CN111472822B - Approximate-ellipse-shaped small-collapse-ratio treatment structure of shallow tunnel and construction method - Google Patents
Approximate-ellipse-shaped small-collapse-ratio treatment structure of shallow tunnel and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111472822B CN111472822B CN202010477281.5A CN202010477281A CN111472822B CN 111472822 B CN111472822 B CN 111472822B CN 202010477281 A CN202010477281 A CN 202010477281A CN 111472822 B CN111472822 B CN 111472822B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating and constructing a shallow tunnel approximate elliptical small collapse part, which comprises the following steps: step one, spraying concrete on the peripheral wall in the approximately elliptical small collapse area to form a first-spraying anchor supporting protective wall. Step two, sticking a vertical formwork with the four peripheral walls of an approximately elliptical small-collapse area on a deposited pond mud layer, and binding a lower-layer reinforcing mesh circumferentially around the periphery of the vertical formwork on the inner side of the vertical formwork; a plurality of vertical advanced grouting small guide pipes are fixed on the lower layer steel bar net in a circumferential direction at intervals. And grouting to form a lower-layer approximately elliptical spiral reinforced concrete structure. And step three, erecting a mold on the artificial soil filling layer, and binding an upper reinforcing mesh around the mold. The upper part of each advanced grouting small conduit is grouted to form an approximately elliptical spiral reinforced concrete structure. And step four, backfilling the small-collapse area which is approximately elliptical. The construction method adopts an approximately elliptical compass reinforced concrete structure with an upper layer and a lower layer to resist the soil pressure of the surrounding soil body and ensure the stability of a collapse area.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel disaster treatment, and particularly relates to an approximately elliptical small collapse treatment structure of a shallow tunnel and a construction method.
[ background of the invention ]
Shallow tunnel adopts open cut then backfill to deal with small collapse generally, namely clear up the area of collapse earlier, backfill after the tunnel supporting construction is done. The treatment method is feasible for the soil layer with better soil quality, but the applicability of the artificial soil filling layer and the sediment pond sludge distributed on the top of the tunnel from top to bottom in sequence for the mud pond with hard upper and soft lower strata such as the tunnel penetrating and depositing for many years is uncertain. The collapse area may also cause the tunnel to collapse again at a later stage when the deposited pond sludge is not properly softened by water. Therefore, it is necessary to take some special structural structures to fix soil and cure the root cause in the approximate elliptical collapse area of the top of the shallow tunnel with hard top and soft bottom, and a novel safe, quick and effective treatment structure and construction method for small collapse are urgently found.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide a method for treating a shallow tunnel approximate-ellipse-shaped small collapse area, which adopts an upper-layer and lower-layer approximate-ellipse-shaped reinforced concrete structure, connects the upper-layer and lower-layer structures together through small guide pipes which are vertically distributed and used for advanced grouting, resists the soil pressure of the surrounding soil body and ensures the stability of a collapse area.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a shallow tunnel approximate ellipse small collapse treatment construction method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a plurality of vertical early strength mortar anchor rods are applied at intervals on the peripheral wall of an approximately elliptical small-collapse area; and then spraying concrete towards the periphery wall to form the first-spraying anchor supporting protection wall.
And geology of the approximately elliptical small-collapse area is distributed into an artificial filling layer and a sediment pond mud layer from top to bottom.
Step two, sticking a vertical formwork around the periphery of the deposited pond mud layer, which is close to the periphery wall of the elliptical small-collapse area, and binding a lower layer of reinforcing mesh around the periphery of the vertical formwork on the inner side of the vertical formwork; a plurality of vertical advanced grouting small guide pipes are fixed on the lower layer steel bar net in an annular mode at intervals in a circle, the upper end of each advanced grouting small guide pipe penetrates out of the upper artificial soil filling area, and the lower end of each advanced grouting small guide pipe is arranged at the bottom of the collapse area.
And (3) grouting the upper part of each advanced grouting small conduit to pour concrete between the lower layer reinforcing mesh and the annular template, and solidifying to form the lower layer approximate elliptical reinforced concrete structure with the ring.
And step three, adhering four peripheral walls of the approximately elliptical small collapse area to the artificial filling layer, vertically erecting a formwork around the periphery of the artificial filling layer, binding an upper reinforcing mesh layer around the inner side of the formwork and the outer side of the small advanced grouting guide pipe in a circumferential mode, and fixing the small advanced grouting guide pipe and the upper reinforcing mesh layer.
And (3) grouting the upper part of each advanced grouting small conduit to pour concrete between the upper layer reinforcing mesh and the annular template in the artificial filling layer, and solidifying to form an approximately elliptical upper layer reinforced concrete structure.
And step four, backfilling the small-collapse area which is approximately elliptical.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: and constructing primary support under the tunnel top of the tunnel in the collapse area, and grouting between the primary support and the backfill soil.
Further, the upper layer approximate elliptical ring reinforced concrete structure and the lower layer approximate elliptical ring reinforced concrete structure are in the corresponding layers and are at 1/3 height in the corresponding layers.
Furthermore, the distance between two adjacent small pipes for advanced grouting is 15-30 cm.
Further, in the first step, the distance between two adjacent anchor rods for applying the early strength mortar is 20-40 cm.
The invention also discloses an approximate elliptical small collapse prescription treatment structure of the shallow tunnel, which comprises the following components: the upper-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure and the lower-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure are arranged at an upper interval and a lower interval, the outer side walls of the upper-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure and the lower-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure are fixed with a plurality of vertical advanced grouting small guide pipes at intervals around the outer side walls; an upper layer reinforcing mesh and a lower layer reinforcing mesh which are consistent with the shapes of the upper layer approximate elliptical ring reinforced concrete structure and the lower layer approximate elliptical ring reinforced concrete structure are respectively arranged in the upper layer approximate elliptical ring reinforced concrete structure and the lower layer approximate elliptical ring reinforced concrete structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the upper and lower layers of approximate elliptical reinforced concrete structures are connected together through the vertically distributed small advanced grouting conduits, so that the soil pressure of the surrounding soil body is resisted, and the stability of a collapse area is ensured. 2. And grouting is carried out through the reserved grouting holes, so that the cavity behind the tunnel back is guaranteed to be densely filled.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a small collapse area with hard top and soft bottom of a shallow tunnel.
Fig. 2 is a view of a shallow tunnel approximate ellipse small collapse treatment structure.
Wherein: A. a small collapse square area; B. artificial soil filling; C. depositing a pond sludge layer; 1. a small conduit for advanced grouting; 2, the upper layer is of an approximately elliptical spiral reinforced concrete structure; 3. the lower layer is of an approximately elliptical spiral reinforced concrete structure.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The approximately elliptical small-collapse-ratio treatment construction method for the shallow tunnel is suitable for the following working conditions that the shallow tunnel penetrates through a deposited mud pond for many years, the upper portion of the mud pond is distributed with an artificial filling soil layer, and the shallow tunnel belongs to a typical upper hard and lower soft stratum. In the scheme, the approximately elliptical small collapse area A has no strict size requirement, and the opening of the collapse area is generally about 2m and the collapse within 2m, which is called the small collapse area.
As shown in fig. 1, the construction method is as follows:
firstly, a plurality of vertical early strength mortar anchor rods are applied at intervals on the peripheral wall of an approximately elliptical small-collapse square area A; and then spraying concrete towards the periphery wall to form the first-spraying anchor supporting protection wall.
The geology of the approximately elliptical small collapse area is distributed from top to bottom as follows: an artificial filling layer B and a sedimentation pond mud layer C.
Before the first implementation step, firstly, the collapsed soil is cleaned in the shallow tunnel, whether the primary support under the top of the tunnel in the collapsed area follows up in time is checked, and the primary support is immediately followed up for construction.
The number of the vertical early-strength mortar anchor rods and the distance between every two adjacent anchor rods are determined according to the geological conditions of a collapse area. If the sludge around the small collapse area A has large water content and is in a fluid state, the distance between two adjacent early strength mortar anchor rods needs to be reduced, and even two adjacent early strength mortar anchor rods are attached to resist the sludge.
Step two, sticking a vertical formwork around the periphery of the deposition pond mud layer C, which is close to the peripheral wall of the elliptical small collapse area A, and binding a lower layer of reinforcing mesh circumferentially around the periphery of the vertical formwork on the inner side of the vertical formwork; a plurality of vertical advanced grouting small guide pipes 1 are fixed on the lower layer steel bar net in a circumferential direction at intervals, and the upper ends of the advanced grouting small guide pipes 1 penetrate through the upper artificial soil filling layer B area; the lower end is arranged at the bottom of the collapse area; the distance between two adjacent small pipes for advanced grouting is 15-30 cm.
And (3) grouting the upper part of each advanced grouting small conduit 1 to pour concrete between the lower layer reinforcing mesh and the annular template, and solidifying to form the lower layer approximate elliptical reinforced concrete structure 3.
And step three, adhering the artificial soil filling layer B to the peripheral walls of the approximately elliptical small collapse area A, vertically erecting a mold around the periphery of the artificial soil filling layer B, enabling the bottom of the artificial soil filling layer B to be in contact with the top of the erecting mold in the sediment pond mud layer C, binding an upper reinforcing mesh on the inner side of the erecting mold and positioned on the outer side of the small advanced grouting guide pipe 1 in a circumferential mode, and fixing the small advanced grouting guide pipe 1 and the upper reinforcing mesh. As shown in fig. 2.
And (3) grouting the upper part of each advanced grouting small conduit 1 to pour concrete between the upper layer reinforcing mesh and the annular template in the artificial fill layer B, and solidifying to form an upper layer approximate elliptical ring reinforced concrete structure 2. The upper layer approximate elliptical shape ring reinforced concrete structure 2 and the lower layer approximate elliptical shape ring reinforced concrete structure 3 are in the corresponding layers and are both at 1/3 height positions in the corresponding layers. The height of the upper layer approximate elliptical shape rib ring reinforced concrete structure 2 and the lower layer approximate elliptical shape rib ring reinforced concrete structure 3 is 40 cm.
The solidified lower layer approximate elliptical shape rib ring reinforced concrete structure 3 and the upper layer approximate elliptical shape rib ring reinforced concrete structure 2 form an integral stable part under the connection of the small advanced grouting guide pipe 1. Since the area of the small collapse region is relatively small, the stand-off die used is also small. In order to conveniently carry out work in a collapse area, two layers of geology in the collapse area are respectively and independently erected, otherwise, long vertical molds are difficult to construct. After the construction is finished, the vertical mould is not detached, and is respectively connected with the lower-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure 3, the upper-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure 2 and the advanced grouting small guide pipe 1, so that the stability is better. Can resist the soil pressure of the surrounding soil body and ensure the stability of the collapse area.
In the construction method, the upper and lower layers of reinforced concrete structures are connected together through the vertically distributed advanced grouting small pipes 1 to form an integral stable structure for resisting the soil pressure of the surrounding soil body, avoiding the collapse of the surrounding soil body and ensuring the stability of a collapse area. When the advanced grouting small conduit 1 is adopted for grouting, the grout can be in close contact with the reinforcing steel bars and the inner wall of the small collapse area A and is solidified.
And fourthly, backfilling an approximately elliptical small collapse area, and constructing primary support under the tunnel top of the collapse area tunnel.
During backfilling, backfilling a cave top collapse area by using tunnel slag with small grain size excavated nearby, and locally using local materials nearby; and light foam concrete can be selected to backfill the cave top slump area of the tunnel. After backfilling, strict compactness between the backfilled soil and the primary support cannot be completely ensured, and if the backfilled soil is not compacted, a cavity exists, and the soil body on the upper part of the tunnel is not firm. In this embodiment, the thinking of silt is handled to the cement mixing stake is used for reference, namely adopts the reinforced mode of slip casting promptly, pours into cement thick liquid in to the cavity, and after solidifying, it is closely knit, firm to have guaranteed between backfill soil and preliminary bracing. And after pouring, constructing a secondary lining structure of the tunnel in time. Grouting can be carried out in a mode that grouting holes are pre-buried in primary support, and the deposited pond sludge is reinforced by using the grouting holes through cement slurry grouting pipes in a spraying mode.
The invention also discloses an approximate elliptical small-collapse treatment structure of the shallow tunnel, which is used in the construction method, and as shown in fig. 2, the approximate elliptical small-collapse treatment structure comprises the following components: the upper-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure 2 and the lower-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure 3 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, the outer side walls of the upper-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure 2 and the lower-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure 3 are fixed with a plurality of vertical advanced grouting small guide pipes 1 at intervals around the outer side walls; an upper layer reinforcing mesh and a lower layer reinforcing mesh which are consistent with the shapes of the upper layer approximate elliptical ring reinforced concrete structure 2 and the lower layer approximate elliptical ring reinforced concrete structure 3 are respectively arranged in the upper layer approximate elliptical ring reinforced concrete structure and the lower layer approximate elliptical ring reinforced concrete structure. Vertical moulds are respectively arranged on the periphery of the outer side wall of the upper-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure 2 and the lower-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure 3, and the height of each vertical mould is higher than that of the corresponding reinforced concrete structure; and the lower end of the vertical mold on the outer side of the upper-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure 2 is connected with the upper end of the vertical mold on the outer side of the lower-layer approximate elliptical-shaped rib ring reinforced concrete structure 3.
Claims (5)
1. A shallow tunnel approximate ellipse small collapse treatment construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, a plurality of vertical early strength mortar anchor rods are applied to an approximately elliptical small-collapse square area (A) and attached to the peripheral wall of the area at intervals; then spraying concrete towards the peripheral wall to form a first spray anchor supporting protective wall;
the geology of the approximately elliptical small-slump area is distributed into an artificial filling layer (B) and a sediment pond mud layer (C) from top to bottom;
step two, sticking a vertical formwork around the periphery of the deposition pond mud layer (C) which is close to the peripheral wall of the elliptical small collapse area (A), and annularly binding a lower layer of reinforcing mesh around the periphery of the vertical formwork on the inner side of the vertical formwork; a plurality of vertical advanced grouting small guide pipes (1) are fixed on the lower layer steel bar net in a circumferential direction at intervals, the upper end of each advanced grouting small guide pipe (1) penetrates through an upper artificial soil filling layer (B) area, and the lower end of each advanced grouting small guide pipe is arranged at the bottom of a collapse area;
grouting the upper part of each advanced grouting small guide pipe (1) to pour concrete between the lower layer reinforcing mesh and the annular template, and solidifying to form a lower layer approximate elliptical reinforced concrete structure (3);
thirdly, adhering a vertical formwork around the periphery of the small approximately elliptical collapse area (A) to the artificial fill layer (B), binding an upper reinforcing mesh around the periphery of the small advanced grouting pipe (1) on the inner side of the vertical formwork, and fixing the small advanced grouting pipe (1) with the upper reinforcing mesh;
grouting the upper part of each advanced grouting small conduit (1) to pour concrete between the upper layer reinforcing mesh and the annular template in the artificial fill layer (B), and solidifying to form an upper layer approximate elliptical ring reinforced concrete structure (2);
and step four, backfilling the small-collapse area which is approximately elliptical.
2. The method for treating the shallow tunnel approximately elliptical small collapse according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps: and constructing primary support under the tunnel top of the tunnel in the collapse area, and grouting between the primary support and the backfill soil.
3. The shallow tunnel approximate ellipse small collapse treatment construction method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper layer approximate ellipse-shaped ring reinforced concrete structure (2) and the lower layer approximate ellipse-shaped ring reinforced concrete structure (3) are in corresponding layers and are both at 1/3 height in the corresponding layers.
4. The method for treating the small approximately elliptical collapse of the shallow tunnel according to claim 3, wherein the distance between two adjacent small advanced grouting pipes is 15 cm-30 cm.
5. The method for treating the shallow tunnel approximately elliptical small collapse condition according to claim 3, wherein in the first step, the distance between two adjacent early strength mortar anchor rods is 20 cm-40 cm.
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