CN111454132A - Method for synthesizing eugenol - Google Patents
Method for synthesizing eugenol Download PDFInfo
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- CN111454132A CN111454132A CN202010241608.9A CN202010241608A CN111454132A CN 111454132 A CN111454132 A CN 111454132A CN 202010241608 A CN202010241608 A CN 202010241608A CN 111454132 A CN111454132 A CN 111454132A
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- eugenol
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- RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N eugenol Chemical compound COC1=CC(CC=C)=CC=C1O RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- NPBVQXIMTZKSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chavibetol Natural products COC1=CC=C(CC=C)C=C1O NPBVQXIMTZKSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000005770 Eugenol Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- UVMRYBDEERADNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pseudoeugenol Natural products COC1=CC(C(C)=C)=CC=C1O UVMRYBDEERADNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229960002217 eugenol Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N guaiacol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1O LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229960001867 guaiacol Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- -1 alkyl halide alkyl ether Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- FVZQMMMRFNURSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1O FVZQMMMRFNURSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- CYSFUFRXDOAOMP-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;prop-1-ene;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[CH2-]C=C CYSFUFRXDOAOMP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OBQPKGCVMCIETH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-(1-chloroethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)OC(C)Cl OBQPKGCVMCIETH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PKUIMEDORBCCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1-(2-chlorobutoxy)butane Chemical compound CCC(Cl)COCC(Cl)CC PKUIMEDORBCCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JAMFGQBENKSWOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo(methoxy)methane Chemical compound COCBr JAMFGQBENKSWOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DQEUYIQDSMINEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;prop-1-ene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH2-]C=C DQEUYIQDSMINEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GRFZLHMBAJDCQF-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;prop-1-ene;iodide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[I-].[CH2-]C=C GRFZLHMBAJDCQF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC=C OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 12
- SJYSNIKJTONARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-6-methoxy-1-(methoxymethyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol Chemical compound ClC1=CC(C(C=C1)(O)COC)OC SJYSNIKJTONARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005821 Claisen rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 3
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000016639 Syzygium aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- OMNGOGILVBLKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1O.COC1=CC=CC=C1O OMNGOGILVBLKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061408 Eugenia caryophyllata Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003747 Grignard reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000219926 Myrtaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000223014 Syzygium aromaticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
- C07C41/18—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds
- C07C41/26—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by introduction of hydroxy or O-metal groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
- C07C41/18—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds
- C07C41/22—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by introduction of halogens; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C41/48—Preparation of compounds having groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A method for synthesizing eugenol, comprising the steps of: firstly, dissolving guaiacol, lithium chloride and catalytic amount of copper chloride in glacial acetic acid, and bubbling and introducing oxygen for reaction to obtain 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol; then reacting the 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol with alkyl halide alkyl ether in the presence of alkali to obtain 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-alkoxy alkylphenol; reacting 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-alkoxy alkylphenol with allyl magnesium halide in an ether solution to obtain 4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-alkoxy alkylphenol; and finally, reacting the 4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-alkoxy alkylphenol with p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate in an organic solvent, and performing high-vacuum distillation on the residue obtained after the organic solvent is removed to obtain the eugenol product. The invention successfully solves the problems that the traditional method of directly reacting guaiacol with 3-chloropropene easily generates an ortho-isomer which is difficult to separate and the yield of a para-product eugenol is low, not only improves the quality of the eugenol product, but also improves the yield of the eugenol to more than 70 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of eugenol synthesis, and particularly designs a method for synthesizing eugenol.
Background
Eugenol, also known as 4-allylguaiacol, is a colorless or pale yellow liquid, has strong clove fragrance, and is insoluble in water. The product is mainly used for resisting bacteria and reducing blood pressure, can also be used in perfume essence, various cosmetic essence and soap essence formulas, and can also be used for blending edible essence. The structural formula is shown as the following formula:
the natural eugenol is mainly prepared from dried flower bud of Eugenia caryophyllata of Myrtaceae by extracting and distilling. The chemical synthesis of eugenol basically takes guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) as a raw material to react. The claisen rearrangement reaction is a common method for synthesizing eugenol from guaiacol, and the chemical equation is as follows:
the method has low yield of eugenol which is a para-product and is not more than 50% although ortho-position is easier to react, and the boiling point of ortho-position isomer by-products is very close to that of eugenol, so that the eugenol product quality is greatly influenced, the publication No. CN105294409B discloses a method for synthesizing eugenol by calcining compounds such as copper salt and cobalt salt into a solid catalyst (TH L D) to catalyze the claisen rearrangement reaction, the method still generates ortho-position isomer by-products, the catalyst preparation process is complex, the production cost is increased, the use of cobalt salt and copper salt increases pollution, Giguere et al adopts microwave heating to carry out the claisen rearrangement reaction so as to improve the selectivity of eugenol to 87% (Tetrahedron L et, vol.27, 4945-48), but also generates ortho-position isomers which are difficult to separate, and microwave heating realizes large-scale industrial production, and other methods for improving the claisen rearrangement reaction need catalysts (synthesized Synthesis, 618, 18, 35, 344, and 35, 344, 150, 18, 24.
Patent US4048236 discloses a process for the production of eugenol by direct coupling of guaiacol with allyl chloride using copper chloride as catalyst. In the method, the yield of the eugenol is only about 30 percent, and the use of copper salt makes the wastewater treatment very difficult and causes great pollution; the process disclosed in patent WO2015/15445 is modified by adding a compound such as sodium iodide in an amount 1.2 times the amount of guaiacol. The improved eugenol yield is improved to about 50 percent, but the production cost is greatly increased, and about 10 percent of ortho-isomer byproducts still exist in the eugenol product obtained by high vacuum distillation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for synthesizing eugenol, which takes guaiacol and allyl chloride as main raw materials, has no ortho-position rearrangement products, low cost and little pollution.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for synthesizing eugenol comprises the following specific synthetic route:
the synthesis method of the eugenol comprises the following specific steps:
(1) dissolving guaiacol, lithium chloride and a catalytic amount of copper chloride in glacial acetic acid, bubbling and introducing oxygen, stopping the reaction until the guaiacol is completely converted, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the glacial acetic acid, adding water into the residue, extracting with an organic solvent, separating an organic layer, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtering, and distilling under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent to obtain a product, namely 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol;
(2) adding 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol and alkali into an organic solvent, dropwise adding alkyl halide alkyl ether, reacting at room temperature until the product is not increased any more, adding water, layering, extracting a water layer by using the same solvent during the reaction, drying an organic layer by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtering, and removing the solvent to obtain a product, namely 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-alkoxy alkylphenol;
(3) 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-alkoxy alkylphenol is dripped into the ether solution of allyl magnesium halide to react until the raw material completely disappears; adding ammonium chloride aqueous solution to destroy the Grignard reagent, distilling the obtained mixture under reduced pressure to remove ether, extracting the water layer with ethyl acetate, combining ethyl acetate layers, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtering, distilling under reduced pressure to remove ethyl acetate to obtain a product 4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-alkoxy alkylphenol;
(4) dissolving 4-allyl-2-methoxyl-1-alkoxy alkylphenol and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate in an organic solvent, stirring at room temperature until the raw materials completely react, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent, and distilling the residue under high vacuum to obtain the eugenol product.
In the step (1) of the invention, the oxygen gas is introduced at a rate of 6-10 ml/min.
The temperature of the reaction in the step (1) of the invention is 50-80 ℃.
The organic solvent in step (1) of the present invention may be one of toluene, benzene, dichloromethane, dichloroethane and ethyl acetate.
Guaiacol in step (1) of the present invention: lithium chloride: 1-copper chloride: 1.5-2.0: 0.1-0.15 (molar ratio), guaiacol: organic solvent ═ 1: 4-10 (weight: volume ratio, g: ml).
The base in step (2) of the present invention may be one of triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and sodium hydride.
The organic solvent in step (2) of the present invention may be one of dichloromethane, dichloroethane, toluene, N-dimethylformamide, and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
The alkyl haloalkyl ether in step (2) of the present invention may be methyl chloromethyl ether, ethyl-2-chloroethyl ether, and methyl bromomethyl ether.
4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol in step (2): alkyl haloalkyl ethers: base 1: 1.0-2.0: 1.2 to 2.2 (molar ratio).
The allyl magnesium halide in the step (3) of the present invention may be allyl magnesium chloride, allyl magnesium bromide and allyl magnesium iodide.
The ether in step (3) of the present invention may be diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran and dioxane.
The temperature of the reaction in the step (3) of the invention is 20-60 ℃.
4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-alkoxyalkyl phenol in step (3): allyl magnesium halide ═ 1: 1.2 to 1.8 (molar ratio).
The organic solvent in step (4) of the present invention may be toluene, benzene, dichloromethane, dichloroethane or tetrahydrofuran.
4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-alkoxyalkyl phenol in step (4): p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate ═ 1: 1.2 to 2.0 (molar ratio).
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the invention avoids the defects that the ortho-position is easier to react and the yield of the para-position product eugenol is lower than 50 percent because the traditional method of directly reacting guaiacol with 3-chloropropene is adopted; according to the invention, the guaiacol is creatively used as a raw material to carry out chlorination reaction on the para position of the guaiacol hydroxyl, and the effect of only para-position chlorination is realized by reasonably matching lithium chloride and catalytic amount of copper chloride dissolved in glacial acetic acid; then protecting phenolic hydroxyl with alkyl halide alkyl ether, then carrying out Grignard reaction, and finally carrying out deprotection under an acidic condition to prepare eugenol, thereby successfully avoiding the defects of the prior art.
2. The method disclosed by the invention is mild in reaction conditions, and avoids the generation of eugenol ortho-isomer in the disclosed method, so that the production cost is reduced, the product quality is improved, the yield of the final target product is improved, the yield is over 70%, and the yield is obviously improved compared with the yield in the prior art.
3. According to the method, 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol is obtained in the first step, so that the generation of ortho-position isomers is avoided, the classification of byproducts is not needed, and the method is also beneficial to large-scale industrial production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to only the following examples.
Example 1
1. In a 200ml round bottom flask were added guaiacol 12.40 g (0.10mol), lithium chloride 8.48 g (0.20mol), copper chloride 2.02 g (0.015mol) and glacial acetic acid 60ml, oxygen was bubbled at 10 ml/min while stirring at 50 ℃, gas chromatography detected, heating was stopped after guaiacol had completely reacted, glacial acetic acid was distilled off under reduced pressure, 50ml of water was added to the residue, and the aqueous layer was extracted three times with toluene, 50ml volume each time. The toluene layers were combined and toluene was removed by distillation under the reduced pressure to obtain 15.23 g (0.096mol) of 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol in a yield of 96%.
2. In a 200ml round bottom flask were charged 15.86 g (0.10mol) of 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol, 15.18 g (0.15mol) of triethylamine and 80ml of dichloromethane, and 12.08 g (0.15mol) of methyl chloromethyl ether was added dropwise. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours, then 100ml of water was added to the reaction mixture, the dichloromethane layer was separated, the aqueous layer was extracted once with dichloromethane, the dichloromethane layers were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the dichloromethane was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 19.85 g of 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-methoxymethylphenol with a yield of 98%.
Wherein, 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-methoxymethylphenol GC-MS: m/z: 202 (M)+)，172(M-OCH3)+，79(C6H7)+，45(-CH2OCH3)+；1H NMR(CDCl3)：3.52(s，-OCH3，3H)，3.87(s，-OCH33H, anisole), 5.20(s, -OCH)2O-，2H)，6.87(d，JHH10Hz, 1H, benzene ring), 6.88(s, 1H, benzene ring), 7.08(d, J)HH10Hz, 1H, benzene ring);13C NMR(CDCl3)： 150.36(s)，145.21(s)，127.34(s)，120.48(s)，117.27(s)，112.43(s)，95.65 (s)，56.24(s)，56.04(s)ppm.
3. 100ml of a 1.0mol/l allyl magnesium chloride tetrahydrofuran solution was charged into a 250ml round-bottomed flask, 16.21 g (0.08mol) of 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-methoxymethylphenol was added dropwise thereto, and after completion of the addition, the reaction was carried out at 40 ℃ for 6 hours, then 100ml of a 10% ammonium chloride solution was carefully added to the reaction mixture, a part of the tetrahydrofuran was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the remaining solution was extracted three times with 100ml of ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layers were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and ethyl acetate was removed by distillation under the reduced pressure to give 15 g (0.072mol) in 90% yield.
4. 20.83 g (0.1mol) of 4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-methoxymethylphenol, 22.82 g (0.12mol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and 100ml of toluene were charged into a 200ml round-bottomed flask, and the mixture was stirred to react, T L C detected that the starting material point disappeared to stop the reaction, toluene was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was distilled under high vacuum to obtain 15.60 g (0.095mol) of eugenol as a product with a yield of 95%.
Example 2
1. In a 200ml round bottom flask were added guaiacol 12.40 g (0.10mol), lithium chloride 6.36 g (0.15mol), copper chloride 1.35 g (0.01mol) and glacial acetic acid 60ml, oxygen was bubbled at 6 ml/min while stirring the reaction at 60 ℃, gas chromatography detected, heating was stopped after guaiacol had completely reacted, glacial acetic acid was distilled off under reduced pressure, 50ml of water was added to the residue, and the aqueous layer was extracted three times with dichloromethane 50ml volumes each. The dichloromethane layers were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the dichloromethane was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 14.59 g (0.092mol) of 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol in 92% yield.
2. In a 200ml round bottom flask were charged 15.86 g (0.10mol) of 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol, 0.16mol of ethyldiisopropylamine and 80ml of dichloroethane, and 0.16mol of ethyl-2-chloroethyl ether was added dropwise. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 13 hours, and then 120ml of water was added to the reaction mixture to separate an ethylene dichloride layer, and the aqueous layer was extracted once with ethylene dichloride, and the ethylene dichloride layer was combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and distilled under reduced pressure to remove ethylene dichloride, whereby 19.75 g of 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-methoxymethylphenol was obtained with a yield of 97.5%.
Wherein, 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-methoxymethylphenol GC-MS: m/z: 202 (M)+)，172(M-OCH3)+，79(C6H7)+，45(-CH2OCH3)+；1H NMR(CDCl3)：3.52(s，-OCH3，3H)， 3.87(s，-OCH33H, anisole), 5.20(s, -OCH)2O-，2H)，6.87(d，JHH10Hz, 1H, benzene ring), 6.88(s, 1H, benzene ring), 7.08(d, J)HH10Hz, 1H, benzene ring);13C NMR(CDCl3)： 150.36(s)，145.21(s)，127.34(s)，120.48(s)，117.27(s)，112.43(s)，95.65 (s)，56.24(s)，56.04(s)ppm.
3. in a 250ml round bottom flask, 120ml of a 1.0mol/l allyl magnesium bromide methyltetrahydrofuran solution was charged, 18.24 g (0.09mol) of 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-methoxymethylphenol was added dropwise, and after completion of the addition, the reaction was carried out at 45 ℃ for 6.5 hours, then 120ml of a 10% ammonium chloride solution was carefully added to the reaction mixture, part of the methyltetrahydrofuran was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the remaining solution was extracted three times with 120ml of ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layers were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and ethyl acetate was removed by distillation under the reduced pressure to give 15.2 g (0.073mol) in 91% yield.
4. In a 200ml round bottom flask were charged 20.83 g (0.1mol) of 4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-methoxymethylphenol, 24.72 g (0.13mol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and 120ml of methylene chloride, and the reaction was stirred, and stopped by detecting disappearance of the starting material point by T L C, methylene chloride was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was distilled under high vacuum to give 15.68 g (0.095mol) of eugenol as a product with a yield of 95.5%.
Example 3
1. In a 200ml round bottom flask were added guaiacol 12.40 g (0.10mol), lithium chloride 5.09 g (0.12mol), copper chloride 1.61 g (0.012mol) and glacial acetic acid 60ml, oxygen was bubbled at 8 ml/min while stirring at 60 ℃, gas chromatography detected that heating was stopped after guaiacol had completely reacted, glacial acetic acid was distilled off under reduced pressure, 50ml of water was added to the residue, and the aqueous layer was extracted three times with ethyl acetate, 50ml volume each time. The ethyl acetate layers were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the ethyl acetate was distilled off under reduced pressure to give 14.75 g (0.093mol) of 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol in 93% yield.
2. Into a 200ml round bottom flask were charged 15.86 g (0.10mol) of 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol, 0.14mol of potassium carbonate and 75ml of toluene, and 0.14mol of methyl bromomethyl ether was added dropwise. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 11.5 hours, 95ml of water was then added to the reaction mixture to separate a toluene layer, the aqueous layer was extracted once with toluene, the toluene layer was combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and distilled under reduced pressure to remove toluene, whereby 19.65 g of 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-methoxymethylphenol was obtained with a yield of 97%.
Wherein, 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-methoxymethylphenol GC-MS: m/z: 202 (M)+)，172(M-OCH3)+，79(C6H7)+，45(-CH2OCH3)+；1H NMR(CDCl3)：3.52(s，-OCH3，3H)， 3.87(s，-OCH33H, anisole), 5.20(s, -OCH)2O-，2H)，6.87(d，JHH10Hz, 1H, benzene ring), 6.88(s, 1H, benzene ring), 7.08(d, J)HH10Hz, 1H, benzene ring);13C NMR(CDCl3)： 150.36(s)，145.21(s)，127.34(s)，120.48(s)，117.27(s)，112.43(s)，95.65 (s)，56.24(s)，56.04(s)ppm.
3. 95ml of a 1.0mol/l allyl magnesium chloride dioxane solution was charged into a 250ml round bottom flask, 0.07mol of 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-methoxymethylphenol was added dropwise thereto, and after completion of the addition, the reaction was carried out at 42 ℃ for 5.5 hours, 95ml of a 10% ammonium chloride solution was carefully added to the reaction mixture, part of dioxane was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the remaining solution was extracted three times with 100ml of ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layers were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the ethyl acetate was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 14.8 g (0.071mol) in 89% yield.
4. 20.83 g (0.1mol) of 4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-methoxymethylphenol, 0.11mol of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and 95ml of tetrahydrofuran were charged into a 200ml round-bottomed flask, and the mixture was stirred to react, T L C detected that the starting material point disappeared to stop the reaction, tetrahydrofuran was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was distilled under high vacuum to obtain 15.44 g (0.094mol) of eugenol as a product with a yield of 94%.
The yield, the mass and the mole number of various raw materials and intermediate products are rounded, and the method is a conventional calculation mode in the industry.
From the above examples, the method of the present invention has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, avoidance of eugenol ortho-isomer, reduction of production cost, and improvement of product quality and product yield.
Claims (10)
1. A method for synthesizing eugenol is characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific synthetic route of the method is as follows:
2. the method of synthesizing eugenol as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the synthesis method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) dissolving guaiacol, lithium chloride and a catalytic amount of copper chloride in glacial acetic acid, bubbling and introducing oxygen, stopping the reaction until the guaiacol is completely converted, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the glacial acetic acid, adding water into the residue, extracting with an organic solvent, separating an organic layer, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtering, and distilling under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent to obtain a product, namely 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol;
(2) adding 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol and alkali into an organic solvent, dropwise adding alkyl halide alkyl ether, reacting at room temperature until the product is not increased any more, adding water, layering, extracting a water layer by using the same solvent during the reaction, drying an organic layer by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtering, and removing the solvent to obtain a product, namely 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-alkoxy alkylphenol;
(3) 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-alkoxy alkylphenol is dripped into the ether solution of allyl magnesium halide to react until the raw material completely disappears; adding ammonium chloride aqueous solution to destroy the Grignard reagent, distilling the obtained mixture under reduced pressure to remove ether, extracting the water layer with ethyl acetate, combining ethyl acetate layers, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtering, distilling under reduced pressure to remove ethyl acetate to obtain a product 4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-alkoxy alkylphenol;
(4) dissolving 4-allyl-2-methoxyl-1-alkoxy alkylphenol and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate in an organic solvent, stirring at room temperature until the raw materials completely react, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent, and distilling the residue under high vacuum to obtain the eugenol product.
3. The method of synthesizing eugenol as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (1), the organic solvent is one or more of toluene, benzene, dichloromethane, dichloroethane and ethyl acetate.
4. The method of synthesizing eugenol as claimed in claim 2, wherein: guaiacol in step (1): lithium chloride: the molar ratio of copper chloride is 1: 1.5-2.0: 0.1-0.15, guaiacol: weight of organic solvent: volume ratio is 1: 4 to 10.
5. The method of synthesizing eugenol as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the temperature of the reaction in the step (1) is 50-80 ℃; in the step (1), the oxygen gas is introduced at a speed of 6-10 ml/min.
6. The method of synthesizing eugenol as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the alkali in the step (2) is one or more of triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and sodium hydride; the organic solvent in the step (2) is one or more of dichloromethane, dichloroethane, toluene, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide; in the step (2), the alkyl halide alkyl ether is one or more of methyl chloromethyl ether, ethyl-2-chloroethyl ether and methyl bromomethyl ether.
7. The method of synthesizing eugenol as claimed in claim 2, wherein: 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol in step (2): alkyl haloalkyl ethers: molar ratio of base 1: 1.0-2.0: 1.2 to 2.2.
8. The method of synthesizing eugenol as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (3), the allyl magnesium halide is one or more of allyl magnesium chloride, allyl magnesium bromide and allyl magnesium iodide; in the step (3), the ether is one or more of diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran and dioxane; the temperature of the reaction in the step (3) is 20-60 ℃.
9. The method of synthesizing eugenol as claimed in claim 2, wherein: 4-chloro-2-methoxy-1-alkoxyalkyl phenol in step (3): molar ratio of allyl magnesium halide 1: 1.2 to 1.8.
10. The method of synthesizing eugenol as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (4), the organic solvent is one or more of toluene, benzene, dichloromethane, dichloroethane and tetrahydrofuran; 4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-alkoxyalkyl phenol in step (4): the molar ratio of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate is 1: 1.2 to 2.0.
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