CN111470974A - Synthesis method of halogenated aniline - Google Patents
Synthesis method of halogenated aniline Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111470974A CN111470974A CN201910062758.0A CN201910062758A CN111470974A CN 111470974 A CN111470974 A CN 111470974A CN 201910062758 A CN201910062758 A CN 201910062758A CN 111470974 A CN111470974 A CN 111470974A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- alkali metal
- composite material
- carbon
- catalyst
- nickel
- Prior art date
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- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical class [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 title claims abstract 4
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Chloronitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013335 mesoporous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- JMEXAQBBMDHIGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2,5-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C(C)C=C1Cl JMEXAQBBMDHIGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NTBYINQTYWZXLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 NTBYINQTYWZXLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- ORPVVAKYSXQCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Br ORPVVAKYSXQCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BFCFYVKQTRLZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl BFCFYVKQTRLZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KMAQZIILEGKYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 KMAQZIILEGKYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WFQDTOYDVUWQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 WFQDTOYDVUWQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N francium atom Chemical compound [Fr] KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QUIMTLZDMCNYGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloro-1-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QUIMTLZDMCNYGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 84
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005695 dehalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 17
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- -1 halogenated nitrobenzene compound Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- QSNSCYSYFYORTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QSNSCYSYFYORTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZDFBKZUDCQQKAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 ZDFBKZUDCQQKAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDYWXFYBZPNOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dichloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 SDYWXFYBZPNOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WDFQBORIUYODSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromoaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 WDFQBORIUYODSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POEANWWEPFQEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-2,5-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(Cl)=C(C)C=C1N POEANWWEPFQEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002159 adsorption--desorption isotherm Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipicolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=N1 WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005260 alpha ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- VMWYVTOHEQQZHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynenickel Chemical compound [Ni]#[C] VMWYVTOHEQQZHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/30—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds
- C07C209/32—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups
- C07C209/36—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst
- C07C209/365—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst by reduction with preservation of halogen-atoms in compounds containing nitro groups and halogen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
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- B01J35/33—
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- B01J35/615—
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- B01J35/633—
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- B01J35/647—
Abstract
The invention provides a method for synthesizing halogenated aniline, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) catalyzing halogenated nitrobenzene to carry out hydrogenation reduction reaction in a hydrogen atmosphere by taking a carbon-coated nickel nano composite material containing alkali metal as a catalyst; the nano composite material comprises a core-shell structure with a shell layer and an inner core, wherein the shell layer is a graphitized carbon layer containing alkali metal, nitrogen and oxygen, and the inner core is nickel nano particles. The method adopts the carbon-coated nickel nano composite material containing alkali metal as the catalyst, the carbon material and the nickel nano particles act synergistically to produce a good catalytic effect, the alkali metal of the shell layer further synergistically improves the catalytic performance of the material, and the catalyst is used for synthesizing halogenated aniline by hydrogenation reduction of halogenated nitrobenzene, has excellent activity, selectivity and safety, and can effectively improve the dehalogenation problem in the reaction process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of catalysis, and particularly relates to a method for synthesizing halogenated aniline.
Background
Halogenated aniline is an important organic chemical intermediate, is widely applied to synthesis of fine chemicals such as medicines, pesticides, fuels and the like, and is generally prepared by a halogenated aromatic compound reduction synthesis method. The halogenated aromatic compound reduction method comprises chemical reduction methods such as a sodium sulfide reduction method, an iron powder reduction method, a hydrazine hydrate reduction method and the like, an electrolytic reduction method, a catalytic hydrogenation reduction method and the like. Although the chemical reduction method has a simple process route and is technically mature, the method generally has the defects of large environmental pollution, low product yield, poor product quality, high energy consumption and the like, and shows a trend of being eliminated. The electrolytic reduction method is limited by factors such as electrode materials, electrolysis equipment and cost, and is always in a laboratory stage. The catalytic hydrogenation reduction method has the advantages of good product quality, simple process and the like, is concerned about and is an environment-friendly green process.
At present, the catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogenation reaction of the halogenated nitrobenzene mainly takes noble metal catalysts such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) and the like as main catalysts. The Pt and Pd noble metal catalysts have the advantages of high catalytic activity, mild reaction conditions and the like, but the noble metal catalysts have high price and cost, and the loss of noble metals has great harm to the environment, so the application of the noble metal catalysts in industrial production is limited. Non-noble metal catalysts, such as nickel, also have a series of problems in practical production application, such as easy agglomeration in the preparation process, easy elution in the catalytic hydrogenation process, poor stability, great potential safety hazard, and the like. In addition, no matter the catalyst is a noble metal catalyst or a non-noble metal catalyst, the problem of halogenated nitrobenzene dehalogenation generally exists in the catalytic hydrogenation process of the halogenated nitrobenzene, the yield and the quality of products are reduced, and halogen acid generated in the dehalogenation reaction corrodes equipment, so that the key technology for preparing the halogenated aniline by a catalytic hydrogenation reduction method in the side reaction of dehalogenation is inhibited.
From the above, it is an urgent problem in the art to develop a hydrogenation reduction catalyst which is stable in air, has excellent catalytic performance, and can effectively improve dehalogenation performance for hydrogenation reduction of a halogenated nitrobenzene compound.
It is noted that the information disclosed in the foregoing background section is only for enhancement of background understanding of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for synthesizing halogenated aniline, which adopts a carbon-coated nickel-containing nano composite material containing alkali metal as a catalyst, wherein the nano composite material is in a core-shell structure formed by coating nickel nano particles with a graphitized carbon layer containing alkali metal, nitrogen and oxygen, the carbon material and the nickel nano particles act synergistically to generate a good catalytic effect, the alkali metal of the shell layer further synergistically improves the catalytic performance of the material, and the carbon-coated nano composite material is used for synthesizing halogenated aniline by hydrogenation reduction of halogenated nitrobenzene, has excellent activity, selectivity and safety, and can effectively improve the problem of dehalogenation in the reaction process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for synthesizing halogenated aniline, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) catalyzing halogenated nitrobenzene to carry out hydrogenation reduction reaction in a hydrogen atmosphere by taking a carbon-coated nickel nano composite material containing alkali metal as a catalyst;
the nano composite material comprises a core-shell structure with a shell layer and an inner core, wherein the shell layer is a graphitized carbon layer containing alkali metal, nitrogen and oxygen, and the inner core is nickel nano particles.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the benzene ring of the halogenated nitrobenzene further contains a substituent selected from C1-20One or more of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the halogen in the halogenated nitrobenzene is selected from one or more of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
According to an embodiment of the invention, wherein the nitrohalogenated benzene is selected from one or more of p-chloronitrobenzene, o-chloronitrobenzene, m-chloronitrobenzene, p-fluoronitrobenzene, o-bromonitrobenzene, 3, 4-dichloronitrobenzene, 2, 4-dichloronitrobenzene and 2, 5-dimethyl-4-chloronitrobenzene.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the catalyst is present in an amount of 1% to 50%, preferably 5% to 30%, by mass of the halogenated nitrobenzene.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the temperature of the hydrogenation reduction reaction is 60 ℃ to 120 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the pressure of the hydrogen gas is 0.5 to 2 MPa.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the catalyst and the halogenated nitrobenzene are mixed in a solvent and then subjected to a hydrogenation reduction reaction, wherein the solvent is selected from one or more of alcohols, ethers, alkanes and water.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the reaction time is preferably 0.5h to 3 h.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the nanocomposite is a mesoporous material having at least one mesopore distribution peak. Optionally, the nanocomposite is a mesoporous material having two or more mesopore distribution peaks. Optionally, the nanocomposite material has a mesopore distribution peak in a pore size range of 2nm to 7nm and a pore size range of 8nm to 20nm, respectively. Optionally, the mesoporous material has a mesopore volume fraction of greater than 50%, preferably greater than 80%, more preferably greater than 95% of the total pore volume.
According to an embodiment of the invention, wherein the alkali metal content is 0.1 at% to 3 at%, the carbon content is 65 at% to 95 at%, the nickel content is 0.1 at% to 10 at%, the oxygen content is 1 at% to 20 at%, and the nitrogen content is 1 at% to 10 at%, in atomic percentage.
According to the invention, the sum of the contents of the individual components in the nanocomposite material is 100 at%.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the graphitized carbon layer has a thickness of 0.3nm to 6.0nm, preferably 0.3nm to 3 nm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the core-shell structure is 1nm to 200nm, preferably 3nm to 100nm, more preferably 4nm to 50 nm.
According to an embodiment of the invention, wherein the alkali metal is selected from one or more of lithium (L i), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs) and francium (Fr).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for synthesizing the halogenated aniline provided by the invention uses the carbon-coated nickel nano composite material containing alkali metal as the catalyst to carry out hydrogenation reduction on the halogenated nitrobenzene, and the catalyst material is very stable, does not spontaneously combust, is antioxidant, is resistant to acid corrosion and low in danger, and is suitable for storage and transportation, so that the safety of the halogenated aniline synthesis process is ensured.
The carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite containing alkali metal shows good repeatability, high activity and high selectivity in the reaction of catalytically reducing halogenated nitrobenzene into halogenated aniline, and the nickel coated in the graphitized carbon layer has a penetrating effect, so that the electronic state of the alkali metal loaded on the surface of the graphitized carbon layer is influenced, and a synergistic effect is exerted, so that the nanocomposite has good catalytic performance; in addition, the nano composite material has stronger magnetism, and can be conveniently used for separating a catalyst by utilizing the magnetism or used for processes such as a magnetic stabilization bed and the like. In addition, the synthesis method can effectively inhibit side dehalogenation reaction, thereby improving the yield and quality of the product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of an alkali metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 1;
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of an alkali metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 1;
FIGS. 3a and 3b show N of the alkali metal-containing carbon-nickel-coated nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 1, respectively2Adsorption-desorption isotherms and BJH pore size distribution curves;
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of an alkali metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 2;
FIG. 5 is an XRD pattern of an alkali metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 2;
fig. 6 shows the BJH pore size distribution curve of the alkali metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments in conjunction with the attached drawings, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention and do not limit the invention in any way.
In the present invention, anything or matters not mentioned is directly applicable to those known in the art without any change except those explicitly described. Moreover, any embodiment described herein may be freely combined with one or more other embodiments described herein, and the technical solutions or ideas thus formed are considered part of the original disclosure or original description of the present invention, and should not be considered as new matters not disclosed or contemplated herein, unless a person skilled in the art would consider such combination to be clearly unreasonable.
All features disclosed in this invention may be combined in any combination and such combinations are understood to be disclosed or described herein unless a person skilled in the art would consider such combinations to be clearly unreasonable. The numerical points disclosed in the present specification include not only the numerical points specifically disclosed in the examples but also the endpoints of each numerical range in the specification, and ranges in which any combination of the numerical points is disclosed or recited should be considered as ranges of the present invention.
Any terms not directly defined herein should be understood to have meanings associated with them as commonly understood in the art of the present invention. The following terms as used throughout this specification should be understood to have the following meanings unless otherwise indicated.
Term(s) for
The term "alkyl" is defined herein as a straight or branched chain alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl and the like.
The term "cycloalkyl" is defined herein as an alkyl group connected by single bonds and constituting a ring, such as cyclohexyl.
The term "aryl" is defined herein as a functional group or substituent derived from a simple aromatic ring, such as benzyl.
The term "halonitrobenzene" refers to a class of compounds formed by substitution of at least one hydrogen atom on the phenyl ring with a nitro group and one or more other hydrogen atoms with a halogen.
The term "graphitized carbon layer" means a carbon structure in which a layered structure is clearly observed under a high-resolution transmission electron microscope, not an amorphous structure, and the interlayer distance is about 0.34 nm. The composite material formed after the graphitized carbon layer is coated with the nickel nano particles is spherical or quasi-spherical.
The term "mesoporous" is defined as a pore having a pore diameter in the range of 2 to 50 nm. Pores with a pore size of less than 2nm are defined as micropores and pores with a pore size of more than 50nm are defined as macropores.
The term "mesoporous material" is defined as a porous material comprising a mesoporous channel structure.
The terms "alkali metal", "nitrogen" and "oxygen" in the "graphitized carbon layer containing alkali metal, nitrogen and oxygen" refer to alkali metal elements, nitrogen elements and oxygen elements, wherein the "alkali metal content" of the nanocomposite refers to the content of the alkali metal elements, the "nitrogen content" refers to the content of the nitrogen elements, and the "oxygen content" refers to the content of the oxygen elements, and specifically refers to the content of the alkali metal elements, nitrogen elements and oxygen elements in various forms contained in the formed graphitized carbon layer during the preparation of the carbon-coated nanocomposite, wherein the "alkali metal content" is the total content of all forms of alkali metal elements, the "nitrogen content" is the total content of all forms of nitrogen elements, and the "oxygen content" is the total content of all forms of oxygen elements. The "alkali metal content", "nitrogen content" and "oxygen content" were measured by XPS method.
The term "TOF" is defined herein as the amount of a reactant converted per unit time by a single active metal atom, and TOF measures the rate at which a catalyst catalyzes a reaction and indicates the intrinsic activity of the catalyst.
Reagents, instruments and tests
Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used in the invention are analytically pure, and all reagents are commercially available.
The XRD diffractometer adopted by the invention is an XRD-6000X-ray powder diffractometer (Shimadzu Japan), and the XRD test conditions are Cu target, K α ray (the wavelength lambda is 0.154nm), tube voltage is 40kV, tube current is 200mA, and scanning speed is 10 degrees (2 theta)/min.
The high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) adopted by the invention is JEM-2100(HRTEM) (Nippon electronics Co., Ltd.), and the test conditions of the high-resolution transmission electron microscope are as follows: the acceleration voltage was 200 kV.
The X-ray photoelectron spectrum analyzer (XPS) is an ESCA L ab220i-X L type electron spectrum analyzer which is produced by VG scientific company and is provided with Avantage V5.926 software, the X-ray photoelectron spectrum analyzer has the analysis and test conditions that an excitation source is monochromized A1K α X-rays, the power is 330W, and the basic vacuum is 3 × 10 during analysis and test-9mbar. In addition, the electron binding energy was corrected with the C1s peak (284.6eV), and the late peak processing software was XPSPEAK.
BET test method: in the invention, the pore structure property of a sample is measured by a Quantachrome AS-6B type analyzer, the specific surface area and the pore volume of the catalyst are obtained by a Brunauer-Emmett-Taller (BET) method, and the pore distribution curve is obtained by calculating a desorption curve according to a Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.
In the invention, after the average particle diameter of the metal nanoparticles is divided into peaks by an XRD (X-ray diffraction) pattern, the average particle diameter is calculated according to the Sherle formula: d ═ k γ/(B cos θ) was calculated. Wherein k is Scherrer constant, k is 0.89; b is half-height width; theta is the diffraction angle, unit radian; gamma is the x-ray wavelength, 0.154054 nm.
The invention provides a method for synthesizing halogenated aniline, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) catalyzing halogenated nitrobenzene to carry out hydrogenation reduction reaction in a hydrogen atmosphere by taking a carbon-coated nickel nano composite material containing alkali metal as a catalyst; the chemical reaction equation is illustrated below, wherein R represents one or more substituents on the phenyl ring, at least one of which is halogen:
the nano composite material comprises a core-shell structure with a shell layer and an inner core, wherein the shell layer is a graphitized carbon layer containing alkali metal, nitrogen and oxygen, and the inner core is nickel nano particles.
In some embodiments, the benzene ring of the halogenated nitrobenzene further comprises a substituent selected from C1-20One or more of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl. The nitrohalogenated benzenes include, but are not limited to, p-chloronitrobenzene, o-chloronitrobenzene, m-chloronitrobenzene, p-fluoronitrobenzene, o-bromonitrobenzene, 3, 4-dichloronitrobenzene, 2, 5-dimethyl-4-chloronitrobenzene, and the like, such as 2, 5-dimethyl-4-chloronitrobenzene. The halogen in the halogenated nitrobenzene is selected from chlorine, bromine and iodine. The above substitution may be mono-substitution or poly-substitution, such as p-chloronitrobenzene and 3, 4-dichloronitrobenzene.
In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises 1% to 50%, preferably 5% to 30% by weight of the halogenated nitrobenzene.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the hydrogenation reduction reaction is generally in the range of 60 ℃ to 120 ℃.
In some embodiments, the hydrogen pressure is generally from 0.5MP to 2 MPa.
In some embodiments, the reaction time of the hydrogenation reduction reaction is preferably 0.5h to 3 h.
In some embodiments, the catalyst is mixed with the nitrohalogenated benzene in a solvent and then subjected to a hydrogenation reduction reaction, wherein the solvent is selected from one or more of alcohols, ethers, alkanes and water, such as ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexane and the like.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the nanocomposite of the present invention is a composite material composed of "a graphitized carbon layer containing an alkali metal, nitrogen and oxygen", "nickel nanoparticles tightly coated with (not in contact with) the graphitized carbon layer", and "nickel nanoparticles in a confined region in contact with the outside". The surface of the graphitized carbon layer containing nitrogen and oxygen of the nano composite material has rich defect sites, the carbon material has catalytic activity, and the nickel coated in the graphitized carbon layer has a penetration effect, so that the electronic state of the alkali metal loaded on the surface of the graphitized carbon layer is influenced, and a synergistic effect is exerted, so that the nano composite material has better catalytic performance.
In some embodiments, wherein the nanocomposite is a mesoporous material having at least one mesopore distribution peak. That is, the nano composite material has at least one mesoporous distribution peak on a pore distribution curve obtained by calculating a desorption curve according to a Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method. As known to those skilled in the art, mesoporous materials generally have large specific surface areas and relatively regular channel structures, so that the mesoporous materials can play better roles in separation, adsorption and catalytic reactions of macromolecules and can be used as microreactors for limited-domain catalysis. The nano composite material has rich mesoporous structure, so that the nano composite material has higher mass transfer efficiency and more excellent catalytic performance.
In some embodiments, the batch-produced composite has two distribution peaks in the mesoporous range; if a plurality of batches of the composite material are mixed, more distribution peaks can be obtained in the mesoporous range. When the nano composite material has the multilevel mesoporous structure with different aperture ranges, the nano composite material can show more unique performance, and the applicable application range of the multilevel mesoporous structure is wider.
According to the nanocomposite material of the present invention, in some embodiments, the mesoporous structure has one mesoporous distribution peak in mesoporous ranges of 2nm to 5nm and 6nm to 15nm, respectively.
According to the nanocomposite material of the present invention, in some embodiments, the mesoporous structure has one mesoporous distribution peak in mesoporous ranges of 2nm to 7nm and 8nm to 20nm, respectively.
In some embodiments, the proportion of mesopore volume in the composite material to the total pore volume is greater than 50%, preferably greater than 80%, according to the nanocomposite material of the present invention. In some embodiments, the proportion of mesopore volume to the total pore volume is greater than 90%, and even 100%.
According to the nanocomposite material of the present invention, in some embodiments, the mesoporous volume thereof may be 0.05cm3/g～1.25cm3Per g, also may be 0.10cm3/g～0.30cm3/g。
The nanocomposites according to the invention, in some embodiments, have specific surface areas generally greater than 140m2/g, may be greater than 200m2/g。
The nanocomposites according to the invention, which are not pyrophoric in air, can be stored in air.
According to the nanocomposite material of the present invention, nitrogen and oxygen are doped in the carbon layer. The nitrogen and oxygen contents can be adjusted by additionally introducing oxygen-containing compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds, such as hexamethylenetetramine and polyhydric alcohols in the manufacturing process. The catalytic performance of the carbon layer can be adjusted by adjusting the contents of nitrogen and oxygen in the nano composite material, so that the carbon layer is suitable for catalyzing different reactions.
In some embodiments, the content of elements, in atomic percent, determined using XPS method: the alkali metal content is 0.1 at% to 3 at%, preferably 0.2 at% to 2 at%; the carbon content is 65 at% to 95 at%, preferably 74 at% to 91 at%; the nickel content is 0.1 at% to 10 at%, preferably 1 at% to 8 at%; the oxygen content is 1 at% to 20 at%, preferably 5 at% to 15 at%; the nitrogen content is 1 at% to 10 at%, preferably 0.1 at% to 10 at%. More preferably 1 at% to 5 at%.
According to the invention, the sum of the contents of the components in the nanocomposite is 100 at%
In some embodiments, the graphitized carbon layer has a thickness of 0.3nm to 6.0nm, preferably 0.3 to 3 nm.
In some embodiments, the core-shell structure has a particle size of 1nm to 200nm, preferably 3nm to 100nm, more preferably 4nm to 50 nm.
In some embodiments, the alkali metal is selected from one or more of lithium (L i), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr).
The invention also provides a preparation method of the nano composite material, which comprises the following steps:
putting nickel salt, polybasic organic carboxylic acid and nitrogen-containing compound into a solvent to be mixed to form a homogeneous solution;
removing the solvent in the homogeneous solution to obtain a precursor;
carrying out primary pyrolysis on the precursor in an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere;
contacting the product after the primary pyrolysis with a solution containing alkali metal, and then drying; wherein the contacting mode comprises the step of immersing the product after the primary pyrolysis in the alkali metal solution, or the step of placing the product after the primary pyrolysis in the alkali metal solution and stirring. The time for dipping or stirring is not suitable to be too long or too short, preferably between 10min and 300min, the temperature is preferably between 0 ℃ and 100 ℃, and the contact reaction is preferably carried out under the condition of stirring. According to the invention, the product of the primary pyrolysis may or may not be filtered after being contacted with the alkali metal-containing solution, and the obtained product is dried.
And (3) placing the dried product in an inert atmosphere for secondary pyrolysis to obtain the carbon-coated nickel-containing nano composite material containing alkali metal.
Specifically, the precursor is a water-soluble mixture, which means that nickel salt, polybasic organic carboxylic acid and nitrogen-containing compound are dissolved into a homogeneous solution in water and/or ethanol and other solvents, and then the solvent is directly removed to obtain the nickel-containing precursor. The solvent may be removed by evaporation, and the temperature and process of evaporation of the solvent may be by any available art, for example, spray drying at 80 ℃ to 120 ℃ or drying in an oven.
It should be noted that the polyvalent organic carboxylic acid may be a nitrogen-containing polyvalent organic carboxylic acid or a nitrogen-free polyvalent organic carboxylic acid, and when the polyvalent organic carboxylic acid is a nitrogen-containing polyvalent organic carboxylic acid, the mass of the nitrogen-containing compound may be zero, that is, the nitrogen-containing compound may not be added, and the mass ratio of the mass of the nitrogen element to the mass of the nickel salt and the polyvalent organic carboxylic acid may be within a certain range. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the nickel salt, the organic polycarboxylic acid and the nitrogen-containing compound is 1: 0.1-100: 0-100, preferably 1: 0.5-5, and more preferably 1: 0.8-2: 1-2.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises mixing the nickel salt, the polybasic organic carboxylic acid, the nitrogen-containing compound and other organic compounds except the nickel salt, the polybasic organic carboxylic acid, the nitrogen-containing compound and other organic compounds in a solvent such as water, ethanol and the like to form a homogeneous solution, and then removing the solvent to obtain the water-soluble mixture containing nickel. Such other organic compounds include, but are not limited to, organic polyols. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the nickel salt, the polybasic organic carboxylic acid, the nitrogen-containing compound and the other organic compound is preferably 1: 0.5-10: 0-10, more preferably 1: 1-3: 0-3, that is, the other organic compound may not be added at all.
In some embodiments, the nickel salt is selected from one or more of organic acid salts, carbonates, and basic carbonates of nickel, preferably organic acid salts of nickel without heteroatoms, more preferably acetates of the nickel without heteroatoms, wherein the heteroatoms refer to metal atoms other than the nickel. Nitrogen-containing compounds include, but are not limited to, hexamethylenetetramine.
In some embodiments, the poly-organic carboxylic acid includes, but is not limited to, one or more of citric acid, maleic acid, trimesic acid, terephthalic acid, malic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and dipicolinic acid.
In some embodiments, wherein the primary pyrolysis comprises: heating the precursor to a constant temperature section in an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere, and keeping the constant temperature in the constant temperature section;
wherein the heating rate is 0.5-30 ℃/min, preferably 1-10 ℃/min; the temperature of the constant temperature section is 400-800 ℃, and preferably 500-800 ℃; the constant temperature time is 20min to 600min, preferably 60min to 480 min; the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon, and the reducing atmosphere is a mixed gas of an inert gas and hydrogen, for example, a small amount of hydrogen is doped in the inert atmosphere.
In some embodiments, the alkali metal-containing solution is an alkali metal salt and/or base-containing solution, e.g., a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, a potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, sodium nitrate (NaNO)3) Solution of potassium nitrate (KNO)3) Solutions, sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions, potassium chloride (KCl) solutions, sodium sulfate (Na)2SO4) Solution, potassium sulfate (K)2SO4) Solution of potassium carbonate (K)2CO3) Solutions, and the like. The mass ratio of the alkali metal salt and/or alkali to the product after primary pyrolysis is 1: 2-100, preferably 1: 2-50, and more preferably 1: 2-20. When the amount of alkali metal-containing salt or alkali is excessive, the core-shell structure of carbon-coated nickel is easily destroyed in the secondary pyrolysis process, and the nickel in the core is exposed to air and spontaneously ignited.
In some embodiments, wherein the secondary pyrolysis comprises: under the inert atmosphere, heating the dried product to a constant temperature section, and keeping the constant temperature in the constant temperature section;
wherein the heating rate is 0.5-10 ℃/min, preferably 2.5-10 ℃/min; the temperature of the constant temperature section is 80-500 ℃, and preferably 100-400 ℃; the constant temperature time is 20 min-600 min; the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon.
The carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite is prepared by the method, a method of pyrolyzing a metal-organic framework compound (MOF) serving as a precursor is not adopted, the method needs to prepare a crystalline solid Material (MOF) with a periodic structure in a solvent at high temperature and high pressure, the condition for preparing MOFs is strict, the needed ligand is expensive, and the mass production is difficult; in addition, the composite material prepared by the method has imprecise cladding on the metal particles, and is remarkably different from the nano composite material in structure. The alkali metal contained in the shell layer of the core-shell structure in the nano composite material can generate a synergistic effect with the core nickel nano particles, so that the catalytic performance is more excellent. The method for preparing the nano composite material is convenient for adjusting the nitrogen content and the oxygen content in the graphitized carbon layer in the preparation process, thereby conveniently adjusting the electronic characteristics of the nano composite material so as to be suitable for catalyzing different reactions.
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments in conjunction with the attached drawings, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention and do not limit the invention in any way.
Preparation example 1
(1) Weighing 10g of nickel acetate, 10g of citric acid and 20g of hexamethylenetetramine, adding the nickel acetate, the citric acid and the hexamethylenetetramine into a beaker filled with 30m L deionized water, stirring the mixture at 70 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous solution, and continuously heating and evaporating the mixture to dryness to obtain a solid precursor.
(2) And (2) placing the solid precursor obtained in the step (1) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 100m L/min, heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated nickel material.
(3) Weighing 2g of the carbon-coated nickel material obtained in the step (2), adding 15M of L1M KOH aqueous solution, stirring for 24h at room temperature, filtering, and drying the product at 120 ℃;
(4) and (3) placing the dried material obtained in the step (3) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 50m L/min, heating to 300 ℃ at the speed of 2.5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 1h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite containing potassium.
Characterization of the materials:
the atomic percentage of the elements contained in the nanocomposite material measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is as follows: the carbon content was 90.15 at%, the nickel content was 1.42 at%, the oxygen content was 4.36 at%, the nitrogen content was 3.74 at%, and the potassium content was 0.33 at%.
The TEM image of the material is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen that a graphitized carbon layer is wrapped on the outer layer of the nickel nanoparticles to form a complete core-shell structure. The X-ray diffraction pattern of this nanocomposite is shown in FIG. 2, and it can be seen that the diffraction pattern of this material includes diffraction peaks (2. theta. angle 25.9 ℃) of graphite carbon and diffraction peaks (2. theta. angles 44.37 °, 51.8 ° and 76.4 ℃) of face-centered cubic (fcc) Ni. The average particle size of the carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles was calculated to be 6.8nm by the scherrer equation.
The BET test shows that the specific surface area of the composite material is 121m2Per g, pore volume 0.202cm3Per g, wherein>The mesoporous volume of 2nm is 0.202cm3(ii) in terms of/g, representing 100% of the total pore volume. FIG. 3a shows N of the composite material2An adsorption-desorption isotherm is shown in fig. 3b, which is a BJH pore size distribution curve of the composite material, and it can be seen that the composite material has two mesopore distribution peaks at 3.80nm and 11.39 nm.
Preparation example 2
(1) Weighing 10g of nickel acetate, 20g of citric acid and 20g of hexamethylenetetramine, adding the nickel acetate, the citric acid and the hexamethylenetetramine into a beaker containing 100m L deionized water, stirring the mixture at 80 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous solution, and continuously heating and evaporating the homogeneous solution to dryness to obtain a solid precursor.
(2) And (2) placing the precursor obtained in the step (1) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 150m L/min, heating to 600 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated nickel material.
(3) Weighing 2g of the carbon-coated nickel material obtained in the step (2), adding 4m of L aqueous solution containing 0.3290g of sodium carbonate, stirring at room temperature for 24h, filtering, and finally drying the product at 120 ℃.
(4) And (4) placing the dried material obtained in the step (3) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow of 70m L/min, heating to 200 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated nickel nano composite material containing sodium.
Characterization of the materials:
the atomic percentage of the elements contained in the nanocomposite material measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is as follows: the carbon content was 83.09 at%, the nickel content was 2.34 at%, the oxygen content was 8.26 at%, the nitrogen content was 4.15 at%, and the sodium content was 2.16 at%.
The TEM image of the nanocomposite is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that a graphitized carbon layer is wrapped on the outer layer of the nickel nanoparticle to form a complete core-shell structure. The X-ray diffraction pattern of this nanocomposite material is shown in FIG. 5, in which there are diffraction peaks (2 theta angle of 25.9 °) corresponding to carbon and fcc Ni (2 theta angle of 44.5 °, 51.7 ° and 76.4 °) and diffraction peaks (2 theta angle of 41.9 °, 44.4 °, 47.3 ° and 62.4 °) corresponding to nickel (hcp-Ni) in a close-packed cubic structure. The average particle size of the carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles was calculated to be 17.6nm by the scherrer equation.
The BET test shows that the specific surface area of the nano composite material is 162m2Per g, pore volume 0.202cm3Per g, wherein>Pore volume of 0.195cm at 2nm3In terms of/g, 96.1% of the total pore volume. FIG. 6 is the BJH pore size distribution curve of the nano composite material, and the composite material has two mesopore distribution peaks at 3.76nm and 10.43 nm.
Comparative preparation example 1
(1) Weighing 10g of nickel acetate, 10g of citric acid and 20g of hexamethylenetetramine, adding the nickel acetate, the citric acid and the hexamethylenetetramine into a beaker filled with 30m L deionized water, stirring at 70 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous solution, and continuously heating and evaporating to dryness to obtain a solid precursor.
(2) And (2) placing the precursor obtained in the step (1) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow of 100m L/min, heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated nickel material.
The atomic percentage of the elements contained in the nanocomposite material measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is as follows: the carbon content is 90.47 at%; the nickel content was 1.38 at%, the oxygen content was 3.97 at%, and the nitrogen content was 4.18 at%.
Comparative preparation example 2
The same as preparation example 2, except that 1.5g of sodium carbonate was added in step (3), and the resulting sodium-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite was flammable in air after impregnation and calcination at 400 ℃.
Example 1
The composite material obtained in the preparation example 1 is used as a catalyst for the reaction of preparing the target product halogenated aniline by hydrogenating halogenated nitrobenzene, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
adding 0.1g of nano composite material, 1.89g of p-chloronitrobenzene and 100m of L ethanol into a reaction kettle, introducing H2After 3 times of replacement, the reaction kettle is charged with H2And (3) controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 2MPa, stirring and heating, heating to the preset reaction temperature of 60 ℃, stopping heating after reacting for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, discharging pressure, and opening the reaction kettle to take a product, namely p-chloroaniline, for chromatographic analysis. The reactant conversion and the target product selectivity were calculated by the following formulas:
conversion-amount of reacted reaction mass/amount of added reaction × 100%
The selectivity is × 100% based on the mass of the target product/mass of the reaction product
After analysis, the conversion rate of p-chloronitrobenzene is 100 percent, and the selectivity of p-chloroaniline is 99.3 percent.
When the reaction proceeded for 300s, a sample was taken and subjected to chromatography to calculate the conversion of the reactant, and TOF of the catalyst was 11.6 × 10, which was obtained by the formula TOF (amount of reacted reactant substance)/(amount of catalytically active metal substance 300s)-3s-1。
Example 2
The nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 1 is used as a catalyst for hydrogenation reduction reaction of halogenated nitrobenzene, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
adding 0.1g of nano composite material, 0.33g of p-chloronitrobenzene and 30m of L ethanol into a reaction kettle, and introducing H2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2The pressure in the reaction kettle is enabled to be 1MPa, the temperature is raised by stirring, the temperature is raised to the preset reaction temperature of 60 ℃, the heating is stopped after the reaction is continued for 2 hours, the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, the pressure is discharged, the reaction kettle is opened, the product p-chloroaniline is taken out to carry out chromatographic analysis, the conversion rate of the reactant, the selectivity of the product and the TOF are respectively calculated by the formula shown in the example 1, the conversion rate of the p-chloronitrobenzene is 100 percent, the selectivity of the p-chloroaniline is 99.1 percent, and the TOF is-3s-1。
Example 3
The nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 1 is used as a catalyst for hydrogenation reduction reaction of halogenated nitrobenzene, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
adding 0.1g of nano composite material, 0.66g of p-chloronitrobenzene and 50m of L ethanol into a reaction kettle, and introducing H2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2The pressure in the reaction kettle is made to be 0.5MPa, the temperature is raised by stirring, the temperature is raised to be 120 ℃ of the preset reaction temperature, the heating is stopped after the reaction is continued for 0.5 hour, the temperature is reduced to room temperature, the pressure is discharged, the reaction kettle is opened, the product p-chloroaniline is taken out to be subjected to chromatographic analysis, the conversion rate of the reactant, the selectivity of the product and the TOF are respectively calculated by the formula shown in the example 1, the conversion rate of the p-chloronitrobenzene is 100 percent, the selectivity of the p-chloroaniline is 99.7 percent, and the TOF-3s-1。
Example 4
The nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 1 is used as a catalyst for hydrogenation reduction reaction of halogenated nitrobenzene, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
adding 0.2g of nano composite material, 0.66g of p-chloronitrobenzene and 50m of L m of cyclohexane into a reaction kettle, and introducing H2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2And (3) controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 1MPa, stirring and heating, heating to the preset reaction temperature of 100 ℃, stopping heating after continuously reacting for 1 hour, reducing the temperature to room temperature, discharging pressure, opening the reaction kettle, and taking out a product p-chloroaniline for chromatographic analysis. The conversion rate and yield of the reactant were calculated by the formula shown in example 1The product selectivity and TOF are respectively 100 percent of p-chloronitrobenzene conversion, 99.5 percent of p-chloroaniline selectivity and 13.5 × 10 percent of TOF-3s-1。
Example 5
The nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 1 is used as a catalyst for hydrogenation reduction reaction of halogenated nitrobenzene, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
adding 0.1g of nano composite material, 0.66g of 3.4-dichloronitrobenzene and 30m of L ethanol into a reaction kettle, and introducing H2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2The pressure in the reaction kettle is enabled to be 1MPa, the temperature is raised by stirring, the temperature is raised to the preset reaction temperature of 80 ℃, the heating is stopped after the reaction is continued for 2 hours, the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, the pressure is discharged, the reaction kettle is opened, the product 3.4-dichloroaniline is taken out for chromatographic analysis, the conversion rate of the reactant, the product selectivity and the TOF are respectively calculated by the formula shown in the example 1, the conversion rate of the 3.4-dichloronitrobenzene is 100 percent, the selectivity of the 3.4-dichloroaniline is 99.0 percent, and the TOF is 9.43 × 10-3s-1。
Example 6
The nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 1 is used as a catalyst for hydrogenation reduction reaction of halogenated nitrobenzene, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
adding 0.1g of nano composite material, 0.66g of 2, 5-dimethyl-4-chloronitrobenzene and 30m of L ethanol into a reaction kettle, and introducing H2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2The pressure in the reaction kettle is enabled to be 1MPa, the temperature is raised by stirring, the temperature is raised to the preset reaction temperature of 80 ℃, the heating is stopped after the reaction is continued for 2 hours, the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, the pressure is discharged, the reaction kettle is opened, the product 2, 5-dimethyl-4-chloroaniline is taken out for chromatographic analysis, the conversion rate of the reactant, the product selectivity and the TOF are respectively calculated by the formula shown in the example 1, the conversion rate of the 2, 5-dimethyl-4-chloronitrobenzene is 100 percent, the selectivity of the 2, 5-dimethyl-4-chloroaniline is 99.2 percent, and the TOF is 9.64 × 10-3s-1。
Example 7
The nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 1 is used as a catalyst for hydrogenation reduction reaction of halogenated nitrobenzene, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
adding 0.1g of nano composite material, 0.33g of p-bromonitrobenzene and 30m of L ethanol into a reaction kettle, and introducing H2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2The pressure in the reaction kettle is enabled to be 1MPa, the temperature is raised by stirring, the temperature is raised to the preset reaction temperature of 80 ℃, the heating is stopped after the reaction is continued for 2 hours, the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, the pressure is discharged, the reaction kettle is opened, the product p-bromoaniline is taken out to carry out chromatographic analysis, the conversion rate of the reactant, the selectivity of the product and the TOF are respectively calculated by the formula shown in the example 1, the conversion rate of the p-bromonitrobenzene is 100 percent, the selectivity of the p-bromoaniline is 99.7 percent, and the TOF is-3s-1。
Example 8
The nano composite material prepared in preparation example 2 is used as a catalyst for hydrogenation reduction reaction of halogenated nitrobenzene, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
adding 0.2g of nano composite material, 0.66g of p-chloronitrobenzene and 50m of L ethanol into a reaction kettle, and introducing H2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2The pressure in the reaction kettle is enabled to be 1MPa, the temperature is raised by stirring, the temperature is raised to the preset reaction temperature of 60 ℃, the heating is stopped after the reaction is continued for 2 hours, the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, the pressure is discharged, the reaction kettle is opened, the product p-chloroaniline is taken out to carry out chromatographic analysis, the conversion rate of the reactant, the selectivity of the product and the TOF are respectively calculated by the formula shown in the example 1, the conversion rate of the p-chloronitrobenzene is 100 percent, the selectivity of the p-chloroaniline is 99.5 percent, and the TOF is-3s-1。
Comparative example
The nanocomposite prepared in comparative preparation example 1 was used as a catalyst for a hydrogenation reduction reaction of halogenated nitrobenzene, and the specific experimental steps were as follows:
adding 0.1g of nano composite material, 1.89g of p-chloronitrobenzene and 100m of L ethanol into a reaction kettle, and introducing H2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2And (3) controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 2MPa, stirring and heating, heating to the preset reaction temperature of 60 ℃, stopping heating after continuously reacting for 3 hours, reducing the temperature to room temperature, discharging pressure, opening the reaction kettle, and taking out a product p-chloroaniline for chromatographic analysis. The reactant conversion, the product selectivity and the TOF were respectively calculated by the formulas shown in example 1,the conversion rate of the p-chloronitrobenzene is 100 percent, the selectivity of the p-chloroaniline is 99.5 percent, and the TOF is 5.80 × 10-3s-1。
It can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples that the nanocomposite of the present invention has a good catalytic effect when used as a catalyst for catalyzing a catalytic hydrogenation reaction of nitrohalogenated benzene, and compared with a catalyst containing no alkali metal, the nanocomposite containing carbon coated nickel containing alkali metal not only enables the catalytic reaction to have a high conversion rate and product selectivity, but also has a higher catalytic reaction rate and a better catalytic performance.
It should be noted by those skilled in the art that the described embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary and that various other substitutions, alterations, and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is only limited by the claims.
Claims (13)
1. A method for synthesizing halogenated aniline, comprising:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) catalyzing halogenated nitrobenzene to carry out hydrogenation reduction reaction in a hydrogen atmosphere by taking a carbon-coated nickel nano composite material containing alkali metal as a catalyst;
the nano composite material comprises a core-shell structure with a shell layer and an inner core, wherein the shell layer is a graphitized carbon layer containing alkali metal, nitrogen and oxygen, and the inner core is nickel nano particles.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said halonitrobenzene further comprises a substituent on the benzene ring, said substituent being selected from the group consisting of C1-20One or more of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl.
3. The synthesis method according to claim 1, wherein the halogen in the halogenated nitrobenzene is selected from one or more of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
4. A method of synthesis according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the halonitrobenzene is selected from one or more of p-chloronitrobenzene, o-chloronitrobenzene, m-chloronitrobenzene, p-fluoronitrobenzene, o-bromonitrobenzene, 3, 4-dichloronitrobenzene, 2, 4-dichloronitrobenzene and 2, 5-dimethyl-4-chloronitrobenzene.
5. The synthesis process according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst accounts for 1% to 50%, preferably 5% to 30%, of the mass of the halogenated nitrobenzene.
6. The synthesis process of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the hydrogenation reduction reaction is 60 ℃ to 120 ℃.
7. The synthesis process according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the hydrogen is between 0.5MPa and 2 MPa.
8. The synthesis method according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst and the halogenated nitrobenzene are mixed in a solvent and then subjected to hydrogenation reduction reaction, wherein the solvent is selected from one or more of alcohols, ethers, alkanes and water.
9. The synthesis method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the nanocomposite is a mesoporous material having at least one mesopore distribution peak.
10. The method of synthesizing as defined in claim 8 wherein the nanocomposite is a mesoporous material having two or more mesopore distribution peaks.
11. The method of synthesis according to claim 8, wherein the mesoporous material has a proportion of mesopore volume of more than 50%, preferably more than 80%, of the total pore volume.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal is present at 0.1 at% to 3 at%, the carbon is present at 65 at% to 95 at%, the nickel is present at 0.1 at% to 10 at%, the oxygen is present at 1 at% to 20 at%, and the nitrogen is present at 1 at% to 10 at%, in atomic percentage.
13. The synthesis method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the alkali metal is selected from one or more of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.
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