CN101354004A

CN101354004A - All-purpose hydroturbine

Info

Publication number: CN101354004A
Application number: CNA2008101445401A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄国宏
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-07-25
Filing date: 2008-07-22
Publication date: 2009-01-28

Abstract

A universal water-turbine engine pertains to an impact water-turbine engine which converts pressure energy of current to kinetic energy and converts the kinetic energy to rotating mechanical energy in the hydraulic machinery; the water-turbine engine consists of a or a plurality of jet orifices, a device corresponding to the jet orifices, a or a plurality of turning wheels arranged on a main axis for the universal water-turbine engine, a tailrace arranged under the turning wheel, a speed governor, a driving device and other parts. The water-turbine engine can develop and exploit all waterpower resources and has high efficiency, large capacity, safe and reliable performance, simple and reasonable structure as well as low manufacturing cost; the application of the water-turbine engine significantly promotes the current development and exploitation of the waterpower resource, thus being capable of marking a new epoch of rapid development of the hydroelectric power industry.

Description

All-purpose hydroturbine

Affiliated technical field

The invention belongs in the hydraulic machinery, the pressure energy of current is converted to kinetic energy, again its kinetic energy is converted to a kind of impingement water turbine of rotating mechanical energy.

Background technique

At present, the various water turbine in hydroelectric power is produced in the employed counterattack type not only can only use in its specific head and range of flow, and can only just can reach higher efficient under optimum operating condition.And its complex structure and huge, the platform number is many, and civilwork engineering quantity is big, the cost height.Manufacturing, transportation that this not only makes its equipment etc. has very big difficulty, and conditions such as the geology of exploitation hydraulic power potentials, landform are also had very high requirement.Thereby seriously restricted the development and use process of hydraulic power potentials, even can't develop at all some hydraulic power potentials.

Crossflow turbine in the prior art, it is by the related related rectangular nozzle that asymmetric arc drainage face is arranged of rectangular nozzle or both sides that arc drainage face is arranged of the affixed side in penstock waterexit end, adjusting flashboard or stator at the nozzle interior device, and evenly affixed by pressing circumferencial direction between two wheel discs, the cylindrical shape runner that several blades that are shaped as involute or Gothic constitute and the compositions such as tailrace of runner below.The deficiency that this water turbine exists is: become high-velocity flow through the current behind adjusting flashboard or the stator, and high-velocity flow must could impact runner bucket through behind the arc drainage face.When high-velocity flow during, because its direction constantly changes along arcuate surface, make to exist serious high-speed friction between the two all the time, thereby make the kinetic energy of high-velocity flow produce loss significantly through the related arc drainage face of nozzle.When current impacted runner bucket for the first time, the blade of its involute or Gothic impacted runner bucket for the second time under the situation that kinetic energy can not be passed to fully runner.When current impact runner bucket for the second time, because two interlobate water (flow) directions are intersected mutually with the direction of this blade movement, make current in the process that flows out, seriously hinder the running of runner, thereby make the acquired mechanical energy of runner produce loss significantly again.Through the heavy losses of twice energy, make the efficient of this water turbine extremely low.In addition, when the main shaft of this water turbine passes the runner center, can influence the current that impact runner bucket for the second time, can not cause its separate vane stress excessive again if do not pass the runner center, thereby make this water turbine be difficult to increase its capacity, can only be applicable to the development and use of minimal type hydraulic power potentials.Therefore, this water turbine fails to be used widely so far.

Water bucket type in the prior art and inclined-jet turbine are that cambered surface, folding face or its cross section are that the parts such as jet deflector of arc are formed by the nozzle of circle, cross section for runner, the guide face surface configuration of installing on circular nozzle needle, the main shaft.The deficiency that two kinds of water turbine all exist is: circular nozzle and circular nozzle needle, and the runner bucket of bucket shaped and spoon shape shape, the development and use of high head and small flow hydraulic power potentials can only be applicable to, development requires can not be satisfied under various heads the high flow water energy resource.And the serious head-on collision phenomenon that the high-velocity flow of ejection produces when concentrate at its center, end around the nozzle needle of circle, the kinetic energy of current has been caused very big loss.The guide face surface configuration be the jet deflector of cambered surface or folding face when the cracking-off jet, can produce very big impact force, its cross section is the jet deflector of the arc circular jet that then can only fracture.

At Chinese patent 02281268.7 disclosed " the horizontal spindle guide sail of horizontal type water turbine ", by generator, fixing frame, lead sail water turbine, water retaining facing, speed-raising hole and form.Its deficiency is: the right angle side that current flow into the speed-raising hole along the time because coherence effect streamline can not transfer suddenly, can only be crooked gradually, make current shrink phenomenon, thereby make its kinetic energy produce loss to a certain degree.From its " claims ", in " specification " and the accompanying drawing thereof, can't determine the shape of spout and the relative position of spout and radial blade, but according to the action principle of jet to surface plate, when even current act on the blade that is in best angle in the radial blade, also half that acts on its surperficial sub-fraction water flow dynamic energy can only be passed to this blade, its water less than half can only be passed to this blade and act on the current that block the blade before this blade, remaining water can not only not be converted to mechanical energy, act on the horizontal axis surface on the contrary, and pass through the horizontal axis surface action in the back side of its adjacent blades, seriously hindered the running of this water turbine.Therefore, the efficient of this water turbine is very low.Its bigger deficiency is that this water turbine does not have any flow regulator, make the rotating speed of water turbine and exert oneself uncontrollable, thereby can not satisfy the requirement that drives generator.In addition, splicing has wave around the hole in speed-raising, and the water retaining facing that is connected with fixing frame, can not adapt to the development and use than the big flood energy.

Disclosed in Chinese patent 200520097083.7 " pipe type water turbine " is made up of shell, water intake, water outlet, axis, arbor wheel and blade.The deficiency of its existence is: because of no injection apparatus, the current that enter blade have only the kinetic energy of flow velocity formation very little in pressure energy and the pipeline, thereby can not produce very big impulse force.Pressure energy all has pressure to the front and back of blade, only acts on the pressure of vacuum side of blade, then seriously hindered the running of arbor wheel, so this water turbine can't turn round effectively.From its accompanying drawing, demonstrate, the blade surface of water intake correspondence is by milder arc shaped surface, and plane that the plane with its outer rim place of the coupled plane that is positioned at its outer rim place and the centre of arc shaped surface or two-end part perk is connected as a single entity or folding face three parts are formed.Therefore, even flow out the current that have impulse force when rushing at this blade surface from its water intake, also be folded to the current that the direct bump in back is about to impact arc shaped surface, make water can produce heavy losses owing to impact the plane or the current behind the folding face of perk in plane, blade outer rim place and this blade.And blade is when entering the current that have impulse force, and at first collide with current at the back side of its circular arc, and this has not only produced very big opposition to blade, has also seriously disturbed the current that have impulse force.When current rush at two adjacent blades simultaneously, the current of two interlobate air and gathering can't in time be discharged, and mild arc shaped surface can not pass to the junction of under the blade situation it being guided into adjacent two blades fully with the kinetic energy of current, its kinetic energy is consumed at this place, thereby not only make the kinetic energy of current can not effectively be converted to mechanical energy, and make the current can not be smoothly and discharge blade in time.And this blade is stressed when big, and the junction of inner edges and arbor wheel can take place to rupture and metaboly.In addition, this water turbine is not provided with any flow regulator equally, and when exerting oneself or coupled external load when changing of arbor wheel, its rotating speed is in free state of changing, does not meet the generating requirement.

Disclosed in Chinese patent 95192658.6 " running water waterwheel ", by the cylinder and the side plate that partly are 4: 5 through ratio, be equipped with on the accessory plate at cylinder middle part and the outer round surface of cylinder many along axial direction regularly the blade arranged of partition distance form, each piece blade have one directly through equal side plate half through with the arc-shaped inner surface of the semicircle of the difference of half warp of cylinder, also have one from each blade on the summit on the side plate circumference to the circumference of cylinder, distance equals the streamline outer surface of the pitch between the blade.But appointment is many along the axial direction blade arranged of partition distance regularly in its " claims ", is respectively two blades of arranging and combining closely with the both sides of accessory plate along axial direction in the accompanying drawings, inconsistent with claim.From its " claims " appointment and " specification " in the diameter of circular arc of explanation and accompanying drawing can determine that the shaft axis of long cylinder of plane that two of this blade semicircular arc constitute between top and sealing is in same plane, therefore when blade movement during to bottommost current ability effective function in its internal surface, and the blade in its place ahead almost all blocks it at this moment, the blade in its place ahead is blocked by the outer rim of this blade itself again, and the current that enter the blade internal surface are assembled nowhere or are discharged, will continue to enter blade internal surface power water stream thereby make, because of being subjected to its extruding to change direction, make current can't act on the internal surface of blade.And, demonstrating between the arc-shaped inner surface of blade semicircle and the streamline outer surface from its accompanying drawing is a folding face, make and formed extremely rough groove between adjacent two blades, thereby make the flow that enters the circular arc vane internal surface can not continue during to the streamline outer surface to flow smoothly, but the linear outer surface of convection current produces bigger impulsive contact force, and when the streamline outer surface flows out, will fully produce centrifugal pump effect, consume its acquired mechanical energy.Therefore, this water turbine still can not effectively turn round.And, the same no any flow regulator of this water turbine, thus make its rotating speed, exert oneself etc. uncontrollable.Water turbine that its preferred embodiment adopts and bearing together along Vertical direction with respect to the technological scheme that the supporting upright post of floating trough moves, can not control its rotating speed effectively and exert oneself, more can not commensurate structure and the bigger water wheels unit of weight.

Disclosed in Chinese patent 97229741.3 " highly effective water wheel machine ", the arbor that is driven by water main, backflushing type upper rotor part and impact type lower rotor part and rotor constitutes.The blade of its impact type lower rotor part is several and axis arc shaped blade at an angle.The deficiency of this water turbine is: the water impact that flows out in the blade pipe by upper rotor part is when the arc shaped blade of lower rotor part, and current can directly flow out its bottom from the bottom of arc shaped blade, thereby its kinetic energy can not be passed to effectively the blade of lower rotor part.And the overall structure of this water turbine is extremely unreasonable.

Because the wretched insufficiency that above each water turbine exists makes the development and utilization process of hydraulic power potentials still very slow so far, thereby make the loss of doing nothing chronically of cleaning, cheapness and reproducible hydraulic power potentials, can not benefit for the mankind.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of all water turbine existence at present, large, medium and small type and other all hydraulic power potentialss all can be able to be developed and provide a kind of, and the efficient height, capacity is big, performance is safe and reliable, simple and reasonable, cost is low, and the all-purpose hydroturbine of easily implementing in practice.

The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.

This water turbine comprises flume, regulate flashboard, transmission part, main shaft and bearing thereof, coupling, speed regulator, power plant and tailrace, and comprise wheel hub or wheel disc, it is characterized in that: affixed one or several devices have adjusting brake shoe that is in transmission connection with speed regulator or power plant or the jet orifice of regulating flashboard in the waterexit end of flume, device one or several all-purpose hydroturbine runners on main shaft, and make the water entering surface of its corresponding runner bucket of jet orifice corresponding, below all runners, be provided with tailrace, one end of main shaft is connected by the spindle of machineries such as coupling or other transmission part and generator, and the other end of main shaft can also be connected with the spindle of an other all-purpose hydroturbine or is in transmission connection successively with the main shaft of several all-purpose hydroturbines by coupling or other transmission part.

Jet orifice of the present invention, the jet orifice that can mainly form at the adjusting brake shoe at this water outlet outlet position by water outlet and device.

Jet orifice of the present invention also can mainly be regulated the jet orifice that flashboard is formed by water outlet and device at the plane shape or the arc surfaced of this water outlet exit surface.

Jet orifice of the present invention, the jet orifice that can also mainly form by water outlet and the adjusting brake shoe of device in this water outlet.

Jet orifice of the present invention can also be mainly be contained in the jet orifice that the adjusting flashboard of this water outlet outlet end is formed by water outlet and hinge.

Jet orifice of the present invention, with runner that jet orifice is connected in device gate or valve are arranged, when perhaps device has the water conservancy diversion regulator plate that is in transmission connection with speed regulator or power plant between jet orifice and the runner, this jet orifice can not install to be regulated brake shoe or regulates flashboard, and it directly is set to jet orifice.

All-purpose hydroturbine runner of the present invention mainly is the spiral vane of groove shaped or is made up of by the blade of axial direction arrangement a group of docking successively that the spiral blade that forms forms of several sections blades or array by wheel hub or wheel disc with in several surface configurations that its outer round surface evenly is provided with by circumferencial direction.

All-purpose hydroturbine runner of the present invention, the blade of the surface configuration toroidal cavity that to be or several arrange along axial direction or be that the blade of groove shaped is arranged in order or docks of forming by circumferencial direction or several circular blades of arranging along axial direction are formed by several surface configurations can also be mainly be set by wheel hub or wheel disc with at its outer round surface.

All-purpose hydroturbine runner of the present invention, can also be mainly be that the blade that a group of forming of smooth groove shaped blade or array are arranged along axial direction is formed by wheel hub or wheel disc with in several surface configurations that its outer round surface evenly is provided with by circumferencial direction, be that smooth groove shaped blade is formed mainly perhaps by several surface configurations by the even setting of circumferencial direction between wheel disc and two wheel discs.

All-purpose hydroturbine runner of the present invention can also install auxiliary blade or supporting element in the groove of its blade, between blade and the blade or in the end of blade.

When pressure flow enters jet orifice by flume, and when penetrating jet orifice with very high speed, the pressure energy of current has been converted to kinetic energy.The high-velocity flow that penetrates jet orifice is under the situation without any interference, and directly the side from its corresponding runner bucket water entering surface enters, and begins to impact blade.According to the action principle of high-velocity flow to concave face plate, when the side of high-velocity flow from the groove shaped blade enters, and under the guiding of the auxiliary blade that in groove, installs, during along its Surface runoff to its opposite side, the direction of the current direction when it enters has changed about 180 degree, and passed to blade fully with the kinetic energy of current this moment.Blade then drives runner to begin to rotate, thereby has converted the kinetic energy of current to rotating mechanical energy effectively.When the direction of current changes to the 180 degree left and right sides, current in the spiral vane have flowed to the angular orientation of no high-velocity flow along Hand of spiral, and rely on its inertia that flows continue from adjacent blades thereafter go out behind the smooth discharge blade of the water surface under let out to tailrace, thereby avoided current when the water outlet surface current of blade goes out effectively, because the rotation of runner is to the centrifugal pump effect of its generation; Current in the ring blade are towards the sluicing runner of no high-velocity flow, and by its inertia that flows and deadweight by letting out to tailrace under the sluicing runner; Current in the smooth groove shaped blade then rely on its inertia that flows to continue to let out to tailrace down behind the discharge blade smoothly and in time from the position that the water surface is positioned at the gap correspondence between adjacent two jet orifices that goes out of adjacent blades thereafter, thus avoided effectively its to the interference of the high-velocity flow that will continue to rush at the blade water entering surface with its by blade go out the water surface time centrifugal pump effect that produces.

When this water turbine need change flow when size that enters runner, can also can the part high-velocity flow directly be imported tailrace by regulating brake shoe or regulating the size that flashboard is regulated the high-velocity flow flow that penetrates from jet orifice by the water conservancy diversion regulator plate.When this water turbine need be shut down, can close regulate brake shoe or flashboard and with runner that jet orifice is connected in shut down behind the gate that installs or the valve, shut down after also can utilizing the water conservancy diversion regulator plate that high-velocity flow is all imported tailrace.

Device has or not the jet orifice of regulating brake shoe or flashboard in this water turbine, or this water turbine and jet orifice be not when having other all-purpose hydroturbine of regulating brake shoe or flashboard and being connected, in this water turbine there be in the time of still need opening behind the jet orifice standard-sized sheet of regulating brake shoe or flashboard device, can open jet orifice or other nothing of not having adjusting brake shoe or flashboard and regulate the gate or the valve of brake shoe or flashboard water turbine jet orifice, and will have the aperture of the jet orifice of regulating brake shoe or flashboard to be adjusted to corresponding position in this water turbine.When the adjusting brake shoe of this water turbine or flashboard close to minimum position and still need to close, then close nothing and regulate the jet orifice of brake shoe or flashboard or inlet gate or the valve that other nothing is regulated brake shoe or flashboard water turbine jet orifice, then will have the aperture of the jet orifice of regulating brake shoe or flashboard to be adjusted to corresponding position in this water turbine.When this water turbine need change the flow size that enters runner or shut down; then utilize water conservancy diversion regulator plate, shut down after the part high-velocity flow is imported tailrace or cuts off the high-velocity flow that enters all runners rapidly by speed regulator or unified all water turbine that drive of power plant.

All jet orifices in this water turbine all do not install regulator piece or flashboard; and gate or the valve in the runner that device has with jet orifice is connected only; when perhaps only installing the water conservancy diversion regulator plate; then the position of the aperture of can regulate gate or valve or adjusting water conservancy diversion regulator plate changes the size of the high-velocity flow flow that enters runner; and can close all gates or valve, shut down after perhaps utilizing the water conservancy diversion regulator plate to cut off all high-velocity flows.

According to above-described formation situation and working principle and working procedure, this water turbine has following useful effect and obvious improvement:

1. the jet orifice of this water turbine, self loss when current penetrate is very little.Especially the outlet port device of water outlet has the jet orifice of regulating brake shoe and being hinged with the adjusting flashboard in the end of water outlet, and the jet orifice that directly is set to have drainage face, does not have self loss when current penetrate.Therefore, this jet orifice has very high efficient, and all can be with the state operation of peak efficiency under various operating modes.

2. the runner bucket in this water turbine can carry out work to the requirement of the action principle of concave face plate according to high-velocity flow fully, and current can reduce to greatest extent to the formed resistance of the rotation of blade when going out the water surface and leave runner by blade.Therefore, this runner not only has very high efficient, and all can be with the state operation of peak efficiency under various operating modes.

3. one or several all-purpose hydroturbine runners installing in this water turbine or several jet orifices and the main shaft, and other one or several all-purpose hydroturbines of being connected with this water turbine, can satisfy the development and use requirement of large, medium and small type and other all hydraulic power potentialss.Especially can satisfy and can't develop at present, and the very development and use requirement of abundant low water head high flow water energy resource of reserves.

4. this water turbine can be connected by one or several water turbine, and the back is common to drive machineries such as generator.Therefore, its capacity can increase under the situation that does not increase mechanical stage numbers such as generator as required.Thereby reduced the platform tricks of machineries such as generator and corollary equipment thereof.

5. behind this water turbine equipment water conservancy diversion regulator plate, the size that not only can regulate the high-velocity flow flow that enters runner, and high-velocity flow can be cut off the back emergency shutdown rapidly.Therefore; when not only having eliminated emergency shutdown; the threat of the water hammer pressure that the ratio normal pressure that pressure flow produces in penstock and pressure diversion chamber is much higher times; thereby greatly reduce the cost of pressing the diversion facility; can also under the situation of controlling mechanism wearing and tearing or fault, still can shut down reliably rapidly.This not only makes this unit have very high safety reliability, also will lay a solid foundation for building full-automatic water power station unattended or on duty.

Since this water turbine in except that the water inlet position and water outlet position of runner, other position of runner tightly surrounds by guard shield or shell, after runner is flooded in water, blade and other current can be isolated effectively, thereby reduced the resistance when blade turns round greatly in water, so this water turbine is in the floodage operation and the time still can turns round effectively in water.

7. not only parts are few in addition for this water turbine, and the structure of each parts is very simple, thereby avoided complicated manufacturing process and manufacture difficulty; Because each parts is stressed very single in this water turbine, therefore makes each parts have superior stress condition, thereby avoided loaded down with trivial details supplementary equipment and fixture.And the main civil works of this water turbine has only tailrace.Therefore, not only cost is low in practice for this water turbine, and easily implements.

8. because the structure of this water turbine can be carried out combination in any as required, therefore not only greatly reduce the difficulty of its equipment transportation, and to all developments and utilizations neatly of multi-form hydraulic power potentials.For the exploitation of big-and-middle-sized hydraulic power potentials, can also develop in mode zero with integralization or that turn parts into the whole at conditions such as its manufacturing, transportation and landform, geology.Therefore, this water turbine can carry out the blanket type exploitation to the river with hydraulic power potentials.Thereby, become the main body energy after can forming scale and benefit.

9. this water turbine makes this water turbine under the situation of no high dam and big storage capacity reservoir adjusting because its electric motor power can strengthen as required, and the water yield of flood duration still can be made full use of.Therefore the utilization of this water turbine can be avoided the trouble and worry of high dam existence and the submerge loss in the large size soil that big reservoir causes.And high dam and the required huge disposable fund input of big storage capacity reservoir have been avoided building.

10. utilize hydraulic power potentials to carry out not only water loss not of hydroelectric power, and do not have the cost of any befouling environment.A lot of regions worldwide have abundant hydraulic power potentials, and wherein Zhong Guo potential hydroenergy ranks first in the world.This is a big advantage of energy source in China, especially the absolute predominance of world's cleaning, cheapness and permanent renewable energy sources.Therefore hydraulic power potentials is carried out sufficient development and utilization, not only can change energy scarcity that the world today exists and hard case of the serious discharging of pollutant, and can access long-term and high-grade energy endlessly.According to above-described beneficial effect and obvious improvement, the practice of this water turbine in hydroelectric power is produced has great impetus to the development and use process of present hydraulic power potentials, and water can be fully utilized.Simultaneously, can also promote the process that renovates of existing poor efficiency hydro-electric power generating equipment.Thereby, the new era that can start the fast development of hydroelectric power cause.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is done detailed explanation.

Fig. 1 be among Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 along the sectional view of Q-Q line, this figure also adopts the clear relative position of rectangular jet mouth and runner bucket and the external surface shape of runner expressed of the mode of broken section; Fig. 2 is along the sectional drawing of A-A line among Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is the partial sectional view of auxiliary blade and leaf spiral vane joint; Fig. 4 is along the sectional drawing of B-B line among Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is along the sectional drawing of E-E line among Fig. 9; Fig. 6 be F among Fig. 9 to view, this figure adopts the clear staggered relative position of auxiliary blade of having expressed of the mode of broken section; Fig. 7 is the flow direction figure of Fig. 9 high speed flow action behind the groove shaped blade surface; Fig. 8 is along the sectional drawing of C-C line among Fig. 5.Fig. 9 is along the sectional drawing of D-D line among Fig. 5; Figure 10 is along the sectional drawing of G-G line among Figure 13; Figure 11 is along the sectional drawing of H-H line among Figure 10; Figure 12 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of the all-purpose hydroturbine of device butterfly valve in the runner of rectangular jet mouth; Figure 13 is a drawing in side sectional elevation of regulating the all-purpose hydroturbine of brake shoe at the rectangular jet Oral appliances; Figure 14 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of runner among Figure 12; Figure 15 is the structural drawing of the individual blade of runner among Figure 13; Figure 16 is along the sectional drawing of P-P line among Figure 15; Figure 17 is along the sectional drawing of J-J line among Figure 18; Figure 18 is along the sectional drawing of I-I line among Figure 17; Figure 19 is that K among Figure 17 is to view; Figure 20 is that L among Figure 18 is to view; Figure 21 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of the runner formed behind affixed groove shaped blade between two runner wheel discs; Figure 22 is the sectional arrangement drawing of Figure 21; Figure 23 is the drawing in side sectional elevation that does not install regulator piece or flashboard jet orifice; Figure 24 is that N in 25 is to view; Figure 25 be among Figure 24 along the sectional view of M-M line, this graph expression all-purpose hydroturbine utilize the structural type of oceanic tide hydraulic power potentials generating.

More than label among each figure represent respectively: 1. pressure diversion chamber; 2. jet orifice; 3. plane shape is regulated flashboard; 4. blade goes out the water surface; 5. roller bearing; 6. runner wheel disc; 7. key; 8. main shaft; 9. runner bucket; 10. blade water entering surface; 11. guard shield; 12. drive link; 13. tonifying Qi hole; 14. installation room; 15. bearing; 16. auxiliary blade; 17. tailrace; 18. coupling; 19. barrage; 20. inlet gate; 21. adjusting brake shoe; 22. drainage face; 23. water conservancy diversion regulator plate; 24. slide block; 25. track; 26. crossbeam; 27. servomotor (oil cylinder); 28. Sealing; 29. gate slot; 30. dividing plate; 31. cylinder; 32. sluicing runner; 33. dumping-guiding plate; 34. dunnage; 35. support beam; 36. controlling rod; 37. runner boss; 38. control panel; 39. support ring; 40. ocean; 41. bay; 42. strut; 43. end cap; 44. pier in the sea wall; 45. sea wall; 46. wire rope; 47. top cover; 48. hoist shaft; 49. empty stomach flap gate; 50. baffle plate; 51. arc surfaced is regulated flashboard; 52. ring lock groove; 53. arc filling block; 54. pulley; 55. steel wire rope groove; 56. wearing plate, facing plate; 57. rectangle is crossed water flow passage; 58. wire rope track; 59. drainage piece; 60. pull bar; 61. butterfly valve; 62. hydraulic operating mechanism.

Embodiment

Fig. 1,2,3 and 4 shows first embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1: in this embodiment, be in transmission connection successively by the main shaft of three all-purpose hydroturbines that the back is common to drive a generator, and be No. 1 all-purpose hydroturbine, No. 2 all-purpose hydroturbines and No. 3 all-purpose hydroturbines with each water turbine right-to-left number consecutively.In three water turbine, except that the jet orifice device of No. 1 all-purpose hydroturbine has the controlling mechanism, the jet orifice of No. 2 and No. 3 water turbine does not all install controlling mechanism, but it directly is set to have the rectangular jet mouth of drainage face, and with pressure diversion chamber that this rectangular jet mouth is connected before water intake respectively device inlet gate is arranged.Also device has inlet gate before the pressure diversion chamber of No. 1 all-purpose hydroturbine, with the special-purpose gate of its maintenance as No. 1 all-purpose hydroturbine.

As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, the formation situation of No. 1 all-purpose hydroturbine is: device has inlet gate 20 in the lock groove 29 of barrage 19, is connected with pressure diversion chamber 1 behind the lock groove 29, and the waterexit end of pressure diversion chamber 1 is connected with rectangular jet mouth 2.On main shaft 8, be set with 1 all-purpose hydroturbine runner, and the water entering surface 10 of rectangular jet mouth 2 and runner bucket 9 is corresponding.The two ends of main shaft 8 are respectively by bearing supporting 15.Below the runner of suit on the main shaft 8, be provided with tailrace 17.In two tracks 25 that the both sides of the tailrace 17 between rectangular jet mouth 2 and runner are provided with respectively device slide block 24 is arranged.Be connected with water conservancy diversion regulator plate 23 between two slide blocks 24, the two ends of water conservancy diversion regulator plate 23 are hinged with drive link respectively.The other end of two drive links respectively with device at the servomotor 27 at tailrace 17 tops ' be in transmission connection.Servomotor 27 ' drive by hydrodynamic governor.In tailrace 17, be provided with from the drainage face 22 of lower edge to tailrace 17 bottoms of rectangular jet mouth 2 ".One end of main shaft 8 is connected with the spindle of generator by coupling 18, and the other end is connected by the spindle of coupling with No. 2 all-purpose hydroturbines.The rectangular jet mouth 2 of No. 1 all-purpose hydroturbine, by the bottom have drainage face 22 ' the rectangle water outlet and form at the adjusting brake shoe 21 that has drainage face 22 of the top suit of this water outlet drainage face 22 ' correspondence.Both sides, bottom above rectangular jet mouth 2 outsides are fixed with crossbeam 26, and device has roller bearing 5 in the crossbeam 26.The top of regulating brake shoe 21 two ends is in transmission connection with the drive link 12 of device at the servomotor 27 at its top.Be connected by the pressure transport pipe between servomotor 27 and the oil pressure power plant.Be provided with Sealing around the adjusting brake shoe 21.This rectangular jet mouth correspondence, be sleeved on the all-purpose hydroturbine runner on the main shaft 8, evenly install by circumferencial direction at runner boss 37 outer surfaces by runner boss 37 and 12, shape of cross section is that two groups of Hand of spiral forming of the spiral vane 9 of groove shaped are opposite, and press the blade composition that axial direction is arranged.In the groove of blade 9, evenly be fixed with auxiliary blade 16 respectively, be fixed with support ring 39 in the end of blade 9.Be connected with key 7 between runner boss 37 and the main shaft 8.The top of runner is fixed with guard shield 11.On guard shield 11, offer tonifying Qi hole 13.

As shown in figures 1 and 3, the formation situation of No. 2 all-purpose hydroturbines is: device has inlet gate 20 in the lock groove 29 of barrage 19, be connected with pressure diversion chamber 1 behind the lock groove 29, the waterexit end of pressure diversion chamber 1 be connected with directly be set to have corresponding up and down drainage face 22 ' rectangular jet mouth 2.On main shaft 8, be set with 1 all-purpose hydroturbine runner, and the water entering surface 10 of rectangular jet mouth 2 and turbine runner blade 9 is corresponding.The two ends of main shaft 8 are supported by bearing respectively.Below the runner of suit on the main shaft 8, be provided with tailrace 17.In two tracks 25 that the both sides of tailrace 17 are provided with between rectangular jet mouth 2 and rotary wheel of water turbine respectively device slide block 24 is arranged.Be connected with water conservancy diversion regulator plate 23 between two slide blocks 24, the two ends of water conservancy diversion regulator plate 23 are hinged with drive link respectively.The other end of two drive links respectively with device at the servomotor 27 at tailrace 17 tops ' be in transmission connection.Servomotor 27 ' drive by hydrodynamic governor.In tailrace 17, be provided with from the drainage face 22 of lower edge to tailrace 17 bottoms of rectangular jet mouth 2 ".One end of main shaft 8 is connected by the spindle of coupling with No. 1 all-purpose hydroturbine, and the other end is connected by the spindle of coupling with No. 3 all-purpose hydroturbines.This rectangular jet mouth correspondence, be sleeved on the all-purpose hydroturbine runner on the main shaft 8, evenly install by circumferencial direction at runner boss 37 outer surfaces by runner boss 37 and 12, and the blade that is groove shaped by 14 sections shape of cross sections respectively to dock 2 groups of Hand of spiral that the spiral blade 9 that forms of back forms successively opposite, and press the blade composition of axial direction arrangement.In the groove of blade, evenly be fixed with auxiliary blade 16 respectively, be fixed with support ring 39 in the end of blade 9.Be connected with key 7 respectively between runner boss 37 and the main shaft 8.The top of runner is fixed with guard shield 11.On guard shield 11, offer tonifying Qi hole 13.

As shown in Figure 1: the structure of No. 3 all-purpose hydroturbines and No. 2 water turbine are identical.

When the inlet gate of opening No. 1 all-purpose hydroturbine, and open when regulating brake shoe according to the hydraulic transmission servomotor that the size of the water yield drives rectangular jet mouth in No. 1 all-purpose hydroturbine by the oil pressure power plant, pressure flow penetrates from jet orifice, and enter blade from outward edge one side of spiral vane water entering surface 10 and begin directly to impact blade, the runner of No. 1 all-purpose hydroturbine is rotated simultaneously by the runner that main shaft and coupling drive generator and No. 2, No. 3 all-purpose hydroturbines.Current are upwards discharged two interlobate air from the outer rim position of no auxiliary blade between adjacent two blades when impacting spiral vane, and the current that the general will shift to an earlier date discharge blade after the work done are discharged downwards from the outer rim position of no auxiliary blade between blade.After current pass to runner bucket fully with its kinetic energy, from adjacent blades thereafter go out that the water surface 4 is discharged and under let out to tailrace.

Behind the adjusting brake shoe standard-sized sheet of No. 1 all-purpose hydroturbine, when still having a large amount of water yields to utilize, then, pressure flow is directly penetrated from the jet orifice of No. 2 or No. 3 all-purpose hydroturbines, and impact the water entering surface of its corresponding runner bucket the inlet gate complete opening of No. 2 or No. 3 all-purpose hydroturbines.Simultaneously, the adjusting brake shoe in No. 1 water turbine is adjusted to corresponding aperture.When coming the water yield to reduce, then the adjusting brake shoe with No. 1 all-purpose hydroturbine closes to the appropriate location.When the adjusting brake shoe of No. 1 water turbine closes to minimum position, and when still needing to close, then close the inlet gate of No. 2 or No. 3 all-purpose hydroturbines, then the adjusting brake shoe with No. 1 water turbine is adjusted to suitable aperture.

When needs change exerting oneself during size of runner, then the water conservancy diversion regulator plate of 3 all-purpose hydroturbines is promoted to suitable height simultaneously by speed regulator, make the part high-velocity flow directly import tailrace.When unit needs emergency shutdown, then the water conservancy diversion regulator plate of 3 all-purpose hydroturbines is promoted to the extreme higher position simultaneously by speed regulator after, shut down after whole high-velocity flows are imported tailrace rapidly.

When because of tailwater elevation is too high runner being flooded flood duration,, make the suffered resistance of runner bucket very little because the guard shield at runner top can be isolated runner bucket and other current effectively; Can be in time in the tonifying Qi hole that is provided with on the guard shield in two interlobate cavitys, mend air, make that other blade does not produce water pump effect in the runner yet, thereby this runner still can effectively be turned round.

Two sections blades that Hand of spiral is opposite that are provided with on the runner in this water turbine, the end thrust that the current of cancelling out each other produce when its kinetic energy is converted to mechanical energy; Auxiliary blade also has supporting effect to spiral vane; The drainage face that is provided with in the tailrace when the water conservancy diversion regulator plate directly imports tailrace with high-velocity flow, can be guided its kinetic energy into downstream smoothly, thereby alleviated the degree of wear of high-velocity flow to tailrace greatly; Roller then can effectively alleviate the resistance when regulating brake shoe and moving up and down.

Fig. 5,6,7,8 and 9 shows second embodiment of the present invention.In this embodiment, be in transmission connection successively by the main shaft of two identical in structure all-purpose hydroturbines that the back is common to drive a generator.

Shown in Fig. 9,5 and 6: be connected with in the waterexit end of rectangle pressure diversion chamber 1 by 10 and arrange by " one " word shape, and at mutual tool rectangular jet mouth 2 at regular intervals.Top at each jet orifice 2 is provided with lock chamber, the position up and down of lock chamber respectively device have roller bearing 5 and 5 ', and in lock chamber respectively device have and regulate flashboard 3.The top of regulating flashboard 3 is in transmission connection with crossbeam 26 respectively, and the two ends of crossbeam 26 are in transmission connection with the servomotor 27 of device at its top respectively.Be connected by oil hydraulic circuit between servomotor 27 and the speed regulator.On main shaft 8, be set with 2 identical in structure all-purpose hydroturbine runners, and make a side of 10 adjacent two blades of rectangular jet mouths its corresponding 2 runners of difference 9 water entering surfaces corresponding.The two ends of main shaft 8 are respectively by bearing 15 supportings.The runner below is provided with tailrace 17.One end of main shaft 8 is connected with the spindle of generator by coupling, and the other end of main shaft 8 is connected with the spindle of another all-purpose hydroturbine by coupling.Be sleeved on the runner boss that 2 all-purpose hydroturbine runners on the main shaft 8 are formed by two wheel discs 6 and the cylinder 31 of the mutual correspondence in runner two ends, at wheel hub outer round surface suit, and along 20 surface configurations that axial direction is arranged in order blade 9 that is toroidal cavity, and the auxiliary blade 16 of 24 1/4th ball shapes that evenly install by circumferencial direction respectively in ring blade 9 is formed.Be connected with key 7 respectively between runner wheel disc 6 and the main shaft 8.The top of runner is fixed with guard shield 11.

Shown in Fig. 5,7 and 8: between adjacent two jet orifices 2, be respectively sluicing runner 32, and the opposite side of adjacent two blades of sluicing runner 32 and runner 9 water entering surfaces is corresponding.In sluicing runner 32, be fixed with dumping-guiding plate 33.Between sluicing runner 32 and jet orifice 2, be provided with dividing plate 30.

As shown in Figure 6: rectangular jet mouth 2 corresponding two groups of adjacent auxiliary blades 16 and sluicing runner 32 corresponding two groups of auxiliary blades, 16 interlaced arranged.

The roller bearing that install respectively at the position up and down of lock chamber in this water turbine can make and regulate flashboard opening and closing neatly; The auxiliary blade of arranging that is staggered can will enter the sluicing runner equably from the current that runner is discharged; Dividing plate can prevent effectively that then the current that penetrate the current of jet orifice and discharge runner from producing interference each other.

The high-velocity flow that is penetrated by jet orifice directly enters runner bucket from a side of runner bucket, and the surface by ring blade and auxiliary blade is when its opposite side flows out, kinetic energy with current has passed to runner fully, and runner drives generator by main shaft and coupling and rotates.Current from its opposite side outflow, its direction change to 180 degree during the left and right sides fully towards the sluicing runner, and after leaning on its inertia that continues to flow successfully to enter the sluicing runner with deadweight, under the dredging of dumping-guiding plate, let out to tailrace down equably, thereby avoided current crowded and the running of runner is exerted an influence at this place.

When the size of exerting oneself that goes out flow and water turbine of this jet orifice need to change, then can change the size that it goes out flow and exerts oneself by speed regulator adjustment any one or the size of adjusting the adjusting flashboard aperture of two water turbine simultaneously.When this water turbine needs emergency shutdown, then can the adjusting flashboard of all jet orifices of two water turbine cut out the back simultaneously and shut down by speed regulator.

Figure 10,11,12,13,14,15 and 16 shows the 3rd embodiment of the present invention.In this embodiment, by two jet orifices and rotaring wheel structure generator of the common drive of all-purpose hydroturbine all inequality.

Shown in Figure 13,10 and 11: be connected with in the waterexit end of pressure diversion chamber 1 by 4 and arrange by " one " word shape, and at mutual tool rectangular jet mouth 2 at regular intervals.Being respectively installed with the cross section in rectangular jet mouth 2 is rectangle, and the longitudinal section is the adjusting brake shoe 21 of prismatic, and the projection that will regulate brake shoe 21 both sides places respectively in the track 25 that jet orifice 2 both sides are provided with, and the tail end of regulating brake shoe 21 is in transmission connection with crossbeam 26 respectively.The two ends of crossbeam 26 are in transmission connection with the servomotor 27 of device at flume 1 top respectively.Be connected by oil hydraulic circuit between servomotor 27 and the speed regulator.Be set with 1 all-purpose hydroturbine runner on main shaft 8, the two ends of main shaft 8 are supported by bearing respectively.The runner of suit below is provided with tailrace 17 on the main shaft 8.One end of main shaft is connected with the spindle of generator by coupling, and its other end is connected with the spindle of another water turbine by coupling.Be connected with key 7 respectively between runner wheel disc 6 and the main shaft 8.The top of runner is fixed with guard shield 11.Between adjacent two jet orifices 2, be sluicing runner 32, in sluicing runner 32, be fixed with dumping-guiding plate 33, between sluicing runner 32 and jet orifice 2, be provided with dividing plate 30.

Shown in Figure 13,15 and 16: be sleeved on runner boss that the all-purpose hydroturbine runner on the main shaft 8 is made up of mutually corresponding two wheel discs 6 in runner two ends and

cylinder

31 and 8 of installing by circumferencial direction at the runner boss outer surface are arranged in order along axial direction, and the blade 9 that is semi-circular recesses by 24 shape of cross sections is respectively formed by the evenly distributed successively circular blade that forms of circumferencial direction.In the groove of blade 9, be fixed with respectively auxiliary blade 16 ' and 16 "; auxiliary blade 16 ' and 16 " top position and be fixed with strut 42 thereafter between the adjacent blades, front end at blade 9 is fixed with auxiliary blade 16 respectively, and its other end is fixed with dunnage 34 respectively.With rectangular jet mouth 2 no auxiliary blade 16 in the water entering surface of adjacent two blades 9 respectively with runner " a side corresponding, and auxiliary blade 16 is arranged in the water entering surface with adjacent two blades 9 of sluicing runner 32 and runner " a side corresponding.

Shown in Figure 12 and 14: the runner boss that the runner of another all-purpose hydroturbine that is in transmission connection with this water turbine is made up of corresponding mutually two runner wheel discs 6 in runner two ends and cylinder 31, install by circumferencial direction at the runner boss outer round surface 8 are arranged in order along axial direction, and the arc shaped blade 9 that is semi-circular recesses by 12 shape of cross sections is respectively formed by the evenly distributed successively circular blade that forms of circumferencial direction.In blade 9, be fixed with 2 auxiliary blades 16 respectively.Be connected with equally in the waterexit end of this water turbine pressure diversion chamber by 4 and arrange by " one " word shape, and at mutual tool jet orifice 2 at regular intervals, jet orifice 2 does not install regulator piece or regulator panel assembly, and make it directly is set to have up and down the rectangular jet mouth of two corresponding mutually drainage faces 22 after, device has butterfly valve 61 respectively in pressure diversion runner thereafter, and at the top of each butterfly valve 61 all device hydraulic operating mechanism 62 is arranged.One side of the water entering surface of its corresponding runner bucket 9 of jet orifice 2 difference is corresponding.Be respectively the sluicing runner between adjacent two jet orifices 2, and the sluicing runner is corresponding with the opposite side of runner bucket 9 respectively.Between sluicing runner and jet orifice 2, be provided with dividing plate 30.

When by speed regulator drive servomotor unlatching adjusting brake shoe or by the hydraulic operating mechanism opened butterfly valve, current penetrate from jet orifice, and directly enter blade from a side of blade, current flow out from its opposite side under the guiding of auxiliary blade, passed to runner fully with the kinetic energy of current this moment, and runner drives generator by main shaft and coupling and rotates.The current that flow out from the blade opposite side then successfully enter the sluicing runner, and under let out to tailrace.

When this water turbine need be adjusted the water flow that penetrates jet orifice big or small, then can drive the aperture size that brake shoe is regulated in the servomotor adjustment by speed regulator, also can open or close one or several butterfly valves by hydraulic operating mechanism.When this water turbine needs emergency shutdown, then will shut down behind the adjusting brake shoe of 2 water turbine and all butterfly valve Close Alls.

Figure 17,18,19,20,21,22 and 23 shows the 4th embodiment of the present invention.This embodiment is by two jet orifices and rotaring wheel structure generator of the common drive of all-purpose hydroturbine inequality equally.

Shown in Figure 17,18,19 and 20: be connected with in the lower end of the pressure diversion chamber of being supported by support beam 35 1 by 6 and arrange by " one " word shape, the both sides, front and back of its correspondence are hinged with the rectangular jet mouth 2 of regulating flashboard 3 respectively.Between adjacent two rectangular jet mouths 2, all have the interval of certain distance, and in the interval, be fixed with dunnage 34 '.The other end of regulating flashboard 3 is in transmission connection by dunnage 34 and controlling rod 36 respectively.The two ends of controlling rod 36 are in transmission connection with the servomotor 27 of device in all ends, jet orifice 2 left and right sides respectively, are connected by oil hydraulic circuit between servomotor 27 and the oil pressure power plant.The left and right sides, lower end at rectangular jet mouth 2 is respectively arranged with dividing plate 30, offers track 25 on dividing plate 30.The below of rectangular jet mouth 2 respectively device the guide face surface configuration is arranged is the water conservancy diversion regulator plate 23 of plane shape, and the dunnage of its both sides is in transmission connection with the strut 42 of device in track 25.Strut 42 is in transmission connection by pull bar 60 and control panel 38.Pull bar 60 is by being packed in dividing plate 30 upper backup pads 34 " to be supported.The two ends of control panel 38 respectively with the servomotor 27 ' be in transmission connection of device on dividing plate 30, be connected by oil hydraulic circuit between servomotor 27 and the speed regulator.On main shaft 8, be set with 1 all-purpose hydroturbine runner, and make the water entering surface of its corresponding runner bucket 9 of rectangular jet mouth 2 difference corresponding.The two ends of main shaft 8 are respectively by bearing 15 supportings.The runner of suit below is provided with tailrace 17 on the main shaft 8.One end of main shaft is connected with the spindle of generator by coupling, and the other end of main shaft 8 is connected with the spindle of another all-purpose hydroturbine by coupling.Be sleeved on the all-purpose hydroturbine runner on the main shaft 8, the runner boss of forming by the cylinder 31 of the peripheral suit of mutually corresponding two wheel discs 6 in runner two ends and two wheel discs 6, being arranged in order by circumferencial direction by 12 that the runner boss outer round surface installs, surface configuration is that 6 groups of blades that are arranged in order along axial direction that smooth groove shaped blade 9 is formed are formed.End with blade 9 between two groups of adjacent blades 9 is fixed with support ring 39 respectively, and with two groups of adjacent interlaced arrangements of blade.Be connected with key 7 respectively between runner wheel disc 6 and the main shaft 8.Be fixed with guard shield 11 around runner and the jet orifice 2 respectively.

As Figure 21,22 with shown in Figure 23: the runner of another all-purpose hydroturbine that is connected with the spindle of this water turbine is made up of by the circumferencial direction blade 9 that to be arranged in order 12 affixed surface configurations be groove shaped 6 on mutual corresponding two runner wheel discs 6 of suit on the main shaft 8 and two wheel discs, and is fixed with dunnage 34 respectively in the groove of blade 9.The waterexit end of this water turbine pressure diversion chamber is connected with the jet orifice that is semicircular arc by 6 two ends shapes of arranging by " one " word shape equally, the any controlling device of this jet orifice device, but with total pressure conduit pipe that all jet orifices link to each other in device valve is arranged.Between adjacent two jet orifices 2, all have the interval of certain distance, and in the interval, be fixed with dunnage 34 '.There are dividing plate and water conservancy diversion regulator plate in the below of jet orifice 2 with sampling device, and other structure and another water turbine of its structure and this water turbine are identical.

When the oil pressure power plant drive servomotor unlatching adjusting flashboard, the high-velocity flow of ejaculation jet orifice enters blade from a side of runner bucket water entering surface, and go out from the water outlet surface current of adjacent blades thereafter, passed to runner fully with the kinetic energy of current this moment, and runner drives generator by main shaft and coupling and rotates.Owing to be provided with certain spacing between adjacent two jet orifices, therefore high-velocity flow is when entering runner bucket, two interlobate air can be discharged from the gap between high-velocity flow, and the current that need after the work done to discharge in advance can be discharged smoothly and in time from the position that the water surface is positioned at this gap that goes out of adjacent blades thereafter.When a large amount of current during from the going out the water surface and discharge of blade, this blade has turned to the angular orientation of no high-velocity flow.The blade of interlaced arrangement can effectively avoid runner to vibrate in the running.

When still needing to open behind the adjusting flashboard standard-sized sheet of this water turbine, the valve opening that installs in another water turbine main pipe road that then will be connected with this water turbine, the adjusting flashboard with this water turbine is adjusted to corresponding aperture simultaneously.When the adjusting brake shoe of this water turbine closes to minimum position and still needs to close, then close the valve in another water turbine conduit pipe, then the adjusting brake shoe with this water turbine is adjusted to suitable aperture.When this unit need change the water flow that enters runner, then by speed regulator by servomotor with the water conservancy diversion regulator plate of two water turbine push-and-pull simultaneously certain distance.When this unit needs emergency shutdown, shut down after then high-velocity flow all being imported tailrace by the water conservancy diversion regulator plate.

Figure 24 and 25 shows the 5th embodiment of the present invention.The back be in transmission connection successively by generator operation of the common drive of speed increaser by six identical in structure all-purpose hydroturbines in this embodiment.

Shown in Figure 24 and 25: be provided with the rectangle that is communicated with bay 41 and ocean 40 in sea wall 45 bottoms and cross water flow passage 57, in crossing the lock groove 29 that water flow passage 57 two ends are provided with respectively device have inlet gate 20 and 20 '.The intermediate portion of pier 44 is a hoist shaft 48 in sea wall 45 and the sea wall.In the sea wall bottom of pier 44 be provided be communicated with ocean 40 and bay 41 show the stream pipe, show that flow duct facility has current indicator.On main shaft 8, be set with length and the suitable runner of width of crossing water flow passage 57, be respectively installed with two end caps 43 on the main shaft 8 at runner two ends, offer two corresponding mutually ring lock grooves 52 on the end cap 43 respectively, in the ring lock groove 52 devices have two identical arc surfaceds of shape regulate flashboards 51 and 51 ', the lower end of regulating flashboard 51 and adjusting flashboard 51 ' the top both side ends be provided with respectively the arc filling block 53 and 53 that places in the ring lock groove 52 '.43 of the end caps that 40 1 sides are positioned at the runner top in the ocean are hinged with arc flap gate 49 on an empty stomach; 43 of the end caps that 41 1 sides are positioned at the runner intermediate portion in the bay be hinged with arc on an empty stomach flap gate 49 '.Between the outside of main shaft 8 and end cap 43 respectively device have Sealing 28 '.After parts such as main shaft 8 and end cap 43 were hung in water flow passage 57 by hoist shaft 48 integral body simultaneously, the both sides and the bottom margin of two end cap 43 was packed in respectively in the side wall of water flow passage 57; The two ends of main shaft 8 are placed respectively in the bearing 15, and at the top arrangement top cover 47 of crossing water flow passage 57.The main shaft of the all-purpose hydroturbine that the two ends of main shaft 8 are adjacent by coupling 18 or be in transmission connection with the input shaft of speed increaser.Arc surfaced regulate flashboard 51 and 51 ' two ends be connected with stainless wire rope 46 respectively, and offer wire rope track 58.The other end of wire rope 46 is by behind the Sealing 28 of steel wire rope groove 55, pulley 54 and top cover 47 top arrangement, with the hydraulic relay device 27 and 27 of device in hoist shaft 48 ' be connected.Servomotor 27 and 27 ' transport pipe be connected with hydrodynamic governor after by selector valve.Cross water flow passage 57 be positioned at the both sides, runner top of bay 41 1 sides and be positioned at the side wall of runner two bottom sides of ocean 40 1 sides and end cap 43 on be respectively arranged with drainage piece 59 and 59 '.Thereby the lower surface that makes arc surfaced regulate flashboard 51, drainage piece 59 and mistake water flow passage 57 has constituted rectangular jet mouth 2; Arc surfaced regulate flashboard 51 ', drainage piece 59 ' and the bottom surface of top cover 47 constituted rectangular jet mouth 2 ', and be provided with wearing plate, facing plate 56 in the bottom surface of rectangular jet mouth 2.The runner of suit is evenly installed by circumferencial direction at runner boss 37 outer round surface by runner boss 37 and 12 on main shaft 8, shape of cross section is that the opposite blade of two groups of Hand of spiral that the spiral vane 9 of groove shaped is formed is formed, and evenly is fixed with strut 42 between spiral vane 9 respectively; In the groove of blade 9, evenly be fixed with auxiliary blade 16 respectively.

Because seawater is fluctuation regularly under the effect of the moon and solar gravitation.Therefore when high tide, ocean water level is than bay water level height, and the seawater in the ocean will be crossed water flow passage by rectangle and flow into the bay.At this moment, enter the current of rectangular jet mouth 2 along the solid arrow direction,, and directly impact its corresponding runner bucket water entering surface because the work of pressure penetrates in order to higher speed, the kinetic energy of current is passed to runner, and runner is by main shaft and coupling and the rotation of speed increaser drive generator.The high-velocity flow that enters runner bucket is released runner with adjacent two interlobate current from the position of no high-velocity flow, and makes it flow to the bay after flap gate 49 ' jack-up on an empty stomach.When seawater at ebb tide, the water table ratio ocean water level height in bay accumulates in seawater in the bay and will cross water flow passage by rectangle and flow into the ocean.At this moment, owing to stopped flowing by the current of the empty stomach flap gate 49 ' below of current jack-up, gate 49 ' immediately by the deadweight whereabouts, and in the bay, close this runner fully under the pressure of seawater.Simultaneously, owing to show the change of flow direction in the stream pipe, make current indicator send signal, and make its conversion work state to selector valve.After the conversion of the working state of selector valve, with servomotor 27 ' in pressure oil all be discharged into oil sump tank, and the pressure oil circuit of servomotor 27 is connected with the output circuit of hydrodynamic governor.At this moment, servomotor 27 ' piston fall fully, make arc surfaced regulate flashboard 51 by its deadweight, in ring lock groove, fall back to the bottom, jet orifice 2 is closed fully.Arc surfaced regulator 51 ' then by servomotor 27 its aperture is adjusted to corresponding position as required by hydrodynamic governor.Thereby make current along the direction of dotted arrow indication among the figure enter jet orifice 2 ', begin to impact the water entering surface of runner upper blade, and make runner continue rotation by original direction.The current that kinetic energy passes to behind the runner are released runner with adjacent two interlobate current from the position of no high-velocity flow, and make it flow to the ocean after flap gate 49 jack-up on an empty stomach.

When seawater once more at the incoming tide, on an empty stomach the current of flap gate 49 belows stop to flow out, gate 49 is immediately by the deadweight whereabouts, and closes this runner fully under the pressure of seawater in the ocean.Simultaneously, owing to show the change of flow direction in the stream pipe, make current indicator send signal, and make selector valve that its working state is converted to reset condition to selector valve.At this moment, after by selector valve the pressure oil circuit of servomotor 27 being connected, flashboard 51 ' the be promoted to position of closing fully will be regulated.Servomotor 27 ' the pressure oil circuit by selector valve with after the output circuit of hydrodynamic governor is connected, the aperture that will regulate flashboard 51 as required is adjusted to corresponding position.Thereby current are started working again by the direction of solid arrow indication among the figure.

When this all-purpose hydroturbine need be shut down, then can by servomotor in running order adjusting flashboard cut out the back and shut down by speed regulator, also can close inlet gate 20 or inlet gate 20 ' back rapidly and shut down.When water turbine need overhaul, then close simultaneously inlet gate 20 and inlet gate 20 ', and extract out and to overhaul after rectangle is crossed the ponding in the water flow passage and opened top cover.

In this embodiment, the arc filling block can make high-velocity flow level and smooth pass through ring lock groove; On an empty stomach flap gate can in time stop the pressure of seawater to directly act on the going out the water surface of runner bucket and influence the running of runner, and can be according to the working condition opening and closing voluntarily of jet orifice.Jet orifice 2 and jet orifice 2 ' make all-purpose hydroturbine runner, rising tide and equal at ebb tide can the running by same direction, and the assembling of this jet orifice and runner cylindrical zero distance, can make the high-velocity flow that penetrates from jet orifice under the situation that not disturbed by seawater, directly impact runner bucket.Because arc empty stomach flap gate and arc surfaced are regulated the cylindrical housing of flashboard composition and are enclosed in the runner periphery, seawater and runner are isolated to greatest extent, thereby alleviated the resistance when runner bucket turns round greatly in water, and when current are discharged from the position of no high-velocity flow, make blade not produce tangible centrifugal pump effect because of its rotating speed is low.Therefore have simple in structure, capacity reaches the all-purpose hydroturbine of advantages such as civilwork engineering quantity is few greatly, exploitation has does not need to take land, apart from the tidal energy resources of coastal load customer center apart from advantages such as near and no low water phenomenons, still can give full play to its all special advantages.

Claims

1. all-purpose hydroturbine, comprise flume, regulate flashboard, transmission part, main shaft and bearing thereof, coupling, speed regulator, power plant and tailrace, and comprise wheel hub or wheel disc, it is characterized in that: affixed one or several devices have adjusting brake shoe that is in transmission connection with speed regulator or power plant or the jet orifice of regulating flashboard in the waterexit end of flume, device one or several all-purpose hydroturbine runners on main shaft, and make the water entering surface of its corresponding runner bucket of jet orifice corresponding, below all runners, be provided with tailrace, one end of main shaft is connected by the spindle of machineries such as coupling or other transmission part and generator, and the other end of main shaft can also be connected with the spindle of an other all-purpose hydroturbine or is in transmission connection successively with the main shaft of several all-purpose hydroturbines by coupling or other transmission part.

2. all-purpose hydroturbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the jet orifice that jet orifice can mainly be made up of at the adjusting brake shoe at this water outlet outlet position water outlet and device.

3. all-purpose hydroturbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: jet orifice also can mainly be regulated the jet orifice that flashboard is formed by water outlet and device at the plane shape or the arc surfaced of this water outlet exit surface.

4. all-purpose hydroturbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the jet orifice that jet orifice can also mainly be made up of water outlet and the adjusting brake shoe of device in this water outlet.

5. all-purpose hydroturbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: jet orifice can also be mainly be contained in the jet orifice that the adjusting flashboard of this water outlet outlet end is formed by water outlet and hinge.

6. all-purpose hydroturbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: with runner that jet orifice is connected in device gate or valve are arranged, when perhaps device has the water conservancy diversion regulator plate that is in transmission connection with speed regulator or power plant between jet orifice and the runner, this jet orifice can not install to be regulated brake shoe or regulates flashboard, and it directly is set to jet orifice.

7. all-purpose hydroturbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the all-purpose hydroturbine runner mainly is the spiral vane of groove shaped or is made up of by the blade of axial direction arrangement a group of docking successively that the spiral blade that forms forms of the blade that the number section surfaces are shaped as groove shaped or array by wheel hub or wheel disc with in several surface configurations that its outer round surface evenly is provided with by circumferencial direction.

8. all-purpose hydroturbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the all-purpose hydroturbine runner can also be mainly be provided with by wheel hub or wheel disc with at its outer round surface, the blade of the surface configuration toroidal cavity that to be or several arrange along axial direction or be that the blade of groove shaped is arranged in order or docks of forming by circumferencial direction or several circular blades of arranging along axial direction are formed by several surface configurations.

9. all-purpose hydroturbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the all-purpose hydroturbine runner can also be mainly is that the blade that a group of forming of smooth groove shaped blade or array are arranged along axial direction is formed by wheel hub or wheel disc with in several surface configurations that its outer round surface evenly is provided with by circumferencial direction, is that smooth groove shaped blade is formed by several surface configurations by the even setting of circumferencial direction between wheel disc and two wheel discs mainly perhaps.

10. according to claim 7,8 or 9 described all-purpose hydroturbines, its feature also is: can also install auxiliary blade or supporting element in the groove of blade, between blade and the blade or in the end of blade.