CN111443292B - Simulation method and system for electrochemical electrode research - Google Patents
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ship ballast water treatment, in particular to a simulation method and a simulation system for electrochemical electrode research, which comprises the following steps: establishing a scaling model of the electrolytic ballast water treatment system to be tested; inputting experiment parameters in a scaling model; and adjusting the temperature value and/or salinity value in the experiment parameters to obtain the active substance content in the ballast water. The invention aims to provide a simulation method and a simulation system for electrochemical electrode research, which can duplicate complex geometric shapes, comprise the existing materials and material combinations to obtain the interaction between couples, and can simulate the influence of temperature, salinity, water quality parameters and the like on the electrode efficiency as main environmental influence factors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship ballast water treatment, in particular to a simulation method and a simulation system for electrochemical electrode research.
Background
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) divides the treatment methods of ballast water management systems into two main categories: methods using active substances and methods without active substances. Active substance means a substance or organism, including viruses or fungi having a general or specific action against harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens, which is capable of killing target organisms in seawater. The treatment method adopting the active substances mainly comprises the steps of injecting one or more specific active substances into ballast water, and realizing the treatment of the ballast water by utilizing the inactivation and sterilization capability of the active substances. The electrolytic method is an important method for treating ship ballast water with active substances, and is a technique for generating active substances such as hypochlorous acid by electrolyzing seawater and further killing harmful organisms in the ballast water.
At present, international Maritime Organization (IMO), united States Coast Guard (USCG), international classification society (IACS) and classification societies have made demands on the design, installation and certification of ballast water treatment systems. The requirements for testing and verifying the limiting conditions of the ballast water treatment system are specifically set forth in USCG Final Rule CFR 162.060. In 2016, IMO promulgated a latest certification guide 2016GUIDELINES FOR utility OF BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (G8) (hereinafter referred to as "new G8") in the 70 th conference OF MEPC, and contents required FOR testing and verifying and evaluating the limit conditions OF salinity, temperature, etc. OF the BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS are explicitly added to the new certification guide.
The electrolytic ship ballast water treatment system adopts a device for generating active substances for ballast water treatment by electrolytic reaction of an electrode plate with external direct current. The electrolytic reaction belongs to electrochemical reaction, and is a process for converting electric energy into chemical energy, and the electrolytic product production amount of the process is determined by Faraday's law of electrolysis in electrochemistry. This conversion process has a certain reaction efficiency, which is called current efficiency, and the higher the current efficiency, which means that under the same direct current, more electric energy is used to generate active substances, and the more active substances are generated. The current efficiency is affected by many factors, temperature and salinity being the major environmental factors.
Therefore, a new simulation system for electrochemical electrode research is needed to solve the problem of research on the influence of system structural materials, temperature and salinity on the electrode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simulation method and a simulation system for electrochemical electrode research, which can duplicate complex geometric shapes, comprise the existing materials and material combinations to obtain the interaction between couples, and can simulate the influence of temperature, salinity, water quality parameters and the like on the electrode efficiency as main environmental influence factors.
In order to achieve the above technical effects, an aspect of the present invention provides a simulation method for electrochemical electrode research, including the following steps:
s100, establishing a scaling model of the electrolytic ballast water treatment system to be tested;
s200, inputting experiment parameters in a scaling model;
s300, adjusting the temperature value and/or the salinity value in the experiment parameters to obtain the active substance content in the ballast water.
Preferably, in step S100, assuming that a proportionality coefficient between a device prototype and a scaling model of the electrolytic ballast water treatment system to be tested is p, in an electrolytic ballast water research experiment, the following corresponding relational expression is satisfied:
L′＝L/p；t′＝t/γ；E′＝E/α；σ′＝(pα)σ/β；V′＝V/(αp)；i′＝(pi)/β；
wherein,
l, t, E, σ, V and i are the prototype dimensions of the following parameters in the device prototype, respectively: length, electrolysis time, electric field strength, conductivity, voltage and current density;
l ', t ', E ', σ ', v ' and i are model dimensions of the following parameters in the scaling model, respectively: length, experiment time, electric field strength, conductivity, voltage and current density;
α, β, γ are the proportionality coefficients of the following parameters: electric field strength, magnetic field strength, and experimental time.
Preferably, the natural seawater is diluted into fresh seawater with the same proportionality coefficient as the scale model, and the length and the conductivity satisfy the following relational expression: l' = L/p; σ' = σ/p.
Preferably, in step S200, the experimental parameters include size of the prototype of the device, electrolysis time, electric field strength, temperature, conductivity, voltage, current density.
Based on the simulation method, the invention also provides a simulation system for electrochemical electrode research, which comprises a test device, a parameter measuring sensor, a programmable signal conditioning module, a data acquisition card and a computer preinstalled with a test program, wherein the test device, the parameter measuring sensor, the programmable signal conditioning module, the data acquisition card and the computer are sequentially connected.
Preferably, the parameter measurement sensors include flow sensors, temperature sensors, salinity sensors, voltage sensors and current sensors.
Preferably, the test device comprises an electrolytic cell and a dehydrogenation unit; the parameter measuring sensor is arranged in the electrolytic cell.
Preferably, the electrolytic cell is the scaling model established in step S100.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention establishes an electrochemical research simulation system based on a scaling model theory, scales physical quantities such as the appearance size, the arrangement mode, system parameters and the like of an electrolysis electrode according to a certain proportion, and scales the conductivity of treated water by the same proportion. The method has the advantages of being capable of replicating complex geometric shapes, including existing materials and material combinations to obtain the interaction between couples, and simulating the influence of temperature, salinity and water quality parameters and the like on the efficiency of the electrode, wherein the temperature, salinity and water quality parameters are main environmental influence factors.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a simulation system hardware architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a simulation system testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the effect of temperature on current efficiency according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of salinity on current efficiency according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The electrolytic ship ballast water treatment system adopts a device for generating active substances for ballast water treatment by electrolytic reaction of an electrode plate with external direct current. Research in electrolytic ship ballast water treatment systems has found that current efficiency is affected by many factors, with temperature and salinity being the major environmental factors.
The invention provides a simulation method and a simulation system for electrochemical electrode research, which belong to large-scale systems, the volume of which is inconvenient for multiple research experiments, and the invention can duplicate complex geometric shapes by adopting the technical scheme provided by the invention, comprises the existing materials and material combinations to obtain the interaction between couples, and can simulate the influence of temperature, salinity, water quality parameters and the like on the electrode efficiency as main environmental influence factors.
The invention establishes a convenient and effective electrochemical research simulation system based on a scaling model theory, provides a new research approach for further optimizing an electrolytic electrode system, and also provides a basis for further accurately designing a ship ballast water electrolytic solution treatment system.
In order to achieve the above technical effects, the present embodiment provides the following technical solutions:
the present embodiment provides a simulation method for electrochemical electrode research, comprising the following steps:
s100, establishing a scaling model of the electrolytic ballast water treatment system to be tested;
s200, inputting experiment parameters in a scaling model;
s300, adjusting the temperature value and/or the salinity value in the experiment parameters to obtain the active substance content in the ballast water.
In step S100, the scaling model is built based on a scaling model, which is a feature test object produced by geometrically scaling the shape of the object under study according to suitable coefficients and following a strict similarity criterion relationship. The scale model is mainly used for researching the real aircraft, and the flight test of the scale model is to utilize the scale model to fly in the real atmospheric environment to research the dynamic flight characteristics of the real aircraft in advance. Therefore, the technical scheme provided by the invention creatively uses the scaling model for the research of the electrolytic ship ballast water treatment system.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the scaling model is established as follows: setting the proportionality coefficient between the device prototype and the scaling model of the electrolytic ballast water treatment system to be tested as p,
position vector: r = (x, y, z) into, r ' = (x ', y ', z '), satisfying r = pr ' (1)
Accordingly:
E(r,t)＝αE'(r',t') (2)
H(r,t)＝βH'(r',t') (3)
t＝γt′ (4)
wherein E (gamma, t) and H (gamma, t) are respectively electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity; alpha, beta and gamma are arbitrary constants.
For electric and magnetic fields:
div(εε 0 e) = ρ and div (∈ 'ε' 0 E')＝ρ' (5)
div(μμ 0 H) =0 and div (μ' 0 H')＝0 (6)
According to maxwell's equations and ohm's law:
i＝σE (9)
because of the fact that
In the same way
Will be a formula(1) Substituting equations (5) to (8) into (4) extrapolates the proportional relationship between the prototype of the device and the model basis.
In summary, as shown in table 1, in the electrolytic ballast water research experiment, the following corresponding relational expressions were satisfied:
L′＝L/p；t′＝t/γ；E′＝E/α；σ′＝(pα)σ/β；V′＝V/(αp)；i′＝(pi)/β；
wherein,
l, t, E, σ, V and i are the prototype dimensions of the following parameters in the device prototype, respectively: length, electrolysis time, electric field strength, conductivity, voltage and current density;
l ', t ', E ', σ ', V ' and i are model dimensions of the following parameters in the scaling model, respectively: length, experiment time, electric field strength, conductivity, voltage and current density;
α, β, γ are the proportionality coefficients of the following parameters: electric field strength, magnetic field strength, and experimental time.
| Name (R) | Device prototype | Theoretical scaled model size |
| Length of | L | L'＝L/p |
| Time | t | t'＝t/γ |
| Electric field intensity | E | E'＝E/α |
| Temperature of | T | T |
| Electrical conductivity of | σ | σ'＝(pα)σ/β |
| Voltage of | V | V'＝V/(αp) |
| Current density | i | i'＝(pi)/β |
TABLE 1
The simulation system dilutes the natural seawater into the fresh seawater with the same proportion as the scaling ratio,
comprises the following steps: l '= L/p and sigma' = sigma/p (10)
Comparing the relationship between the electrode device model and the theoretical scaling model size in table 2, let α =1/p, β = γ = p, and obtain the corresponding model size parameter.
| Name (R) | Prototype size | Size of model |
| Length of | L | L’＝L/p |
| Time | t | t’＝t/p |
| Electric field intensity | E | E’＝pE |
| Temperature of | T | T |
| Electrical conductivity of | σ | σ’＝σ/p |
| Voltage of | V | V’＝V |
| Current density | i | i’＝i |
TABLE 2
As seen from Table 2, the scaling model established by the system satisfies
(1) In the prototype device and the model device, the corresponding position has the same voltage, and V' = V; (11)
(2) In the prototype device and the model device, the current density is the same at the corresponding position, i' = i; (12)
And because of the voltage drop U = I (ρ L)/A = I (ρ L) = (iL)/σ (13) in the medium, solution
U′＝I′(ρ′L′)/A′＝i′(ρ′L′)＝(i′L′)/σ′ (14)
Substituting equations (10) and (12) into equations (13) and (14)
Obtaining: u = U' (15)
I＝(p) 2 I′ (16)
As can be seen from the above discussion, if p is set to 100, the electric field signal propagates 1 meter in the water quality of the model device, which means 100 meters in the actual water quality. Simulations with very small regions in scaled models can actually represent very large regions.
Referring to fig. 1-2, based on the above simulation method, another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention further provides a simulation system for electrochemical electrode research, which includes a testing device, a parameter measuring sensor, a programmable signal conditioning module, a data acquisition card, and a computer pre-loaded with a test program, which are connected in sequence.
Specifically, the test device comprises an electrolytic bath and a dehydrogenation unit; the parameter measuring sensor is arranged in the electrolytic cell; the parameter measuring sensor comprises a flow sensor, a temperature sensor, a salinity sensor, a voltage sensor and a current sensor, wherein in a data transmission path, namely, an SCXI-1313 wiring terminal box and an SCXI-1000 case are connected between the measuring sensor and a programmable signal conditioning module, the programmable signal conditioning module is an SCXI-1125 programmable isolation module, the data acquisition card is a PXI-6052E data acquisition card, and the computer is a PXI-8186 computer.
The computer is pre-loaded with a test program, which uses a graphical programming language, programs with a dialog box and a flow chart, provides rich functions and subprogram libraries, and can realize the software of a hardware system and design a measurement system meeting the technical requirements from basic mathematical functions to a high-level analysis library (including signal processing, functions, filter design, linear algebra, probability theory and mathematical statistics, curve fitting, fourier transform, wavelet analysis and the like) for the functions and the subprogram libraries.
Aiming at the simulation system, the working principle is as follows: the data acquisition system processes the flow, the voltage, the current, the temperature, the salinity and the output data of the electrolysis unit of the simulated ballast water treatment system and transmits the processed data to the digital central control unit, the digital central control unit compares the set state with the actual system working state, the result is respectively transmitted to the switch-type rectifier and the communication and monitoring module, and the switch-type rectifier controls the current and the voltage according to the instruction of the digital central control unit. The communication and monitoring module transmits various data to the control center, and the control center controls the system operation according to the data result. The control instruction is transmitted to the digital center control unit through the communication and monitoring module.
The simulation method and the simulation system for the electrochemical electrode research adopt a scaling model of an electrolysis unit of the ballast water treatment system, optimize, predict and analyze the electrode treatment performance of the electrolysis ship ballast water treatment system, scale physical quantities such as the overall dimension, the arrangement mode, system parameters and the like of the electrolysis electrode according to a certain proportion, and scale the conductivity of the treated water by the same proportion. The method has the capability of replicating complex geometries including existing materials and combinations of materials to obtain galvanic interactions, testing the treatment capacity of the treatment system at different salinity and temperatures by a simulation test system, respectively, and testing the biological effectiveness of the treated discharged ballast water and the TRO concentration to verify and determine the temperature salinity constraints of the electrolysis treatment system. And the accurate optimization design of the ballast water treatment system by the ship electrolysis method is concerned by both domestic and foreign countries, and a simulation test system for researching the influence of system structural materials, temperature and salinity on the electrodes is used as a new technology to provide a new way for the optimization of the system structural materials, the temperature and salinity, so that the system has very important application prospect and economic significance.
Based on the simulation method and the simulation system for electrochemical electrode research, the embodiment of the present invention further performs specific implementation tests on different temperature values and salinity values, please refer to fig. 3-4, and the test results are as follows:
1. the manner in which the reaction temperature affects the current efficiency is shown in FIG. 3. In a certain temperature range, the higher the temperature is, the higher the current efficiency is, and the more active substances are generated by electrolysis; the lower the corresponding temperature, the less active species are produced by electrolysis.
2. The manner in which salinity affects current efficiency is shown in fig. 4. Within a certain salinity range, as the salinity increases, the current efficiency increases and the corresponding production of active species increases. However, when the salinity is increased to a certain concentration, the salinity is continuously increased, and the current efficiency is not continuously increased along with the salinity.
In order to meet the latest certification requirements of IMO and USCG and verify the influence of salinity and temperature on ballast water treatment effect, an electrolytic ballast water treatment system BalClor ballast water treatment system developed and produced by Qingdao Shuangrui performs land-based tests of USCG certification and IMO new G8 certification in a third-party independent laboratory in Denmark, and the water temperature of the land-based tests spans four seasons from the experimental period of the land-based tests and performs land-based biological effectiveness tests respectively under the three salinity of fresh water (salinity <1 PSU), brackish water (salinity of 15-20 PSU) and seawater (salinity >25 PSU). All test results of land-based tests and real ship tests of the electrolytic ballast water treatment system developed and produced by Qingdao Shuangrui all meet the index requirements of IMO new G8 and USCG on the concentration of microorganisms and TRO in discharged ballast water, and are consistent with the test results of the simulation system adopting the invention.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A simulation method for electrochemical electrode research, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
s100, establishing a scaling model of the electrolytic ballast water treatment system to be tested, and diluting natural seawater into fresh seawater with the same scaling ratio;
s200, inputting experimental parameters in the scaling model, wherein the experimental parameters comprise the size of a device prototype, electrolysis time, electric field intensity, temperature, conductivity, voltage and current density;
s300, adjusting the temperature value and/or the salinity value in the experiment parameters to obtain the active substance content in the ballast water.
2. The simulation method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S100, a proportionality coefficient between a device prototype and a scaling model of the electrolytic ballast water treatment system to be tested is set to be p, and in an electrolytic ballast water research experiment, the following corresponding relational expression is satisfied:
L′＝L/p；t′＝t/γ；E′＝E/α；σ′＝(pα)σ/β；V′＝V/(αp)；i′＝(pi)/β；
wherein,
l, t, E, σ, V and i are the prototype dimensions of the following parameters in the device prototype, respectively: length, electrolysis time, electric field strength, conductivity, voltage and current density;
l ', t', E ', σ, V' and i are model sizes of the following parameters in the scaling model, respectively: length, experiment time, electric field strength, conductivity, voltage and current density;
α, β, γ are the proportionality coefficients of the following parameters: electric field strength, magnetic field strength, and experimental time.
3. The simulation method according to claim 2, wherein: diluting the natural seawater into fresh seawater with the same proportionality coefficient as the scaling model, wherein the length and the conductivity satisfy the following relational expression: l' = L/p; σ' = σ/p.
4. A simulation system based on the simulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the device comprises a testing device, a parameter measuring sensor, a programmable signal conditioning module, a data acquisition card and a computer preinstalled with a testing program which are sequentially connected.
5. The simulation system of claim 4, wherein: the parameter measurement sensor comprises a flow sensor, a temperature sensor, a salinity sensor, a voltage sensor and a current sensor.
6. The simulation system of claim 5, wherein: the test device comprises an electrolytic bath and a dehydrogenation unit; the parameter measuring sensor is arranged in the electrolytic cell.
7. The simulation system of claim 6, wherein: the electrolytic cell is the scaling model established in step S100.
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