CN111485421B - 一种耐晒增强型棉织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及纺织面料加工技术领域，公开了一种耐晒增强型棉织物及其制备方法，包括：(1)将原棉织物经果胶酶处理、等离子活化；(2)将处理后的棉织物浸渍于醋酸、醋酐和苯六甲酸的混酸溶液中，加入杂多酸催化剂和硫酸铈反应；(3)将反应后的棉织物进行紫外辐照，水洗烘干制得耐晒增强型棉织物。本发明棉织物力学性能大大增强，且在长期暴晒环境下仍能保持良好的力学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织面料加工技术领域，具体涉及一种耐晒增强型棉织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
棉织物又称棉布，是以棉纱为原料织造的织物。棉织物以优良的服用性能成为最常用的面料之一，广泛用于服装面料、装饰织物和产业用织物。但是普通棉织物长时间与日光接触，强力会显著降低，纤维会变硬变脆，最终发生崩解。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种耐晒增强型棉织物及其制备方法，该耐晒增强型棉织物的力学性能大大增强，在长期暴晒环境下仍能保持良好的力学性能。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种耐晒增强型棉织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.将棉织物利用果胶酶溶液处理后，水洗烘干，再用等离子活化；
S2.将步骤S1处理后的棉织物浸渍于醋酸、醋酐和苯六甲酸的混酸溶液中，加入杂多酸催化剂和硫酸铈进行反应；
S3.将步骤S2处理后的棉织物在氮气气氛下进行紫外辐照，水洗烘干。
优选的，步骤S1中，所述果胶酶溶液的浓度为15～30g/L，果胶酶比活力为25～200U/g，每克棉织物的果胶酶溶液用量为50～60mL。
优选的，步骤S1中，所述果胶酶溶液处理的温度为50～70℃，时间为20～30min。
优选的，步骤S1中，所述等离子活化的条件为：气体采用氨气，处理功率为250～350W，压强为50～70Pa，处理时间为20～30min。
优选的，步骤S2中，所述混酸溶液中醋酸、醋酐和苯六甲酸的用量比为100mL:(5～10)mL:(5～10)g，每克所述步骤S1处理后的棉织物的混酸溶液用量为30～80mL。
优选的，步骤S2中，所述杂多酸催化剂为H3PW12O40、H4SiW12O40和H3PMoW12O40中的任意一种，所述杂多酸催化剂的用量为每100mL混酸溶液中加入0.5～1g。
优选的，步骤S2中，所述硫酸铈的用量为每100mL混酸溶液中加入0.2～0.5g。
优选的，步骤S3中，所述紫外辐照波长为260～297nm，强度为300～500μW/cm2，辐照时间为5～10min。
本发明还提供了一种上述制备方法制备得到的耐晒增强型棉织物。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1)利用苯六甲酸作为交联剂，通过多种催化剂的联合效应，辅以紫外辐照催化，完成棉无定形区纤维素的完全交联，增重率达到50％以上，提高了其力学强度。
2)苯六甲酸引入棉织物中能够利用苯环吸收一部分紫外线，达到保护棉纤维的目的，使得棉织物在长期暴晒下仍然能够维持较好的力学性能。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明优选实施方案进行描述，但是应当理解，这些描述只是为了进一步说明本发明的特征和优点，而不是对本发明权利要求的限制。
本发明所有原料，对其来源没有特别限制，在市场上购买的或按照本领域技术人员熟知的常规方法制备的即可。
实施例1
1)将10g棉织物放入550mL比活力为125U/g，浓度为25g/L的果胶酶溶液中，60℃下充分浸渍25min后水洗烘干；再进行等离子活化，等离子活化条件为：气体采用氨气，处理功率为300W，压强为60Pa，处理时间为25min；
2)取200mL醋酸、16mL醋酐、14g苯六甲酸混合均匀制备成混酸溶液，再取2.00g步骤1)处理后的棉织物浸渍于120mL混酸溶液中，再加入0.96g杂多酸催化剂H4SiW12O40和0.48g硫酸铈充分反应；
3)将步骤2)处理后的棉织物在氮气气氛下进行紫外辐照，辐照波长为280nm，强度为400μW/cm2，辐照时间为8min；
4)将步骤3)处理后的棉织物水洗烘干制备得到3.16g棉织物A，增重率达到58.0％。
实施例2
1)将10g棉织物放入500mL比活力为25U/g，浓度为15g/L的果胶酶溶液中，50℃下充分浸渍20min后水洗烘干；再进行等离子活化，等离子活化条件为：气体采用氨气，处理功率为250W，压强为50Pa，处理时间为20min；
2)取200mL醋酸、10mL醋酐、10g苯六甲酸混合均匀制备成混酸溶液，再取2.00g步骤1)处理后的棉织物浸渍于60mL混酸溶液中，再加入0.3g杂多酸催化剂H3PW12O40和0.12g硫酸铈充分反应；
3)将步骤2)处理后的棉织物在氮气气氛下进行紫外辐照，辐照波长为260nm，强度为300μW/cm2，辐照时间为5min；
4)将步骤3)处理后的棉织物水洗烘干制备得到3.05g棉织物B，增重率达到52.5％。
实施例3
1)将10g棉织物放入600mL比活力为200U/g，浓度为30g/L的果胶酶溶液中，70℃下充分浸渍30min后水洗烘干；再进行等离子活化，等离子活化条件为：气体采用氨气，处理功率为350W，压强为70Pa，处理时间为30min；
2)取200mL醋酸、20mL醋酐、20g苯六甲酸混合均匀制备成混酸溶液，再取2.00g步骤1)处理后的棉织物浸渍于160mL混酸溶液中，再加入1.6g杂多酸催化剂H3PMOW12O40和0.8g硫酸铈充分反应；
3)将步骤2)处理后的棉织物在氮气气氛下进行紫外辐照，辐照波长为297nm，强度为500μW/cm2，辐照时间为10min；
4)将步骤3)处理后的棉织物水洗烘干制备得到3.07g棉织物C，增重率达到53.5％。
对比例1(该制备方法混酸中未加入苯六甲酸)
1)将10g棉织物放入550ml比活力为125U/g，浓度为25g/L的果胶酶溶液中，60℃下充分浸渍25min后水洗烘干；再进行等离子活化，等离子活化条件为：气体采用氨气，处理功率为300W，压强为60Pa，处理时间为25min；
2)取200mL醋酸、16mL醋酐混合均匀制备成混酸溶液，再取2.00g步骤1处理后的棉织物浸渍于120mL混酸溶液中，再加入0.96g杂多酸催化剂H4SiW12O40和0.48g硫酸铈充分反应；
3)将步骤2处理后的棉织物在氮气气氛下进行紫外辐照，辐照波长为280nm，强度为400μW/cm2，辐照时间为8min；
4)将步骤3处理后的棉织物水洗烘干制备得到2.55g棉织物D，增重率达到27.5％。
对比例2(该制备方法未加入杂多酸催化剂H4SiW12O40和硫酸铈反应)
1)将10g棉织物放入550ml比活力为125U/g，浓度为25g/L的果胶酶溶液中，60℃下充分浸渍25min后水洗烘干；再进行等离子活化，等离子活化条件为：气体采用氨气，处理功率为300W，压强为60Pa，处理时间为25min；
2)取200mL醋酸、16mL醋酐、14g苯六甲酸混合均匀制备成混酸溶液，再取2.00g步骤1处理后的棉织物浸渍于120mL混酸溶液中；
3)将步骤2处理后的棉织物在氮气气氛下进行紫外辐照，辐照波长为280nm，强度为400μW/cm2，辐照时间为8min；
4)将步骤3处理后的棉织物水洗烘干制备得到2.69g棉织物E，增重率达到34.5％。
对比例3(该制备方法未进行紫外辐照)
1)将10g棉织物放入550ml比活力为125U/g，浓度为25g/L的果胶酶溶液中，60℃下充分浸渍25min后水洗烘干；再进行等离子活化，等离子活化条件为：气体采用氨气，处理功率为300W，压强为60Pa，处理时间为25min；
2)取200mL醋酸、16mL醋酐、14g苯六甲酸混合均匀制备成混酸溶液，再取2.00g步骤1处理后的棉织物浸渍于120mL混酸溶液中，再加入0.96g杂多酸催化剂H4SiW12O40和0.48g硫酸铈充分反应；
3)将步骤2处理后的棉织物水洗烘干制备得到2.78g棉织物F，增重率达到39.0％。
测试例
利用Instron强力机对未处理棉织物、实施例1～3和对比例1～3得到的棉织物进行力学性能测试，测试条件为：拉伸速度100mm/min，夹距10mm，棉织物试样规格20cm×5cm。具体测试方法如下：
依据GB/T8427-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐人造光色牢度：氙弧》中的方法对织物进行一段时间(0h、12h和24h)暴晒，辐照强度(单位面积辐照功率)为42W/m2(波长为375±5nm)，然后测试棉织物的断裂强度、断裂伸长率，并计算拉伸模量，结果见表1。
表1棉织物力学性能测试结果
从表1可知，经本发明方法制备的棉织物力学性能大大加强，而且在紫外光暴晒条件下，仍能保持较好的力学性能，断裂强度为75MPa以上，断裂伸长率为22％以上，拉伸模量为300MPa以上。但是未处理的棉织物以及对比例棉织物经暴晒后，其力学性能显著下降。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点，对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (9)
1.一种耐晒增强型棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1.将棉织物利用果胶酶溶液处理后，水洗烘干，再用等离子活化；
S2.将步骤S1处理后的棉织物浸渍于醋酸、醋酐和苯六甲酸的混酸溶液中，加入杂多酸催化剂和硫酸铈进行反应；
S3.将步骤S2处理后的棉织物在氮气气氛下进行紫外辐照，水洗烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐晒增强型棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中，所述果胶酶溶液的浓度为15～30g/L，果胶酶比活力为25～200U/g，每克棉织物的果胶酶溶液用量为50～60mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐晒增强型棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中，所述果胶酶溶液处理的温度为50～70℃，时间为20～30min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐晒增强型棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中，所述等离子活化的条件为：气体采用氨气，处理功率为250～350W，压强为50～70Pa，处理时间为20～30min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐晒增强型棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，所述混酸溶液中醋酸、醋酐和苯六甲酸的用量比为100mL:(5～10)mL:(5～10)g，每克所述步骤S1处理后的棉织物的混酸溶液用量为30～80mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐晒增强型棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，所述杂多酸催化剂为H3PW12O40、H4SiW12O40和H3PMoW12O40中的任意一种，所述杂多酸催化剂的用量为每100mL混酸溶液中加入0.5～1g。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐晒增强型棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，所述硫酸铈的用量为每100mL混酸溶液中加入0.2～0.5g。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐晒增强型棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中，所述紫外辐照波长为260～297nm，强度为300～500μW/cm2，辐照时间为5～10min。
9.根据权利要求1～8任一项所述制备方法制备得到的耐晒增强型棉织物。
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