CN111464227A - Low-earth-orbit satellite network switching method, device and system - Google Patents
Low-earth-orbit satellite network switching method, device and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111464227A CN111464227A CN202010184862.XA CN202010184862A CN111464227A CN 111464227 A CN111464227 A CN 111464227A CN 202010184862 A CN202010184862 A CN 202010184862A CN 111464227 A CN111464227 A CN 111464227A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/54—Organization of routing tables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
- H04W84/06—Airborne or Satellite Networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, equipment and a system for switching a low-orbit satellite network, wherein the method is executed by a satellite and comprises the following steps: receiving a data request from a base station; detecting whether a flow table of the self flow table has a flow table item from an original address to a destination address; and if the flow table entry exists, forwarding the data of the next hop according to the specified flow table entry. The invention reduces unnecessary data request and other work flows by issuing the flow table in advance for switching, thereby effectively reducing the time delay and the packet loss rate brought by switching the base station and the satellite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite networks, in particular to a method, equipment and a system for switching a low-orbit satellite network.
Background
The establishment of efficient and reliable satellite communication networks is a great trend of the development of 5G or even 6G in the future. The traditional satellite network brings the problems of large propagation delay, poor propagation effect and the like of a communication link due to the wide coverage area, the ultra-large space-time span and the high-dynamic network topology, and in addition, the satellite network has poor computing capability and limited network resources unlike the ground network resources.
Since the low orbit satellites move at high speed relative to the earth's surface, users cannot always communicate using the same satellite or beam during communication, requiring frequent completion of user data link handoff from one satellite to another. However, the existing switching modes of the satellite and the base station are hard switching modes, and direct switching between the satellite and the base station causes time delay in a network and improves packet loss rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to at least solving the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a low-orbit satellite network switching method which can reduce time delay and packet loss rate during network switching.
The invention also provides a satellite.
The invention also provides a base station.
The invention also provides a control center.
The invention also provides a low-orbit network switching system.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for switching a network of a low-earth orbit satellite, which is performed by a satellite, and includes:
receiving a data request from a base station;
detecting whether a flow table of the self flow table has a flow table item from an original address to a destination address;
and if the flow table entry exists, forwarding the data of the next hop according to the specified flow table entry.
The low-orbit satellite network switching method of the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: the designed low-orbit satellite system network realizes the function of a switching module of a control center, and a satellite moving at a high speed and a ground base station necessarily generate relative position change, so that the low-orbit satellite must solve the switching problem with the ground base station and design a corresponding switching function and algorithm; secondly, aiming at the hard switching process, on the basis of detailed analysis of the hard switching process in the traditional mode, a hard switching algorithm based on the flow table item issuing in advance is provided, so that the working processes of unnecessary data requests and the like are reduced, and the time delay and the packet loss rate brought by the switching between the base station and the satellite are effectively reduced.
According to other embodiments of the invention, a method for switching a low earth orbit satellite network further comprises:
receiving a data packet from the base station and sending the data packet to a control center;
and receiving a flow table entry from the control center, and completing data forwarding according to the flow table entry.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the low earth orbit satellite network switching method includes: duration of communication, idle timeout, matching priority, data input port, MAC and IP addresses of source and destination, and action set.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for switching a low earth orbit satellite network, which is performed by a base station, and includes:
detecting the pilot signal strength of a satellite in the field;
if the pilot signal intensity of the unconnected satellite exceeds a preset threshold value and/or the pilot signal intensity of the connected satellite is lower than the threshold value, sending a switching request to a control center;
and receiving a switching command of the control center, and terminating the communication of the connected satellite and/or accessing the beam of the unconnected satellite.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for switching a low earth orbit satellite network, which is performed by a control center, and includes:
receiving a switching request from a base station and detecting whether the switching request is reasonable or not;
and if the switching request is reasonable, a switching command with target information is sent to the base station.
According to other embodiments of the invention, a method for switching a low earth orbit satellite network further comprises:
receiving a data packet from the satellite;
the data packet is computed and analyzed to execute flow entries containing forwarding rules and the flow entries are sent to the satellite.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a satellite, where the first receiving module is configured to receive a data request, a data packet, and a flow entry of a control center from a base station;
the first detection module is used for detecting whether a flow table entry from an original address to a destination address exists in the flow table of the first detection module;
the execution module is used for executing data forwarding according to the flow table entry;
and the first sending module is used for sending the data packet to a control center.
The low-orbit satellite network switching method of the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: aiming at the hard switching process of the satellite and the base station, on the basis of detailed analysis of the hard switching process in the traditional mode, a hard switching algorithm based on the flow table items issued in advance is provided, so that the working processes of unnecessary data requests and the like are reduced, and the time delay and the packet loss rate brought by the switching of the base station and the satellite are effectively reduced.
In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a base station, including:
the second detection module is used for detecting the pilot signal strength of the satellite in the field;
the comparison module is used for comparing the strength of the pilot signal of the detected satellite with a preset threshold value to obtain a comparison result;
the second sending module is used for sending a switching request to the control center according to the comparison result;
the second receiving module is used for receiving a switching command from the control center;
and the control module is used for cutting off the beam of the connected satellite or accessing the beam of the unconnected satellite.
In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a control center, including:
a third receiving module, configured to receive a handover request from a base station;
the third detection module is used for detecting whether the switching request is reasonable or not;
and the third sending module is used for sending the switching command with the target information to the base station.
In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a low earth orbit satellite network switching system, including:
a satellite as described above;
a base station as described above;
a control center as described above.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for switching a low earth orbit satellite network according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for switching a low earth orbit satellite network;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for switching a low earth orbit satellite network according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a satellite-to-ground handover process according to an embodiment of a method for handing over a low earth orbit satellite network according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating distribution of nodes at the beginning of a network environment according to an embodiment of a method for switching a low earth orbit satellite network;
FIG. 6 shows the distribution of nodes at the end of a network environment in an embodiment of a method for switching a low earth orbit satellite network in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a comparison of the time delay between two base stations during a handoff process over multiple trials;
fig. 8 is a comparison of packet loss rates between two base stations during a handover process under multiple tests;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a low-rail network switching system in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 10 is a block diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of modules of a control center according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a satellite according to the invention.
Reference numerals: 100. a satellite; 110. a first receiving module; 120. a first detection module; 130. an execution module; 140. a first sending module; 200. a base station; 210. a second detection module; 220. a comparison module; 230. a second sending module; 240. a second receiving module; 250. a control module; 300. a control center; 310. a third receiving module; 320. a third detection module; 330. and a third sending module.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, if an orientation description is referred to, for example, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. If a feature is referred to as being "disposed," "secured," "connected," or "mounted" to another feature, it can be directly disposed, secured, or connected to the other feature or indirectly disposed, secured, connected, or mounted to the other feature.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, if "a number" is referred to, it means one or more, if "a plurality" is referred to, it means two or more, if "greater than", "less than" or "more than" is referred to, it is understood that the number is not included, and if "greater than", "lower" or "inner" is referred to, it is understood that the number is included. If reference is made to "first" or "second", this should be understood to distinguish between features and not to indicate or imply relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of indicated features or to implicitly indicate the precedence of the indicated features.
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, a flowchart of a low earth orbit satellite network handover method in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The embodiment of the invention discloses a low orbit satellite network switching method, which is executed by a base station and specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, detecting the pilot signal intensity of the satellite in the field;
since the satellites are in high speed motion at the moment, the position of the base station remains. Therefore, as the satellite moves at a high speed, the distance between the satellite and the base station changes. If two base stations on the ground are connected with the same low-orbit satellite to finish communication data transmission at first, and one base station enters the signal coverage range of the other satellite along with the high-speed movement of the satellite, the base station detects that the strength of the pilot signal of the satellite is enhanced, and the strength of the pilot signal received by the original satellite is reduced.
S12, if the pilot signal intensity of the unconnected satellite exceeds a preset threshold and/or the pilot signal intensity of the connected satellite is lower than a threshold, sending a switching request to a control center; whether a switching request is sent to a control center is judged by comparing a preset threshold value with the detected pilot signal strength of the satellite so as to ensure that the satellite switching of the base station is more accurate, the satellite is not switched randomly, and the switching is carried out according to the pilot signal strength of the satellite so as to ensure that the communication strength of the base station is high.
And S13, receiving a switching command of the control center, and terminating the communication of the connected satellite and/or accessing the beam of the unconnected satellite.
After the switching request is sent to the control center, the control center can judge according to the sent switching request, and receives the switching request from the control center after judging that the switching request is qualified. If the pilot signal intensity of the unconnected satellite exceeds a preset threshold value, accessing a beam of the unconnected satellite according to the switching request; if the pilot signal intensity of the connected satellite is lower than the preset intensity and the pilot signal intensity of the unconnected satellite exceeds the preset threshold value, the connected satellite is disconnected from communication, and meanwhile, the beam of the unconnected satellite is accessed, so that the base station can perform data interaction with the strongest communication intensity.
Example two: referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a low earth orbit satellite network switching method, which is executed by a control center and includes:
s21, receiving a switching request from the base station and detecting whether the switching request is reasonable; receiving a handover request from a base station before the base station does not handover a satellite requires a determination of the handover request. Since the control center collects the forwarding relationship between the global network view and the originally connected satellite of the base station, that is, the flow table entry between the base station and the satellite needs to be judged after the switching request is received.
And if the switching request is reasonable, a switching command with target information is sent to the base station. And sending a switching command with target information to the base station after the switching request is reasonable, so that the base station can directly access the beam of the unconnected satellite according to the switching command with the target information.
S22, receiving a data packet from a satellite; after the satellite is connected to the base station, the data packet sent to the satellite by the base station is received, and the data packet can be replaced by the header segment and the buffer ID of the data stream.
S23 calculates and analyzes the packet to execute the flow entry containing the forwarding rule, and transmits the flow entry to the satellite. After the data packet is calculated and analyzed through the routing module and the like, the flow table item containing the forwarding rule is designated, and then the executed flow table item is sent to the connected satellite, so that the connected satellite can 'inform' the corresponding forwarding node how to perform the next forwarding task as soon as possible according to the flow table item in advance, and the communication between the satellite and the base station is completed.
Example three: referring to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a low earth orbit satellite network switching method, which is executed by a satellite, and includes:
s31, receiving a data request from the base station; when the base station accesses the beam of the unconnected satellite after starting to switch satellites and the data stream is also transferred from the original communication link to the new communication link, the base station receives a data request from the base station.
S32, detecting whether the flow table has flow table items from the original address to the destination address;
and S33, if the flow table entry exists, forwarding the data of the next hop according to the specified flow table entry.
After receiving the data request, firstly, inquiring whether a flow table entry from an original address to a destination address exists in a flow table of the self. And the flow table entry includes: duration of communication, idle timeout, matching priority, data input port, MAC and IP addresses of source and destination, and action set. The interaction condition of the data in the system can be obtained by analyzing the change of the flow table entry. And the change of the flow table before and after switching is as follows: referring to fig. 4, a is a satellite, B is a control center, and C is a base station. Assuming that the first satellite is an unconnected satellite and the second satellite is a connected satellite, before switching, the second satellite has a flow table of a data forwarding process, and at the moment, the first base station and the second base station communicate through a second satellite port 1 and a second satellite port 2; after switching, the first satellite, the second satellite and the control all have related flow tables, and the first base station and the second base station transmit a switching request of the first base station through the forwarding relation of the second satellite, and the switching request is judged and a command for agreeing switching is issued to the first base station and the first satellite. And the flow table corresponding to the first satellite "informs" the corresponding forwarding node how to carry out the next forwarding task as soon as possible in advance.
The low earth orbit satellite network switching method further comprises the following steps:
s34, receiving a data packet from the base station and sending the data packet to a control center;
and S35, receiving the flow table entry from the control center, and completing data forwarding according to the flow table entry.
When the satellite connects with the base station and then performs data transmission with the base station, the flow table entry is stored on the satellite according to the preset storage time according to the setting of the control center function module, and the storage time is 6 minutes in this embodiment. Because the time for storing the flow table items on the satellite is short, the satellite generally does not store the corresponding forwarding rule of the ground base station, so that the data packet received from the base station is sent to the control center for decentralization to make the flow table items, the data forwarding work is completed according to the flow table, and the communication between the satellite and the base station is completed.
In the fourth embodiment, referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, two base stations are provided and defined as a first base station and a second base station, and two satellites are provided and defined as a first satellite and a second satellite. By comparing the average communication delay between two base stations for many times, it can be seen from the figure that before the base station switches the satellites, the two base stations directly transmit data through the same low-orbit satellite, and the time delay between the two base stations is about 60 ms. The data transmission time delay is about 60 ms. The relative position change of the satellite to the base station is continuously carried out, wherein the first base station enters a position where the signal strength values of the first satellite and the second satellite are equal at 11s, and the base station completes the switching process between different satellites at about 12s after a series of processes such as signal strength judgment, switching request and the like. It can be found that the time delay caused by the switching mode based on the flow table entry issued in advance is lower than that caused by directly adopting the hard switching method. Wherein, the average time delay of hard switching is 188.4ms, and the average time delay of the switching mode for issuing the relevant rule flow table entry in advance is 128.2 ms. The average reduction of the handoff delay is 60.2ms, because the satellite st1 avoids the waiting time of the satellite requesting the data forwarding rule from the ground station in the direct hard handoff mode in the handoff mode based on the early delivery of the flow table entry. After the handover is completed, the delay between the two base stations stabilizes at around 124 ms.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, fig. 7 is a comparison of time delays between two base stations when a handover process occurs under multiple experiments; fig. 8 is a comparison of packet loss ratios between two base stations in a handover process under multiple experiments. It can be seen that, at 0-10 s, packet loss rates of the two handover methods fluctuate by about 3%, because the base station bs1 performs handover between the satellite st1 and the satellite st2 for about 11s, packet loss rates under the two handover algorithms are increased to different degrees, when a hard handover algorithm is adopted, the packet loss rate during handover is about 30%, and when a hard handover algorithm based on a forwarding table entry is adopted, the packet loss rate is about 18%, and after the handover is completed, the packet loss rate of a newly established communication link between the base station 1 and the base station 2 gradually stabilizes at about 10%. According to the relation between the packet loss rate and the time between the two base stations, the packet loss rate between the two base stations is the largest at the time node when the base station and the satellite are switched, because the base station is disconnected with the original satellite firstly and then establishes a communication link with a new satellite in a hard switching mode, and a serious packet loss phenomenon can be generated in the process; secondly, by the packet loss rate at the time point of the switching process under the two algorithms, it can be known that the packet loss rate of the switching method issued in advance based on the flow table item is lower than that of the hard switching, because the satellite directly forwards the data requested by the ground base station, the data packet loss caused by waiting for the ground control center to issue the instruction can be reduced to a certain extent.
In a fifth embodiment, referring to fig. 9 and fig. 10, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a base station, including: a second detection module 210, a comparison module 220, a second sending module 230, a second receiving module 240, and a control module 250; the second detection module 210 is used for detecting the pilot signal strength of the satellite 100 in the field; the comparing module 220 is configured to compare the detected pilot signal strength of the satellite 100 with a preset threshold to obtain a comparison result; the second sending module 230 is configured to send a switching request to the control center 300 according to the comparison result; the second receiving module 240 is configured to receive a handover command from the control center 300; the control module 250 is used to cut off the beam of a connected satellite 100 or to access an unconnected satellite 100.
The implementation steps of a base station are subject to embodiment one and are not described herein.
Example six: referring to fig. 9 and 11, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a control center, including: a third receiving module 310, a third detecting module 320, and a third sending module 330; the third receiving module 310 is configured to receive a handover request from the base station 200; the third detecting module 320 is configured to detect whether the handover request is reasonable; the third sending module 330 is configured to send the handover command with the target information to the base station 200.
A second embodiment of specific parameters of the execution steps of the control center is not described herein again.
Example seven: referring to fig. 9 and 12, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a satellite, including: a first receiving module 110, a first detecting module, an executing module 130 and a first sending module 140; a first receiving module 110, configured to receive a data request, a data packet, and a flow entry of the control center 300 from the base station 200; the first detection module 120 is configured to detect whether a flow table itself has a flow table entry from an original address to a destination address; an execution module 130, configured to perform data forwarding according to the flow entry; the first sending module 140 is configured to send the data packet to the control center 300.
The steps performed by a satellite are as described in the third embodiment, and are not described herein again.
Example eight: referring to fig. 9, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a network switching system for a low earth orbit satellite 100, including: the satellite 100, the base station 200, and the control center 300, wherein the base station 200 refers to the first embodiment, the control center 300 refers to the second embodiment, and the satellite 100 refers to the third embodiment. The base station 200 sends the flow table entry to the control center 300 before switching the satellite 100 and then switches, so that the time delay of the base station 200 is reduced, and the packet loss rate of the base station 200 is reduced.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A method for switching a network of a low earth orbit satellite, the method being performed by a satellite and comprising:
receiving a data request from a base station;
detecting whether a flow table of the self flow table has a flow table item from an original address to a destination address;
and if the flow table entry exists, forwarding the data of the next hop according to the specified flow table entry.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a data packet from the base station and sending the data packet to a control center;
and receiving a flow table entry from the control center, and completing data forwarding according to the flow table entry.
3. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the flow table entry comprises: duration of communication, idle timeout, matching priority, data input port, MAC and IP addresses of source and destination, and action set.
4. A method for switching a low earth orbit satellite network, performed by a base station, comprising:
detecting the pilot signal strength of a satellite in the field;
if the pilot signal intensity of the unconnected satellite exceeds a preset threshold value and/or the pilot signal intensity of the connected satellite is lower than the threshold value, sending a switching request to a control center;
and receiving a switching command of the control center, and terminating the communication of the connected satellite and/or accessing the beam of the unconnected satellite.
5. A low-earth-orbit satellite network switching method is executed by a control center and comprises the following steps:
receiving a switching request from a base station and detecting whether the switching request is reasonable or not;
and if the switching request is reasonable, a switching command with target information is sent to the base station.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving a data packet from the satellite;
the data packet is computed and analyzed to execute flow entries containing forwarding rules and the flow entries are sent to the satellite.
7. A satellite, comprising:
the first receiving module is used for receiving a data request, a data packet and a flow table item of a control center from a base station;
the first detection module is used for detecting whether a flow table entry from an original address to a destination address exists in the flow table of the first detection module;
the execution module is used for executing data forwarding according to the flow table entry;
and the first sending module is used for sending the data packet to a control center.
8. A base station, comprising:
the second detection module is used for detecting the pilot signal strength of the satellite in the field;
the comparison module is used for comparing the strength of the pilot signal of the detected satellite with a preset threshold value to obtain a comparison result;
the second sending module is used for sending a switching request to the control center according to the comparison result;
the second receiving module is used for receiving a switching command from the control center;
and the control module is used for cutting off the beam of the connected satellite or accessing the beam of the unconnected satellite.
9. A control center, comprising:
a third receiving module, configured to receive a handover request from a base station;
the third detection module is used for detecting whether the switching request is reasonable or not;
and the third sending module is used for sending the switching command with the target information to the base station.
10. A low earth orbit satellite network handoff system, comprising:
a satellite according to claim 7;
a base station according to claim 8;
a control center as claimed in claim 9.
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| CN112054823B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-04-15 | 重庆邮电大学 | Low-earth-orbit satellite communication switching method |
| CN112653507A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-13 | 东方红卫星移动通信有限公司 | Mobile switching method and system for low-orbit communication satellite constellation |
| CN112653507B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-07-26 | 东方红卫星移动通信有限公司 | Mobile switching method and system for low-orbit communication satellite constellation |
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