CN111474173A - Method and system for determining transparent mineral protrusion grade in rock and application - Google Patents
Method and system for determining transparent mineral protrusion grade in rock and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN111474173A CN111474173A CN202010338677.1A CN202010338677A CN111474173A CN 111474173 A CN111474173 A CN 111474173A CN 202010338677 A CN202010338677 A CN 202010338677A CN 111474173 A CN111474173 A CN 111474173A
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052655 plagioclase feldspar Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052651 microcline Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052652 orthoclase Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of identification of transparent minerals in rocks, and relates to a method, a system and application for determining the grade of a transparent mineral bulge in a rock, wherein the method comprises the following steps: finding out the mineral to be detected from the rock slice under an orthogonal polarization microscope; placing the mineral to be detected in the center of a cross under orthogonal polarization to enable the contact edge of the mineral to be detected and Canadian gum to form an angle of 45 degrees with the upward polarization direction; pulling the lower polarizer open to enable the incident light to completely penetrate through the minerals and enter the visual field along the vertical direction, pushing the lower polarizer into the visual field, and shielding two thirds of the incident light by using the lower polarizer; if the mineral protrusion to be detected is higher than the gum, the protrusion is a positive protrusion, otherwise, the protrusion is a negative protrusion; and comparing the mineral to be detected with the known mineral by referring to the method to determine the protrusion grade. The identification method provided by the invention does not need to search for the Beckline; the operation method is simple, the mineral protrusion grade can be accurately, quickly and visually determined, the mineral type can be determined, and a basis can be provided for regional geological survey.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a method for determining the protrusion grade of transparent minerals in rocks, in particular to a method for determining the protrusion grade of a rock slice under an orthogonal polarization microscope, and belongs to the technical field of identification of the transparent minerals in the rocks.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The mineral composition in the rock is determined at present, and the transparent mineral can be identified under a rock slice microscope; identifying a rock optical thin slice electronic probe; the clay mineral can be determined by scanning electron microscope. The latter needs to be equipped with large-scale equipment and instruments, and is not suitable for implementation. It is more common to identify mineral compositions using polarizing microscopy. Is also the most basic identification method in the geological industry.
There are various methods for identifying the composition of transparent minerals by using a polarizing microscope, and the type of minerals is generally determined by taking into consideration the crystal form, pleochromism, interference color, protrusion, cleavage, alteration characteristics, and the like of the minerals. However, for two or more kinds of talon-shaped granular crystal forms with fine mineral grain size, the mineral (such as quartz and feldspar minerals) which has no pleochromism, no cleavage, smooth surface, no alteration and similar interference colors is judged by using the protrusion grade, and the judgment is often an effective method for distinguishing the mineral types.
Mineral protrusion is determined by the movement of the shell thread. The beck line becomes extra clear by first finding the contact between the mineral to be identified and the canadian gum, reducing the aperture, reducing the divergence of the incident light, and darkening the field of view (figure 1). Then, slowly rotating the coarse movement screw or the fine movement screw to lower the object platform (or lift the lens cone), and if the beck line moves towards the mineral, the mineral is a positive bulge; conversely, if the beck line moves towards the canadian gum, the mineral is a negative protrusion (fig. 2).
Although the direction of movement of the beck line is a common method for judging the protrusion, when the refractive index of the mineral is greatly different from that of the adjacent medium, the sheet is thick or cleavage of the mineral develops, a bright line may be generated near the edge of the sheet. When the lens barrel is lifted or lowered, the moving direction of the lens barrel is opposite to the Beck line, and the bright line is called a pseudo-Beck line (figure 3). The pseudobucks are caused by the reflection or internal reflection of light at the interface of two substances. This situation will directly lead to misjudgment of the protrusion grade and thus to misidentification of the mineral composition.
The identification of mineral composition in the rock has important guiding function for regional geological survey, metal and nonmetal mineral mineralization research and the like, and has direct influence on the quality of geological research work. The quality of the rock and ore identification level and the quality of the identification result influence the deep research degree of geological work to a certain extent and even influence the precision and accuracy of geological results. In conclusion, if the false beck line appears, the mineral composition identification error can be directly caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above problems, the present invention provides a method for determining the grade of a transparent mineral protrusion, especially a method for determining the grade of a mineral protrusion under an orthogonal polarization microscope.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of determining the level of transparent mineral lumps in rock, comprising:
finding out the mineral to be detected from the rock slice under an orthogonal polarization microscope;
placing the mineral to be detected in the center of a cross under orthogonal polarization to enable the contact edge of the mineral to be detected and Canadian gum to form an angle of 45 degrees with the upward polarization direction;
pulling the lower polarizer open to enable the incident light to completely penetrate through the minerals and enter the visual field along the vertical direction, pushing the lower polarizer into the visual field, and shielding two thirds of the incident light by using the lower polarizer;
if the mineral protrusion to be detected is higher than the gum, the protrusion is a positive protrusion, otherwise, the protrusion is a negative protrusion;
and comparing the mineral to be detected with the known mineral by referring to the method to determine the protrusion grade.
In the same rock slice, the surfaces of the minerals are virtually in the same plane, so that the visual sense of high and low unevenness is given to the people because the refractive indexes of the minerals and the gum are different, the light rays are refracted and totally reflected, the light rays on one side of the contact interface are relatively reduced to form a darker edge, and the light rays on the other side of the contact interface are relatively increased to be bright. The light rays passing through the shielding 2/3 can block the light rays with larger gradient, so that the bright and dark edges of the contact interface are more obvious, and the uneven feeling of the surface of the mineral is generated.
The research finds that: by adopting the method, the mineral protrusion grade can be rapidly and accurately determined under the orthogonal polarization microscope, the mineral protrusion grade can be visually determined, the mineral type can be determined, and a basis can be provided for regional geological survey.
In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a system for determining the level of transparent mineral lumps in rock, comprising: grinding a tool and an orthogonal polarizing microscope; the cross polarization microscope is used as described above.
The system has simple structure and convenient combination, and can well meet the requirement of rapidly identifying the mineral types by matching with the method.
In a third aspect of the invention, the application of the system in regional geological investigation and metal and nonmetal mineral mining research is provided.
The identification method of the invention does not need to search for the Becker line; the method can accurately, quickly and intuitively determine the mineral protrusion grade and the mineral type, and is expected to be widely applied to regional geological survey and the research of mineral formation of metal and nonmetal minerals.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the identification method provided by the invention does not need to search for the Beckline; the operation method is simple, the mineral protrusion grade can be accurately, quickly and visually determined, the mineral type can be determined, and a basis can be provided for regional geological survey.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a prior art Becker line;
FIG. 2 is a prior art movement of the line of Becklines towards Canadian gums;
FIG. 3 is a prior art pseudo-Beck line;
FIG. 4 is the mineral surface projections observed in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the surface projections of the mineral observed in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
A method of determining the grade of transparent mineral protrusion in rock, comprising:
finding out the mineral to be detected from the rock slice under an orthogonal polarization microscope;
placing the mineral to be detected in the center of a cross under orthogonal polarization to enable the contact edge of the mineral to be detected and Canadian gum to form an angle of 45 degrees with the upward polarization direction;
pulling the lower polarizer open to enable the incident light to completely penetrate through the minerals and enter the visual field along the vertical direction, pushing the lower polarizer into the visual field, and shielding two thirds of the incident light by using the lower polarizer;
if the mineral protrusion to be detected is higher than the gum, the protrusion is a positive protrusion, otherwise, the protrusion is a negative protrusion;
and comparing the mineral to be detected with the known mineral by referring to the method to determine the protrusion grade.
The research finds that: in the same rock slice, the surfaces of the minerals are virtually in the same plane, so that the visual sense of high and low unevenness is given to the people because the refractive indexes of the minerals and the gum are different, the light rays are refracted and totally reflected, the light rays on one side of the contact interface are relatively reduced to form a darker edge, and the light rays on the other side of the contact interface are relatively increased to be bright. The light rays passing through the shielding 2/3 can block the light rays with larger gradient, so that the bright and dark edges of the contact interface are more obvious, and the uneven feeling of the surface of the mineral is generated.
In some embodiments, the mineral to be tested satisfies the following characteristics:
1) contacting the edge of the mineral part to be detected with Canadian gum;
2) the edge of the mineral part to be measured is contacted with the known mineral. So as to obtain better imaging effect and accurately distinguish the projection grade.
For different types of rock conditions, in some embodiments, the minerals to be detected which meet the requirements of the characteristics 1) and 2) are used as the same mineral particles; in some embodiments, the minerals to be detected which satisfy the characteristics 1) and 2) are not the same mineral particle; in actual work, the method can be selected according to the concrete situation of the rock, so that the method is more universal.
In some embodiments, the rock laminate has a thickness of 0.03mm and can be ground to a standard thickness of 0.03mm by interference color observation.
Currently used zeiss microscopes have magnifications of 25, 50, 100, 200, 500. The research of the application finds that: the observation is clearly visible at 50 times, 100 times, but not easily at 25 times or 200 times. Thus, in some embodiments, viewing is under a 5-fold or 10-fold objective lens, i.e.: the uneven projections of the mineral can be clearly observed under 50-100 times magnification.
The specific type of the mineral to be detected is not particularly limited in the present application, and in some embodiments, the mineral to be detected is a quartz or feldspar mineral; further, the feldspar mineral group includes: orthoclase, plagioclase, microcline, striate.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and not limiting.
Example 1:
a method for determining the grade of transparent mineral protrusion, especially the grade of transparent mineral protrusion under cross-polarization microscope.
Which comprises the following steps:
finding out a mineral to be detected by a medium-fine particle igneous rock slice (the diameter of a mineral particle is more than 0.5mm) with the ground thickness of 0.03mm under an orthogonal polarization microscope;
the mineral to be tested should satisfy the following characteristics:
1. contacting the edge of the mineral part to be detected with Canadian gum;
2. contacting the edge of the mineral part to be detected with the known mineral;
in this example, the mineral to be tested is partially in edge contact with the gum and partially in edge contact with the known mineral quartz. And determining the protrusion grade of the mineral to be detected by observing the protrusion height of the mineral to be detected relative to the gum and the quartz, thereby determining the mineral type.
Observation under a 10-fold objective lens:
the selected mineral to be detected is placed in the center of the cross hair under orthogonal polarization, the objective table is rotated, the contact edge of the mineral to be detected and Canadian gum forms an angle of 45 degrees with the upward polarization direction (namely the vertical direction), the lower polarizer is pulled open, the incident light completely penetrates through the mineral to enter the visual field along the vertical direction, the incident light is slowly pushed into the lower polarizer, two thirds of the incident light is shielded by the lower polarizer, at the moment, the incident light is weakened, and the incident light is not emitted from the central part of the condenser but is emitted along the edge which is not shielded by the lower polarizer. At this time, the surface of the mineral with the raised height can be clearly observed under a microscope, and the image is more stereoscopic (figure 4).
Observing the contact part of the mineral to be detected and the gum, wherein the protrusion of the mineral to be detected is slightly higher than the gum, so that the mineral to be detected is a positive protrusion;
in the same way as the above steps, the contact part of the mineral to be measured and the quartz is observed, so that the projection of the mineral to be measured is clearly observed to be lower than the quartz, and therefore the mineral with the normal low projection can be judged to be plagioclase (fig. 4).
Example 2:
a method for determining the grade of transparent mineral protrusion, especially the grade of transparent mineral protrusion under cross-polarization microscope.
Which comprises the following steps:
finding out a mineral to be detected by a medium-fine particle igneous rock slice (the diameter of a mineral particle is more than 0.5mm) with the ground thickness of 0.03mm under an orthogonal polarization microscope;
the mineral to be tested should satisfy the following characteristics:
1. contacting the edge of the mineral part to be detected with Canadian gum;
2. contacting the edge of the mineral part to be detected with the known mineral;
in the present example, two adjacent mineral particles are considered to belong to the same kind of mineral particles as distinguished from crystal form and interference color, but they can be clearly distinguished by observation of the protrusion.
Observation under a 10-fold objective lens:
the selected mineral to be detected is placed in the center of the cross hair under orthogonal polarization, the objective table is rotated, the contact edge of the mineral to be detected and Canadian gum forms an angle of 45 degrees with the upward polarization direction (namely the vertical direction), the lower polarizer is pulled open, the incident light completely penetrates through the mineral to enter the visual field along the vertical direction, the incident light is slowly pushed into the lower polarizer, two thirds of the incident light is shielded by the lower polarizer, at the moment, the incident light is weakened, and the incident light is not emitted from the central part of the condenser but is emitted along the edge which is not shielded by the lower polarizer. At the moment, the surface bumps of the mineral can be clearly observed under a microscope, and the image is more stereoscopic. If the mineral protrusion to be measured is higher than the gum, the protrusion is a positive protrusion, otherwise, the protrusion is a negative protrusion.
Comparing the two minerals to be measured with the gum respectively in the same step, wherein the protrusion of one mineral particle is higher than the gum and belongs to positive protrusion, and the protrusion of the other mineral particle is lower than the gum and belongs to negative protrusion.
In the same way as the above steps, the mineral to be measured is compared with the known mineral, so that the protrusion grade of the mineral to be measured can be determined, and the mineral type can be determined (fig. 5).
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of determining the level of transparent mineral projections in rock, comprising:
finding out the mineral to be detected from the rock slice under an orthogonal polarization microscope;
placing the mineral to be detected in the center of a cross under orthogonal polarization to enable the contact edge of the mineral to be detected and Canadian gum to form an angle of 45 degrees with the upward polarization direction;
pulling the lower polarizer open to enable the incident light to completely penetrate through the minerals and enter the visual field along the vertical direction, pushing the lower polarizer into the visual field, and shielding two thirds of the incident light by using the lower polarizer;
if the mineral protrusion to be detected is higher than the gum, the protrusion is a positive protrusion, otherwise, the protrusion is a negative protrusion;
and comparing the mineral to be detected with the known mineral by referring to the method to determine the protrusion grade.
2. A method of determining the level of transparent mineral protrusion in rock according to claim 1, wherein the mineral to be tested satisfies the following characteristics:
1) contacting the edge of the mineral part to be detected with Canadian gum;
2) the edge of the mineral part to be measured is contacted with the known mineral.
3. The method for determining the grade of transparent mineral protrusion in rock as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mineral to be measured satisfying the characteristics 1) and 2) is the same mineral particle.
4. A method of determining the level of transparent mineral protrusion in rock as claimed in claim 2, wherein the minerals to be tested which meet the characteristics 1), 2) are not the same mineral particle.
5. A method of determining the grade of a transparent mineral protrusion in rock according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the rock film is 0.03 mm.
6. A method of determining the grade of a transparent mineral protrusion in rock according to claim 1, wherein the observation is made under a 5-fold or 10-fold objective lens.
7. A method of determining the level of transparent mineral protrusion in rock according to claim 1, wherein the mineral to be tested is a quartz or feldspar type mineral.
8. A method of determining the level of transparent mineral projection in rock according to claim 7, wherein the feldspar type mineral includes: orthoclase, plagioclase, microcline, striate.
9. A system for determining the level of transparent mineral protrusion in rock, comprising: grinding a tool and an orthogonal polarizing microscope; the method of using the cross polarization microscope is the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the system of claim 9 in regional geological surveys and in the mining of metallic and non-metallic minerals.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112050756A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-08 | 南通大学 | Rock ore slice and resin target surface flatness recognition processing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112050756B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-05-06 | 南通大学 | Rock ore slice and resin target surface flatness recognition processing method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN111474173B (en) | 2022-12-16 |
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