CN111443158A - Metal powder ignition combustion test device in high-temperature gas - Google Patents
Metal powder ignition combustion test device in high-temperature gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN111443158A CN111443158A CN202010254236.3A CN202010254236A CN111443158A CN 111443158 A CN111443158 A CN 111443158A CN 202010254236 A CN202010254236 A CN 202010254236A CN 111443158 A CN111443158 A CN 111443158A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N2021/8411—Application to online plant, process monitoring
Abstract
The invention provides a test device for ignition and combustion of metal powder in high-temperature gas, which comprises a non-premixed burner and a combustion chamber, wherein the non-premixed burner and the combustion chamber are hermetically connected together; the non-premixed burner comprises a furnace body, and an oxidant passage, a fuel passage and a powder passage which are independently arranged in the furnace body, wherein the oxidant, the fuel and the metal powder respectively enter a combustion chamber through the oxidant passage, the fuel passage and the powder passage to be ignited and combusted; the outlet section at the downstream of the combustion chamber is of a contraction structure, and the sectional area of a gas outlet at the tail end is the smallest; the wall surface of the combustion chamber is provided with a transparent observation window. The invention can provide an environment which is closer to the actual mixing of a plurality of oxidizing gases at high temperature and high pressure for the ignition combustion of the metal powder, and simultaneously, the whole ignition combustion process of the metal powder can be analyzed by adopting advanced combustion diagnosis equipment, and the engineering application value of the obtained experimental data is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal powder ignition combustion test device, in particular to a metal powder ignition combustion test device in a gas environment with adjustable working condition wide range.
Background
The metal powder of magnesium, aluminum and the like is widely applied to energetic materials of solid propellant, explosive and the like. In these energetic materials, the energy contained in the metal powder is released by chemical reaction with the high temperature oxidizing gas. The high-temperature oxidizing gas is generally a product of rapid ignition combustion of components other than metal powder in the energetic material, mainly comprises a mixture of oxidizing gases such as oxygen, water vapor and carbon dioxide, and has a certain pressure. Therefore, the research on the ignition and combustion process of the metal powder in the high-temperature and high-pressure gas environment has very important significance for accurately optimizing the formula composition of the energetic material and accurately indicating the working performance of the solid rocket engine and the explosion effect of the explosive.
In order to simulate the high-temperature oxidation environment during the metal powder ignition combustion, a premixed flat flame burner is generally used as a device for generating high-temperature oxidizing gas, denoted as device a, as shown in fig. 1. It mainly comprises a porous furnace plate, a premixing cavity, a powder supply pipeline and the like. The furnace plate of the device A is of a porous structure, can be made of a prefabricated honeycomb structure material, and can also be machined from a high-temperature-resistant metal material. A gap structure formed by two layers of steel balls is arranged in the premixing cavity, and after the fuel and the oxidant enter the premixing cavity of the planar flame burner, the fuel and the oxidant are fully mixed in the areas of the two layers of steel balls. The uniformly mixed gas passes through the porous furnace plate to form uniform high-temperature fuel gas. And the metal powder enters high-temperature fuel gas through the powder supply pipeline to be ignited and combusted. The fuel used for the operation of the device A is hydrocarbon, and the oxidant is air or oxygen. The device A can obtain the ignition and combustion characteristic parameters of the metal powder, and lays a foundation for knowing the ignition and combustion process of the metal powder. But during the use, the safety is poor because the fuel and the oxidizer are fully mixed before ignition. In order to prevent the flame from backfiring, the flow rate of the fuel and oxidant mixture must be greater than the flame propagation speed, so the type of fuel, the mixture ratio of the fuel and oxidant, and the pressure need to be controlled within safe ranges, which makes it difficult to achieve wide-range adjustment of parameters such as gas composition, temperature, pressure, etc. For example, when studying the ignition and combustion characteristics of metal powder in a water vapor environment, the device a needs to use hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as oxidant, and it is difficult to create a high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor environment with the device a because the flame propagation speed of premixed hydrogen and oxygen is high. In addition, the furnace plate in the device A is directly exposed to high-temperature oxidizing gas environment during the test and is easy to be ablated, so that the furnace plate needs to be frequently replaced and the economy is not good.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a test device for ignition and combustion of metal powder in high-temperature gas.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the metal powder ignition combustion test device in the high-temperature gas comprises a non-premixed burner and a combustion chamber, wherein the non-premixed burner and the combustion chamber are connected together in a sealing manner; the non-premixed burner comprises a furnace body, and an oxidant passage, a fuel passage and a powder passage which are independently arranged in the furnace body, wherein the oxidant, the fuel and the metal powder respectively enter a combustion chamber through the oxidant passage, the fuel passage and the powder passage to be ignited and combusted; the outlet section at the downstream of the combustion chamber is of a contraction structure, and the sectional area of a gas outlet at the tail end is the smallest; the wall surface of the combustion chamber is provided with a transparent observation window.
Furthermore, the furnace body can be designed into a split structure and comprises a plurality of sections of furnace body units which are connected end to end in a sealing way. The split structure is convenient for integral production, transportation, maintenance, replacement and installation.
Further, the furnace body of the invention can also be designed into an integrally formed integral structure. The integrated structure is more excellent in integrity, sealing, pressure bearing and the like.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the powder passage is a powder duct penetrating from the outside of the furnace body to the combustion chamber.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, an independent fuel gas-collecting cavity is arranged in the furnace body, the fuel gas-collecting cavity is communicated with a fuel inlet, fuel enters the fuel gas-collecting cavity from the fuel inlet, the fuel gas-collecting cavity is communicated with the combustion chamber through a pipeline, and fuel gas in the fuel gas-collecting cavity is introduced into the combustion chamber. An independent oxidant gas collecting cavity is arranged in the furnace body, the oxidant gas collecting cavity is communicated with an oxidant inlet, an oxidant enters the oxidant gas collecting cavity from the oxidant inlet, and the oxidant gas collecting cavity is communicated with the combustion chamber through a pipeline to introduce the oxidant into the combustion chamber.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel inlet and the oxidant inlet are both provided in plurality, the plurality of fuel inlets are uniformly distributed on the peripheral furnace wall of the fuel gas collecting chamber, and the plurality of oxidant inlets are uniformly distributed on the peripheral furnace wall of the oxidant gas collecting chamber.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the fuel gas collecting cavity is communicated with a plurality of fuel conduits, the gas outlet of each fuel conduit extends into the combustion chamber, and the fuel gas in the fuel gas collecting cavity is introduced into the combustion chamber through the fuel conduits.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, a partition plate is arranged above a bottom wall in the furnace body, a closed space between the partition plate and the bottom wall is a fuel gas collection chamber, through holes for penetrating fuel conduits are formed in the partition plate, a porous foam plate is arranged above the partition plate, a cavity between the partition plate and the porous foam plate is an oxidant gas collection chamber, through holes corresponding to the through holes in the partition plate one by one are formed in the porous foam plate, air inlets of the fuel conduits are communicated with the fuel gas collection chamber, the fuel conduits sequentially penetrate through the partition plate and the through holes in the porous foam plate, air outlets of the fuel conduits extend into the combustion chamber, a sealing structure is arranged between each fuel conduit and the partition plate, and sealing structures are arranged between the partition plate and the inner side wall of the furnace body and between the porous foam plate and the inner.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the fuel guide pipe is in clearance fit with the through holes on the porous foam plate, and the oxidant in the oxidant gas collecting cavity enters the combustion chamber through the clearance.
According to the preferable scheme of the invention, a steel ball support plate is arranged in the fuel gas collection cavity and is positioned above each fuel inlet, the steel ball support plate divides the fuel gas collection cavity into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, a large number of air holes are formed in the plate surface of the steel ball support plate, a large number of steel balls are filled in the upper cavity of the steel ball support plate, fuel enters the lower cavity of the fuel gas collection cavity from the fuel inlets and enters the upper cavity of the fuel gas collection cavity through the air holes in the steel ball support plate, and the upper cavities filled with the steel balls are fully mixed.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the powder channel penetrates into the furnace body from the center of the bottom wall of the furnace body and then sequentially penetrates through the fuel gas collecting cavity and the oxidant gas collecting cavity to enter the combustion chamber, and a sealing structure is arranged among the powder channel, the bottom wall of the furnace body and the partition plate.
As the preferred scheme of the invention, the combustion chamber comprises a pressure-bearing cover, and the pressure-bearing cover is hermetically connected with a furnace body of the non-premixed combustor; a spark plug and a pressure sensor are arranged on one side wall of the pressure-bearing cover; one side wall of the pressure-bearing cover is provided with a large observation window to realize the observation of the ignition combustion process of the metal powder by external combustion diagnosis equipment; two small observation windows with aligned centers are arranged on two opposite side walls of the pressure bearing cover, the two small observation windows correspond to the outlet positions of the powder channel, one window is used as an inlet of an external light source, and the other window is used for observing the initial state of the powder jet flow.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the outlet section of the combustion chamber is connected with a throat, the throat is made of graphite materials, the throat is connected with the contraction section through a throat clamping sleeve, the spray hole in the throat is also of a contraction structure, and the sectional area of the spray hole at the tail end of the spray hole is the smallest.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the invention can provide an environment which is closer to the actual mixing of a plurality of oxidizing gases at high temperature and high pressure for the ignition combustion of the metal powder, and simultaneously, the whole ignition combustion process of the metal powder can be analyzed by adopting advanced combustion diagnosis equipment, and the engineering application value of the obtained experimental data is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a view showing the structure of an apparatus A;
FIG. 2 is a general diagram of the assay system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a non-premix burner of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an external view of a non-premix burner according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a first cross-sectional view of a high pressure combustor in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a second sectional view of the high pressure combustor of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an external view of a high pressure combustor in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a metallic powder ignition combustion test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an external view of a metal powder ignition combustion test apparatus according to the present invention;
reference numbers in the figures:
1. a gas outlet; 2. a large observation window; 3. a porous foam sheet; 4. a fuel conduit; 5. an oxidant inlet; 6. a fuel inlet; 7. a fuel gas collection chamber; 8. a powder conduit; 9. a spark plug; 10. an upper furnace body; 11. a separator plate; 12. a lower furnace body; 13. steel balls; 14. a steel ball support plate; 15. a powder conduit sealed cavity; 16. a powder conduit sealing cover; 17. a powder conduit protection tube; 18. an oxidant gas collection chamber; 19. a foam board fixing screw; 20. a red copper seal gasket; 21. a throat spraying clamping sleeve; 22. spraying the throat; 23. a contraction section; 24. a red copper gasket; 25. an asbestos gasket; 26. a square pressing plate; 27. a pressure-bearing cover; 28. a spark plug gasket; 29. a pressure sensor; 30. a seal ring; 31. a circular pressing plate; 32. a small observation window; 33. a sealing groove; 34. a combustion chamber.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a test apparatus for metal powder ignition combustion in high-temperature gas, which includes a non-premixed burner and a combustion chamber 34, wherein the non-premixed burner and the combustion chamber 34 are hermetically connected together.
The non-premix burner includes a furnace body, and an oxidant passage, a fuel passage, and a powder passage provided in the furnace body independently of each other, through which oxidant, fuel, and metal powder are introduced into the combustion chamber 34 respectively to ignite and burn. The oxidant may be selected from oxygen, air and mixtures thereof, and the fuel may be selected from hydrocarbons, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and mixtures thereof, and the like. Since the oxidant and the fuel are supplied to the combustion chamber through separate passages, the burner can be set to a wide range of combustion conditions with high safety.
The oxidant and fuel in the non-premixed burner are supplied to the combustion chamber through different channels, and two gases are ignited and combusted in the combustion chamber to form a high-temperature gas environment. An independent fuel gas collecting cavity 7 is arranged in the furnace body, the fuel gas collecting cavity 7 is communicated with a fuel inlet 6, fuel enters the fuel gas collecting cavity 7 from the fuel inlet 6, the fuel gas collecting cavity 7 is communicated with a combustion chamber 34 through a pipeline, and fuel gas in the fuel gas collecting cavity 7 is introduced into the combustion chamber 34. An independent oxidant gas collecting cavity 18 is arranged in the furnace body, the oxidant gas collecting cavity 18 is communicated with an oxidant inlet 5, oxidant enters the oxidant gas collecting cavity 18 from the oxidant inlet 5, the oxidant gas collecting cavity 18 is communicated with a combustion chamber 34 through a pipeline, and the oxidant is introduced into the combustion chamber 34.
The powder passage is a powder conduit 8 which passes from the outside of the furnace body to the combustion chamber 34. The powder conduit 8 penetrates into the furnace body from the center of the bottom wall of the furnace body and then sequentially penetrates through the fuel gas collecting cavity 7 and the oxidant gas collecting cavity 18 to enter the combustion chamber 34.
The fuel gas collecting cavity 7 and the combustion chamber 34 in the embodiment are communicated in the following way: the fuel gas collecting cavity 7 is communicated with a plurality of fuel conduits 4, the gas outlet of each fuel conduit 4 extends into the combustion chamber 34, and the fuel gas in the fuel gas collecting cavity 7 is introduced into the combustion chamber 34 through the fuel conduits 4. Specifically, a partition plate 11 is arranged above a bottom wall in the furnace body, a closed space between the partition plate 11 and the bottom wall is a fuel gas collection chamber 7, a through hole for penetrating a fuel conduit 4 is formed in the partition plate 11, a porous foam plate 3 is arranged above the partition plate 11, and a cavity between the partition plate 11 and the porous foam plate 3 is an oxidant gas collection chamber 18. The porous foam plate 3 is provided with through holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the through holes on the isolation plate 11, the air inlet of each fuel conduit 4 is communicated with the fuel gas collection cavity 7, each fuel conduit 4 sequentially penetrates through the isolation plate 11 and the through holes on the porous foam plate 3, the air outlet of each fuel conduit 4 extends into the combustion chamber 34, the isolation plate 11 and the isolation plate 4 are in a sealing design, and the isolation plate 11 and the inner side wall of the furnace body as well as the porous foam plate 3 and the inner side wall of the furnace body are in a sealing design. The sealing structure design can be realized by one or two of a rubber sealing gasket/ring, a sealing adhesive, a sealing groove or/and a red copper sealing gasket.
In the present embodiment, the communication mode between the oxidant gas collecting cavity 18 and the combustion chamber 34 is as follows: the fuel conduit 4 is in clearance fit with the through holes of the porous foam plate 3, and the oxidant in the oxidant gas collecting cavity 18 enters the combustion chamber 34 through the clearance. The oxidant in the oxidant plenum 18 is further mixed between the external voids of the fuel conduits and the resulting uniformly mixed oxidant enters the combustion chamber through the porous foam sheet.
A spark plug 9 is arranged on one side wall of the combustion chamber, an outlet section at the downstream of the combustion chamber is of a contraction structure, the cross section area of the gas outlet 1 at the tail end is the smallest, so that the gas flow is in a blockage state, and the gas pressure in the combustion chamber is guaranteed to be constant. A large transparent observation window 2 is arranged on the wall surface of the combustion chamber, so that the metal powder in combustion can be conveniently observed. The device can be used for carrying out the experimental study on the ignition and combustion characteristics of the metal powder in a high-temperature gas environment.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 3 and 4, the present embodiment provides a non-premix burner including an upper furnace body 10, a lower furnace body 12, a partition plate 11, a porous foam plate 3, a fuel duct 4, steel balls 13, a powder duct 8, a powder duct protection pipe 17, a powder duct sealing cover 16, and supply pipes of an oxidant and a fuel, etc. The internal cavity of the lower furnace body 12 is a fuel gas-collecting cavity 7. All be equipped with fuel inlet 6 on the lateral wall of four sides of furnace body 12 down, the fuel is one or more fuel, and each fuel inlet 6 is let in after the outside fuel carries out preliminary mixing in the pipeline, gets into fuel gas-collecting chamber 7 from 4 lateral wall directions of furnace body 12 down. The fuel gas collecting cavity 7 is internally provided with a steel ball support plate 14, the steel ball support plate 14 is positioned above each fuel inlet 6, the steel ball support plate 14 divides the fuel gas collecting cavity 7 into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the plate surface of the steel ball support plate 14 is provided with a large number of air vents, an upper cavity on the steel ball support plate 14 is filled with a large number of steel balls 13, fuel enters the lower cavity of the fuel gas collecting cavity 7 from the fuel inlet 6, enters the upper cavity of the fuel gas collecting cavity 7 through the air vents on the steel ball support plate 14, the upper cavities filled with the steel balls 13 are fully mixed, and finally enters the combustion chamber 34 through the fuel guide.
The inner cavity of the upper furnace body 10 is an oxidant gas collecting cavity 18. All be equipped with oxidant entry 5 on the four sides lateral wall of last furnace body 10, the oxidant is one or more oxidant, and outside oxidant lets in each oxidant entry 5 after carrying out preliminary mixing in the pipeline, gets into oxidant gas-collecting chamber 18 from 4 lateral wall directions of last furnace body 10, further mixes between the outside space of fuel pipe 4, and the oxidant of final misce bene enters combustion chamber 34 through porous cystosepiment 3.
A powder conduit protection pipe 17 is externally sleeved on the powder conduit 8 in the furnace body. The powder conduit 8 penetrates into the furnace body from the center of the bottom wall of the lower furnace body 12 and then sequentially penetrates through the fuel gas collecting cavity 7 and the oxidant gas collecting cavity 18 to enter the combustion chamber 34, and a sealing structure is arranged between the powder conduit 8 and the bottom wall of the furnace body as well as between the powder conduit 8 and the partition plate 11. The powder guide pipe sealing cover 16 is arranged on the outer side of the bottom wall of the furnace body of the lower furnace body, a fine hole with the diameter of 1.8mm is formed in the powder guide pipe sealing cover 16, the powder guide pipe 8 penetrates through the fine hole, 704 white glue is filled in the powder guide pipe sealing cavity 15 on the inner side of the powder guide pipe sealing cover 16, and good sealing among the powder guide pipe 8, the powder guide pipe sealing cover 16 and the bottom wall of the furnace body is guaranteed.
The porous foam plate 3 is made of 316L stainless steel, through holes with the diameter of 1.2mm are uniformly distributed on the surface of the porous foam plate, the center distance between every two adjacent through holes is 2.0mm, the diameter of the through hole at the positive center of the porous foam plate 3 is 2.5mm, and the through hole is a mounting hole of the powder conduit protection tube 17. the isolation plate is made of stainless steel, the through holes with the diameter of 1.2mm are also uniformly distributed on the surface of the isolation plate, the center distance between every two adjacent through holes is 2.0mm, and the diameter of the through hole at the positive center is 2.5mm, and the isolation plate is a mounting hole of the powder conduit protection tube.
After a long time operation of the burner, there is a risk that the fuel conduit 4 and the porous foam plate 3 will be ablated. In the present invention, therefore, the porous foam sheet 3, the fuel conduit 4 and the partition plate 11 constitute a replaceable core of the burner. The upper furnace body 10, the isolation plate 11 and the lower furnace body 12 are sealed by a sealing groove provided with a rubber sealing ring. The isolation plate 11, the fuel guide pipe 4 and the powder supply guide pipe protection pipe 17 are fixed and sealed through methacrylate high-temperature-resistant glue. The porous foam plate 3 is limited in the upper furnace body 10 through a foam plate fixing screw 19, and a red copper sealing gasket 20 is arranged between the foam plate fixing screw 19 and the upper furnace body 10 to prevent gas leakage. To prevent the porous foam sheet 3 from being ablated by the high temperature gas, it was installed at a distance of 10mm from the upper surface of the burner.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 5, 6 and 7, the present embodiment provides a combustion chamber, which is a high-pressure combustion chamber, including a pressure-bearing cap 27, a constricted section 23, a throat 22, a large observation window 2, a small observation window 32, 2 circular observation windows, a spark plug 9, a pressure sensor 29, and the like. The main body of the high-pressure combustion chamber is a rectangular pressure bearing cover 27, and an observation window is arranged on the side wall surface of the high-pressure combustion chamber, so that the ignition combustion process of the metal powder can be conveniently observed by external combustion diagnosis equipment. Specifically, a large rectangular observation window 2 of quartz glass is mounted on one side surface of the combustion chamber 34, a small center-aligned circular observation window 2 is mounted on two opposite side wall surfaces, and a spark plug 9 and a pressure sensor 29 are disposed on the other side wall surface. The thickness of the square quartz glass of the large observation window 2 is 10mm, the square quartz glass is fixed by a square pressing plate 26, and asbestos gaskets 25 are arranged between the quartz glass and the square pressing plate 26 as well as between the quartz glass and the pressure-bearing cover 27, so that sealing is guaranteed. A plurality of layers of red copper gaskets 24 are arranged between the square pressing plate 26 and the pressure bearing cover 27, so that the pressing plate is prevented from deforming due to uneven stress in the process of mounting screws on the square pressing plate 26, and quartz glass is prevented from being extruded and damaged. The large observation window 2 is used for observing the whole process of metal powder ignition combustion. The quartz glass at the two small circular observation windows adopts the same sealing and fixing mode as the large observation window. Small observation windows 32 are located at the exit of the metal powder, one for the entrance of an external light source and the other for the initial state of the powder jet.
The outlet section of the combustion chamber is connected with a throat, the throat is made of graphite materials, the throat is connected with the contraction section through a throat clamping sleeve, the spray hole in the throat is also of a contraction structure, and the sectional area of the spray hole at the tail end of the spray hole is the smallest.
The outlet section downstream of the combustion chamber 34 is of a convergent structure, i.e. the outlet section is also the convergent section 23 of the combustion chamber, the cross-sectional area of the gas outlet at the extreme end of which is the smallest. The outlet section of the combustion chamber 34 is connected with a throat 22, the throat 22 is made of graphite materials, the throat 22 is connected with a contraction section 23 through a throat clamping sleeve 21, spray holes in the throat 22 are of contraction structures, and the cross section area of the spray hole at the tail end of each spray hole is the smallest. The contraction section is made of stainless steel material, and the throat spray is made of graphite material. The throat of the graphite material has a self-lubricating function, and combustion products are prevented from being deposited. The throat can be changed according to experimental conditions, and the inner profile structure and the size of the spray hole are adjusted. The pressure sensor is used for detecting the pressure of the combustion chamber, and when the pressure in the combustion chamber exceeds a threshold value, the oxidant and the fuel are cut off through the control system, so that the safety of the testing device is ensured.
Example 4:
referring to fig. 8 and 9, the present embodiment provides a test apparatus for metal powder ignition combustion in high temperature combustion gas, which includes the non-premixed burner provided in embodiment 2 and the combustion chamber provided in embodiment 3.
The non-premixed burner of example 4 is mainly composed of an upper furnace body 10, a lower furnace body 12, a partition plate 11, a porous foam plate 3, a fuel duct 4, steel balls 13, a powder duct 8, a powder duct protection pipe 17, a powder duct sealing cover 16, supply pipes for an oxidant and a fuel, and the like, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. Firstly, the porous foam board 3 and the isolation board 11 are fixed by using a fixture, and the alignment of holes on the two parts is ensured. Then, the fuel conduit 4 with the length of 75mm is inserted into the aligned holes of the two parts, and simultaneously, the lower surface of the partition plate 11 is coated with methacrylate high-temperature resistant glue, so that the fuel conduit 4 is fixed, and a gap between the fuel conduit 4 and the partition plate 11 is sealed. The whole body composed of the porous foam plate 3, the fuel guide pipe 4 and the isolation plate 11 is installed in the upper furnace body 10, and is limited by the foam plate fixing screw 19, so that the porous foam plate is prevented from moving. A red copper gasket 24 is arranged between the foam plate fixing screw 19 and the upper furnace body 10, and is pressed tightly through the fixing screw to ensure the sealing of the threaded hole. In the lower furnace body 12, steel balls 13 having a diameter of 4mm are first filled, and then the upper furnace body 10, the partition plate 11, and the like are mounted on the lower furnace body 12, and the powder duct 8 is directly passed through the lower furnace body 12. The upper furnace body 10, the isolation plate 11 and the lower furnace body 12 are sealed by rubber rings, and the three are compressed and fixed by screws. Finally, the powder conduit 8 with the outer diameter of 1.7mm and the inner diameter of 0.8mm is inserted into the powder conduit protection pipe 17 at the center of the burner. Meanwhile, a powder guide pipe sealing cover 16 is installed at the bottom of the lower furnace body of the burner, and glue 704 is poured into the powder guide pipe sealing cavity 15. The powder conduit sealing cover 16 and the lower furnace body 12 are sealed by a rubber ring and fastened by screws. After the glue 704 is cured, a seal between the powder conduit and the powder conduit sealing cap may be achieved. As shown in fig. 4, two rings of gas supply ducts are installed around the upper furnace body 10 and the lower furnace body 12, and the oxidant and the fuel are uniformly supplied to the burners from the side wall surfaces of the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body, respectively.
The combustion chamber in embodiment 4 is shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, and mainly comprises a pressure-bearing cover 27, a constricted section 23, a throat 22, a large observation window 2, a small observation window 32, 2 circular observation windows, a spark plug 9, a pressure sensor 29 and the like. The main body of the high-pressure combustion chamber is a pressure-bearing cover 27, and is connected with the non-premix burner through a flange on the pressure-bearing cover 27. The square observation window has the length of 294mm, the width of 54mm and the thickness of 10 mm. The diameter of the circular observation windows is 15mm, the thickness of the quartz glass is 10mm, and the central axes of the two circular observation windows are positioned near the metal powder outlet and used for observing parameters before the metal powder is ignited. The outlet of the combustion chamber is a through hole with a small diameter so as to block gas and establish the pressure in the combustion chamber. After the preset pressure of the combustion chamber, the proportion of the oxidant and the fuel and the flow are given, the diameter of the outlet of the combustion chamber can be calculated by utilizing a thermodynamic calculation result and a flow formula. The replaceable graphite nozzle is installed at the outlet of the combustion chamber, and the diameter of the outlet of the combustion chamber can be adjusted by replacing the nozzle. The graphite throat is fixed at the outlet of the combustion chamber through a throat-spraying clamping sleeve 21. The spark plug 9 is fixed below the side wall of the combustion chamber through a threaded hole, and a spark plug sealing gasket 28 is arranged between the spark plug 9 and the side wall to ensure sealing. Wherein the spark plug gasket 28 is a red copper gasket. The pressure sensor 29 is connected with the through hole on the side wall surface of the combustion chamber and is used for monitoring the pressure in the combustion chamber.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the non-premixed burner and the high pressure combustor are connected by flanges and sealed with a red copper gasket. The oxidant and the fuel of the test device are accurately controlled by a gas flow controller, and the pressure stability of the combustion chamber is ensured.
The test device for metal powder ignition combustion in high-temperature gas provided by the embodiment 4 is adopted, and the test process is as follows:
1. selecting a proper-size spray throat according to the test working condition, and presetting the flow value of the gas flow controller;
2. opening the oxidizer valve, opening the spark plug, and then opening the fuel valve;
3. closing the spark plug when the pressure of the gas in the combustion chamber is stable;
4. feeding metal powder, turning on a combustion diagnosis device, and recording the ignition combustion process of the metal powder;
5. closing the metal powder supply;
6. closing the fuel supply and then closing the oxidant supply;
7. and nitrogen is blown off from the combustion chamber, so that no fuel residue is ensured.
In summary, although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. The metal powder ignition combustion test device in the high-temperature gas is characterized by comprising a non-premixed burner and a combustion chamber, wherein the non-premixed burner and the combustion chamber are hermetically connected together; the non-premixed burner comprises a furnace body, and an oxidant passage, a fuel passage and a powder passage which are independently arranged in the furnace body, wherein the oxidant, the fuel and the metal powder respectively enter a combustion chamber through the oxidant passage, the fuel passage and the powder passage to be ignited and combusted; the outlet section at the downstream of the combustion chamber is of a contraction structure, and the sectional area of a gas outlet at the tail end is the smallest; the wall surface of the combustion chamber is provided with a transparent observation window.
2. The metal powder ignition combustion test device in the high-temperature gas as recited in claim 1, wherein the furnace body is of a split structure and comprises a plurality of sections of furnace body units which are hermetically connected end to end.
3. The device for testing the metal powder ignition combustion in the high-temperature fuel gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the furnace body is an integrally formed integral structure.
4. The device for testing ignition combustion of metal powder in high-temperature gas as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the powder passage is a powder conduit passing from the outside of the furnace body to the combustion chamber.
5. The metal powder ignition combustion test device in the high-temperature gas as recited in claim 4, wherein an independent fuel gas collection chamber is arranged in the furnace body, the fuel gas collection chamber is communicated with the fuel inlet, the fuel enters the fuel gas collection chamber from the fuel inlet, the fuel gas collection chamber is communicated with the combustion chamber through a pipeline, and the gas in the fuel gas collection chamber is introduced into the combustion chamber;
an independent oxidant gas collecting cavity is arranged in the furnace body, the oxidant gas collecting cavity is communicated with an oxidant inlet, an oxidant enters the oxidant gas collecting cavity from the oxidant inlet, and the oxidant gas collecting cavity is communicated with the combustion chamber through a pipeline to introduce the oxidant into the combustion chamber.
6. The metal powder ignition combustion test device in the high-temperature fuel gas as claimed in claim 5, wherein a plurality of fuel inlets and a plurality of oxidant inlets are provided, the plurality of fuel inlets are uniformly distributed on the peripheral furnace wall of the fuel gas collecting cavity, and the plurality of oxidant inlets are uniformly distributed on the peripheral furnace wall of the oxidant gas collecting cavity.
7. The device for testing metal powder ignition combustion in high-temperature fuel gas as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fuel gas collection chamber is communicated with a plurality of fuel conduits, the gas outlet of each fuel conduit extends into the combustion chamber, and the fuel gas in the fuel gas collection chamber is introduced into the combustion chamber through the fuel conduits.
8. The device for testing metal powder ignition combustion in high-temperature combustion gas according to claim 6, an isolation plate is arranged above the bottom wall in the furnace body, a closed space between the isolation plate and the bottom wall is a fuel gas collection cavity, the isolating plate is provided with a through hole for penetrating the fuel conduit, a porous foam plate is arranged above the isolating plate, a cavity between the isolating plate and the porous foam plate is an oxidant gas-collecting cavity, the porous foam board is provided with through holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the through holes on the isolation board, the air inlet of each fuel conduit is communicated with the fuel gas collection cavity, each fuel conduit sequentially penetrates through the isolation board and the through holes on the porous foam board, the air outlet of each fuel conduit extends into the combustion chamber, a sealing structure is arranged between each fuel conduit and the isolation board, and sealing structures are arranged between the isolation board and the inner side wall of the furnace body and between the porous foam board and the inner side wall of the furnace body.
9. The metal powder ignition combustion test device in high-temperature fuel gas of claim 8, wherein the fuel conduit is in clearance fit with the through holes on the porous foam plate, and the oxidant in the oxidant gas collecting cavity enters the combustion chamber through the clearance.
10. The metal powder ignition combustion test device in the high-temperature gas as claimed in claim 8, wherein a steel ball support plate is arranged inside the fuel gas collection chamber, the steel ball support plate is located above each fuel inlet, the steel ball support plate divides the fuel gas collection chamber into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a large number of air vents are arranged on the surface of the steel ball support plate, a large number of steel balls are filled in the upper chamber on the steel ball support plate, the fuel enters the lower chamber of the fuel gas collection chamber from the fuel inlets, enters the upper chamber of the fuel gas collection chamber through the air vents on the steel ball support plate, and is fully mixed in the upper chamber filled with the steel balls.
11. The metal powder ignition combustion test device in the high-temperature fuel gas as claimed in claim 8, wherein the powder channel penetrates into the furnace body from the center of the bottom wall of the furnace body, then sequentially penetrates through the fuel gas collecting cavity and the oxidant gas collecting cavity to enter the combustion chamber, and a sealing structure is arranged between the powder channel and the bottom wall of the furnace body and between the powder channel and the partition plate.
12. The device for testing the metal powder ignition combustion in the high-temperature gas as recited in claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber comprises a pressure-bearing cover, and the pressure-bearing cover is hermetically connected with a furnace body of the non-premixed burner; a spark plug and a pressure sensor are arranged on one side wall of the pressure-bearing cover; one side wall of the pressure-bearing cover is provided with a large observation window to realize the observation of the ignition combustion process of the metal powder by external combustion diagnosis equipment; two small observation windows with aligned centers are arranged on two opposite side walls of the pressure bearing cover, the two small observation windows correspond to the outlet positions of the powder channel, one window is used as an inlet of an external light source, and the other window is used for observing the initial state of the powder jet flow.
13. The metal powder ignition combustion test device in the high-temperature gas as recited in claim 12, wherein the outlet section of the combustion chamber is connected with a throat, the throat is made of graphite material, the throat is connected with the contraction section through a throat clamping sleeve, the nozzle hole in the throat is also of a contraction structure, and the cross-sectional area of the nozzle hole at the extreme end of the nozzle hole is the smallest.
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| CN112229943A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Single-camera-based spray flame synchronous observation method and system |
| CN113092659A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-09 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | High-temperature and high-pressure environment metal powder ignition combustion test device capable of working stably |
| CN114280219A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-05 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Multifunctional mixing combustion experimental device |
| CN114484495A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-05-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Thermoacoustic oscillation active control device based on metal particle addition |
| CN114705802A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-07-05 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | High-pressure chemical ignition combustion test equipment |
| CN117647616A (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-03-05 | 北京理工大学 | Thermal safety parameter measuring device for quick response of solid energetic material charge |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112229943A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Single-camera-based spray flame synchronous observation method and system |
| CN112229943B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-07-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Single-camera-based spray flame synchronous observation method and system |
| CN113092659A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-09 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | High-temperature and high-pressure environment metal powder ignition combustion test device capable of working stably |
| CN114705802A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-07-05 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | High-pressure chemical ignition combustion test equipment |
| CN114280219A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-05 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Multifunctional mixing combustion experimental device |
| CN114484495A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-05-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Thermoacoustic oscillation active control device based on metal particle addition |
| CN114484495B (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-07-01 | 北京航空航天大学 | Thermoacoustic oscillation active control device based on metal particle addition |
| CN117647616A (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-03-05 | 北京理工大学 | Thermal safety parameter measuring device for quick response of solid energetic material charge |
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