since in some embodiments the wireless sensor 200-a is battery powered and has a limited amount of power, its wireless communication module 320 may enter a sleep state after a period of time (e.g., 2 minutes, although the disclosure is not so limited) after sending a message to the management center 150, the management center 150 may need to send a registration response message back in as short a time as possible (e.g., the corresponding 2 minutes) in order for the wireless sensor 200-a to successfully receive the registration response message. In addition, in the registration response message, the management center 150 may also issue its initial configuration to the wireless sensor 200-a to facilitate its work. Similarly, wireless sensors 200-b and/or 200-c may also complete their respective initialization phases via respective registration requests/registration responses (e.g., steps S514/S516 and S518/S520). However, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, it may not use a triggering mechanism as shown in wireless sensor 200-a, but rather be directly in an active state.

As shown in fig. 5, in a sleep phase (e.g., in winter when landslide is infrequent), the wireless sensors 200-a, 200-b, and/or 200-c may not communicate with the management center 150 except for "safety report" and may have their attitude detection modules turned off or placed in a low power consumption state to conserve power as much as possible. As will be described in detail below, the entry into the sleep phase may be triggered by the management center 150 remotely setting parameters of each wireless sensor 220.

In step S522, the wireless sensor 200-a may transmit a safety report message to the management center 150. In some embodiments, the safety report message may include one or more of:

version(s)

Device ID

Time stamp

Event type

Displacement of

Angle of rotation

Electric quantity

Temperature of

Wherein the version field may indicate the firmware version on the current device, the device ID field may be a device identifier such as the aforementioned IMEI or IMSI, the timestamp field may be the local time of the wireless sensor 200-a, the event type field may indicate the type of event to which the present message relates (e.g., a peace report, a geological change event, or device malfunction, etc.), the displacement/angle field may be a change in attitude detected by the attitude detection module 330, the power field may be the remaining power detected by the power module 340, and the temperature field may be the device or ambient temperature detected by the temperature sensor. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

Furthermore, due to limitations of the communication protocol, there may be a possibility that the message is too large to be sent out at one time. In this case, the message may be divided into a plurality of fragments and issued one by one. In this case, additional fields (e.g., message number fields) may be added in order to distinguish the individual message fragments and to enable the management center 150 to consolidate them for processing. For example, in some embodiments, when the management center 150 receives multiple messages from the same wireless sensor 200 that have the same timestamp but different message number fields, it may combine the messages for processing.

Further, the safety report message may be periodically transmitted (e.g., at intervals of 4 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, etc.) according to an internal configuration of the wireless sensor 200-a or according to parameters set by the management center 150. Thus, when the management center 150 wants to set parameters of the wireless sensor 200-a (including but not limited to the ping period or the device operating mode, etc.), it may be necessary for the longest time to be so long after the ping period to be effective at the wireless sensor 200-a, because the wireless sensor 200-a may be in a power saving or sleep mode of operation and thus keep the communication link clear and receive the parameter setting message transmitted to the management center 150 only for a short time (e.g., the aforementioned 2 minutes) after the ping message is transmitted. Therefore, the management center 150 updates the status of the wireless sensor 200-a maintained in its own database in step S524 according to the safety report message received from the wireless sensor 200-a in step S522, and in the case where it is found that the update setting of the parameter of the wireless sensor 200-a is required, the management center 150 may transmit a parameter setting message to the wireless sensor 200-a in step S526. Further, in some embodiments, when the wireless sensor 200-a parses the received parameter setting message and determines that the parameter parsing is successful, the parameters may be validated immediately and written to the wireless sensor's 200-a own internal memory. Thus, the parameter settings in the internal memory will be read first when the wireless sensor 200-a is restarted the next time, ensuring that the parameters are not lost. Further, in some embodiments, while the wireless sensor 200-a successfully parses the parameter setting message, a successful setting message may be returned to the management center 150 to tell the management center 150 that the parameter has been successfully parsed and applied.

Similarly, the wireless sensor 200-b in the sleep stage may send a safety report to the management center 150 at step S528, and after the management center 150 updates the status of the wireless sensor 200-b it maintains at step S530, it may find that the wireless sensor 200-b does not need the parameter setting, and thus the safety report process is ended. Further, the wireless sensor 200-c in the sleep phase may attempt to send a safety report to the management center 150 at step S532, however, due to problems such as communication link failure, base station 100 failure, etc., the management center 150 may not receive the safety report one or more times, so in case the management center 150 detects that the wireless sensor 200-c safety report times out (e.g., 3 times the safety report is not received regularly or for more than 3 days), at step S534, a status query message may be proactively issued to the wireless sensor 200-c (e.g., through a backup communication link) at step S536, or other measures may be taken, such as reminding an administrator of attention and handling maintenance accordingly.

As shown in FIG. 5, during operational phases (e.g., summer, rainy season, etc., when landslides are frequent), wireless sensors 200-a, 200-b, and/or 200-c may be in normal operating conditions to monitor geological change events. For example, the management center 150 sets parameters of the wireless sensors 200 so that they can enter a normal operation state, and the parameters are described in detail below.

As shown in fig. 5, the wireless sensor 200-a may detect a geological change event (e.g., its pose detection module 330 detects that the inclination angle exceeds a predetermined threshold or the acceleration exceeds a predetermined threshold) at step S538, it may send a relevant geological change message to the management center 150 at step S540. In some embodiments, the format and/or content of the geological change message may be similar to the format and/or content of the aforementioned safety report message. After receiving the geological change message, the management center 150 may perform corresponding geological change processing at step S542. For example, an administrator may be alerted. For another example, the comprehensive judgment may be performed according to a plurality of geological change events reported by a plurality of wireless sensors 200 in a specified area or a plurality of nearby wireless sensors 200 that do not report corresponding events, so as to determine whether the wireless sensor 200-a detects only a local small disturbance, for example, due to passing of a pedestrian or an animal. Further, similar to the sleep phase, the management center 150 may send parameter update settings to the wireless sensor 200-a to adjust its operating parameters shortly after receiving the geological change message at step S540. For example, since an abnormality is detected, a report cycle of a safe report or the like may be shortened, or the wireless sensor 200-a may be instructed to restart.

Similarly, the wireless sensor 200-b may report the geological change message in step S546 if it detects a geological change event in its vicinity in step S544, and the management center 150 performs corresponding geological change processing in step S548. Further, since, for example, the management center 150 may receive geological change messages of a plurality of wireless sensors 200 (e.g., wireless sensors 200-a and 200-b) in a short time, it may be judged that there is or about to occur landslide, and thus it may be selected to alert the administrator.

Furthermore, the wireless sensor 200-c may not detect any geological change event during this phase and therefore does not report any geological change messages. However, it may still report the safety report message to the management center 150 periodically.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, wireless sensors 200-a, 200-b, and/or 200-c may enter an abnormal phase due to reasons such as excessive device temperature, poor communication link quality, and the like. For example, the wireless sensor 200 may acquire temperature, power, signal quality, sensor status, etc. once every certain time (e.g., 30 minutes) to analyze whether there is a device abnormality. For example, for the temperature, the wireless sensor 200 may read the current temperature value of the three-axis acceleration sensor and compare the current temperature value with the threshold value set by the parameter. After a temperature anomaly is found, an anomaly may be reported. It can report an alarm clear after the temperature recovers. Similarly, for the power, when the power is insufficient, the power module 340 may trigger the interruption of the main controller 310, that is, after the power is too low, the power too low alarm may be reported to the management center 150 and the related maintenance may be required. For signal quality, the wireless sensor 200 can read the signal quality of its wireless communication module 320 and compare it with the threshold value set by the parameter. When the signal quality is found to be lower than the threshold value, a signal abnormity alarm can be reported, and after recovery, an alarm clearing can be reported. Similarly, regarding the sensor state, the wireless sensor 200 may read the ID of its triaxial acceleration sensor and compare it with a prescribed value, thereby periodically determining whether or not the read ID value matches the value prescribed in the manual. If not, an alarm may be reported.

For example, referring to fig. 5, in step S550, the wireless sensor 200-a may detect that its own temperature is too high (e.g., due to poor heat dissipation, a mountain fire in the vicinity, etc.), and when the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold specified by the setting parameters, the wireless sensor 200-a may choose to send a temperature abnormality message to the management center in step S552. In some embodiments, the temperature anomaly message may be in a format and/or content similar to the messages described above. Upon receiving the temperature abnormality message, the management center 150 may update the state of the wireless sensor 200-a it maintains at step S554. Further, in some embodiments, management center 150 may instruct wireless sensor 200-a to reboot or briefly sleep in an attempt to eliminate the temperature anomaly warning.

Thereafter, the wireless sensor 200-a may detect that its temperature returns to normal through the temperature sensor mounted thereon at step S560, and when the temperature is lower than the aforementioned temperature threshold or another temperature threshold specified by the setting parameter, the wireless sensor 200-a may select to transmit a temperature abnormality clear message to the management center at step S558. In some embodiments, the temperature anomaly clear message may be in a format and/or content similar to the messages described previously. Upon receiving the temperature anomaly clear message, the management center 150 may update the status of the wireless sensor 200-a it maintains at step S560 to instruct the wireless sensor 200-a to resume normal operation. Similarly, each wireless sensor 200 may report various abnormal events/abnormal cleaning events to the management center 150, so that the management center 150 can perform relevant processing in time, for example, scheduling maintenance of field workers, etc.

Some parameters within the wireless sensor 200 according to embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to table 1 below. However, it should be noted that: the disclosed embodiments are not limited to these parameters, but may employ other parameters or none, some or all of the following.

Table 1: wireless sensor parameter description

It should be noted that: the above values are merely examples, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, when the restart parameter (Reset) is set to 1, the wireless sensor 200 will restart, and when set to 0, no action may be taken. In some embodiments, when the parameter operating mode (EnableAC) is set to 1, the wireless communication module 320 of the wireless sensor 200 may be kept active at all times without being powered off or hibernated. The power consumption is higher at this time, and the method can be used for a landslide monitoring period. In addition, when the operating mode (EnableAC) parameter is set to 0, the landslide detection may be turned off (e.g., the attitude detection module 330 is turned off or put into a low power consumption mode), while leaving only the anomaly detection and peace reporting functions, and the wireless communication module 320 may be turned off after reporting data each time to reduce power consumption and save power.

In addition, in some embodiments, as mentioned above, since the communication carrier may limit the byte length (for example, 512 bytes) of one report, the maximum number of raw data reported at a time may be approximately 30, and after more than 30, the raw data is sent in multiple times. For example, the transmission may be divided into 3 transmissions as follows.

1，1234567890，1531730432000，200，0，245，0，1，...，..

1，1234567890，1531730432000，200，1，222，222，555，...，..

1，1234567890，1531730432000，200，2，333，444，555，...，..

These three pieces of data may have the following data format:

version(s)

Device ID

Time stamp

Event type

Message numbering

Three-axis angle

。

In other words, the wireless sensor 200 may further control its wireless communication module 320 to report the current status of the wireless sensor 200 to the outside according to the setting parameters therein, for example, it may control the attitude detection module 330 to enter a corresponding operating state according to the setting parameters (e.g., EnableAC) indicating the operating state of the attitude detection module 330. in some embodiments, in case the attitude detection module 330 enters a normal operating state, the wireless communication module 320 is controlled to send a geological change message indicating the geological change of the location where the wireless sensor 200 is located to the outside in response to the attitude change detected by the attitude detection module 330 exceeding an alarm threshold corresponding to the setting parameters (e.g., ACAlarmThreshold). furthermore, in some embodiments, in response to at least one of the exceptions determined according to one or more setting parameters (e.g., highheretrustorthreshold _ R, L owterthreshold _ R, PoorSignalThreshold _ R) within the wireless sensor 200, the wireless communication module 320 is controlled to report to the outside the exception status of the wireless sensor 200, the exception status is cleared according to the wireless sensor anomaly detection parameters, in some embodiments, the wireless communication module may not clear the exception report the wireless sensor 200, the exception status may be cleared by the wireless communication exception report signal, and the wireless sensor exception status may be cleared in response to the wireless sensor detection module may be cleared in some embodiments, the wireless sensor exception report signal clear in response to the wireless sensor detection parameters, such as a wireless sensor detection parameter clear exception detection signal, in response to clear in response to the wireless sensor 200.

Accordingly, on the management center 150 side, it may be determined whether a geological change has occurred or is to occur based on monitoring data received from at least one wireless sensor 200 of the plurality of wireless sensors 200. In some embodiments, the server of the management center 150 may also set the setting parameters on the wireless sensor 200 by sending a control message to at least one wireless sensor 200 of the plurality of wireless sensors 200. In some embodiments, the server of the management center 150 may also receive an alert message from at least one wireless sensor 200 of the plurality of wireless sensors 200 and perform a corresponding alert process based on the alert message.

Accordingly, the present invention discloses a system for monitoring geological changes, the system comprising: a plurality of wireless sensors 200 as described above; and a server in the management center 150 communicatively coupled to the plurality of wireless sensors and configured to determine whether a geological change has occurred or is to occur based on monitoring data received from at least one of the plurality of wireless sensors.

Through the wireless sensor and/or the system according to the embodiment of the disclosure, a scheme capable of monitoring and forecasting geological disasters such as landslide and the like is provided, the deployment and maintenance modes are simple, convenient and flexible, the sustainable time is long, and the geological disasters can be effectively monitored and forecasted, so that property and personal loss caused by the geological disasters to production and life of people is solved or at least partially reduced.

The disclosure has thus been described in connection with the preferred embodiments. It should be understood that various other changes, substitutions, and additions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is not to be limited by the specific embodiments described above, but only by the appended claims.

Furthermore, functions described herein as being implemented by pure hardware, pure software, and/or firmware may also be implemented by special purpose hardware, combinations of general purpose hardware and software, and so forth. For example, functions described as being implemented by dedicated hardware (e.g., Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), etc.) may be implemented by a combination of general purpose hardware (e.g., Central Processing Unit (CPU), Digital Signal Processor (DSP)) and software, and vice versa.

Claims (47)

1. A wireless sensor for detecting geological changes, comprising:

an attitude detection module configured to detect an attitude of the wireless sensor;

a wireless communication module configured to wirelessly transmit and/or receive a message;

a control module, communicatively connected to the attitude detection module and the wireless communication module, respectively, and configured to determine whether to send a geological change message indicating a geological change of a location where the wireless sensor is located to the outside via the wireless communication module, at least according to the attitude change detected by the attitude detection module; and

and the shell covers the attitude detection module, the wireless communication module and the control module.

2. The wireless sensor of claim 1, further comprising:

and the power supply module is electrically connected with the attitude detection module, the wireless communication module and the control module and supplies power to the attitude detection module, the wireless communication module and the control module.

3. The wireless sensor of claim 2, wherein the power module comprises a battery and an induction coil that are wirelessly rechargeable.

4. The wireless sensor of claim 2, wherein the power module supports at least a normal mode of operation and a power-saving mode of operation.

5. The wireless sensor of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication module is a wireless communication module supporting wireless communication standards including at least one of Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long term evolution (L TE), and the fifth generation communication standard (5G) of the third Generation partnership project (3 GPP).

6. The wireless sensor of claim 1, further comprising:

an antenna electrically connected with the wireless communication module and configured to transmit and/or receive a wireless signal under the control of the wireless communication module.

7. The wireless sensor of claim 6, wherein the antenna is an omni-directional antenna.

8. The wireless sensor of claim 6, wherein the antenna is a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) patch antenna.

9. The wireless sensor of claim 1, wherein the gesture detection module comprises at least one of: accelerometer, gyroscope, geomagnetism.

10. The wireless sensor of claim 1, wherein the housing has a shape of a hollow cylinder, and the attitude detection module, the wireless communication module, and the control module are located in a cavity of the hollow cylinder.

11. The wireless sensor of claim 10, wherein the housing seals the attitude detection module, the wireless communication module, and the control module in their cavities by a sealing compound.

12. The wireless sensor of claim 10, wherein the gesture detection module, the wireless communication module, and/or the control module are located on a first surface of a printed circuit board in the cavity, and a battery is located on a second surface side of the printed circuit board opposite the first surface.

13. The wireless sensor of claim 1, wherein the housing has a shape of a hollow cone, and the attitude detection module, the wireless communication module, and the control module are located in a cavity of the hollow cone cylinder.

14. The wireless sensor of claim 1, further comprising:

and the auxiliary positioning device is fixed on one surface of the shell and is used for assisting the wireless sensor to be fixed in soil.

15. The wireless sensor of claim 14, wherein the auxiliary positioning means is fixed to a bottom surface of the housing having a hollow cylindrical shape for assisting the vertical fixation of the wireless sensor in the soil.

16. A wireless sensor according to claim 14 or 15, wherein a side of the auxiliary locating means remote from the housing has a pointed end.

17. A wireless sensor according to any of claims 14 to 16, wherein the auxiliary locating means is made of metal or is doped with metal particles.

18. The wireless sensor of claim 1, further comprising:

an orientation mark provided on at least one face of the housing for assisting in determining an installation direction of the wireless sensor at the time of installation of the wireless sensor.

19. The wireless sensor of claim 1, further comprising:

a temperature sensor communicatively coupled to the control module and configured to detect a temperature of the wireless sensor and/or an ambient temperature.

20. The wireless sensor of claim 19, wherein the temperature sensor is integrated into the gesture detection module.

21. The wireless sensor of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication module further comprises an identification module configured to uniquely identify the wireless sensor.

22. The wireless sensor of claim 21, wherein the identity module is a removable/installable internet of things (Iot) -based Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card.

23. The wireless sensor of claim 21, wherein the identity module is an embedded subscriber identity module (eSIM).

24. The wireless sensor of claim 1, wherein the control module is further configured to:

and controlling the wireless communication module to report the current state of the wireless sensor to the outside according to the setting parameters in the wireless sensor.

25. The wireless sensor of claim 24, wherein the control module is further configured to:

and controlling the wireless communication module to report the current state of the wireless sensor to the outside periodically according to the report period according to a first setting parameter indicating the report period.

26. The wireless sensor of claim 24, wherein the control module is further configured to:

and controlling the attitude detection module to enter a corresponding working state according to a second setting parameter indicating the working state of the attitude detection module.

27. The wireless sensor of claim 26, wherein the control module is further configured to:

and under the condition that the attitude detection module enters a normal working state, responding to the fact that the attitude change detected by the attitude detection module exceeds an alarm threshold value corresponding to a third set parameter, and controlling the wireless communication module to send a geological change message indicating the geological change of the position where the wireless sensor is located to the outside.

28. The wireless sensor of claim 24, wherein the control module is further configured to:

controlling the wireless communication module to report the abnormal state of the wireless sensor to the outside in response to at least one of the following abnormalities determined according to one or more fourth setting parameters in the wireless sensor:

a temperature anomaly;

the electric quantity is abnormal;

a wireless signal quality anomaly; and

the attitude detection module is abnormal.

29. The wireless sensor of claim 28, wherein the control module is further configured to:

controlling the wireless communication module not to report the abnormal state of the wireless sensor to the outside continuously in response to at least one of the following abnormal clearance determined according to the setting parameters in the wireless sensor:

clearing the temperature abnormity;

clearing the abnormal electric quantity;

clearing the wireless signal quality abnormity; and

and (5) abnormal clearing of the attitude detection module.

30. The wireless sensor of claim 24, wherein said setting parameters are remotely settable by an external server.

31. The wireless sensor of claim 24, wherein the setting parameters comprise at least one of: the method comprises the following steps of equipment version, equipment restart mark, working mode, reporting period, acceleration alarm threshold, acceleration message binding number, alarm interval, high-temperature abnormal alarm threshold, high-temperature abnormal clearing threshold, low-temperature abnormal alarm threshold, low-temperature abnormal clearing threshold, wireless signal abnormal alarm threshold, wireless signal abnormal clearing threshold and electric quantity alarm threshold.

32. The wireless sensor of claim 1, wherein the geological change message comprises at least one of the following fields: communication protocol version, device identification code, timestamp, event type, message segment number, three axis displacement, three axis angle, power, and temperature.

33. The wireless sensor of claim 1, wherein the control module is further configured to reset the wireless sensor according to at least one of the following reset mechanisms:

a watchdog;

resetting in response to the wireless communication module failing to successfully register with the network within a predetermined time;

resetting in response to a failure of the wireless communication module to continuously communicate for a predetermined number of times; and

resetting in response to the number of times the wireless communication module does not receive the external message within the predetermined time exceeding the predetermined number of times.

34. The wireless sensor of claim 1, wherein said wireless communication module supports handing over communications between multiple carrier networks.

35. The wireless sensor of claim 1, wherein said wireless communication module supports simultaneous communication in multiple carrier networks.

36. The wireless sensor according to claim 1, wherein the housing has a slot therein for fixing a printed circuit board and/or a battery, and the posture detection module, the wireless communication module and the control module are disposed on the printed circuit board.

37. The wireless sensor of claim 11, wherein the housing has an opening on an outer surface for stringing.

38. The wireless sensor of claim 37, wherein the aperture is oriented parallel to an outer surface of the housing.

39. The wireless sensor of claim 38, wherein the housing has a boss on an outer surface thereof spaced from the cavity, and the aperture is provided in the boss.

40. The wireless sensor of claim 1, wherein the wireless sensor is capable of activating its operational state in response to a predetermined change in attitude.

41. The wireless sensor of claim 40, wherein the predetermined change in pose is: the change in orientation of the wireless sensor is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold angle.

42. The wireless sensor of claim 24, wherein after controlling the wireless communication module to periodically report the current state of the wireless sensor to the outside, the control module is further configured to:

controlling the wireless communicator module to be in an operating state for a predetermined time in preparation for receiving a message from an external server.

43. The wireless sensor of claim 16, wherein the supplemental anchor is further provided with a anchor integrally formed with the tip, the anchor configured to avoid wobbling of the wireless sensor when installed in soil.

44. The wireless sensor of claim 43, wherein said retainer portion has a flat rectangular shape with one side integrally formed with the widest of said tips.

45. A system for monitoring geological changes, comprising:

a plurality of wireless sensors according to any one of claims 1 to 44; and

a server communicatively coupled to the plurality of wireless sensors and configured to determine whether a geological change occurred or is to occur based on monitoring data received from at least one of the plurality of wireless sensors.

46. The system of claim 45, wherein the server is further configured to:

setting a setting parameter on the wireless sensor by sending a control message to at least one of the plurality of wireless sensors.

47. The system of claim 45, wherein the server is further configured to:

receiving an alert message from at least one of the plurality of wireless sensors; and

and executing corresponding alarm processing based on the alarm message.

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