CN111484893A - Method for synchronously preparing fish roe essential oil and fish roe functional peptide - Google Patents
Method for synchronously preparing fish roe essential oil and fish roe functional peptide Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
- C11B9/025—Recovery by solvent extraction
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/06—Preparation of peptides or proteins produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing fish roe essential oil and fish roe functional peptide, which comprises the steps of crushing fish roe to obtain fish roe powder, and performing subcritical fluid extraction on the fish roe powder by using an extracting agent; separating the extractant after extraction is finished, and recovering the fish roe essential oil; removing the extractant from the fish roe residues, adding trypsin and collagenase for enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis liquid, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant; and (4) performing membrane filtration on the supernatant to obtain a filtrate, namely the fish roe functional peptide solution. The method can simultaneously extract the fish roe essential oil and the fish roe functional peptide, has simple steps and strong operability, is beneficial to high-valued utilization of resources by synchronous extraction, reduces the cost and enhances the product competitiveness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of separation and purification, and particularly relates to a method for preparing fish roe essential oil and fish roe functional peptide.
Background
China is a big country for processing aquatic products, and a large amount of fish byproducts such as fish scales, fish heads, internal organs and fish roes are generated in the fish processing process. These by-products are mainly used for the production of fish oil, fish meal, fertilizers, pet food and fish feed. It is reported that by-products in the ocean are the best source of health care products and functional food ingredients. At present, the utilization of fish skin, viscera and the like is high in value, and the utilization of fish roes is rarely reported.
Roe is a very important by-product in fish processing industry, and is rich in essential amino acids and fatty acids with high quality. It has been reported that fish roe contains protein in an amount of about 50-85% by dry weight and fat in an amount of about 8-32% by dry weight. The roe essential oil is unsaturated fatty acid in roe, is rich in DHA and EPA, and has effects of reducing inflammation reaction, reducing blood fat, and preventing cardiovascular disease. The fish roe functional peptide is a functional peptide mixture with a certain molecular weight range obtained by hydrolyzing fish roe protein with protease, and mainly comprises small molecular peptides with the molecular weight less than 1000 Da. The fish roe functional peptide not only can supplement amino acids required in vivo, but also has various physiological activities. However, at present, the essential oil and the protein are respectively extracted from the fish roes, and the extraction method is complex, so that the extraction cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing fish roe essential oil and fish roe functional peptide, thereby making up the defects of the prior art.
The method for preparing the fish roe essential oil and the fish roe functional peptide comprises the following steps:
1) crushing: crushing the fish roe to obtain fish roe powder;
2) subcritical extraction: performing subcritical fluid extraction on the roe powder prepared in the step 1) by using an extracting agent; separating the extractant after extraction is finished, and recovering the fish roe essential oil;
the extractant is an extractant which is allowed to be used in the food industry such as butane and the like;
the extraction is carried out for 45min at the temperature of 45 DEG C
3) Enzymolysis: removing the extractant from the fish roe residues in the step 2), adding trypsin and collagenase for enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis liquid, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant;
wherein the adding amount ratio of the trypsin to the collagenase in the homogenate is 1: 50-5: 1;
preferably, the enzyme activity ratio of the trypsin to the collagenase is 1: 10;
one of the enzymolysis conditions is enzymolysis for 3 to 5 hours at the temperature of between 35 and 55 ℃;
the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 6000-12000 rpm;
4) membrane filtration: and (3) performing membrane filtration on the supernatant prepared in the step 3), and obtaining a filtrate, namely the fish roe functional peptide solution.
The membrane separation in the step 4) is performed by using a 3500Da membrane, and then using a 360Da membrane.
The method can simultaneously extract the fish roe essential oil and the fish roe functional peptide, has simple steps and strong operability, is beneficial to high-valued utilization of resources by synchronous extraction, reduces the cost and enhances the product competitiveness.
Drawings
FIG. 1: a graph of a standard for polypeptide molecular weight;
FIG. 2: molecular weight distribution of the fish roe functional peptide.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
weighing 100g of dried yellow croaker roe, crushing by using a crusher, putting the crushed yellow croaker roe into a filter cloth bag, putting the filter cloth bag into a subcritical fluid extraction laboratory complete equipment extraction tank, adding butane into the filter cloth bag to submerge the filter cloth bag, extracting for 45min at the temperature of 45 ℃, separating an extracting agent, and recovering roe essential oil, wherein the yield is 19.87%. Removing butane from the roe residues, adding 1000ml of distilled water, adding 3g of trypsin and collagenase (enzyme activity ratio of 1:10), carrying out enzymolysis for 5h at 50 ℃, heating to 90 ℃ to inactivate enzyme after the enzymolysis is finished, centrifuging the enzymolysis liquid, collecting supernatant, separating the supernatant by using a membrane filter instrument to obtain a roe functional peptide solution of 360Da-3500Da, concentrating the solution to 1/10 of the original volume, and carrying out spray drying to obtain 30.98g of roe functional peptide, wherein the yield is 30.98%.
Example 2:
weighing 500g of dried roe, crushing by using a crusher, putting the crushed roe into a filter cloth bag, putting the filter cloth bag into an extraction tank of subcritical fluid extraction laboratory complete equipment, adding butane to submerge the filter cloth bag, extracting for 45min at the temperature of 45 ℃, separating an extracting agent, and recovering roe essential oil, wherein the yield is 20.37%. Removing butane from the roe residues, adding 1000ml of distilled water, adding 20g of trypsin and collagenase (enzyme activity ratio of 1:10), carrying out enzymolysis for 5h at 50 ℃, heating to 90 ℃ to inactivate enzyme after the enzymolysis is finished, centrifuging the enzymolysis liquid, collecting supernatant, separating the supernatant by using a membrane filter instrument to obtain a roe functional peptide solution of 360Da-3500Da, concentrating the solution to 1/10 of the original volume, and carrying out vacuum reduced pressure drying to obtain 137.72g of roe functional peptide, wherein the yield is 27.54%.
Example 3:
weighing 1000g of dried roe, crushing by using a crusher, putting the crushed roe into a filter cloth bag, putting the filter cloth bag into an extraction tank of subcritical fluid extraction laboratory complete equipment, adding butane to submerge the filter cloth bag, extracting for 45min at the temperature of 45 ℃, separating an extracting agent, and recovering roe essential oil, wherein the yield is 22.19%. Removing butane from the roe residues, adding 1000ml of distilled water, adding 30g of trypsin and collagenase (enzyme activity ratio of 1:10), carrying out enzymolysis for 5h at 50 ℃, heating to 90 ℃ to inactivate enzyme after the enzymolysis is finished, centrifuging the enzymolysis liquid, collecting supernatant, separating the supernatant by using a membrane filter instrument to obtain a roe functional peptide solution of 360Da-3500Da, concentrating the solution to 1/10 of the original volume, and carrying out freeze drying to obtain 263.31g of roe functional peptide, wherein the yield is 26.33%.
Example 4: research on fish roe essential oil and fish roe functional peptide
Determination of DHA and EPA contents in fish roe essential oil
According to the first method in the national standard (GB5009.168-2016), DHA and EPA in the roe essential oil of example 1 are detected, and the experimental result shows that the DHA content (g/100g) and the EPA content (g/100g) in the roe essential oil are respectively 13.4 and 4.35.
II, analyzing the molecular weight distribution of the fish roe functional peptide
The work of preparing the fish roe in the example 1 is determined according to the method of the national standard (GB/T22729-As shown in FIG. 1, the molecular weight of the active peptide is determined by using cytochrome C (12384Da), aprotinin (6512Da), bacitranase (1423Da), ethyl-casein-arginine (451Da) and ethyl-glycine (189Da) as standard substances, and establishing a standard curve to obtain a standard curve of retention time and molecular weight logarithm value, wherein the equation is y-0.2678 x +7.4913(R is-0.2678 x + 7.4913)20.974). According to the method of the standard curve, the molecular weight distribution of the fish roe functional peptide is analyzed, as shown in figure 2, the fish roe functional peptide with the molecular weight of less than 3500Da accounts for 90.34%.
Third, analysis of nutritive value of fish roe functional peptide
Nutritional value analysis was performed on the functional peptide of fish roe prepared in example 1.
① Essential Amino Acid (EAA) content to total amino acid amount (TAA) the ratio (E/N) of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) is calculated as follows:
② amino acid evaluation index according to WHO/FAO/UNU 1985 recommended amino acid scoring mode[5]The adult group scoring mode was selected to calculate the essential Amino Acid Score (AAS) and Chemical Score (CS) in roe functional peptides according to the following formula.
The lowest overall tryptophan score among the functional fish roe peptides, which is the first limiting amino acid of the functional fish roe peptides, is obtained from table 1. WHO/FAO/UNU recommended the AAS of adults to be 100, i.e., the closer AAS and CS are to 100, the higher the nutritional value of the tested protein sample is. Except tryptophan, the AAS of other amino acids in the fish roe functional peptide is higher than 100, which shows that the fish roe active peptide has higher nutritional value.
TABLE 1 evaluation index of fish roe functional peptide amino acid
The results of the examination of the functional peptides prepared in examples 2 and 3 were similar to those of example 1, indicating that the prepared functional peptides of fish roe had similar effects.
Fourthly, the fish roe functional peptide improves the memory function
The fish roe functional peptide prepared in example 1 was evaluated for improving memory function.
4.1 Effect of functional peptide of roe on escape latency and number of times of platform crossing of rat with scopolamine induced dysmnesia
The water maze experiment result shows that the escape latency of rats in the model group is obviously prolonged compared with that of the control group, the escape latency of the high-dose group of the fish roe functional peptide is obviously smaller than that of the model group (P is less than 0.01) compared with that of the model group, and the escape latency of the medium-dose group is smaller than that of the model group (P is less than 0.05). The platform is removed on the 5 th day of the experiment, the space exploration capacity of each group of rats is observed, and the result shows that the number of times of crossing the platform is obviously reduced (P <01) when the rats in the model group are compared with the rats in the control group, which indicates that the learning and memory capacity is declined; compared with the model group, the times of crossing the platform of the high-dose group of the fish roe functional peptide are increased (P is less than 0.01), and the times of crossing the platform of the medium-dose group and the low-dose group are higher than those of the model group, but the statistical significance is avoided, so that the treatment group can improve the memory capacity of the rat with the scopolamine induced dysmnesia (Table 2).
Table 2: influence of roe functional peptide on avoiding latency and cross-platform times of AD rats (x soil s)
Note: p <005 compared to model group (scopolamine).
2.2 Effect of the functional peptide of roe on learning and memory ability of rat with presenile dementia caused by scopolamine
As shown in table 3, in the study result experiment, compared with the control group, the response time of the rat is significantly prolonged, the number of errors is significantly increased, which indicates that the study result of the mouse is reduced, and the difference has statistical significance (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the treatment groups have shorter response time, less error times and statistical significance of difference (P < 0.01). Compared with the positive drug group, the high-dose group has the advantages that the reaction time is shortened, the error frequency is increased, the difference has statistical significance (P <0.05), compared with the low-dose group, the reaction time is obviously shortened, the error frequency is reduced, the statistical significance (P <0.05) is realized, the high-dose group and the low-dose group show that the treatment groups can improve the study capacity of the platform jumping experiment of the Alzheimer's disease rats, and the fish roe functional peptide is in a remarkable dose-effect relationship in the aspect of improving the latency time. In the memory capacity experiment, compared with a control group, the latency time of a rat is obviously shortened, the error frequency is obviously increased, the memory performance is reduced, and the difference has statistical significance (P is less than 0.01); compared with the model group, the treatment groups have prolonged latency and reduced error frequency, and the difference has statistical significance (P <0.01), compared with the positive drug group, the high dose group has prolonged latency and obviously reduced error frequency, the difference has statistical significance (P <005), compared with the low dose group, the high dose group has obviously reduced error frequency, but the difference has no statistical significance.
Table 3: comparison table of learning and memory ability of rats in each group (x + -s)
Note: p <0.05 compared to model group (scopolamine).
The experimental results show that each treatment group can improve the diving platform memory performance of the Alzheimer's disease rats and has a dose-effect relationship trend in increasing the latent time.
The function of the fish roe functional peptides prepared in other examples in the specification of the invention is detected, and the fish roe functional peptides prepared by the invention have similar effect of improving the memory function.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing fish roe essential oil and fish roe functional peptide, which comprises the following steps:
1) crushing: crushing the fish roe to obtain fish roe powder;
2) subcritical extraction: performing subcritical fluid extraction on the roe powder prepared in the step 1) by using an extracting agent; separating the extractant after extraction is finished, and recovering the fish roe essential oil;
3) enzymolysis: removing the extractant from the fish roe residues in the step 2), adding trypsin and collagenase for enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis liquid, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant;
4) membrane filtration: and (3) performing membrane filtration on the supernatant prepared in the step 3), and obtaining a filtrate, namely the fish roe functional peptide solution.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the extraction in 2) is at 45 ℃.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the extractant is an extractant used in the food industry.
4. The method of claim 1 or 3, wherein the extractant is butane.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the trypsin and collagenase in 3) are added in a ratio of 1:50 to 5:1 in the homogenate.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the trypsin and collagenase in 3) are added in a ratio of 1:10 in the homogenate.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the enzymolysis condition in 3) is enzymolysis at 35-55 ℃ for 3-5 h.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the centrifugation in 3) is 6000-12000 rpm.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the membrane separation in 4) is a separation with 3500Da membrane, followed by 360Da membrane.
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