CN111443417A - Liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixel electrodes - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixel electrodes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111443417A
CN111443417A CN202010291214.4A CN202010291214A CN111443417A CN 111443417 A CN111443417 A CN 111443417A CN 202010291214 A CN202010291214 A CN 202010291214A CN 111443417 A CN111443417 A CN 111443417A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
polarizing plate
liquid crystal
film
display device
crystal display
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Granted
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CN202010291214.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN111443417B (en
Inventor
藤田敦史
村田浩一
佐佐木靖
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Toyobo Co Ltd
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Toyobo Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes

Abstract

Providing: a liquid crystal display device in which the curl of a laminate comprising a polarizing plate/liquid crystal cell/polarizing plate in the liquid crystal display device can be controlled to a high degree. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell, a polarizing plate A attached to one surface of the liquid crystal cell, and a polarizing plate B attached to the other surface of the liquid crystal cell, wherein the polarizing plate A has the following structure: the polarizing plate B has a structure in which the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device, and a polyester film is laminated on at least one surface of the polarizing plate: absorption axis direction of polarizing plate and long side direction of liquid crystal display deviceA protective film laminated on at least one side of the polarizing plate in parallel, and a shrinkage force F in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device of the polyester filmfAnd a contraction force F in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device with the polarizing plate of the polarizing plate BpSatisfies the formula of 0.1 ≤ Ff/Fp≤2。

Description

Liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixel electrodes
The present application is a divisional application of an application having an application date of 2017, 03 and 24 months, an application number of 201780021586.1, and an invention name of "liquid crystal display device".
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device used for a display for a personal computer, a television, and the like.
Background
In order to reduce the weight of the liquid crystal display device, the glass substrate tends to be made thin, and conventional glass substrates of 0.7mm to 0.5mm or less, and further 0.3mm, etc. have been studied, and further thinning has been considered to be carried out. Since the glass substrate in the liquid crystal display device has an effect of suppressing curling due to thermal behavior of the polarizing plate, the curling suppressing effect is greatly reduced as the thickness of the glass substrate is reduced, and the problem of warping of the laminate formed of the polarizing plate/liquid crystal cell/polarizing plate existing in the liquid crystal display device becomes more apparent.
Conventionally, many studies have been made to suppress the curl of a laminate composed of a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal cell, and a polarizing plate, and for example, patent document 1 proposes the following: in the polarizing plates disposed on the visible side and the backlight side above and below the liquid crystal cell of the liquid crystal display device, the elastic modulus of each polarizing plate in the longitudinal direction is controlled, and the difference in the elastic modulus of the upper and lower polarizing plates is set in consideration of the difference in the environments in which the upper and lower polarizing plates are placed, thereby improving the warpage of the liquid crystal display device. In addition, patent document 2 focuses on the difference in shrinkage force between the absorption axis direction and the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate, and reduces the shrinkage force of the polarizing plate in the main shrinkage direction at high temperature or high temperature and high humidity, thereby improving the warpage of the display device.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2006-267503
Patent document 2: WO2014-204165
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
However, in patent documents 1 and 2, improvement studies are conducted by controlling the strain accompanying temperature change and the strain accompanying moisture absorption/release, and in the case of using a film having a low glass transition temperature such as a polyethylene terephthalate film, the influence of residual strain (heat shrinkage rate) originally possessed by the film is not considered.
That is, an object to be solved by the present invention is to provide: a liquid crystal display device in which the curl of a laminate comprising a polarizing plate/liquid crystal cell/polarizing plate in the liquid crystal display device can be controlled to a high degree.
Means for solving the problems
In a liquid crystal display device, a polarizing plate is generally laminated on one surface of a liquid crystal cell so that the transmission axis direction of a polarizing plate is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device, and a polarizing plate is laminated on the other surface so that the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device. As a result of intensive studies using various commercially available liquid crystal display devices, the present inventors have found that: the problem is inherent in that the liquid crystal panel becomes convex on the polarizer side where the polarizer transmission axis of the upper and lower polarizers disposed on the cross prism becomes the long side due to the influence of the asymmetric structure of the upper and lower polarizers in the liquid crystal panel.
Further, as a result of intensive studies, it has been found that the shrinkage force in the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate having the polarizer transmission axis as the long side can be controlled by the residual strain of the protective film, and the curl of the liquid crystal display device can be controlled by the shrinkage force.
Here, a method of measuring the shrinkage force of the polarizing plate will be described. In general, the shrink force of the film is as follows: the initial length is set at a low temperature at the start of the test under a very small load using TMA or the like, and the force in the contraction direction at elevated temperature is measured while the length of the initial length is kept constant. However, in the temperature raising process, shrinkage (hereinafter, abbreviated as thermal shrinkage) occurs due to recovery of the residual strain accompanying the conformational change of the polymer, and thermal expansion (hereinafter, abbreviated as thermal expansion) occurs due to increase in the free volume and the occupied volume of the polymer by raising the temperature, and therefore, in a temperature range near the glass transition temperature (for example, about Tg +50 ℃) of the polyester film, the relationship of thermal shrinkage < thermal expansion is often established, and therefore, the entire film expands, and the shrinkage force cannot be observed.
As a result of the investigation, even when no shrinkage force is generated during the temperature increase of TMA, the shrinkage force is generated during the cooling of TMA. This is because the strain due to thermal expansion is reversible, and therefore, returns to the original state after temperature rise and cooling, but is cooled in a small-sized state in accordance with the degree of thermal contraction that has contracted during the temperature rise, and therefore, thermal stress is generated during the cooling. That is, the strain of the thermal stress can be converted into the thermal shrinkage rate of the film, and the shrinkage force after cooling can be expressed by the following formula. The heat shrinkage rate in the present invention includes a change in moisture percentage during heat treatment.
Contractile force (N/m)
Film thickness (mm) × modulus of elasticity (N/mm)2) × heat shrinkage (%)/100 × 1000
Namely, the representative invention is as follows.
Item 1.
A liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal cell, a polarizing plate A attached to one surface of the liquid crystal cell, and a polarizing plate B attached to the other surface of the liquid crystal cell,
the polarizer A has the following structure: the polarizing plate has a transmission axis direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device, and a polyester film is laminated on at least one surface of the polarizing plate,
the polarizer B has the following structure: the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device, a protective film is laminated on at least one surface of the polarizing plate,
the foregoing poly(s)Shrinkage force F in the longitudinal direction of an ester film liquid crystal display devicefAnd a contraction force F in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device with the polarizing plate of the polarizing plate BpSatisfies the following formula (1).
Formula (1)0.1 ≤ Ff/Fp≤2
(wherein, the contraction force Ff(N/m) is the thickness (mm) × elastic modulus (N/mm) of the polyester film2) × Heat shrinkage (%)/100 × 1000, shrink force Fp(N/m) is the thickness (mm) × elastic modulus (N/mm) of the polarizing plate of polarizing plate B2) × Heat shrinkage (%)/100 × 1000.)
Item 2.
The liquid crystal display device according to item 1, wherein the polyester film has an elastic modulus in a longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device of 1000 to 9000N/mm2。
Item 3.
The liquid crystal display device according to item 1 or 2, wherein the polyester film has a heat shrinkage ratio in a longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device of 0.1 to 5%.
Item 4.
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1to 3, wherein the thickness of the polyester film is 40 to 200 μm.
Item 5.
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of items 1to 4, wherein an inclination angle of the orientation main axis of the polyester film with respect to a longitudinal direction or a short side direction of the liquid crystal display device is 15 degrees or less.
Item 6.
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1to 5, wherein an inclination angle of a main axis of shrinkage of the polyester film with respect to a longitudinal direction or a short-side direction of the liquid crystal display device is 15 degrees or less.
Item 7.
A liquid crystal panel comprising a liquid crystal cell, a polarizing plate A attached to one surface of the liquid crystal cell, and a polarizing plate B attached to the other surface of the liquid crystal cell,
the polarizer A has the following structure: the polarizing plate has a light transmission axis direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate A, a polyester film laminated on at least one surface of the polarizing plate,
the polarizer B has the following structure: the absorption axis direction of the polarizer is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate B, a protective film is laminated on at least one surface of the polarizer,
the shrinkage force F in the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate A of the polyester filmfAnd a shrinkage force F in the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate B having the polarizing platepSatisfies the following formula (1).
Formula (1)0.1 ≤ Ff/Fp≤2
(wherein, the contraction force Ff(N/m) is the thickness (mm) × elastic modulus (N/mm) of the polyester film2) × Heat shrinkage (%)/100 × 1000, shrink force Fp(N/m) is the thickness (mm) × elastic modulus (N/mm) of the polarizing plate of polarizing plate B2) × Heat shrinkage (%)/100 × 1000.)
Item 8.
The liquid crystal panel according to item 7, wherein the polyester film has an elastic modulus in the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate A of 1000 to 9000N/mm2。
Item 9.
The liquid crystal panel according to item 7 or 8, wherein the polyester film has a heat shrinkage ratio in the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate A of 0.1 to 5%.
Item 10.
The liquid crystal panel according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the thickness of the polyester film is 40 to 200 μm.
Item 11.
The liquid crystal panel according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein an inclination angle of the orientation main axis of the polyester film with respect to the longitudinal direction or the short side direction of the liquid crystal panel is 15 degrees or less.
Item 12.
The liquid crystal panel according to any one of items 1to 5, wherein an inclination angle of a shrinkage main axis of the polyester film with respect to a longitudinal direction or a short side direction of the liquid crystal panel is 15 degrees or less.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
The following liquid crystal display device may be provided: the curl of a laminate (liquid crystal panel) formed of a polarizing plate/liquid crystal cell/polarizing plate, which is generated under a high-temperature or high-temperature high-humidity environment, is reduced.
Detailed Description
A screen of a liquid crystal display device is generally rectangular and has long sides and short sides. In the present specification, the "longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device" means a direction parallel to the long side of the liquid crystal display device, and is the same as the "longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate a", "the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate B", "the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate included in the polarizing plate B", and "the longitudinal direction of the polyester film of the polarizing plate a". Therefore, in the present specification, the "longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device" may be referred to as "the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate a", "the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate B", "the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate included in the polarizing plate B", and "the longitudinal direction of the polyester film included in the polarizing plate a", instead. The "short side direction of the liquid crystal display device" means a direction parallel to the short side of the liquid crystal display device and a direction perpendicular to the long side direction.
The liquid crystal display device of the present invention at least comprises: a liquid crystal cell, a polarizing plate a attached to one surface of the liquid crystal cell, and a polarizing plate B attached to the other surface of the liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal cell and the polarizing plate may be generally attached via an adhesive layer. The liquid crystal display device may include a liquid crystal cell, a polarizing plate a, and a polarizing plate B, and may further include a constituent member used in a general liquid crystal display device such as a backlight. The liquid crystal cell has a structure in which 2 glass substrates sandwich liquid crystal. In one embodiment, the thickness of the glass substrate constituting the liquid crystal cell is preferably 0.7mm or less, 0.6mm or less, 0.5mm or less, 0.4mm or less, 0.3mm or less, or 0.25mm or less.
The polarizing plate a has the following structure: the transmission axis direction of the polarizer is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device (i.e., the transmission axis direction of the polarizer is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate a), and a polyester film (used as a polarizer protective film) is laminated on at least one surface of the polarizer. A protective film having a low retardation such as a TAC film, a cyclic olefin film, or an acrylic film, or an optical compensation film may be laminated on the surface of the polarizing plate opposite to the surface on which the polyester film is laminated. Here, the protective film having a low retardation may be, for example, a protective film having a retardation of 500nm or less, 400nm or less, 300nm or less, 200nm or less, 100nm or less, or 50nm or less. In addition, in the polarizing plate a, a polyester film is laminated only on one surface of the polarizer, and a protective film or an optical compensation film is not laminated on the other surface of the polarizer. The polyester film may be disposed on either (or both) of the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell located on the distal end side (outer side), but is preferably disposed on the liquid crystal cell located on the distal end side (outer side) of the polarizing plate.
The transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate is perfectly parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device, but is a concept that a small amount of variation is allowed. That is, the angle formed by the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate and the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device is preferably 7 degrees or less, preferably 5 degrees or less, preferably 3 degrees or less, preferably 2 degrees or less, preferably 1 degree or less, and most preferably 0 degree.
The polarizing plate B has the following structure: the absorption axis direction of the polarizer is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device (i.e., the same meaning as the absorption axis direction of the polarizer is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the polarizing plate B), and a protective film is laminated on at least one surface of the polarizer. A protective film having a low retardation such as a TAC film, a cyclic olefin film, or an acrylic film, or an optical compensation film may be stacked on the protective film. Here, the protective film having a low retardation may be, for example, a protective film having a retardation of 500nm or less, 400nm or less, 300nm or less, 200nm or less, 100nm or less, or 50nm or less. Further, a polyester film as a protective film may be laminated on the polarizing plate. When a polyester film is used, the liquid crystal cell laminated on the polarizing plate is preferably located on the distal end side.
The polarizing plate B may have the following structure: a polyester film is laminated on one surface of the polarizing plate, and the protective film and the optical compensation film are laminated on the other surface. In addition, in the polarizing plate B, a polyester film is laminated only on one surface of the polarizing plate, and a protective film or an optical compensation film is not laminated on the other surface of the polarizing plate.
The absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate is perfectly parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device, but a slight deviation is allowed. That is, the angle formed by the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate and the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device is preferably 7 degrees or less, preferably 5 degrees or less, preferably 3 degrees or less, preferably 2 degrees or less, preferably 1 degree or less, and most preferably 0 degree.
The polarizing plate a can be used for both a polarizing plate on the visible side and a polarizing plate on the backlight side depending on the liquid crystal cell, and is preferably arranged as a polarizing plate on the backlight side in general. The polarizing plate B can be used for both a polarizing plate on the viewing side and a polarizing plate on the backlight side, and is preferably arranged as a polarizing plate on the viewing side. That is, a liquid crystal display device including a backlight source, a polarizing plate a, a liquid crystal cell, and a polarizing plate B in this order is preferable. The liquid crystal display device may include other members therebetween.
In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, preferably 0.1. ltoreq. Ff/Fp≤2。Ff/FpThe lower limit of (b) is preferably 0.2, or 0.3. Ff/FpThe upper limit of (b) is preferably 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1.0, 0.9, 0.8 or 0.7. In one embodiment, preferably 0.1. ltoreq.Ff/Fp≤1.0、0.1≤Ff/Fp<1.0、0.1≤Ff/Fp≤0.9、0.1≤Ff/Fp≤0.8、0.2≤Ff/FpF is not more than 0.8 or not more than 0.3f/Fp≤0.7。
Here, FfThe shrinkage force in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device of the polyester film of the polarizing plate A was × elastic modulus (N/mm) in terms of the thickness (mm) of the polyester film2) × Heat shrinkage (%)/100 × 1000 definition FpThe shrinkage force in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device of the polarizing plate B, the elastic modulus (N/mm) × in terms of the thickness (mm) of the polarizing plate B2) × Heat shrinkage (%)/100 × 1000 definition shrink force FfAnd FpIn the formula (II) wherein the modulus of elasticity and heatThe shrinkage is a value in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device. The shrinkage force of the polarizing plate B is mainly exhibited by the polarizing plate, and varies depending on the thickness of the polarizing plate and film forming conditions. Therefore, it is desirable to adjust the shrinkage force of the polyester film used for the polarizing plate a.
The polyester film used in the polarizing plate A preferably has an elastic modulus in the longitudinal direction of 1000 to 9000N/mm2. The shrinkage force of the polyester film can be controlled by the elastic modulus, but in order to increase the elastic modulus in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device, it is necessary to highly align the polyester film in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device and to increase the crystallinity. Therefore, the modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal direction exceeds 9000N/mm2In the case of (2), since the problem of easy breakage is obvious, the upper limit is preferably 9000N/mm2More preferably 8000N/mm2More preferably 7000N/mm2. On the other hand, when the orientation is low and the crystallinity is low, the film is deformed due to roll unevenness resulting from thickness unevenness when wound on a roll, resulting in poor planarity. Thus, the lower limit of the elastic modulus is preferably 1000N/mm2More preferably 1500N/mm2Further preferably 1800N/mm2. The elastic modulus can be measured by the method used in examples described later.
The polyester film used for the polarizing plate A preferably has a thermal shrinkage of 0.1 to 5% in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device when heat-treated at 100 ℃ for 30 minutes. The lower limit of the heat shrinkage is preferably 0.3% or more, preferably 0.4% or more, preferably 0.5% or more, preferably 0.7% or more. The upper limit of the heat shrinkage is preferably 4% or less, preferably 3% or less, preferably 2% or less. When the heat shrinkage ratio is less than 0.1%, that is, in the range of 0.01 to 0.099%, it is difficult to control the heat shrinkage ratio without variation. When the heat shrinkage is higher than 5%, the crystallinity and the glass transition temperature must be further reduced as described later, and thus defects such as poor planarity become apparent. The heat shrinkage can be measured by the method used in the examples described below.
The polyester film used in the polarizing plate A is preferably 40 to 200 μm thick. When the thickness of the polyester film is less than 40 μm, the polyester film is easily broken, and poor flatness is easily caused due to insufficient rigidity. In addition, when the thickness is thin, the elastic modulus and the heat shrinkage rate in the longitudinal direction must be increased accordingly, but as described above, there is an upper limit in each parameter, and therefore, 40 μm is substantially a lower limit. When the film thickness exceeds 200 μm, variation in the modulus of elasticity and the heat shrinkage in the longitudinal direction increases accordingly, which makes it difficult to control the film and increases the cost. The thickness of the polyester film can be measured by the method used in examples described later.
The polyester film used in the polarizing plate a preferably has an inclination angle of 15 degrees or less between the orientation main axis of the polyester film and the longitudinal direction or the short-side direction of the liquid crystal display device. The stretched polyester film generally has anisotropy of elastic modulus in the film plane, but the anisotropy of elastic modulus of the stretched polyester film generally coincides with optical anisotropy. Therefore, the direction of high elastic modulus is close to the longitudinal direction or the short side direction of the liquid crystal display device by setting the inclination angle to the longitudinal direction or the short side direction of the liquid crystal display device to 15 degrees or less with respect to the orientation major axis determined from the optical anisotropy, and therefore, it is effective for suppressing the curl of the laminate formed of the polarizing plate/the liquid crystal cell/the polarizing plate, which is the object of the present invention. When the inclination angle between the alignment major axis and the longitudinal direction or the short side direction of the liquid crystal display device exceeds 15 degrees, the tendency to curl in the inclination direction becomes remarkable. The inclination angle is more preferably 10 degrees or less, 9 degrees or less, or 8 degrees or less. The orientation axis of the polyester film can be measured by the measurement method used in examples described later.
The polyester film used for the polarizing plate a preferably has an inclination angle of 15 degrees or less with respect to the major axis of shrinkage of the polyester film and the longitudinal direction or the short-side direction of the liquid crystal display device. Stretched polyester films generally have anisotropy in thermal shrinkage rate in the film plane, and have an inclination angle in the shrinkage principal axis. When the inclination angle of the contraction main axis with respect to the longitudinal direction or the short side direction is larger than 15 degrees, the tendency of curling in the inclination direction becomes conspicuous, which is not preferable. Therefore, the inclination angle of the shrinkage major axis of the polyester film used for the polarizing plate a to the longitudinal direction or the short side direction of the liquid crystal display device is preferably 15 degrees or less, more preferably 10 degrees or less, 9 degrees or less, or 8 degrees or less. The shrinkage principal axis can be measured according to the measurement method employed in the examples described later.
From the viewpoint of suppressing rainbow unevenness observed on the screen of a liquid crystal display device, the polyester film used in the polarizing plate a preferably has an in-plane retardation in a specific range. The lower limit of the in-plane retardation is preferably 3000nm or more, 5000nm or more, 6000nm or more, 7000nm or more, or 8000nm or more. The upper limit of the in-plane retardation is preferably 30000nm or less, more preferably 18000nm or less, and still more preferably 15000nm or less. When a polyester film is used as the protective film in the polarizing plate B, the polyester film preferably has an in-plane retardation in the above range.
The retardation of the polyester film can be determined by measuring the refractive index and thickness in the biaxial direction, or can be determined by using a commercially available automatic birefringence measurement apparatus such as KOBRA-21ADH (ojiscientific instruments co., L td.) the refractive index can be determined by using an abbe refractometer (measurement wavelength 589 nm).
In the case of the polyester film used for the polarizing plate a, the ratio (Re/Rth) of the in-plane retardation (Re) to the retardation (Rth) in the thickness direction is preferably 0.2 or more, preferably 0.3 or more, preferably 0.4 or more, preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, further preferably 0.6 or more, the larger the ratio (Re/Rth) of the in-plane retardation to the retardation in the thickness direction is, the more isotropy is exerted on the effect of birefringence, and the occurrence of rainbow-like color unevenness due to the observation angle tends to be difficult to occur, and in the case of a completely uniaxial (1-axis symmetry) film, the upper limit of the ratio (Re/Rth) of the retardation to the retardation in the thickness direction is preferably 2.0, the upper limit of Re/Rth is preferably 1.2 or less, and the thickness direction retardation means that the retardation is obtained by multiplying the average retardation (Re/Rth) of the polyester film obtained by the birefringence (△ Nxz, △ Nyz) when the film is observed from the thickness direction, and the retardation range of the polyester film is also described as the preferable in-plane retardation range of the retardation (Re/Rth).
The NZ coefficient of the polyester film used in the polarizing plate a is preferably 2.5 or less, more preferably 2.0 or less, further preferably 1.8 or less, and further preferably 1.6 or less, from the viewpoint of further suppressing iridescent unevenness. Further, in a completely uniaxial (one-axis symmetric) film, the NZ coefficient is 1.0, and therefore the lower limit of the NZ coefficient is 1.0. However, as the film approaches a perfect uniaxial (one-axis symmetric) film, the mechanical strength in the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction tends to be significantly reduced, and therefore, attention is required. When a polyester film is used as the protective film in the polarizing plate B, the NZ coefficient of the polyester film is preferably within the above range.
The NZ coefficient is represented by | Ny-Nz |/| Ny-Nx |, where Ny represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction of the polyester film, Nx represents the refractive index in the direction orthogonal to the slow axis (refractive index in the fast axis direction), and Nz represents the refractive index in the thickness direction the orientation axis of the film is found using a molecular orientation meter (OjiScientific instruments Co., L td., MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter), and the refractive indices of both axes (Ny, Nx, where Ny > Nx), in the direction of the orientation axis direction and in the direction orthogonal thereto, and the refractive index in the thickness direction (Nz)/, can be found by substituting such a value into Ny-Nz | -Nz | Nz coefficient using an Abbe refractometer (ATAGO CO., &ttttranslation & "Tt &" &/T & "&/gttt TD, NAR-4T, wavelength 589 nm).
In addition, from the viewpoint of further suppressing rainbow-like color unevenness, the value of Ny-Nx of the polyester film used for the polarizing plate a is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.07 or more, further preferably 0.08 or more, further preferably 0.09 or more, and most preferably 0.1 or more. The upper limit is not particularly limited, and in the case of a polyethylene terephthalate film, the upper limit is preferably about 1.5. When a polyester film is used as the protective film in the polarizing plate B, it is also preferable that Ny-Nx value of the polyester film is within the above range.
The polyester film used in the polarizing plate a may be obtained from any polyester resin. The kind of the polyester resin is not particularly limited, and any polyester resin obtained by condensing a dicarboxylic acid and a diol can be used. When a polyester film is used as the protective film in the polarizing plate B, the same applies to the polyester film.
Examples of the dicarboxylic acid component that can be used for producing the polyester resin include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 2, 5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2, 6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1, 4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1, 5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, diphenylcarboxylic acid, diphenoxyethanedicarboxylic acid, diphenylsulfonecarboxylic acid, anthracenedicarboxylic acid, 1, 3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, malonic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, succinic acid, 3-diethylsuccinic acid, glutaric acid, 2-dimethylglutaric acid, adipic acid, 2-methyladipic acid, trimethyladipic acid, pimelic acid, azelaic acid, dimer acid, sebacic acid, suberic acid, and mixtures thereof, Dodecanedicarboxylic acid, and the like.
Examples of the diol component that can be used for producing the polyester resin include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1, 2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol, decamethylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, and bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone.
The dicarboxylic acid component and the diol component constituting the polyester resin may be used in 1 kind or 2 kinds or more. Examples of suitable polyester resins constituting the polyester film include polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and the like, more preferably polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, and these may further contain other copolymerizable components. These resins are excellent in transparency and also excellent in thermal properties and mechanical properties. In particular, polyethylene terephthalate is a suitable material because it can achieve a high elastic modulus and can be easily controlled in thermal shrinkage.
When it is necessary to increase the heat shrinkage of the polyester film to a high degree, it is desirable to add a copolymerization component so that the crystallinity is moderately low. Further, since deformation at or below the glass transition temperature has a high ratio of elastic strain to permanent strain, it is generally difficult to highly increase the heat shrinkage. Therefore, it is also a preferable embodiment to introduce a component having a low glass transition temperature as necessary. Specifically, propylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, and the like.
(impartation of functional layer)
The polarizing plate a used in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is preferably integrated with the glass plate of the liquid crystal cell in a state where the heat shrinkage rate of the polyester film remains, and therefore, when functional layers such as an easy-adhesion layer, a hard coat layer, an antiglare layer, an antireflection layer, a low reflection layer, a low antireflection layer, an antireflection layer, and an antistatic layer are provided, preferred embodiments are performed by a method in which the drying temperature is set to be low, or the thermal history is small by UV irradiation, electron beam irradiation, and the like. In addition, in order to provide these functional layers in the film forming process of the polyester film, the polarizing plate a and the glass plate of the liquid crystal cell can be integrated without impairing the improved heat shrinkage rate, and therefore, this embodiment is more preferable.
(method for producing oriented polyester film)
The polyester film used in the present invention can be produced by a general method for producing a polyester film. For example, the following methods may be mentioned: the non-oriented polyester, which is formed by melting a polyester resin and extrusion molding into a sheet, is stretched in the longitudinal direction at a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature by the speed difference of rolls, and then stretched in the transverse direction by a tenter, and heat-treated. The film may be a uniaxially stretched film or a biaxially stretched film. MD is an abbreviation of machine direction, and may be referred to as a film transport direction, a longitudinal direction, or a longitudinal direction in the present specification. TD is an abbreviation for TransverseDirection, and may be referred to as a width direction or a transverse direction in the present specification.
The polyester film used as the polarizer protective film in the polarizing plate A is preferably adjusted to have a shrinkage force FfSo as to become 0.1Fp≤Ff≤2Fp。
(method of adjusting modulus of elasticity of polyester film)
In the case where the elastic modulus of the polyester film used as the polarizer protective film in the polarizing plate a is the same as the MD in the case of forming the polyester film, the elastic modulus of the MD can be adjusted by a conventionally known method of stretching the polyester film, and the elastic modulus of the TD can be adjusted by a conventionally known method of stretching the polyester film, in the case where the elastic modulus of the polyester film is the same as the TD in the case of forming the polyester film.
Specifically, when the direction is a stretching direction, the stretching magnification ratio may be set high, and when the direction is a direction orthogonal to the stretching direction, the stretching magnification ratio may be set low.
(method of adjusting Heat shrinkage of polyester film)
In the case where the heat shrinkage ratio of the polyester film used as the polarizer protective film in the polarizing plate a is equal to MD in the case of forming the polyester film, the heat shrinkage ratio of MD may be adjusted by a conventionally known method of stretching the polyester film, and the heat shrinkage ratio of TD may be adjusted by a conventionally known method of stretching the polyester film, in the case where the light transmission axis direction of the polarizer (i.e., the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device) is equal to TD in the case of forming the polyester film.
A method of adjusting the heat shrinkage rate of the polyester film in the MD, for example, a method of stretching the film in the MD by increasing the distance between a jig holding the widthwise end of the film and an adjacent jig in the cooling process after stretching and heat-fixing; the adjustment can be made by narrowing the jig interval to shrink it in the MD. In addition, in the case where the film is cut or separated from the jig holding the end in the film width direction during the cooling process after stretching and heat-fixing, the force for receiving the film is adjusted to stretch or shrink the film in the MD, thereby making it possible to perform adjustment. In the off-line step after film formation, when the temperature is raised for imparting a functional layer or the like, the heat shrinkage rate changes during the temperature-raising and cooling process, and therefore, the force for receiving the film may be adjusted to stretch or shrink the film in the MD.
A method of stretching a polyester film along the TD by increasing the distance between a jig for holding an end portion of the film in the width direction and a jig positioned on the opposite side to the width direction, for example, in the cooling process after stretching and heat-fixing, when adjusting the heat shrinkage rate of the TD; the adjustment can be made by making the reduction to shrink it along the TD.
In both cases of MD and TD, it is preferable to adjust the heat shrinkage in the target temperature range of the present invention.
(method of adjusting inclination angle of shrinkage principal axis of polyester film)
The tilt angle of the principal axis of shrinkage of the polyester film used as the polarizer protective film of the polarizing plate a can be adjusted in the cooling process after stretching and heat treatment by a tenter of the polyester film or in the off-line process after film formation, as disclosed in PCT/JP2014/073451(WO 2015/037527). Specifically, in the cooling step, shrinkage due to stretching that is not completely removed by heat fixation and thermal stress due to cooling occur, and the film is drawn into the upstream side or the downstream side due to the balance between the two in the film transport direction, and a phenomenon occurs in which the shrinkage main axis is inclined. In order to reduce the inclination angle of the shrinkage main axis, it is necessary to adjust the shrinkage force (the sum of the shrinkage force with stretching and the shrinkage force with cooling) in the film transport direction in the cooling step so as to be uniform. In order to make it uniform, it is desirable to shrink it in the film transport direction in a temperature region where the shrinkage force is high in the film transport direction; alternatively, the stretching is performed in the film conveying direction in a temperature region where the shrinking force is low in the film conveying direction. The method for shrinking or stretching may be a conventionally known method. In addition, when the film end portion is cut or separated, the film is freely shrunk in the width direction in a temperature range of the cut or separated film end portion or less, and a heat shrinkage rate in the temperature range or less is small, so that attention is required.
(method of adjusting inclination angle of orientation Main axis of polyester film)
The tilt angle of the orientation main axis of the polyester film used as the polarizer protective film in the polarizing plate a may be adjusted by a conventionally known method for stretching a polyester film as disclosed in japanese patent application 2014-11438 (japanese patent application 2015-136922) or japanese patent application 2012-552162(WO 2013/031511). In order to adjust the inclination angle of the orientation main axis, it is preferable to make the shrinkage force in the film transport direction uniform in the stretching/heat-setting section. In the stretching/heat-setting section using the tenter, since the shrinkage force is distributed in the film transport direction due to the residual stress of MD stretching and the poisson stress of TD stretching, and the drawing occurs upstream or downstream, an inclination angle (so-called bowing phenomenon) occurs in the orientation main axis. In order to make the shrinkage force in the film transport direction uniform, a conventionally known method can be used. Specifically, the stretching conditions required for satisfying the optical properties required for stretching the polyester-based polarizer protective film can be satisfied by considering the balance of the stretching ratios in MD and TD, the temperature rise conditions of the tenter size, and the shrinkage due to the decrease in the distance between the adjacent clips in stretching and thermosetting.
Examples
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples described below, and can be carried out by appropriately changing the examples within a range that can be adapted to the gist of the present invention, and these examples are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
(1) Force of contraction
The shrinkage force of the polarizer and the polyester film was calculated by the following formula. The film thickness, elastic modulus, and heat shrinkage ratio were measured values described below.
Contractile force (N/m)
Film thickness (mm) × modulus of elasticity (N/mm)2) × heat shrinkage (%)/100 × 1000
(2) Thickness of film
The thickness (mm) of the polarizing plate and the polyester film was measured by an electrometer (Fine L iu off Co., Ltd., Miritoron 1245D) after standing at 25 ℃ for 168 hours under 50 RH%, and the unit was converted into mm.
(3) Modulus of elasticity
The elastic moduli of the polarizing plate and the polyester film were as follows: after the mixture was left to stand at 25 ℃ and 50 RH% for 168 hours, the evaluation was carried out in accordance with JIS-K7244(DMS) using a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring apparatus (DMS6100) manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc. The temperature dependence at 25 ℃ to 120 ℃ was measured under the conditions of a stretching mode, a driving frequency of 1Hz, a distance between chucks of 5mm, and a temperature rise rate of 2 ℃/min, and the average of the storage modulus at 30 ℃ to 100 ℃ was taken as the elastic modulus. The elastic modulus in the direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device was measured.
(4) Heat shrinkage and inclination of principal axis of shrinkage
The heat shrinkage and inclination angle of the principal axis of shrinkage of the polarizer and the polyester film were as follows: after standing at 25 ℃ for 168 hours in an atmosphere of 50 RH%, a circle having a diameter of 80mm was drawn, and the diameter of the circle was measured at 1 ℃ by an image size measuring instrument (ImagemeasureIM 6500 manufactured by Keyence Corporation) to obtain a length before treatment. Next, the film was heat-treated in a gill aging oven set at 100 ℃ for 30 minutes, then cooled at room temperature of 25 ℃ for 10 minutes, and then evaluated at 1 ° intervals as the length after the treatment by the same method as before the treatment.
The heat shrinkage ratio in the present invention is defined as a value in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device, among the heat shrinkage ratios calculated by the following calculation formula.
Heat shrinkage ratio (length before treatment-length after treatment)/length before treatment × 100
The inclination of the contraction principal axis is an angle at which the thermal contraction rate measured per 1 ° becomes maximum, and is defined by an inclination from the longitudinal direction or the short-side direction. That is, the inclination angle of the contraction main axis is in the range of 0 to 45 °.
(5) Inclination of the main axis of orientation
The tilt angle of the orientation main axis of the polyester film was measured by using a molecular orientation meter (molecular orientation meter model OjiScientific instruments Co., &lTtTtransfer = L "&gTt L &lTt/T &gTt td., MOA-6004) and was defined by the tilt angle from the long side direction or the short side direction, that is, the tilt angle of the orientation main axis was in the range of 0 to 45 degrees.
(6) Height of crimp
In the production of the liquid crystal panels produced in the respective examples described below, a liquid crystal panel for evaluation was produced in the same manner except that "an IPS liquid crystal cell of 50 inches size using a glass substrate having a thickness of 0.4 mm" was replaced with "a glass plate having a length of 125mm in the short side direction, a length of 220mm in the long side direction, and a thickness of 0.4 mm". Next, the liquid crystal panel for evaluation was subjected to a heat treatment for 30 minutes in a gill aging oven set at 100 ℃, then cooled for 10 minutes in an environment set at room temperature of 25 ℃ and 50% RH, and then placed on a horizontal surface with the convex side facing downward, and the height at 4 was measured by Measure, and the maximum value was taken as the curl height. In addition, a preferable range is a maximum curl height of 5mm or less. Curl is a phenomenon to be expressed as a curvature, but is evaluated in height for simplicity. Further, the curling phenomenon becomes bowl-shaped when the sample size becomes large relative to the rigidity of the sample, and a phenomenon that the curvature is not constant may occur in the film, but the results of the present example confirm that the entire curvature is constant.
(7) Refractive index of polyester film
The slow axis direction of the film was determined using a molecular orientation meter (MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter manufactured by L td., ojiscientific instruments co., and a 4cm × 2cm rectangle was cut out so that the slow axis direction was parallel to the long side of the sample for measurement, and as a sample for measurement, the refractive indices of the orthogonal biaxial axes (refractive index in the slow axis direction: Ny, refractive index in the fast axis direction (refractive index in the direction orthogonal to the slow axis direction): Nx) and refractive index in the thickness direction (Nz) were determined using an abbe refractometer (ATAGO co., &lttttranslation = L "&tttl &/T &gtttttd, manufactured by NAR-4T, measurement wavelength 589 nm).
(8) Retardation (Re)
The retardation is a parameter defined by the product (△ Nxy △ D) of the refractive index anisotropy of the orthogonal biaxial refractive index on the film (△ Nxy ═ Nx-Ny |) and the film thickness D (nm), and is a standard for indicating optical isotropy and anisotropy, the biaxial refractive index anisotropy (5630 Nxy) is obtained by the following method, a slow axis direction of the film is obtained by using a molecular orientation meter (ojiscientific instruments co., L td., MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter), a rectangle of 4cm × cm is cut out as a sample for measurement so that the slow axis direction becomes parallel to the long side of the sample for measurement, for this sample, the refractive index difference between the refractive index of the orthogonal biaxial refractive index (6723 Nxy) & (r-589) and the refractive index anisotropy of the orthogonal biaxial refractive index (Nxy) in the directions is obtained by using an aberray refractometer (ATAGO co., (r-T) and the refractive index difference between the slow axis direction (nfxy) of the biaxial refractive index in the directions (nfxy-3623 nm, the absolute refractive index anisotropy of the film (nfx-3623 nm).
(9) Retardation in thickness direction (Rth)
The thickness direction retardation is a parameter representing an average of retardation amounts obtained by multiplying each of 2 birefringence △ Nxz (═ Nx-Nz |) and △ Nyz (| Ny-Nz |) observed from a cross section in the film thickness direction by the film thickness d, Nx, Ny, Nz and the film thickness d (nm) are determined by the same method as the measurement of the retardation amounts, and the thickness direction retardation (Rth) is determined by calculating an average of (△ Nxz × d) and (△ Nyz × d).
Production example 1 polyester A
The esterification reaction tank was heated, and when the temperature reached 200 ℃, 86.4 parts by mass of terephthalic acid and 64.6 parts by mass of ethylene glycol were added, and 0.017 parts by mass of antimony trioxide as a catalyst, 0.064 parts by mass of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, and 0.16 parts by mass of triethylamine were added while stirring. Subsequently, the esterification reaction was carried out under a pressure and temperature rise condition, and after the pressure esterification reaction was carried out under a gage pressure of 0.34MPa at 240 ℃, the esterification reaction tank was returned to normal pressure, and 0.014 parts by mass of phosphoric acid was added. Further, the temperature was raised to 260 ℃ over 15 minutes, and 0.012 parts by mass of trimethyl phosphate was added. After 15 minutes, the resulting mixture was dispersed by a high-pressure disperser, and after 15 minutes, the esterification reaction product was transferred to a polycondensation reaction tank and subjected to polycondensation reaction at 280 ℃ under reduced pressure.
After completion of the polycondensation reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered through a NAS L ON filter having a 95% cutoff diameter of 5 μm, extruded from a nozzle into a strand form, cooled and solidified with cooling water having been subjected to a filtration treatment (pore diameter: 1 μm or less), and cut into pellets, and the resulting polyethylene terephthalate resin (A) had an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62dl/g and was substantially free of inactive particles and internally precipitated particles (hereinafter abbreviated as PET (A))
Production example 2 polyester B
10 parts by mass of a dried ultraviolet absorber (2, 2' - (1, 4-phenylene) bis (4H-3, 1-benzoxazin-4-one) and 90 parts by mass of a pellet-free PET (A) (intrinsic viscosity: 0.62dl/g) were mixed together, and a kneading extruder was used to obtain a polyethylene terephthalate resin (B) containing an ultraviolet absorber.
(hereinafter abbreviated as PET (B))
Production example 3 preparation of coating liquid for adhesive Property modification
A water-dispersible copolyester resin containing a metal sulfonate group having a composition of 46 mol% of terephthalic acid, 46 mol% of isophthalic acid and 8 mol% of sodium 5-sulfoisophthalate as dicarboxylic acid components (relative to the whole dicarboxylic acid components), 50 mol% of ethylene glycol and 50 mol% of neopentyl glycol as diol components (relative to the whole diol components) was prepared by carrying out transesterification and polycondensation reactions by a conventional method, then 51.4 parts by mass of water, 38 parts by mass of isopropyl alcohol, 5 parts by mass of n-butyl cellosolve and 0.06 part by mass of a nonionic surfactant were mixed, followed by heating and stirring to reach 77 ℃,5 parts by mass of the water-dispersible copolyester resin containing a metal sulfonate group was added, the mixture was further stirred until lumps of the resin disappear, the resin liquid was cooled to room temperature to obtain a uniform water-dispersible copolyester resin liquid having a solid content of 5.0 mass%, then 3 parts by mass of silica aggregate particles (manufactured by FUJISI L YSIA CHEMICA LL TD., L YSIA 310) were dispersed in 50 parts by mass of water, and then 3 parts by mass of water-dispersible copolyester resin liquid was added to the water dispersible copolyester resin liquid, followed by stirring to obtain a water dispersible copolyester liquid, and then YSIA was added thereto, 35 parts by stirring, 3683 parts by stirring, 3683 parts by 3 parts by weight, 3683.
(example 1)
After 90 parts by mass of pellet-free pet (a) resin pellets and 10 parts by mass of uv absorber-containing pet (b) resin pellets as raw materials for the intermediate layer of the base film were dried under reduced pressure (1Torr) at 135 ℃ for 6 hours, they were supplied to the extruder 2 (for the intermediate layer II), and further, pet (a) was dried by a conventional method and supplied to the extruder 1 (for the outer layer I and the outer layer III), respectively, and melted at 285 ℃. The 2 polymers were each filtered with a filter medium of a stainless steel sintered body (nominal filtration accuracy 10 μm particle 95% cutoff), laminated with 2 kinds of 3-layer flow blocks, extruded from a pipe head into a sheet shape, wound around a casting drum (casting drum) having a surface temperature of 30 ℃ by an electrostatic casting method, cooled and solidified, and an unstretched film was produced. In this case, the ratio of the thicknesses of the layers I, II, and III is 10: 80: the discharge amount of each extruder was adjusted in the manner of 10.
Then, the coating weight after drying was set to 0.08g/m by the reverse roll method2The coating liquid for modifying adhesiveness was applied to both surfaces of the non-stretched PET film, and then dried at 80 ℃ for 20 seconds.
The unstretched film on which the coating layer was formed was introduced into a tenter stretcher, while the end portions of the film were held by clips, the film was introduced into a hot air zone at a temperature of 105 ℃ and stretched 4.0 times in TD, then, the film was heat-treated at a temperature of 180 ℃ for 30 seconds, after which the film cooled to 100 ℃ was stretched 1% in MD, after which the clips holding both end portions of the film cooled to 60 ℃ were opened, the film was taken up at a tension of 350N/m, a jumbo roll formed of a uniaxially oriented PET film having a film thickness of about 80 μm was collected, and the obtained jumbo roll was equally divided by 3 to obtain 3 slit rolls (L (left side), C (center), and R (right side)), and a polarizer protective film 1 was obtained from the slit roll located at R (the center portion of the slit roll located at R was used as the polarizer protective film 1).
A polarizer protective film 1 was attached to one side of a polarizer (the shrinkage force in the absorption axis direction of the polarizer was 5100N/m) containing PVA, iodine, and boric acid so that the transmission axis of the polarizer was parallel to the MD of the film. On the opposite side of the polarizer, a TAC film (manufactured by Fujifilm Corporation, thickness: 80 μm) was adhered. In this manner, a polarizing plate (polarizing plate a) whose longitudinal direction coincides with the transmission axis direction of the polarizer and a polarizing plate (polarizing plate B) whose longitudinal direction coincides with the absorption axis direction of the polarizer were produced. A polarizing plate B and a polarizing plate a were attached to the visible side and the light source side of a 50-inch IPS mode liquid crystal cell using a glass substrate having a thickness of 0.4mm, respectively, with PSA so that the polarizer protective film 1 was positioned on the far end side (opposite side) from the liquid crystal cell, thereby producing a liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal panel was incorporated into a case to produce a liquid crystal display device.
(example 2)
A polarizing plate protective film 2 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 1 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃ was stretched in the longitudinal direction by 2.5% in the production of the polarizing plate protective film 1 of example 1. A liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizer protective film 1 was replaced with the polarizer protective film 2 in example 1.
(example 3)
A polarizing plate protective film 3 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 1 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃ was stretched 4% in the longitudinal direction in the production of the polarizing plate protective film 1 of example 1. A liquid crystal display device was fabricated in the same manner as in example 1, except that in example 1, the polarizing plate having a contractile force in the absorption axis direction of 5100N/m was replaced with a polarizing plate of 11200N/m, and the polarizing plate protective film 1 was replaced with a polarizing plate protective film 3.
(example 4)
A polarizer protective film 4 was produced in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 1 except that a blend of pet (a)90 mass% and PBT10 mass% was used as a raw material for the layer I, the layer II and the layer III, and the film cooled to 100 ℃ was stretched 4% in the longitudinal direction. A liquid crystal display device was fabricated in the same manner as in example 1, except that in example 1, the polarizing plate having a contractile force in the absorption axis direction of 5100N/m was replaced with a polarizing plate of 11200N/m, and the polarizing plate protective film 1 was replaced with a polarizing plate protective film 4. Incidentally, NV5020(0.52dl/g) manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation was used for PBT.
(example 5)
A polarizing plate protective film 5 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 1 except that the number of revolutions of the casting roll was adjusted so that the film thickness after stretching was 50 μm. A liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizer protective film 1 was replaced with the polarizer protective film 5 in example 1.
(example 6)
A polarizing plate protective film 6 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 5 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃. A liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizer protective film 6 was used instead of the polarizer protective film 1 in example 1.
(example 7)
A polarizing plate protective film 7 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 5 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃.
A liquid crystal display device was fabricated in the same manner as in example 1, except that in example 1, the polarizing plate having a contractile force in the absorption axis direction of 5100N/m was replaced with a polarizing plate of 11200N/m, and the polarizing plate protective film 1 was replaced with a polarizing plate protective film 7.
(example 8)
A polarizer protective film 8 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 1 except that the number of revolutions of the casting roll was adjusted so that the film thickness after stretching was 160 μm. A liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizer protective film 8 was used instead of the polarizer protective film 1 in example 1.
(example 9)
A polarizing plate protective film 9 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 8 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃. Then, the polarizing plate having a contractile force in the absorption axis direction of 5100N/m was replaced with a polarizing plate of 11200N/m; adhering the polarizing plate A and the polarizing plate B in such a manner that the transmission axis of the polarizing plate and the TD of the polarizing plate protective film are parallel to each other; a liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizer protective film 1 was replaced with the polarizer protective film 9.
(example 10)
A polarizing plate protective film 10 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 1 except that the film was stretched 4.0 times in the MD and 1.0 times in the TD. A liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizer protective film 10 was used instead of the polarizer protective film 1 in example 1.
(example 11)
A polarizer protective film 11 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 10 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃ was stretched by 1.5% in the MD. A liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizer protective film 1 was replaced with the polarizer protective film 11 in example 1.
(example 12)
A polarizing plate protective film 12 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 10 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃.
The polarizing plate with the contractile force in the absorption axis direction of 5100N/m was replaced by a polarizing plate of 11200N/m; a liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizing plate protection film 1 was replaced with the polarizing plate protection film 12.
(example 13)
As a raw material for the layer I, the layer II and the layer III, pet (a) a blend of 90 mass% and PBT10 mass%; the polarizing plate protective film 13 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 10 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃ was stretched 3% in the MD.
The polarizing plate with the contractile force in the absorption axis direction of 5100N/m was replaced by a polarizing plate of 11200N/m; a liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizer protective film 1 was replaced with the polarizer protective film 13. Incidentally, NV5020(0.52dl/g) manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation was used for PBT.
(example 14)
A polarizer protective film 14 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 10 except that the number of revolutions of the casting roll was adjusted so that the film after stretching had a thickness of 50 μm and the film cooled to 100 ℃ was stretched in the MD by 1.5%. A liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizing plate protective film 1 was replaced with the polarizing plate protective film 14.
(example 15)
A polarizing plate protective film 15 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 14 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃. A liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizing plate protection film 1 was replaced with the polarizing plate protection film 15.
(example 16)
A polarizing plate protective film 16 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 14 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃ was stretched 5% in the TD. Then, the polarizing plate a and the polarizing plate B were produced by attaching the polarizing plate so that the transmission axis of the polarizing plate was parallel to the TD direction of the polarizer protective film; a liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizing plate protective film 16 was used instead of the polarizing plate protective film 1.
(example 17)
The polarizer protective film 20 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 10 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃ was stretched by 2% in the MD. A liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizer protective film 20 was used instead of the polarizer protective film 1 in example 1.
(example 18)
The polarizer protective film 21 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 10 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃ was stretched in the MD by 2.5%. A liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the polarizer protective film 21 was used instead of the polarizer protective film 1 in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The polarizing plate protective film 17 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 1 except that the jig for holding both ends of the film was opened at 95 ℃. Replacing the polarizer protective film 1 with a polarizer protective film 17; a liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in example 1 except that polarizing plate a and polarizing plate B were produced by attaching the polarizing plate so that the transmission axis of the polarizing plate and TD of the polarizer protective film were parallel to each other.
Comparative example 2
A polarizing plate protective film 18 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 14 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃. The polarizing plate with the contractile force in the absorption axis direction of 5100N/m was replaced by a polarizing plate of 11200N/m; and replacing the polarizer protective film 1 with a polarizer protective film 18; a liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in example 1 except that polarizing plate a and polarizing plate B were produced by attaching the polarizing plate so that the transmission axis of the polarizing plate and TD of the polarizer protective film were parallel to each other.
Comparative example 3
A polarizing plate protective film 19 was obtained in the same manner as the polarizing plate protective film 8 except that the film cooled to 100 ℃. The polarizing plate with the contractile force in the absorption axis direction of 5100N/m was replaced by a polarizing plate of 11200N/m; and replacing the polarizer protective film 1 with a polarizer protective film 19; a liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in example 1 except that polarizing plate a and polarizing plate B were produced by attaching the polarizing plate so that the transmission axis of the polarizing plate and TD of the polarizer protective film were parallel to each other.
The liquid crystal panels of the liquid crystal display devices of examples 1to 18 and the liquid crystal panels of the liquid crystal display devices of comparative examples 1to 3 were subjected to a heat treatment for 30 minutes in a gill-aging oven set at 100 ℃ and then cooled for 10 minutes in an environment set at room temperature of 25 ℃ and 50 RH%, and then the liquid crystal panels were observed, and as a result, no curling was observed in examples 1to 16, but curling was observed in comparative examples 1to 3.
The measurement results of the examples are shown in table 1.
[ Table 1]
Figure BDA0002450459680000251
Industrial applicability
According to the present invention, a liquid crystal display device in which the curl of a laminate formed of a polarizing plate/liquid crystal cell/polarizing plate is highly controlled can be provided.

Claims (10)

1. A liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal cell, a polarizing plate A attached to one surface of the liquid crystal cell, and a polarizing plate B attached to the other surface of the liquid crystal cell,
the polarizing plate A has the following structure: the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing plate is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device, a polyester film is laminated on the polarizing plate at the far end side of the liquid crystal cell,
the polarizing plate B has the following structure: the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device, a protective film is laminated on at least one surface of the polarizing plate,
the shrinkage force F in the long side direction of the liquid crystal display device of the polyester filmfAnd a contraction force F in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device with the polarizing plate of the polarizing plate BpSatisfies the following formula (1),
formula (1)0.1 ≤ Ff/Fp≤2
Wherein the contraction force Ff(N/m) is the thickness (mm) × elastic modulus (N/mm) of the polyester film2) × Heat shrinkage (%)/100 × 1000, shrink force Fp(N/m) is the thickness (mm) × elastic modulus (N/mm) of the polarizing plate of polarizing plate B2) × heat shrinkage (%)/100 × 1000.
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the polyester film has an elastic modulus in a longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device of 1000 to 9000N/mm2。
3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat shrinkage rate of the polyester film in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal display device is 0.1 to 5%.
4. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1to 3, wherein the thickness of the polyester film is 40 to 200 μm.
5. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1to 4, wherein the inclination angle of the orientation principal axis of the polyester film is 15 degrees or less.
6. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1to 5, wherein the inclination angle of the principal axis of shrinkage of the polyester film is 15 degrees or less.
7. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1to 6, wherein the polarizer A has the following structure: a TAC film, a cyclic olefin film, or an acrylic film is laminated on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate.
8. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1to 6, wherein the polarizer A has the following structure: no protective film or optical compensation film is laminated on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate.
9. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1to 8, wherein the polarizing plate B has a structure of: a TAC film, a cyclic olefin film, or an acrylic film is laminated on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate.
10. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1to 8, wherein the polarizing plate B has a structure of: no protective film or optical compensation film is laminated on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate.
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