CN111470836B - 适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及露天煤矿建筑喷浆材料技术领域,具体公开了适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料及其制备方法,包括固体原料与水,按重量比计算,固体原料包括5~15份水泥、5~15微硅粉、5~10份的沙子、10~15份的煤渣和矿渣、8~15粉煤灰陶粒和3~8份的长纤维。采用本专利中的技术方案喷涂在原有露天煤矿的建筑用混凝土表面上,对原有混凝土进行改性处理,使其抗酸性腐蚀能力提高,提高了工程的安全性和使用年限。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及露天煤矿建筑喷浆材料技术领域,特别涉及适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料及其制备方法。
背景技术
煤矿是人类主要的能源材料之一,具有易开采、储量大、利用率高等特点,当前我国开采的煤矿按照开采方式可以分为井工煤矿和露天煤矿,我国露天煤矿开采的煤炭含量占全国煤开采量的50%以上,是重要的煤炭资料来源。
露天煤矿主要形成于地球的二叠纪时期,我国的二叠纪煤矿主要位于华北地区和西北地区,它们的共同点是一套以海陆交替相为主的碎屑岩含煤地层,在这类二叠纪露天煤矿的开采过程中会使得煤矿储存地的地势不断降低,在雨季导致雨水向低洼地区汇聚并形成短时洪峰;而为了防止地表水进入采掘场需要在地表界外设地面排水沟、储水池和防洪堤拦截地表径流,并将地表水排出场外以保护露天煤矿;因此二叠纪露天煤矿在开采前和开采过程中都需要建造储水池、排水管道、防洪堤等,这都需要用到混凝土。
由于采矿过程中会产生各种废料和污染物,其中含有大量的SO2、NOX、CO、SOX和醛等,这类物质与水接触反应生成硫酸、硝酸、碳酸等酸性溶液,而一般的喷料为碱性含有大量的Ca(OH)2,其中部分以游离态存在,因此如果直接用一般混凝土作为上述建筑的原料时将会被酸性水溶液腐蚀反应从而导致建筑的损坏,降低工程安全性和建筑使用年限。
发明内容
本发明提供了适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料及其制备方法,以解决现有的用于露天煤矿的建筑用混凝土,会被酸性水溶液腐蚀,导致建筑损坏,降低工程的安全性与使用年限的问题。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:
适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料,包括固体原料与水,按重量比计算,固体原料包括5~15份水泥、5~15微硅粉、5~10份的沙子、10~15份的煤渣和矿渣、8~15粉煤灰陶粒和3~8份的长纤维。
本技术方案的技术原理和效果在于:
1、通常人们遇到使用环境为酸性或碱性环境,对建筑有腐蚀影响这个问题时,想到的都是对混凝土本身进行改性,使其具备高强度与良好的耐腐蚀性能,但是这样的方式对建筑修建而言,成本是成倍增加的;而本申请的发明人另辟蹊径,通过研究发明了一种耐酸蚀喷料,该喷料能够涂覆在原有混凝土的表面,对原有混凝土的表面进行改性处理,使其具备耐腐蚀性能。
这样的方式既解决了现有的用于露天煤矿的建筑用混凝土,会被酸性水溶液腐蚀,导致建筑损坏,降低工程的安装性与使用年限的问题,同时又无需重建原有的混凝土建筑,对露天煤矿开采的商家而言,节约了很大一笔投入,经济价值极大。
2、本方案中长纤维的使用,一方面,长纤维由于自身具备低导热率和低密度的特点,使得制备的喷料的导热率低以及密度较低,这样使得喷料涂抹在煤矿建筑表面时,由于密度较低使得整个喷料的重量低,更好的附着在煤矿建筑的表面上,而不会因自重产生“下滑”的现象;另一方面,长纤维在喷料中还起到了“骨架”支撑作用,使得整个喷料具备更好的整体性,这样提高了其耐酸性腐蚀的能力。
3、本方案中由于微硅粉与粉煤灰陶粒中含有大量活性的SiO2和Al2O3,在潮湿的环境中与水泥的水化产物Ca(OH)2等碱性物质发生二次水化反应,生成水化硅酸钙、铝酸钙等胶凝物质,对喷料能起到增强作用,同时填充喷料的孔隙,降低喷料凝固成型后的气孔率,提高喷料硬化后的耐酸腐蚀能力。
4、本方案中由于煤渣与矿渣为煤矿的副产物,因此就地取材,能够很好的达到节能减排、废物利用的效果,同时相较于大量使用水泥或石膏,其喷料中Ca(OH)2含量降低,能够减缓甚至消除碱骨料反应,进而大幅度的提高了喷料的抗酸腐蚀能力。
进一步,所述沙子为河沙、湖沙、淡化海沙或三种的混合物,所述沙子的粒径小于5mm。
有益效果:这样粒径下一方面保证喷料的强度,另一方面也提高喷料的附着能力。
进一步,所述微硅粉中硅含量大于95%,微硅粉的粒径为0.1~0.2μm。
有益效果:这样能够提高其与氢氧化钙等碱性物质的反应能力,进一步提高填充孔隙的能力。
进一步,所述粉煤灰陶粒的粒径小于4mm。
有益效果:这样粉煤灰陶粒作为喷料中的骨料,减小陶粒之间形成的孔隙,提高耐酸性腐蚀能力。
进一步,所述煤渣和矿渣的粒径为6~20mm。
有益效果:该粒径下保证了喷料的强度,同时又保证喷料的附着力。
进一步,所述固体原料中加入了增稠剂,增稠剂占固体原料总质量的0.2~1.0%。
有益效果:增稠剂的加入进一步提高喷料的强度,以及减少孔隙的存在,使其耐腐蚀能力提高。
进一步,所述长纤维为塑料纤维、碳纤维或两者的混合物,长纤维的长度为10~30mm。
有益效果:本方案中,这样长度的长纤维使得相邻纤维之间的接触点较多,即在喷料中纤维之间形成了层状结构,即使采用较硬的碳纤维,也因此最终形成的是层状结构,使得整个喷料的强度提高,且不会碎裂,这样即便是在水流冲刷下,也不易产生裂纹。
本申请提供了一种适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料的制备方法,先将固体原料中的沙子、煤渣、矿渣、粉煤灰陶粒和长纤维采用机械搅拌混合,后加入水泥、微硅粉和水进行混合,搅拌的时间为3~5min,得到喷料。
本申请提供了一种适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料的使用方法,将制备得到的喷料喷涂在露天煤矿建筑的表面上,喷涂厚度为100~1000mm。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1得到的喷料喷涂在水池内壁,在酸性地表水中浸泡一个月后的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式进一步详细说明:
本发明提供了适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料的实施例1~6的原料配比表,如下表1所示。
表1为实施例1~6适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料配比(“--”表示不含有)
下面以实施例1为例详细说明适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料的制备方法,准备5kg的水泥、15kg的微硅粉、4kg的河沙、6kg的湖沙、10kg的煤渣和矿渣以及5kg的碳纤维,首先将准备好的河沙、湖沙、煤渣、矿渣、粉煤灰陶粒和碳纤维采用强制性搅拌机进行混合,后加入水泥、微硅粉和水进行搅拌,搅拌3~5分钟就得到了适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料。
实施例2~6的制备方法与实施例1相同,区别仅在于如表1所示的原料配比不同。
另外实施例1中,河沙与湖沙的粒径小于5mm,微硅粉中硅的质量分数要大于95%,且微硅粉的粒径为0.1~0.2μm,粉煤灰陶粒需要切粒后使用,且粒径小于4mm,煤渣与矿渣的粒径为6~20mm,碳纤维的长度为10~30mm,为了提高喷料的还加入了增稠剂,本实施例中增稠剂为硝化纤维素,增稠剂加入的量为固体原料总量的0.5%。
实施例1~6制备的喷料采用人工或喷浆机喷涂在露天煤矿建筑的表面,涂抹的厚度为100~1000mm,这里的厚度与喷料则根据具体涂覆的建筑进行选择。
例如实施例1与实施例4制备得到的喷料适用于涂刷在露天煤矿外围储水池的内壁上,由于储水池是用于长时间储存废水的,因此随着时间的增长废水的酸性也在不断增强,而实施例1与实施例4由于微硅粉的含量较高,形成的凝胶产物也越多,更好的填充水泥石结构,改善喷料的微观结构,因此凝固后的硬化体耐腐蚀性能与耐久性都更好。
而实施例2与实施例5制备得到的喷料就适用于涂刷在露天煤矿外围的排水管道上,由于排水管道较长,并长期暴露在阳光下,因此选用加入塑料纤维的喷料,同时由于受到的排水冲击力小,无需加入碳纤维。
而实施例3与实施例6制备得到的喷料则适用于涂刷在露天煤矿外围的防洪堤坝的表面上,由于防洪堤主要在雨季受到洪水冲击,水的酸度较低因此微硅粉加入的量较少,而受到水流的冲击力大,因此加入的长纤维较多,以增强喷料凝固成型后的整体性、强度和韧性。
实验测试:
将实施例1~6得到的砂浆喷涂在水池的内壁上形成喷浆层,待喷浆层凝固后,在水池中装入呈酸性的地表水,以实施例1为,喷浆层在酸性地表水中浸泡1个月后,如图1所示,可以观察到喷浆层的表面无气孔和裂纹产生,说明本申请中提供的砂浆材料具有良好的耐酸性腐蚀性能。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体材料及特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明实施例的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准,说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。
Claims (8)
1.适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料,其特征在于:包括固体原料与水,按重量比计算,固体原料包括5~15份水泥、5~15微硅粉、5~10份的沙子、10~15份的煤渣和矿渣、8~15粉煤灰陶粒和3~8份的长纤维;所述沙子为河沙、湖沙、淡化海沙或三种的混合物,所述沙子的粒径小于5mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料,其特征在于:所述微硅粉中硅含量大于95%,微硅粉的粒径为0.1~0.2μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料,其特征在于:所述粉煤灰陶粒的粒径小于4mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料,其特征在于:所述煤渣和矿渣的粒径为6~20mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料,其特征在于:所述固体原料中加入了增稠剂,增稠剂占固体原料总质量的0.2~1.0%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料,其特征在于:所述长纤维为塑料纤维、碳纤维或两者的混合物,长纤维的长度为10~30mm。
7.一种制备权利要求1所述的适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料的方法,其特征在于:先将固体原料中的沙子、煤渣、矿渣、粉煤灰陶粒和长纤维采用机械搅拌混合,后加入水泥、微硅粉和水进行混合,搅拌的时间为3~5min,得到喷料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的适用于二叠纪露天煤矿建筑的耐酸腐蚀喷料的使用方法,其特征在于:将制备得到的喷料喷涂在露天煤矿建筑的表面上,喷涂厚度为100~1000mm。
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