CN110582094A - Timing trigger switching method based on ephemeris and user position calculation - Google Patents
Timing trigger switching method based on ephemeris and user position calculation Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
- H04B7/18539—Arrangements for managing radio, resources, i.e. for establishing or releasing a connection
- H04B7/18541—Arrangements for managing radio, resources, i.e. for establishing or releasing a connection for handover of resources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
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- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
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Abstract
The invention discloses a timing trigger switching method based on ephemeris and user position calculation, which belongs to the field of low-orbit satellite communication and has the working principle that: (1) receiving a measurement report of position and speed periodically transmitted by a user by a gateway station, (2) judging a target beam/satellite/gateway station and a switching mode by the gateway station according to ephemeris calculation, (3) calculating delta t according to the conditions of a source gateway station, a target gateway station and the switching mode1Value, (4) compute t based on ephemeris and user positionoff‑treportAnd Δ t2Value, (5) pre-switching decision is made according to the above calculated value, (6)Establishing a timer if the pre-switch condition is met, (7) timing the timer (t)off‑treport‑Δt1‑Δt2) The gateway station initiates pre-handover, (8) timer timing (t)off‑treport‑Δt2) And the back gateway station transmits a switching command to the user. The switching preparation stage of the low-orbit satellite system by using the method of the invention depends on the calculation of the gateway station, and the terminal does not need to carry out the pilot frequency measurement of the adjacent cell/wave beam, thereby effectively solving the switching problem of small wave beam overlapping area and being widely applied to various scenes of the low-orbit satellite system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of low-orbit satellite communication, and particularly relates to a timing trigger switching method based on ephemeris and user position calculation in a low-orbit satellite system.
Technical Field
With the development of global low-orbit satellite constellation construction, the problem of user switching under a low-orbit satellite system is increasingly highlighted, and how to effectively complete the switching of users across beams, satellites and gateway stations becomes a great problem to be solved when the low-orbit satellite system provides high-quality services for the users. In the ground mobile communication system, the problem of cross-cell and cross-system handover of users is always taken as a key technology, and the technical scheme of the development of the 2G to 5G mobile communication system is mature. At present, the terrestrial mobile communication handover technology includes hard handover, soft handover and softer handover, all three handover modes need to be completed in a cell overlapping area or a system coverage overlapping area, and handover preparation stages of the whole handover process need to measure adjacent cells or systems and complete handover decision depending on a signal strength measurement report.
Compared with the ground mobile communication system, the low-orbit satellite system has the advantages that the relative movement speed of the satellite and the user is high, the coverage area of a single wave beam of the satellite is far larger than the ground cell range, but under the condition that the user is static, the time length of the single wave beam sweeping the user is in the order of minutes and seconds, which means that each user in the low-orbit satellite system can be switched once in a short time. Therefore, the user handover of the low earth orbit satellite system is very frequent, and the user handover performance largely determines the system user experience.
In the construction of a low-earth-orbit satellite system, in order to realize efficient coverage of a limited number of satellites, an optimization target of minimizing a beam overlapping area is required. This results in a smaller beam overlap area for some low earth orbit satellite systems. For a low orbit satellite system with a large beam overlapping area, the residence time of a user in the overlapping area is far longer than the complete time of the switching full process, and one way for solving the problem of low orbit satellite switching is as follows: the ground mobile communication switching scheme is adopted, and adaptive modification is carried out aiming at switching measurement report lag and the like caused by large link transmission delay. However, for a low orbit satellite system with a small beam overlapping area, if a ground mobile communication handover scheme is adopted, it cannot be guaranteed that a user completes a handover full process within the residence time of the overlapping area, or even that the terminal inter-frequency measurement gap (the time length is about 6ms) cannot be guaranteed. Under the design scheme, the switching judgment mode of the system cannot adopt the switching judgment of the set of the ground mobile communication based on the signal strength measurement report of the adjacent cell. On the other hand, link transmission unilateral time delay under a low earth orbit satellite system (satellite transparent forwarding) can reach dozens of milliseconds, and the whole flow time delay of a switching scheme of the ground mobile communication system is longer, so that the user experience of frequent switching is not facilitated.
in summary, there is no better solution for the handover scheme of the low-earth orbit satellite system (satellite transparent relay) with a smaller beam overlapping area, which can not rely on the measurement report of the strength of the pilot signal, but reduce the handover procedure.
Disclosure of Invention
Compared with the random switching of the ground mobile communication system caused by the terminal speed, the switching of the low-orbit satellite system is mainly caused by the high-speed movement of the satellite, and the user switching has certainty. The gateway station can calculate the terminal switching time and the switching target according to the ephemeris, the user position and the speed. Aiming at the problem of switching of a low-orbit satellite system with a small beam overlapping area, the invention provides a timing trigger switching method based on ephemeris and user position calculation.
The invention provides a timing trigger switching method based on ephemeris and user position calculation in a low-orbit satellite system, the flow of which is shown in figure 1, and the timing relation of the switching event is shown in figure 2.
The measurement report in fig. 1 is the position and velocity of the user; minimizing Δ t on the premise that a handover command can be received before the user leaves the source beam coverage area2to set a timing point thandover(ii) a Satisfy the user leaving the source beam coverageon the premise that a switching command can be received before the region, the shortest time interval from the reservation of target beam user resources to the formal use is ensured, the resource waste is avoided, and a timing point t is setpro_h
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method of timing-triggered handover based on ephemeris and user position calculation, the method comprising:
Step 1: the source gateway station judges a target beam, a satellite, a gateway station and a switching mode to be switched by a user according to a currently received measurement report and ephemeris, wherein the measurement report comprises position and speed information of the user;
Step 2: calculating delta t from source gateway station, target gateway station and handover pattern situation1Value, Δ t1Representing the time difference from the execution of pre-switching to the issuing of switching commands; Δ t1The value calculation relates to the optical fiber transmission time delay from a source gateway station to a target gateway station, the internal related processing time delay and the compensation quantity of the source gateway station and the target gateway station, and can be indexed in a gateway station data table; wherein, the data table value is updated regularly according to the measured value, and the source gateway station and the target gateway station can be the same gateway station;
And step 3: calculating the time difference t from the measurement report received by the gateway station to the source beam coverage leaving the user according to the ephemeris and the user positionoff-treportAnd the time difference delta t of the switching command of the source gateway station issued to the terminal leaving the current beam coverage2＝TUG+Δt0(ii) a Wherein, toffRepresenting the time at which the source beam coverage leaves the user, treportThe time of receiving the measurement report by the gateway station is represented, the TUG is the time delay from the source gateway station to the user, and the calculation is carried out according to the ephemeris and the position of the user; Δ t0The method specifically comprises the steps of performing relevant processing time delay for the interior of a source gateway station, specifically comprising switching command signal generation time delay, switching command signal transmission time delay and compensation quantity, and presetting according to a data table stored in the gateway station;
and 4, step 4: judging whether to perform pre-switching before the measurement report of the next period arrives according to the current received measurement report; the judgment conditions are as follows:
Δt1+Δt2≤toff-treport＜Treport+Δt1+Δt2
Wherein, TreportFor the measurement report reporting period, if toff-treportIf the judgment condition is met, a timer is established;
And 5: timing toff-treport-Δt1-Δt2After the time length, the gateway station initiates pre-switching;
step 6: timing toff-treport-Δt2After the time length is long, the gateway station sends a switching command to the user;
And 7: after receiving the switching command, the user disconnects the source beam and establishes synchronization with the target beam.
Further, Δ t in said step 21Value calculation method
In the formula, TGij＝TGjiFor the fibre transmission delay, Δ T, from source gateway station i to destination gateway station jaiand Δ TajInternal correlation processing delays, T, for source gateway station i and target gateway station j, respectivelybfor the total compensation, the above parameters can be obtained by table lookup and indexing, and a represents the category of the time delay.
Further, t in the step 3off-treportThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Wherein R is the earth radius, h is the satellite height,for satellite velocity, | BU | is the user's relative beam motion trajectory length.
further, the switching mode in the timing trigger switching method based on ephemeris and user position calculation is determined by adopting the following method:
Step 1: a source gateway station receives a user measurement report and obtains the position and speed information of a user;
Step 2: calculating the ground coverage ranges of a plurality of satellites adjacent to the current service satellite in the constellation topological graph according to the ephemeris;
and step 3: judging whether the user is in the coverage range of a plurality of satellites, if the number of the satellites covering the user is not less than 2, calculating gateway stations where other satellites except the current service satellite are located, and executing the step 5; if the number of the satellites covering the user is only 1, executing the step 4;
And 4, step 4: calculating adjacent beams in the motion direction relative to the current service satellite according to ephemeris, user positions and satellite load beam parameters, determining the adjacent beams as target beams, and judging that the switching mode is an intra-satellite cross-beam switching mode;
And 5: selecting a target satellite by adopting a strategy based on longest service time, load balancing and optimal channel quality; if the target satellite is the current service satellite, executing the step 4; otherwise, executing step 6;
Step 6: determining a gateway station to which a target satellite belongs, if the gateway station to which the target satellite belongs is the current service gateway station, determining the target gateway station, and judging the target gateway station to be an inter-satellite switching mode in the gateway station; and if the current service gateway station is not the current service gateway station, the target gateway station determines and judges to be in the cross-gateway station inter-satellite switching mode.
Furthermore, the adjacent satellites in the step 2 are two satellites in front and back of the same orbit and two satellites in different orbits.
Compared with the prior art, the timing trigger switching method based on ephemeris and user position calculation in the low-orbit satellite system has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention adopts the gateway station to calculate based on ephemeris and user position and triggers the switching at fixed time, thereby effectively solving the switching problem under the condition of small beam overlapping area of the low-orbit satellite system.
(2) the invention carries out switching pre-judgment through ephemeris and user position calculation, does not generate data transmission interruption in the switching preparation stage, and has less signaling interaction flow between the terminal and the gateway station.
(3) The method is based on ephemeris and user position calculation, not only can be used in a low-orbit satellite system with a small beam overlapping area, but also can be used in a low-orbit satellite system with a large beam overlapping area, and the method can be used for effectively solving the switching problem under various modes as long as a gateway station can obtain the ephemeris and the low-orbit satellite system of the user position.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a timing-triggered handover method based on ephemeris and user position calculation according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the timing of handover in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a handover mode decision process based on ephemeris and user position according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a terminal and satellite coverage scenario.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional scene of a terminal and a current beam of a current satellite.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
The invention provides a timing trigger switching method based on ephemeris and user position calculation in a low-orbit satellite system, as shown in figure 1, the method comprises the following components: receiving measurement report 1, determining target beam/satellite/gateway station and handover pattern 2 based on ephemeris and user position, calculating Δ t based on handover pattern1value 3, computing t based on ephemeris and user positionoff-treportand Δ t2value 4, pre-switch decision condition 5 is met, timer 6 is established, pre-switch 7 is initiated, and switch command 8 is issued.
To illustrate a timing-triggered handover method based on ephemeris and user position calculation in a low-earth-orbit satellite system, taking inter-satellite beam handover as an example, a scene covered by a terminal and a satellite is shown in fig. 4, and a three-dimensional scene of the terminal and a current beam of a current satellite is shown in fig. 5. The specific treatment steps are as follows:
Step 1: the gateway station receives the measurement report (user position, speed, etc.) sent by the user, and obtains the coordinate of the user position as (x)U,yU,zU) Terminal moving speed vUwhere the terminal velocity is much less than the satellite velocity, the effect of the change in the terminal velocity, which results in the user's position, on the method calculation is negligible during the whole time period handled by the method of the invention, thus letting v be a single functionU＝0。
Step 2: the gateway station may periodically obtain low-orbit satellite system ephemeris from the measurement and control station. The gateway station calculates the coverage of the satellites #1, #3, #4, #5 adjacent to the satellite #2 currently serving the terminal on the earth's surface from the ephemeris and the satellite load parameters, as shown in fig. 4.
And step 3: and solving the geometrical relationship to obtain that the user is only covered by 1 satellite, calculating adjacent beams in the motion direction of the relative service satellite according to the ephemeris of the current service satellite and the satellite load parameters, judging the number of the target beam, and judging that the switching mode is intra-satellite cross-beam switching.
And 4, step 4: obtaining intermediate parameters by indexing a data table established in advance, and calculating the corresponding delta t of the current switching mode1Value, Δ t1The value calculation method is as follows:
In the formula, TGij＝TGjiFor the fibre transmission delay, Δ T, from source gateway station i to destination gateway station jaiAnd Δ TajRespectively the internal correlation processing time delay or compensation quantity of the source gateway station i and the target gateway station j, the above parameters can be obtained by table look-up index, TbTo compensate for the amount.
And 5: calculating the time difference t from the measurement report received by the gateway station to the user leaving the coverage range of the source beam according to the ephemeris of the current service satellite and the position of the useroff-treport. As shown in fig. 5, the length of the relative beam motion trajectory of the user | BU | is calculated first, and then t is calculatedoff-treportThe calculation is made by the following formula:
Wherein R is the earth radius, h is the satellite height,is the satellite velocity.
Completion of toff-treportAfter calculating (c), t can be further calculatedoffPosition S of time service satelliteoffThen Δ t2the value is calculated by the following formula:
Where c is the speed of light, Δ t0For the compensation, it can be obtained by looking up the table index at the gateway station.
step 6: judging toff-treportWhether or not to be greater than or equal to Δ t1+Δt2And is less than Treport+Δt1+Δt2. If the conditions are met, the gateway station establishes a timer and starts timing; if the condition is not satisfied, the gateway station waits for the arrival of the measurement report of the next period.
And 7: timer toff-treport-Δt1-Δt2and then, the gateway station initiates pre-switching, reserves uplink service resources of the target beam for the terminal, and simultaneously allocates a fixed preamble sequence to the terminal.
And 8: timer toff-treport-Δt2After the time length is long, the gateway station issues a switching command to the user, and the switching command comprises a target beam preparation condition, a preamble sequence used for uplink synchronization of the target beam and the like.
And step 9: after the terminal receives the switching command, the terminal is already in the coverage range of the target wave beam and is disconnected from the source wave beam and is synchronized with the target wave beam.
the above detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention used herein, is merely intended to facilitate the understanding of the methods and apparatuses of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method of timing-triggered handover based on ephemeris and user position calculation, the method comprising:
Step 1: the source gateway station judges a target beam, a satellite, a gateway station and a switching mode to be switched by a user according to a currently received measurement report and ephemeris, wherein the measurement report comprises position and speed information of the user;
Step 2: calculating delta t from source gateway station, target gateway station and handover pattern situation1value, Δ t1representing the time difference from the execution of pre-switching to the issuing of switching commands; Δ t1The value calculation relates to the optical fiber transmission time delay from a source gateway station to a target gateway station, the internal related processing time delay and the compensation quantity of the source gateway station and the target gateway station, and can be indexed in a gateway station data table; wherein, the data table value is updated regularly according to the measured value, and the source gateway station and the target gateway station can be the same gateway station;
And step 3: calculating the time difference from the measurement report received by the gateway station to the source beam coverage leaving the user according to the ephemeris and the user positionAnd the time difference delta t of the switching command of the source gateway station issued to the terminal leaving the current beam coverage2＝TUG+Δt0(ii) a Wherein, toffRepresenting the time at which the source beam coverage leaves the user, treportthe time of receiving the measurement report by the gateway station is represented, the TUG is the time delay from the source gateway station to the user, and the calculation is carried out according to the ephemeris and the position of the user; Δ t0The method specifically comprises the steps of performing relevant processing time delay for the interior of a source gateway station, specifically comprising switching command signal generation time delay, switching command signal transmission time delay and compensation quantity, and presetting according to a data table stored in the gateway station;
And 4, step 4: judging whether to perform pre-switching before the measurement report of the next period arrives according to the current received measurement report; the judgment conditions are as follows:
Δt1+Δt2≤toff-treport＜Treport+Δt1+Δt2
Wherein, Treportfor the measurement report reporting period, if toff-treportif the judgment condition is met, a timer is established;
and 5: timing toff-treport-Δt1-Δt2After the time length, the gateway station initiates pre-switching;
Step 6: timing toff-treport-Δt2After the time length is long, the gateway station sends a switching command to the user;
and 7: after receiving the switching command, the user disconnects the source beam and establishes synchronization with the target beam.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein at in step 2 is Δ t1value calculation method
in the formula, TGij＝TGjiFor the fibre transmission delay, Δ T, from source gateway station i to destination gateway station jaiAnd Δ TajInternal correlation processing delays, T, for source gateway station i and target gateway station j, respectivelybFor the total compensation, the above parameters can be obtained by table lookup and indexing, and a represents the category of the time delay.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein t in step 3 is a time-triggered handover method based on ephemeris and user position calculationoff-treportThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein R is groundThe radius of the sphere, h is the satellite height,For satellite velocity, | BU | is the user's relative beam motion trajectory length.
4. A timing-triggered handover method based on ephemeris and user position calculation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the decision method of handover mode in step 1 is:
Step 1: a source gateway station receives a user measurement report and obtains the position and speed information of a user;
Step 2: calculating the ground coverage range of the adjacent satellite of the current service satellite in the constellation topological graph according to the ephemeris;
And step 3: judging whether the user is in the coverage range of a plurality of satellites, if the number of the satellites covering the user is not less than 2, calculating gateway stations where other satellites except the current service satellite are located, and executing the step 5; if the number of the satellites covering the user is only 1, executing the step 4;
And 4, step 4: calculating adjacent beams in the motion direction relative to the current service satellite according to ephemeris, user positions and satellite load beam parameters, determining the adjacent beams as target beams, and judging that the switching mode is an intra-satellite cross-beam switching mode;
And 5: selecting a target satellite by adopting a strategy based on longest service time, load balancing and optimal channel quality; if the target satellite is the current service satellite, executing the step 4; otherwise, executing step 6;
Step 6: determining a gateway station to which a target satellite belongs, if the gateway station to which the target satellite belongs is the current service gateway station, determining the target gateway station, and judging the target gateway station to be an inter-satellite switching mode in the gateway station; and if the current service gateway station is not the current service gateway station, the target gateway station determines and judges to be in the cross-gateway station inter-satellite switching mode.
5. the method for deciding switching mode according to claim 4, wherein the adjacent satellites in step 2 are two satellites in front and back of the same orbit and two satellites in different orbits.
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