CN111442891A - Free vibration detection and oscillation starting device for beam body and using method - Google Patents
Free vibration detection and oscillation starting device for beam body and using method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The free vibration detection vibration starting device for the beam body comprises a rigid base, a shearing punch, a shearing pin, a shearing cylinder, buffer rubber and a spherical support, wherein a hydraulic cylinder body is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rigid base, an unloading oil port and a loading oil port of the hydraulic cylinder body are both connected with a hydraulic oil source, the hydraulic cylinder body is connected with one end of a hydraulic plunger through a piston, the shearing cylinder is of a structure with one closed end and one open end, the other end of the hydraulic plunger is coaxially sleeved with the open end of the shearing cylinder, the shearing punch is arranged on the other end face of the hydraulic plunger, the shearing punch is located in the shearing cylinder, the shearing pin is installed in a through hole formed in the wall of the shearing cylinder, the buffer rubber is arranged at the bottom of an inner hole of the shearing cylinder, and the spherical. The vibration starting device is composed of two parts, namely a static loading system and a gravity shearing vibration system, and the two systems are matched with each other, so that the purposes of quick loading, reliable test data, low test cost and the like are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of beam slab structure experiment devices, relates to a rapid vibration starting mode of free vibration of a beam body, and particularly relates to a free vibration detection vibration starting device of the beam body and a using method thereof. The vibration starting device can cause the vibration of the beam body instantly and conveniently in the detection process.
Background
In order to perform mechanical test analysis on data such as vibration modes of single bridge bodies of bridges, a vibration test of the bridge is one of experimental means for detecting whether major defects exist in structures such as beams and plates of the bridge, and the vibration test of the bridge has harsh test conditions and is often completed by a large-scale structural laboratory and a large-scale vibration starting device, and the large-scale laboratory can bend fingers nationwide and needs to consume a large amount of test cost. In addition, the experimental beam to be tested is extremely easy to damage in the transportation and transportation process due to the overlarge beam body, so that the deviation of the test result is caused. The traditional test method is expensive and difficult to transport, and the situation that the test result cannot completely reflect the health state of the healthy beam body is very easy to occur. Therefore, it is important to provide a free vibration detection and oscillation starting device for a beam body.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the device provides a free vibration detection starting device of a beam body and a using method. The technical scheme adopted by the device is that the beam body is warped upwards by utilizing hydraulic pressure, and the principle that the shear pin causes the vibration of the beam body is destroyed by utilizing the gravity static load of the beam body. The experimental device greatly reduces the dependence degree of the bridge structure vibration test on large-scale test equipment, improves the detection efficiency and reduces the test period and the test cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a free vibration detection of roof beam body starts device that shakes, includes rigid base, pneumatic cylinder body, hydraulic pressure plunger, shearing drift, shearing pin, cuts drum, cushion rubber and spherical bearing, rigid base upper surface rigid coupling has the pneumatic cylinder body, and the uninstallation hydraulic fluid port and the loading hydraulic fluid port of pneumatic cylinder body all are connected with the hydraulic oil source, be connected with hydraulic pressure plunger one end through the piston in the pneumatic cylinder body, cut the drum and seal the open structure of one end for one end, the hydraulic pressure plunger other end with cut the coaxial suit of the open end of drum, and the hydraulic pressure plunger is located the terminal surface of cutting one end in the drum and be provided with the shearing drift, install the shearing pin in the perforation that the section of thick bamboo wall of cutting the drum was seted up, cut the hole bottom of drum and be provided with cushion rubber.
The shearing pin is characterized in that a rigid support is installed on the outer side wall of the shearing cylinder, rigid hooks are uniformly welded on the rigid support, a long hole which is arranged along the axial direction is formed in the side wall of the shearing cylinder, the rigid hooks are connected with one end of elastic rubber, and the other end of the elastic rubber penetrates through the long hole to be sleeved on a shearing damage part of the shearing pin.
The shearing cylinder is characterized in that a single or a plurality of shearing pins are inserted into a through hole of the shearing cylinder, when the plurality of shearing pins are inserted into the shearing cylinder, the shearing pins are divided into shearing pin groups with equal diameters or shearing pin groups with different diameters, and the shearing pin groups at most consist of five shearing pins; when the shearing pin groups with different diameters are adopted, the diameters of the shearing pins are gradually increased from bottom to top along the shearing cylinder or the diameter size arrangement sequence of the shearing pins is artificially drawn up according to the test requirement.
The upper surface of the piston is provided with a buffer rubber pad, and the buffer rubber pad is sleeved on the hydraulic plunger.
A use method of a free vibration detection and oscillation starting device of a beam body comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the test beam on the fixable support, adjusting the positions of all components of the vibration starting device, and ensuring that the spherical support, the shearing cylinder, the shearing punch and the hydraulic plunger are aligned with the center of the test beam;
step 2: determining a test mode, and when the mode of a single shear pin is adopted for vibration starting, calculating and determining the diameter size of the shear pin according to the vibration starting load and a shear stress calculation formula; when the shear pin group with a plurality of shear pins is adopted for vibration starting, if the shear pin group with single load is adopted, calculating and determining the diameter size of the shear pin according to the axle weight of a test beam passing through a vehicle in the test design; if the shearing pin groups with different loads are adopted, calculating and determining the diameter size and the arrangement sequence of the shearing pins according to the axle weight of the vehicle which passes through the test beam in the test design;
and step 3: according to the test design, when vibration is started in a single shearing pin mode, the shearing pin with the determined diameter penetrates into a through hole of a shearing cylinder, and a static loading test is carried out; starting a hydraulic cylinder and a test system, carrying out upwarping loading on a test beam, controlling the upwarping value of the test beam to be within the safe value range of the damage of the test beam, when the loading force reaches the preset value of the test, instantaneously shearing and damaging a shearing pin, immediately generating a downwarping trend of the test beam under the influence of self gravity, causing the vibration of the test beam because the test beam is an elastic body, adopting a wireless bridge and a structure test system STS-WiFi test device in the vibration process, respectively connecting a plurality of nodes of the test device with a sensor, testing the strain, the deflection, the temperature and the acceleration of the tested beam, and recording and storing test data in a wireless communication mode;
when vibration is started by adopting a mode of a plurality of shear pins, if a plurality of groups of vibration tests are carried out by adopting single load, shear pin groups with the same diameter penetrate through the through holes of the shear cylinder, and if different loads are adopted for the vibration tests, shear pin groups with different diameters penetrate through the through holes according to test requirements; penetrating a plurality of shearing pins with determined diameters into corresponding through holes of the shearing cylinder, and connecting the positions to be sheared and damaged at the center of the shearing pins with rigid hooks of the shearing cylinder through elastic rubber while penetrating the shearing pin groups, so that after the pins are damaged, the damaged parts can be quickly taken out, and the vibration test result of the test beam is not influenced; carrying out a static loading test; starting a hydraulic cylinder and a test system, carrying out upwarping loading on a test beam, controlling the upwarping value of the test beam to be within the safety value range of damage of the test beam, and when the loading force reaches the preset value of the test, shearing and damaging the shear pins one by one from bottom to top so that the test beam starts to vibrate, and reloading after each vibration is finished until all the shear pins are damaged; in the vibration process, a wireless bridge and a structure test system STS-WiFi test device is adopted, a plurality of nodes of the test device are respectively connected with a sensor, the strain, deflection, temperature and acceleration of the tested beam are tested, and test data are recorded and stored in a wireless communication mode.
The device of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the vibration starting device is composed of two parts, namely a static loading system and a gravity shearing vibration system, and the two systems are matched with each other, so that the purposes of quick loading, reliable test data, low test cost and the like are achieved.
The vibration starting device can be used for carrying out a beam body vibration starting test under the condition of single-group force control and can also be used for carrying out a plurality of groups (at most 5 groups) of beam body quick vibration starting tests. The test beam vibration starting test mode of the single shear pin under the condition of force control is adopted, the operation is simple, and the disturbance caused by other factors is small. The test beam vibration test mode of a plurality of shear pins under the force control condition is adopted, the test beam vibration test of the plurality of shear pins under the action of single force can be rapidly and repeatedly tested, the test beam vibration test under the action of gradual change force can also be rapidly tested, repeated disassembly work is avoided, the hydraulic cylinder loading is restarted, and the lower group test can be carried out, so that the purposes of simplicity, rapidness, reduction of consumption of manpower and material resources and cost reduction are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a free vibration detection and start device for a beam body according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a front view of a shear cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a shear cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a shear cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a shear pin shear failure diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a free vibration detection and start device for a beam in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a free vibration detection and start device for a beam in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
1-spherical support, 2-buffer rubber, 3-shearing cylinder, 4-shearing pin, 5-shearing punch, 6-hydraulic plunger, 7-hydraulic oil cylinder, 8-rigid support, 9-test beam, 10-unloading oil port, 11-loading oil port, 12-hydraulic oil source, 13-rigid support, 14-rigid hook and 15-elastic rubber.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples so that the advantages and features of the device may be more readily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the protection of the device may be clearly and unequivocally defined.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the free vibration detection vibration starting device for the beam body comprises a rigid base, a hydraulic cylinder body, a hydraulic plunger, a shearing punch, a shearing pin, a shearing cylinder, buffer rubber and a spherical support, wherein the hydraulic cylinder body is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rigid base, an unloading oil port and a loading oil port of the hydraulic cylinder body are both connected with a hydraulic oil source, the hydraulic cylinder body is connected with one end of the hydraulic plunger through a piston, the shearing cylinder is of a structure with one closed end and one open end, the other end of the hydraulic plunger extends out of the hydraulic cylinder body and is coaxially sleeved with the open end of the shearing cylinder, the shearing punch is arranged on the end face of the hydraulic plunger at one end in the shearing cylinder, the shearing pin is arranged in a through hole formed in the cylinder wall of the shearing cylinder, the buffer rubber is arranged at the bottom of an inner hole of the shearing cylinder, the spherical support is arranged at the end of the closed end of the shearing cylinder, and the vibration starting device is provided with the length of ×, the width of 36.
The shearing pin is characterized in that a rigid support is installed on the outer side wall of the shearing cylinder, rigid hooks are uniformly welded on the rigid support, a long hole which is arranged along the axial direction is formed in the side wall of the shearing cylinder, the rigid hooks are connected with one end of elastic rubber, and the other end of the elastic rubber penetrates through the long hole to be sleeved on a shearing damage part of the shearing pin.
The shearing cylinder is characterized in that a single or a plurality of shearing pins are inserted into a through hole of the shearing cylinder, when the plurality of shearing pins are inserted into the shearing cylinder, the shearing pins are divided into shearing pin groups with equal diameters or shearing pin groups with different diameters, and the shearing pin groups at most consist of five shearing pins; when the shearing pin groups with different diameters are adopted, the diameters of the shearing pins are gradually increased from bottom to top along the shearing cylinder or the diameter size arrangement sequence of the shearing pins is artificially drawn up according to the test requirement.
The upper surface of the piston is provided with a buffer rubber pad, and the buffer rubber pad is sleeved on the hydraulic plunger.
Example 1
A use method of a free vibration detection and oscillation starting device of a beam body adopts a single shear pin mode to start oscillation, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the test beam on the fixable support, adjusting the position of each component of the vibration starting device, and ensuring that the spherical support, the shearing cylinder, the shearing punch and the hydraulic plunger are aligned with the center of the test beam, as shown in fig. 6;
step 2: adopting a single shear pin mode to start vibration, and calculating and determining the diameter size of the shear pin according to the vibration starting load and a shear stress calculation formula, wherein as shown in fig. 5, the diameter size calculation process of the shear pin is as follows:
wherein: f is the load acting on the test beam, FQShear force;
wherein: tau is shear stress, A is the cross-sectional area of the shear pin; when the shear stress tau reaches a limit value, the limit shear stress tau is reachedbAnd when the shear pin is subjected to shear failure, the calculation formula of the cross section area of the shear pin is as follows:
thus, the radius of the shear pin is calculated as:
and step 3: calculating to obtain the diameter of the single shear pin through the step 2, penetrating the shear pin into a through hole of the shear cylinder, and performing a static loading test; the method comprises the steps of starting a hydraulic cylinder and a test system, carrying out upwarping loading on a test beam, controlling the upwarping value of the test beam to be within the safe value range of damage of the test beam, enabling a hydraulic plunger in the hydraulic cylinder to continuously move upwards under the action of hydraulic oil until a shearing punch is contacted with a shearing pin, enabling the shearing pin to be instantaneously sheared and damaged when the loading force reaches a preset value of a test, enabling the test beam to be immediately downwarped under the influence of self gravity at the moment, and testing the vibration of the test beam due to the fact that the test beam is an elastic body.
Example 2
A use method of a free vibration detection and oscillation starting device of a beam body adopts a mode of shearing pin groups to start oscillation, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the test beam on a fixable support, adjusting the position of each component of the vibration starting device, and ensuring that the spherical support, the shearing cylinder, the shearing punch and the hydraulic plunger are aligned with the center of the test beam as shown in FIG. 1;
step 2: when the mode of the shear pin group of five shear pins is adopted for vibration starting, five groups of vibration tests are carried out by adopting a single load, the diameter size of the shear pin is calculated and determined by a shear stress calculation formula according to the load acting on the test beam, and the diameter size calculation process of the shear pin is as follows:
wherein: f is the load acting on the test beam, FQShear force;
wherein: tau is shear stress, A is the cross-sectional area of the shear pin; when the shear stress tau reaches a limit value, the limit shear stress tau is reachedbAnd when the shear pin is subjected to shear failure, the calculation formula of the cross section area of the shear pin is as follows:
thus, the radius of the shear pin is calculated as:
Example 3
A use method of a free vibration detection and oscillation starting device of a beam body adopts a mode of shearing pin groups to start oscillation, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the test beam on the fixable support, adjusting the position of each component of the vibration starting device, and ensuring that the spherical support, the shearing cylinder, the shearing punch and the hydraulic plunger are aligned with the center of the test beam, as shown in fig. 7;
step 2: when the mode of the shear pin group of five shear pins is adopted for vibration starting, different loads are applied to carry out five groups of vibration tests, the diameter size of the shear pin is calculated and determined through a shear stress calculation formula according to different loads acting on a test beam, and the diameter size calculation process of the shear pin is as follows:
wherein: f is the load acting on the test beam, FQShear force;
wherein: tau is shear stress, A is the cross-sectional area of the shear pin; when the shear stress tau reaches a limit value, the limit shear stress tau is reachedbAnd when the shear pin is subjected to shear failure, the calculation formula of the cross section area of the shear pin is as follows:
thus, the radius of the shear pin is calculated as:
step 3, when vibration is started in a mode of adopting a shearing pin group consisting of five shearing pins with different loads, five shearing pins with different diameters calculated in the step 2 are penetrated into a through hole of the shearing cylinder, the diameter size of the shearing pins is gradually increased from bottom to top, and when the shearing pins penetrate into the shearing pin group, the position to be sheared and damaged in the center of the shearing pins is connected with a rigid hook of the shearing cylinder through elastic rubber, so that after the pins are damaged, a damaged part can be quickly taken out, and the vibration test result of the beam body is not influenced; carrying out a static loading test; starting a hydraulic cylinder and a test system, performing upwarping loading on a test beam, controlling the upwarping value of the test beam to be within the safe value range of the damage of the test beam, continuously moving a hydraulic plunger in the hydraulic cylinder upwards under the action of hydraulic oil until a shearing punch is contacted with a shearing pin at the bottommost end, and when the loading force reaches a preset value of a test, shearing pins are sheared and damaged one by one from bottom to top, so that the test beam starts to vibrate, reloading is performed after each vibration is finished until all the shearing pins are damaged, and in the vibration process, adopting a wireless bridge and a structure test system STS-WiFi test device, connecting a plurality of 'nodes' of the test device with sensors respectively, testing the strain, deflection, temperature and acceleration of the tested beam, and recording and storing test data in a wireless communication mode.
Claims (5)
1. The free vibration detection vibration starting device of the beam body is characterized by comprising a rigid base, a hydraulic cylinder body, a hydraulic plunger, a shearing punch, a shearing pin, a shearing cylinder, buffer rubber and a spherical support, wherein the upper surface of the rigid base is fixedly connected with the hydraulic cylinder body, an unloading oil port and a loading oil port of the hydraulic cylinder body are both connected with a hydraulic oil source, the hydraulic cylinder body is connected with one end of the hydraulic plunger through a piston, the shearing cylinder is of a structure with one closed end and one open end, the other end of the hydraulic plunger is coaxially sleeved with the open end of the shearing cylinder, the end face of one end of the hydraulic plunger, which is located in the shearing cylinder, is provided with the shearing punch, the shearing pin is installed in a perforation formed in the wall of the shearing cylinder, the hole bottom of the inner hole of the shearing cylinder is provided.
2. The free vibration detection and excitation device of a beam body according to claim 1, wherein: the shearing pin is characterized in that a rigid support is installed on the outer side wall of the shearing cylinder, rigid hooks are uniformly welded on the rigid support, a long hole which is arranged along the axial direction is formed in the side wall of the shearing cylinder, the rigid hooks are connected with one end of elastic rubber, and the other end of the elastic rubber penetrates through the long hole to be sleeved on a shearing damage part of the shearing pin.
3. The free vibration detection and excitation device of a beam body according to claim 1, wherein: the shearing cylinder is characterized in that a single or a plurality of shearing pins are inserted into a through hole of the shearing cylinder, when the plurality of shearing pins are inserted into the shearing cylinder, the shearing pins are divided into shearing pin groups with equal diameters or shearing pin groups with different diameters, and the shearing pin groups at most consist of five shearing pins; when the shearing pin groups with different diameters are adopted, the diameters of the shearing pins are gradually increased from bottom to top along the shearing cylinder or the diameter size arrangement sequence of the shearing pins is artificially drawn up according to the test requirement.
4. The free vibration detection and excitation device of a beam body according to claim 1, wherein: the upper surface of the piston is provided with a buffer rubber pad, and the buffer rubber pad is sleeved on the hydraulic plunger.
5. The use method of the free vibration detection vibration device of the beam body based on the claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: placing the test beam on the fixable support, adjusting the positions of all components of the vibration starting device, and ensuring that the spherical support, the shearing cylinder, the shearing punch and the hydraulic plunger are aligned with the center of the test beam;
step 2: determining a test mode, and when the mode of a single shear pin is adopted for vibration starting, calculating and determining the diameter size of the shear pin according to the vibration starting load and a shear stress calculation formula; when the shear pin group with a plurality of shear pins is adopted for vibration starting, if the shear pin group with single load is adopted, calculating and determining the diameter size of the shear pin according to the axle weight of a test beam passing through a vehicle in the test design; if the shearing pin groups with different loads are adopted, calculating and determining the diameter size and the arrangement sequence of the shearing pins according to the axle weight of the vehicle which passes through the test beam in the test design;
and step 3: according to the test design, when vibration is started in a single shearing pin mode, the shearing pin with the determined diameter penetrates into a through hole of a shearing cylinder, and a static loading test is carried out; starting a hydraulic cylinder and a test system, carrying out upwarping loading on a test beam, controlling the upwarping value of the test beam to be within the safe value range of the damage of the test beam, when the loading force reaches the preset value of the test, instantaneously shearing and damaging a shearing pin, immediately generating a downwarping trend of the test beam under the influence of self gravity, causing the vibration of the test beam because the test beam is an elastic body, adopting a wireless bridge and a structure test system STS-WiFi test device in the vibration process, respectively connecting a plurality of nodes of the test device with a sensor, testing the strain, the deflection, the temperature and the acceleration of the tested beam, and recording and storing test data in a wireless communication mode;
when vibration is started by adopting a mode of a plurality of shear pins, if a plurality of groups of vibration tests are carried out by adopting single load, shear pin groups with the same diameter penetrate through the through holes of the shear cylinder, and if different loads are adopted for the vibration tests, shear pin groups with different diameters penetrate through the through holes according to test requirements; penetrating a plurality of shearing pins with determined diameters into corresponding through holes of the shearing cylinder, and connecting the positions to be sheared and damaged at the center of the shearing pins with rigid hooks of the shearing cylinder through elastic rubber while penetrating the shearing pin groups, so that after the pins are damaged, the damaged parts can be quickly taken out, and the vibration test result of the test beam is not influenced; carrying out a static loading test; starting a hydraulic cylinder and a test system, carrying out upwarping loading on a test beam, controlling the upwarping value of the test beam to be within the safety value range of damage of the test beam, and when the loading force reaches the preset value of the test, shearing and damaging the shear pins one by one from bottom to top so that the test beam starts to vibrate, and reloading after each vibration is finished until all the shear pins are damaged; in the vibration process, a wireless bridge and a structure test system STS-WiFi test device is adopted, a plurality of nodes of the test device are respectively connected with a sensor, the strain, deflection, temperature and acceleration of the beam to be tested are tested, and test data are recorded and stored in a wireless communication mode.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115683528A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-02-03 | 江苏广亚建设集团有限公司 | Bridge beam slab load testing device |
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