CN111456882A

CN111456882A - Progressive water turbine

Info

Publication number: CN111456882A
Application number: CN202010385071.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄国宏
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-07-18
Filing date: 2020-05-09
Publication date: 2020-07-28
Also published as: CN110242477A

Abstract

An impact type gradual water turbine which can adapt to various flow water energy resource environments under medium and low water heads in the technical field of hydroelectric generation comprises an emergent device, a water outlet device and a control mechanism, wherein the emergent device comprises one or a plurality of pressure water diversion flow channels and emergent ports thereof, a rotary valve arranged in the flow channels or a rotary valve hinged with the emergent ports, a deflecting plate arranged at the front part of the emergent port, and the control mechanism is in transmission connection with the rotary valve and the deflecting plate; the rotating device comprises one or more groove-shaped blades arranged on the main shaft and formed by a hub, a plurality of groups of groove-shaped water dividing blades arranged on the periphery of the hub, a drainage plate at the inner end of each groove-shaped blade, two water inlet water dividing blades and water inlet water dividing plates thereof formed by branching the outer end parts of the groove-shaped water dividing blades, and a rotating wheel formed by separating support plates arranged between the water inlet water dividing plates, the drainage plates at the outer end water outlet parts and the back surfaces of the groove-shaped blades, and an outlet is corresponding to the groove-shaped water dividing blades and the two water inlet water dividing blades. The water turbine is suitable for various water energy resources of medium and low water heads, the manufacturing and running processes are clean and pollution-free, and the water energy conversion efficiency can realize full efficiency.

Description

Progressive water turbine

Technical Field

The invention belongs to an impact type water turbine in the technical field of hydroelectric power generation, and particularly relates to an impact type progressive water turbine which is suitable for water energy resource environments with medium and low water heads and various flow rates, is clean and pollution-free in manufacturing and running processes, and can realize full-efficiency of water energy conversion efficiency.

Background

At present, an impact type pelton turbine with higher use efficiency in hydroelectric generation production is characterized in that a rotating device of the pelton turbine mainly comprises a rotating wheel and other components, wherein the rotating wheel is arranged on a main shaft and comprises a hub and a plurality of groups of pit-shaped pelton buckets arranged on the periphery of the hub and arranged on two sides of a water dividing edge; the exit device mainly comprises a circular nozzle, a circular spray needle arranged in the nozzle, a deflector arranged in front of the nozzle and other parts. The defects are as follows: in order to avoid jet flow from shooting to the back of the outer-end water inlet partial bucket, the bucket can only adopt a pit shape from shallow to deep, and the front and outer end partial water dividing blades of the outer-end water inlet partial bucket guide the jet flow to the inner end part of the water outlet surface of the bucket from the shallow to deep direction and then discharge the jet flow, so that the longitudinal flow of the jet flow in the bucket is caused, and the runner can not fully convert jet flow kinetic energy into rotary mechanical energy according to the transverse action principle of the jet flow on the concave surface plate. In addition, the water bucket is difficult to manufacture, high in manufacturing cost and inevitable in the manufacturing process, and high in pollution processes such as casting and the like. The jet kinetic energy loss is caused by the collision phenomenon generated when high-speed water flow ejected from the periphery of the spray needle is concentrated to the center of the end part of the spray needle, and a nozzle without a nozzle can only be ejected in a hole outlet form and cannot be ejected efficiently in a nozzle form, so that the ejection device cannot fully convert water flow pressure energy into jet kinetic energy. In addition, the water turbine can only be suitable for the high-water-head small-flow water energy environment and cannot be suitable for water energy resources which generally exist in various flow forms of medium and low water heads and sizes.

The back-beating horizontal mixed-flow water turbine is mainly composed of volute, water guide blade and runner formed from curved blade set between upper crown and lower ring. When in operation, pressure water flow can only convert water energy according to the action principle of the water flow on a plane or a curved plate, and partial water energy acts on a rotating wheel in an axial water thrust mode, so that not only can the rotating wheel not work, but also a thrust bearing bush burning accident can be caused; the pressure water leakage of the main shaft seal is increased along with the increase of the opening of the group, so that the pressure water leakage can enter the bearing to cause the pollution phenomenon that lubricating thin oil overflows and is mixed into river water; when sundries are blocked in a flow channel formed between the runner blades, the unit can greatly reduce the vibration output obviously; the volute and the water guide vane have the defects of large hydraulic loss and the like caused by continuously changing the water flow direction, so that the comprehensive operation efficiency is extremely low, and the requirement of ecological priority high-quality development in a new period cannot be met.

The rotating device of the water turbine disclosed in ER2012005A2, CN101871415A and CN108350856A mainly comprises one or a plurality of groove-shaped blades arranged on a main shaft, wherein the groove-shaped blades are formed by a hub and a plurality of groups of groove-shaped water dividing blades arranged on the periphery of the hub, and a rotating wheel and other components, wherein the rotating wheel is formed by an inner end flow guide plate, an outer end water inlet part flow guide plate and an outer end water outlet part flow guide plate connected with the outer side of the groove-shaped blades; the exit device mainly comprises one or more pressure water diversion flow channels and exit ports thereof, a rotary valve arranged in the flow channels or the exit ports, a deflecting plate arranged in front of the exit ports and the like. The existing defects are also as follows: in order to avoid jet flow to shoot to the back of the drainage plate at the water inlet part at the outer end, the bottom of the drainage plate must extend into the groove and then incline, the water distribution blades at the front and the outer end parts of the drainage plate guide the jet flow to the inner end part of the water outlet surface of the groove along the inclined direction and then discharge the jet flow, the longitudinal flow of the jet flow in the groove is also caused, the back of the drainage plate at the water inlet part can press the jet flow and cause serious dissipation and then shoot to the water outlet surface of the groove behind the jet flow, the drainage plate at the outer end water outlet part connected with the outer side of the drainage plate can not be close to the vertical cross section of the groove, and the runner can not fully convert jet flow kinetic energy into rotary mechanical. In addition, the drainage plates at the water inlet and outlet parts of the outer end can be destructively fractured due to unreliable support. Although the outlet of the outlet device can be efficiently emitted in a nozzle form, the rotary hinge is difficult to be arranged on each outlet arranged up and down when the rotary hinge is arranged on the outlet, and the downstream surface of the device can generate cavitation damage when the device is arranged in a pressure water guide flow channel. Therefore, this solution cannot be implemented effectively.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of low water energy conversion efficiency, large hydraulic loss, small adaptation area, pollution phenomenon and the like in the existing water turbine and the existing technical scheme of the water turbine, and provides the impact type progressive water turbine which can fully convert water flow pressure energy into rotary mechanical energy, has stable and reliable operation performance, clean and pollution-free manufacturing and operation processes, and can adapt to water energy resource environments with medium and low water heads and various flow rates.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a kind of gradual water turbine is made up of two parts of the exit device and rotating device, the exit device includes the pressure diversion room and one or several pressure diversion flow paths and its exit ports, rotate the valve according to the axle centre that rotates or exit port articularly mount in the flow path according to the rotating valve that the axle axis rotates, and the folding board that the department sets up in front of exit port, with rotating valve and folding control mechanism that the board transmits and connects; rotating device includes main shaft and bearing, and the runner that groove shape blade that one or several of device was divided water sword both sides by wheel hub and its peripheral array recess that sets up on the main shaft constitutes to inner drainage plate and outer end play water partial drainage plate, its characterized in that including groove shape blade: the outer end part of the groove water dividing blade is branched to form two water inlet water dividing blades, the water inlet water dividing plates with the water inlet water dividing blades are arranged respectively, the inner side and the bottom edge of each water inlet water dividing plate are connected with the outer end edge of the water inlet surface of each groove-shaped blade, a separation support plate is arranged between the outer side edge of each water inlet water dividing plate and the inner side edge of the outer end water outlet part drainage plate and the back surface of each groove-shaped blade, and the emergent port corresponds to the groove water dividing blades and the two water inlet water dividing blades.

The outer end of the water inlet water dividing blade and the top end of the outer end water outlet part drainage plate of the progressive water turbine can be in the same plane and can also be lower than the top end of the outer end water outlet part drainage plate.

The outer water outlet part of the progressive water turbine can be a plane drainage plate, or a plane drainage plate, an arc drainage plate or a curved drainage plate.

In the progressive hydraulic turbine, the pressure water diversion flow channel is positioned on the surface of the downstream surface of the rotary valve or the central part of the central shaft of the rotary valve, and an air supplementing hole leading to the central part of the downstream surface of the rotary valve and a check valve thereof can be arranged.

The operation and control mechanisms of the rotating valve and the deflecting plate of the progressive water turbine can be respectively driven by the pneumatic servomotor and also can be respectively driven by the worm gear mechanism and the pneumatic servomotor.

The control mechanism of the progressive water turbine, the rotary valve and the folding plate can be in transmission connection with the gravity component or the elastic component.

The end part of the main shaft of the progressive water turbine can be in synchronous linkage operation after being rotationally connected with another or a plurality of main shafts of the water turbine with the same or similar structures.

In the progressive water turbine, one end of one or more linked main shafts can be directly and rotatably connected with the generator or indirectly and rotatably connected with the generator through the speed changer.

In the progressive water turbine, one or more linkage main shafts can be rotatably connected with a mechanical rotating speed protection signal device at the other end.

When the pressure water flow is emitted from the outlet to the groove water dividing blade, the groove water dividing blade and the groove water inlet surfaces at the two sides of the groove water dividing blade can smoothly guide the high-speed jet flow to the water outlet surface of the groove-shaped blade in the transverse direction. When the jet flow enters the next groove in operation, the two branched water inlet and distribution blades and the water inlet and distribution plate thereof can gradually distribute the jet flow into the next group of groove water inlet surfaces from the outer side of the water inlet and distribution blade, at the moment, the jet flow directly enters the bottom of the groove along the front of the water inlet and distribution blade close to the vertical surface of the groove and smoothly flows to the groove water outlet surface according to the transverse direction, the longitudinal flow phenomenon of the jet flow in the groove is avoided, and the phenomenon that the pressure covering dissipation of the jet flow which is not distributed into the next groove from the back of the water inlet and distribution blade gradually distributes the jet flow into the next groove can be greatly reduced. The inner side surface of the separation supporting plate can completely control the back jet flow dissipation of the water inlet water distribution plate and simultaneously smoothly guide the part of jet flow to the water inlet surface of the rear groove of the separation supporting plate, so that the back jet flow of the water inlet water distribution plate can smoothly flow to the water outlet surface of the groove in the rear groove of the separation supporting plate in the transverse direction, and the separation supporting plate can ensure that the positions and the shapes of the water inlet water distribution plate and the outer end water outlet part drainage plate can be independently and randomly arranged, therefore, the water outlet part drainage plate can also be close to the vertical cross section of the groove to the maximum extent, and the bottom of the water outlet part drainage plate can be smoothly connected with the bottom of the groove after adopting the shape of an arc surface or a curved surface, so that the jet flow discharged from the outer end of the groove has the optimal water outlet. Because the jet flow enters and exits the groove in a radial direction, no axial water thrust is generated, and no water flow pressure in the casing is caused.

When the rotary valve rotating along the central shaft in the flow passage is opened and closed or the output flow is regulated, the central part of the downstream surface will produce cavitation destructive vacuum, and the air replenishing hole and the check valve can replenish air to the part in time and eliminate vacuum.

When the water turbine needs to be stopped, the water turbine can be stopped reliably in time after all the folding plates are closed or the movable door is rotated. When the operating mechanism of the rotary valve and the folding plate has no power source phenomena such as pressure loss and the like, the gravity or elastic component can drive the operating mechanism to ensure that the folding plate or the rotary valve can still be stopped reliably after being positioned at the closed position. After each jet orifice is provided with a deflecting plate, the water turbine can realize reliable halt without stopping water.

When the rated rotating speed of the water turbine is not suitable for the generator, the water turbine can be indirectly connected with the generator in a rotating mode through the speed changer. In the low-water-head large-flow water energy environment, the main shaft of the water turbine can be in synchronous linkage operation after being rotationally connected with one or more other main shafts of the water turbine with the same or similar structures.

When the rotating speed of the water turbine exceeds a rated value due to load shedding and the like, the mechanical rotating speed protection signal device can directly send out a signal to enable the control mechanism to close the deflecting plate or the rotating valve in time.

According to the substantive features, the water turbine has the following beneficial effects:

1. the water inlet and distribution plate formed after bifurcation can gradually distribute jet flow into the next group of grooves, so that the pulsating impact phenomenon when the jet flow enters the next group of grooves is avoided, and the water turbine has the stability of gradual pushing.

2. The water inlet and distribution plate formed after bifurcation can not only greatly reduce the phenomenon of overlaying jet flow, but also approach the vertical surface of the groove to the maximum extent, so that the jet flow can directly enter the bottom of the groove and smoothly flow to the water outlet surface of the groove, and the condition that the jet flow is discharged from the inner end of the water outlet surface of the groove after flowing longitudinally is avoided; the partition supporting plate can control the jet flow loss at the inner side and the outer side of the partition supporting plate, and the drainage plate at the water outlet part at the outer end can be close to the vertical cross section of the groove to the maximum extent, so that the jet flow has the optimal water outlet angle when being discharged from the outer end of the groove. Therefore, the jet flow can fully convert the jet flow kinetic energy into the rotary mechanical energy according to the transverse action principle of the jet flow on the concave panel, and the full efficiency of the runner can be realized.

3. The drainage plate of the outer end water outlet part formed by combining the plane and the cambered surface or the curved surface ensures that the jet flow has the optimal water outlet angle when being discharged from the outer end of the groove, thereby providing necessary conditions for the jet flow to directly enter the bottom of the groove and the jet flow to be discharged from the outer end of the groove after the incident angle of the groove-shaped blade is increased; the overall structure of the rotating wheel can be reduced and the cross-sectional area of the jet flow can be increased after the diameter ratio of the rotating wheel is reduced; the number of coaxial rotating wheels can be increased after the distance between the rotating wheels is reduced. Because the jet ports arranged up and down can shoot to the corresponding grooves of the same rotating wheel at the same time, the synchronous linkage operation mode of one or a plurality of rotating wheels and one or a plurality of water turbines can be adopted according to the axial horizontal direction. Therefore, the water turbine can adapt to the water energy resource environment with medium and low water head and various flow rates in a single or multiple unit arrangement and combination mode. And the speed changer can adapt to various rated rotating speeds of the generator after being indirectly connected in a rotating way.

4. The rotary valve rotating according to the central shaft can be flexibly arranged in each flow channel, and the leakage loss caused by abrasion does not exist when the rotary valve is fully opened; the exit port can efficiently exit in the form of nozzle outflow, and collision loss of jet flow energy does not exist; the linear flow passage has small hydraulic loss, and the air replenishing holes can effectively prevent cavitation. Therefore, the emergent device can fully convert water flow pressure energy into jet flow kinetic energy, so that the emergent device can also realize the full-efficiency effect.

5. Because the thickness of the groove-shaped blade, the jet opening and the flow channel thereof can be arbitrarily increased according to the strength requirement, and the support plate is separated to ensure that the groove and the outer end drainage plate thereof have excellent stress conditions, the manufacture of the water turbine can completely adopt a mounting and welding structure, thereby avoiding the high-pollution working procedures of casting and forging and the like; the rotating wheel does not generate axial water thrust in the water energy conversion process, does not cause water flow pressure in the shell, and can adopt a clean pneumatic control element, so that the water turbine is not provided with a thrust bearing, does not have main shaft sealing pressure water leakage, does not use lubrication and transmission thin oil, and does not generate pollution phenomena in the manufacturing and power generation operation processes.

6. Due to the open structure between the two adjacent upper and lower groove-shaped blades, the runner does not have the phenomenon of inclusion in operation and unstable factors such as unit vibration, sudden output change and the like; the gravity or elastic component can still reliably stop when the operation power source fails; after the water turbine is stopped without stopping water by the deflecting plate, destructive water hammer pressure of a water diversion facility can be avoided; the mechanical rotating speed protection signal device can reliably prevent the water turbine from entering an runaway state. Therefore, the water turbine has stable and reliable operation performance and provides reliable basic conditions for intelligent automatic control of the water turbine.

According to the beneficial effects, the water turbine can adapt to various water energy resource environments in a unit combination mode, is simple and reasonable in structure, small in manufacturing, installing, running and maintaining difficulty, clean and pollution-free, and can meet various requirements of ecological priority and high-quality development in a new period because the generated energy of the water turbine can be far higher than that of the existing water turbine due to the full efficiency of water energy conversion. Therefore, the water turbine is comprehensively implemented in the aspects of transforming, upgrading and transforming the traditional low-efficiency water turbine, continuously developing and utilizing water flow energy resources which generally exist in the form of low water head and large flow and have negative influences on the riverbed and the water ecological environment such as erosion, soil erosion and the like.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a longitudinal section of a water turbine in which a jet is directed to a runner;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of section A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view from the direction B in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line G-G in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a longitudinal section of a water turbine in which upper and lower jets are directed to the same runner;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a view from direction F of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line N-N of FIG. 8;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken at H-H in FIG. 6;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line M-M of FIG. 6, showing the gas supply holes and the check valves thereof;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of a turbine in which three jets from the top, middle and bottom are directed to the same runner.

The labels in the figure are: 1. a pressure diversion chamber; 2(2a, 2b, 2c) a pressure diversion flow channel (flow channel); 3(3a, 3b) folding plates; 4(4a, 4b, 4c) exit ports; 5(5a, 5b, 5c) a pneumatic servomotor; 6(6a, 6b) side plates; 7(7a, 7b, 7c) a transmission arm; 8(8a, 8b, 8c) connecting rod; 9. a support ring; 10. checking a sewage cleaning port; 11. a support frame; 12. a groove-shaped blade (groove); 13. a main shaft; 14. a housing; 15. a water drainage channel; 16. a rotary shutter (rotary shutter) which rotates on the side shaft; 17. a side shaft; 18. a flow distribution plate; 19. a hub; 20. the outer end of the drainage plate is provided with a drainage part (drainage plate); 21. an inner end drainage plate; 22. a central shaft; 23. a rotary shutter (rotary shutter) which rotates in accordance with the central shaft; 24. a water inlet and distribution plate; 25. a water inlet water dividing blade; 26. a groove water dividing blade; 27. a shaft pin; 28. a check valve; 29. a crank arm; 30. a hand wheel; 31. a worm; 32. jetting; 33. a separation support plate; 33a. partition support plate inner side surface; 33b. a spacer support plate outer side surface; 34. a nut; 35. a screw; 36. a slider; 37. a worm gear; 38. a support plate; 39. a gravity block; 40. a spring; 41. a pressure water conduit.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 show a first embodiment of the invention.

In this embodiment, the pressure diversion chamber is connected with three rectangular pressure diversion runners 2 arranged in an axial horizontal direction and respectively corresponding to three runners mounted on the main shaft 13. One end of the main shaft 13 is indirectly and rotatably connected with the main shaft of the generator through a speed increaser, and the other end of the main shaft is rotatably connected with a mechanical rotating speed protection signal device.

As shown in the figure: the water outlet end of the pressure water diversion flow channel 2 is provided with a rectangular outlet 4, the top of the outlet 4 is hinged with a rotary valve 16 which rotates according to a side shaft 17, the top of the rotary valve 16 is provided with a transmission arm 7b, the transmission arm 7b is in transmission connection with a worm 31, and the worm 31 is in transmission connection with a worm wheel 37 and a hand wheel 30 which are arranged on a supporting plate 38. A folding plate 3 is arranged in front of the exit port 4, side plates 6 are respectively arranged on two sides of the folding plate 3, the two side plates 6 are arranged at two ends of the shaft pin 27 and are connected with a transmission arm 7a, the transmission arm 7a is in transmission connection with the pneumatic servomotor 5, and the other end of the pneumatic servomotor 5 is hinged between the two supporting plates 38.

Rolling bearings are arranged at two ends of a main shaft 13, a rotating wheel hub 19 is arranged on the main shaft 13, a support ring 9 is arranged on the periphery of the

hub

19, 16 groove water dividing blades 26 are arranged on the support ring 9, groove-shaped blades 12 are respectively arranged at two sides of the water dividing blades 26, a plane-shaped outer-end water outlet part drainage plate 20 is arranged at the water outlet part of the outer end of each groove 12, and a plane-shaped inner-end drainage plate 21 extending to the back of the groove in front of the groove is arranged at the inner end of each. The outer end part of the groove water dividing blade 26 is branched to form two water inlet water dividing blades 25 which are positioned in the same plane with the top end of the outer end water outlet part drainage plate 20, the water inlet water dividing plates 24 with the water inlet water dividing blades 25 are respectively arranged, the bottom and the inner side edges of the water inlet water dividing plates 24 are connected with the outer end edge of the water inlet surface of the groove 12, a separation support plate 33 is arranged between the outer side edge of the water inlet water dividing plate 24 and the inner side edge of the outer end water outlet part drainage plate 20 and the back surface of the groove, and the emergent port 4 is corresponding to the groove water dividing blade 26 and the two water inlet water dividing blades 25. A drain passage 15 is provided below the emission device and the runner, and a casing 14 is provided above and on both sides thereof.

When the rotary valve 16 is opened by the hand wheel 30, the jet flow 32 can shoot to the groove water dividing blade 26 and the water inlet surface of the groove 12, and the jet flow 32 is smoothly guided to the water outlet surface of the groove 12 according to the transverse direction, when the jet flow 32 enters the water inlet surface of the next group of grooves in operation, the two branched water inlet water dividing blades 25 and the water inlet water dividing plate 24 thereof can gradually divide the jet flow 32 into the water inlet surface of the next group of grooves from the outer side of the water inlet water dividing blade, and at the moment, the jet flow 32 directly enters the bottom of the groove 12 along the front surface of the water inlet water dividing plate 24 and smoothly flows to the water outlet surface of the groove 12 according to the transverse direction, so that the longitudinal flowing. The jet 32 that has not been divided into the next groove will dissipate under the pressure of the inlet water diversion plate 24, and at this time, the inner surface 33a of the separation support plate can smoothly guide the jet to the inlet surface of the groove behind it while completely controlling the jet dissipation, and the outer surface 33b of the separation support plate can also control the jet 32 from escaping from the inner side of the outer outlet water diversion plate 20. Therefore, the jet flow can smoothly flow from the water inlet surface to the water outlet surface of the groove 12 in the transverse direction in the process of entering the groove 12 and after entering the groove 12. The jets 32 enter and exit the grooves 12 in a radial direction during water energy conversion and therefore do not generate axial water thrust and do not cause water flow pressure within the housing 14.

When the water turbine needs to be stopped, all the jet flows 32 entering the grooves 12 can be quickly bent and stopped reliably in time after all the bending plates 3 are closed through the pneumatic servomotor 5. After all the deflecting plates 3 are closed, the water turbine enters a shutdown state without stopping water, namely the water turbine enters a shutdown state under the condition that the opening of all the rotary valves 16 is unchanged, so that destructive water hammer pressure caused by emergency shutdown to a pressure water diversion facility can be avoided. When the rotating speed of the water turbine exceeds a rated value due to load shedding and the like, the mechanical rotating speed protection signal device can directly send a signal to the pneumatic servomotor 5 of the control mechanism and then timely close all the deflecting plates 3.

Fig. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 show a second embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, three pressure diversion chambers 1 are connected to one side of the pressure diversion conduit 41, and the diversion chambers 1 are respectively provided with an upper rectangular outlet and a lower rectangular outlet and respectively correspond to three rotating wheels arranged on the main shaft 13. One end of the main shaft 13 is directly connected with the main shaft of the generator in a rotating way, and the other end of the main shaft is connected with a mechanical rotating speed protection signal device in a rotating way.

As shown in the figure: the upper outflow port is connected with a rectangular pressure water diversion flow channel 2a, the water outlet end of the flow channel 2a is provided with a rectangular exit port 4a, and a deflecting plate 3a is arranged in front of the exit port 4 a. The lower outflow port is connected with a rectangular pressure water diversion flow channel 2b, the water outlet end of the flow channel 2b is provided with a rectangular exit port 4b, and a deflecting plate 3b is arranged in front of the exit port 4 b. In both the flow path 2a and the flow path 2b, a rotary shutter 23 is provided to rotate about a central shaft 22. And the two sides of the central shaft of the rotary valve in the flow channel 2a are both provided with a transmission arm 7a, and the other end of the transmission arm 7a is in transmission connection with the pneumatic servomotor 5 a. The two sides of the central shaft 22 of the rotary valve in the flow passage 2b are both provided with a crank arm 29, and the other end of the crank arm 29 is in transmission connection with the pneumatic servomotor 5b through a connecting rod 8b and a transmission arm 7b arranged on the support frame 11. The side plates 6a at two sides of the folding plate 3a are hinged at the bottom of the runner 2a through shaft pins and are in transmission connection with the pneumatic servomotor 5c through a connecting rod 8a and a transmission arm 7c arranged on a support frame 11. The side plates 6b at two sides of the folding plate 3b are hinged at the top of the flow passage 2b through shaft pins, the tail ends of the side plates are respectively connected with the tail ends of the side plates 6a at two sides of the folding plate 3a through connecting rods 8c in a transmission way, and a gravity block 39 is arranged between the two connecting rods 8c in the transmission way. A splitter plate 18 is also provided at the top of the flow channel 2b and the outlet 4 b. An air supply hole is arranged on the surface of the central part of the flow passage 2a on the downstream surface of the rotary valve and is provided with a check valve 28.

The two ends of the main shaft 13 are provided with bearings, a rotating wheel hub 19 is arranged on the main shaft 13, the periphery of the hub 19 is provided with a support ring 9, the support ring 9 is provided with 15 groove water distribution blades 26, two sides of the water distribution blades 26 are respectively provided with a groove-shaped blade 12, the outer end water outlet part of each groove 12 is provided with an outer end water outlet part drainage plate 20 formed by combining a plane and an arc surface, and the inner end of each groove 12 is provided with a plane-shaped inner end drainage plate 21 extending to the back of the groove in front of the groove. The outer end parts of the groove water dividing blades 26 are branched to form two water inlet water dividing blades 25, the outer ends of the two water inlet water dividing blades 25 are lowered to the middle part of the depth of the groove 12, and then the water inlet water dividing plates 24 are respectively arranged, so that the outer ends of the water inlet water dividing blades 25 are lower than the top ends of the outer end water outlet part drainage plates 20. The bottom and the inner side edge of the water inlet and distribution plate 24 are connected with the outer end edge of the water inlet surface of the groove 12, and a separation support plate 33 is arranged between the outer side edge of the water inlet and distribution plate 24 and the inner side edge of the outer end water outlet part drainage plate 20 and the back surface of the groove 12. The exit port 4a and the exit port 4b are respectively corresponding to the groove dividing blade 26 and the two water inlet dividing blades 25 corresponding thereto. A drain passage 15 is provided below the emission device and the runner, and a casing 14 is provided above and on both sides of the drain passage.

When the water inlet water dividing blade 25 is lower than the top ends of the outer end water outlet part drainage plate 20 and the groove water dividing blade 26, the surface area of the water inlet water dividing plate 24 can be greatly reduced, so that the phenomenon that the water inlet water dividing plate 24 presses jet flow can be reduced to the maximum extent.

The drainage plate 20 formed by combining the plane and the cambered surface can ensure that the jet flow discharged from the outer end of the groove 12 has the optimal water outlet angle, so that the necessary conditions for the jet flow on the front surface of the water inlet and distribution plate 24 to directly enter the bottom of the groove 12 and the jet flow to be discharged from the outer end of the groove 12 can be provided after the incident angle of the groove-shaped blade 12 is increased, the overall structure size of the rotating wheel can be reduced after the diameter ratio of the rotating wheel is reduced, and the emergent cross-sectional areas of the emergent port 4a and the emergent port 4b can be increased.

Because the incidence angle of the groove-shaped blades 12 is large, most of jet flow can be discharged from the outer ends of the grooves 12, and the jet flow can be discharged out of the grooves 12 and then can be discharged to the drainage channel 15 without winding among the rotating wheels, so that the distance among the coaxial rotating wheels can be reduced, and the number of the coaxial rotating wheels can be increased. Moreover, the flow velocity of the jet flow is close to zero when the jet flow is discharged from the outer end of the groove 12, so that the water flow can be discharged smoothly when the depth of the drainage channel 15 is small.

When the jet flows of the upper and lower adjacent jet ports simultaneously irradiate the corresponding groove-shaped blades 12 in the same runner, the mutual interference phenomenon is avoided, the jet flow is completely regulated by the rotating valve arranged in the runner, the pressure water flow leakage loss caused by high-speed water flow abrasion is avoided, and the hydraulic loss of the rotating valve at the time of the outlet port, the runner and full opening is small. Therefore, when one or a plurality of rotary valves are completely opened through the pneumatic servomotor 5a and the pneumatic servomotor 5b according to the water quantity, the water turbine can enter a full-efficiency operation state.

When the water turbine needs to be stopped, the pneumatic servomotor 5c closes the folding plate 3a and the folding plate 3b simultaneously through the transmission part. When the control mechanism is under no pressure and has no power source, the gravity block 39 in transmission connection with the connecting rod 8c can still reliably stop after the folding plate 3a and the folding plate 3b are closed simultaneously by means of the gravity block. The water flow folded back by the folding plate 3a can be guided to the drainage channel 15 below the flow channel 2b by the diversion plate 18.

When the rotating speed of the water turbine exceeds a rated value due to load shedding and the like, the mechanical rotating speed protection signal device can directly send a signal to the pneumatic servomotor 5c of the control mechanism and then timely close all the deflecting plates. When the central part of the downstream surface of the rotary valve generates cavitation destructive vacuum, the air supply hole and the check valve 28 thereof can supply air to the part in time and then eliminate the vacuum.

Fig. 13 shows a third embodiment of the invention.

In this embodiment, four pressure diversion chambers 1 are connected to one side of the pressure diversion pipeline and arranged in a horizontal direction, and the diversion chambers 1 are provided with three outlets, namely, an upper outlet, a middle outlet and a lower outlet, and respectively correspond to four rotating wheels arranged on a main shaft 13. Two ends of the main shaft 13 are respectively connected with two water turbines with the same structure through a coupler in a rotating mode, one end of the main shaft which is in synchronous linkage is directly connected with a main shaft of the generator in a rotating mode, and the other end of the main shaft is provided with a mechanical rotating speed protection signal device in a rotating mode.

As shown in the figure: the upper, middle and lower three outlets of the diversion chamber 1 are respectively connected with circular

pressure diversion runners

2a, 2b and 2c, a rotary valve 23 rotating according to a central shaft 22 is respectively arranged in the round pressure diversion runners, and

circular outlets

4a, 4b and 4c are respectively arranged at the water outlet ends of the round pressure diversion runners. The two ends of the central shaft of the rotary valve in the upper runner 2a are provided with a transmission arm 7a which is rotatably connected with the central shaft and a transmission arm 7b which can freely rotate, and the top end of the transmission arm 7a is in transmission connection with the pneumatic servomotor 5 a. The transmission arm 7b is in transmission connection with the crank arms 29 arranged at two ends of the central shaft 22 of the rotary valve 23 in the middle runner 2b and the lower runner 2c through the connecting rod 8, the top end of the transmission arm 7b is in transmission connection with the pneumatic servomotor 5b, and the pneumatic servomotor 5a and the pneumatic servomotor 5b are both provided with springs 40 in transmission connection with the pneumatic servomotor 5a and the pneumatic servomotor 5 b. The central part of the central shaft of the rotary valve in the upper flow passage 2a is provided with an air supply hole and a check valve thereof, and the top of the lower flow passage 2c is also provided with an inspection and decontamination opening 10. A screw rod 35 and a nut 34 locking mechanism driven by a motor are arranged at the top of the diversion chamber 1, the screw rod 35 extends into the machine shell 14 and is in transmission connection with a sliding block 36 which is arranged in a track at the top of the runner 2a, pushes and locks the transmission arm 7a and the transmission arm 7 b.

Bearings are provided at both ends of the main shaft 13, and a runner formed of the hub 19 and the set of groove-shaped blades 12 is mounted on the main shaft 13, and other structures and operations of the runner are identical to those of the second embodiment. A drain passage 15 is provided below the emission device and the runner, and a casing 14 is provided above and on both sides of the drain passage.

In this embodiment, after one of the rotary shutters in the upper flow passage 2a is used as the regulating shutter, all the remaining rotary shutters 23 can be used as the full open or full close shut-off shutters. When the opening degree of the rotary valves in the four upper flow passages 2a needs to be increased after the rotary valves are fully opened by the respective relay devices 5a, two rotary valves 23 in one group or a plurality of groups of middle and lower flow passages can be opened by the relay devices 5b, and the four upper rotary valves are adjusted to the required opening degree. When the regulating valve is in semi-open state, the air-supplying hole and the check valve can continuously supply air to the central part of the downstream surface and then eliminate vacuum. When sundries are blocked in the pressure diversion flow channel, the inspection sewage cleaning port 10 can be opened to remove the sundries. When the water turbine needs to be stopped, all the rotating valves can be stopped in time after being closed, and the water turbine can be reliably stopped for a long time after locking mechanisms of all the rotating valves are put into use. The spring 40 can still pull the

pneumatic relays

5a and 5b to close all the rotary shutters when the operating mechanism is de-pressurized. When the rotating speed of the water turbine exceeds a rated value, the mechanical rotating speed protection signal device can send out signals to enable the

pneumatic relays

5a and 5b to close all the rotating valves in time. The water turbine and the water turbines at the two ends of the water turbine are synchronously linked to operate, so that the water turbine is completely suitable for the high-flow water energy environment.

Claims

1. A kind of gradual water turbine is made up of two parts of the exit device and rotating device, the exit device includes the pressure diversion room (1) and one or several pressure diversion flow paths (2) and its exit port (4), the rotating valve (23) rotating according to the central axis (22) or rotating valve (16) rotating according to the side axis (17) that the exit port (4) hinge-mount of the apparatus in the flow path (2), and set up in the folding plate (3) of the front part of the exit port (4), control mechanism in connection with rotating valve (23), rotating valve (16) and folding plate (3) transmission; the rotating device comprises a main shaft (13) and a bearing thereof, one or more rotating wheels which are arranged on the main shaft (13) and are composed of a hub (19) and groove-shaped blades (12) arranged on two sides of a plurality of groups of groove water distribution blades (26) arranged on the periphery of the hub, and an inner end flow guide plate (21) and an outer end water outlet part flow guide plate (20) of each groove-shaped blade (12), and is characterized in that: the outer end part of the groove water dividing blade (26) is branched to form two water inlet water dividing blades (25), water inlet water dividing plates (24) with the water inlet water dividing blades (25) are respectively arranged, the inner sides and the bottom edges of the water inlet water dividing plates (24) are connected with the outer end edges of the water inlet surfaces of the groove-shaped blades (12), separating support plates (33) are arranged between the outer side edges of the water inlet water dividing plates (24) and the inner side edges of the outer end water outlet part drainage plates (20) and the back surfaces of the groove-shaped blades (12), and the emergent port (4) is corresponding to the groove water dividing blades (26) and the two water inlet water dividing blades (25).

2. The progressive hydraulic turbine of claim 1, wherein: the outer end of the water inlet water dividing blade (25) and the top end of the outer end water outlet part drainage plate (20) can be in the same plane and can also be lower than the top end of the outer end water outlet part drainage plate (20).

3. The progressive hydraulic turbine of claim 1, wherein: the drainage plate (20) of the outer end water outlet part can be planar, or can be formed by combining a plane and an arc surface or a curved surface.

4. The progressive hydraulic turbine of claim 1, wherein: the pressure water diversion flow passage (2) is positioned on the surface of the downstream surface of the rotary valve (23) or the central part of the central shaft (22) of the rotary valve (23), and an air supplementing hole leading to the central part of the downstream surface of the rotary valve (23) and a check valve (28) thereof can be arranged.

5. The progressive hydraulic turbine of claim 1, wherein: the control mechanisms of the rotary valve (23), the rotary valve (16) and the folding plate (3) can be respectively driven by the pneumatic servomotor (5) and also can be respectively driven by a worm wheel (37), a worm (31) mechanism and the pneumatic servomotor (5).

6. The progressive hydraulic turbine of claim 1, wherein: the control mechanism of the rotary valve (23), the rotary valve (16) and the folding plate (3) can also be in transmission connection with a gravity component (39) or an elastic component (40).

7. The progressive hydraulic turbine of claim 1, wherein: the end part of the main shaft (13) can be in synchronous linkage operation after being rotationally connected with another or a plurality of water turbine main shafts with the same or similar structures.

8. The progressive hydraulic turbine according to claim 1 or 7, wherein: one end of one or more linked main shafts (13) can be directly and rotationally connected with the main shaft of the generator or indirectly and rotationally connected with the main shaft of the generator through a speed changer.

9. The progressive hydraulic turbine according to claim 1 or 7, wherein: the other end of the one or more linked main shafts (13) can also be rotatably connected with a mechanical rotating speed protection signal device.