CN111442749B - Water immersion ultrasonic online bending measurement method - Google Patents
Water immersion ultrasonic online bending measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111442749B CN111442749B CN202010285742.9A CN202010285742A CN111442749B CN 111442749 B CN111442749 B CN 111442749B CN 202010285742 A CN202010285742 A CN 202010285742A CN 111442749 B CN111442749 B CN 111442749B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring contours or curvatures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water immersion ultrasonic online bending measuring method, which adopts a bar conveying device to enable a bar to be detected to simultaneously penetrate through two guide sleeves which are respectively arranged on two sides of a water immersion box and are coaxial with each other and move axially along the guide sleeves, a plurality of ultrasonic probes which are equidistant with the axis of the guide sleeves and distributed around the axis of the guide sleeves are arranged in the water immersion box, each ultrasonic probe measures the distance between each ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar from different directions when the bar moves for a certain distance, and finally the bending degree of the bar is judged according to the deviation of the measured value of the distance between each ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar and a theoretical value. The method utilizes the distance measurement function of ultrasonic waves to measure the bending degree of the bar, not only can ensure the measurement precision, but also can share the same equipment with the ultrasonic flaw detection of the water immersed bar so that the flaw detection and the bending detection are carried out simultaneously, thereby saving the equipment investment, effectively improving the detection efficiency of the bar and reducing the detection cost of the bar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for online measuring the bending degree of a bar by adopting ultrasonic waves, belonging to the technical field of measurement.
Background
With the progress of scientific technology, the nondestructive inspection technology is widely applied in various industries, and the safety, reliability and economy determine the important position of the nondestructive inspection technology.
The principle of ultrasonic flaw detection is that high-frequency electric pulses generated by a flaw detector are applied to an ultrasonic probe, and a piezoelectric wafer in the probe is excited to vibrate to generate ultrasonic waves. When the bar is immersed in water for ultrasonic flaw detection, ultrasonic waves transmitted in water at a certain speed firstly encounter the surface of the bar to generate interface echoes. And then refraction continues to propagate in the bar, when the bar encounters a defect, one part of sound wave is reflected back, the other part of sound wave continues to propagate forwards, and the sound wave also reflects back after encountering the bottom surface of the workpiece. When the echo reaches the probe, the ultrasonic wave is converted into an electric pulse through a piezoelectric wafer in the probe. The transmitted wave, interface echo, defect wave and bottom wave are amplified by the instrument and displayed on the fluorescent screen of the instrument, and then set by the gate and analyzed by data, thus achieving the purpose of flaw detection.
At present, bar ultrasonic flaw detection equipment is only used for bar flaw detection, and the bending degree of bars is measured by other equipment. Because the ultrasonic wave has the range finding function, the precision can reach 0.1mm, if can utilize this function, when carrying out ultrasonic inspection, through carrying out analysis processes to rod interface wave data and obtaining the crookedness information of this a rod, not only can save equipment investment, still can improve rod detection efficiency greatly. Therefore, it is necessary to find a method for measuring the bending of a bar on line by using ultrasonic waves.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water immersion ultrasonic online bending measuring method aiming at the defects of the prior art so as to reduce equipment investment and improve bar detection efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a water immersion ultrasonic on-line bending measuring method includes enabling a bar to be detected to simultaneously penetrate through two guide sleeves which are arranged on two sides of a water immersion box and are coaxial with each other by a bar conveying device and to move axially along the guide sleeves, arranging a plurality of ultrasonic probes which are equidistant to the axis of the guide sleeves and distributed around the axis of the guide sleeves in the water immersion box, measuring the distance between each ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar from different directions when the bar moves for a certain distance, and finally judging the bending degree of the bar according to the deviation between the measured value of the distance between each ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar and a theoretical value.
The water immersion ultrasonic online bending measurement method comprises the following steps:
a. calculating a theoretical value of the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar:
set the diameter of the bar to be detected as
The distance between the ultrasonic probe and the axis of the guide sleeve is
Ultrasonic probe and bar meterTheoretical value of distance between faces
Comprises the following steps:
b. the bar conveying device drives the bar to be detected to move axially along the guide sleeve, every time the bar moves for a certain distance, the ultrasonic probes measure the distance between the ultrasonic probes and the surface of the bar from different directions, and the number of the ultrasonic probes is set as
Within the range of the detection length, the number of times of acquiring data by each ultrasonic probe is
By using
The j-th measurement value of the distance between the ith ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar is represented, and the deviation of the measurement value of the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar and a theoretical value is calculated
（i=1,2，…，n；j=1,2，…，m）：
c. Find out
Maximum value of absolute value of
Then, then
The curvature of the bar can be represented.
According to the water immersion ultrasonic online bending measurement method, a plurality of ultrasonic probes distributed around the axis of the guide sleeve are uniformly distributed along a spiral line coaxial with the guide sleeve.
According to the water immersion ultrasonic online bending measurement method, the ultrasonic probes are arranged in pairs, the two ultrasonic probes in each pair are respectively positioned on two sides of the axis of the guide sleeve, and when the measured values of the distances from the two ultrasonic probes in the same pair to the two sides of the same position of the bar are opposite to the deviation of the theoretical values, only the deviation data with small absolute values are reserved, and the deviation data with large absolute values are omitted.
According to the water immersion ultrasonic online bending measurement method, the bar material conveying device comprises a front pinch roll and a rear pinch roll which are respectively arranged at the front part and the rear part of the water immersion box.
According to the water immersion ultrasonic online bending measurement method, the ultrasonic probe is a phased array ultrasonic probe.
According to the water immersion ultrasonic online bending measurement method, a sealing rubber gasket is arranged between the side wall of the water immersion box and the bar to be detected.
According to the water immersion ultrasonic online bending measurement method, the inner diameter of the guide sleeve is 0.4mm larger than the diameter of the bar to be detected.
The method utilizes the distance measurement function of ultrasonic waves to measure the bending degree of the bar, not only can ensure the measurement precision, but also can share the same equipment with the ultrasonic flaw detection of the water immersed bar so that the flaw detection and the bending detection are carried out simultaneously, thereby saving the equipment investment, effectively improving the detection efficiency of the bar and reducing the detection cost of the bar.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a measuring device used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of an ultrasound probe;
fig. 4 is a left side view of fig. 3.
The reference numbers in the figures are as follows: 1. the ultrasonic probe comprises a front pinch roll, 2, a bar, 3, a front guide sleeve, 4, an ultrasonic probe, 4-1, a first probe, 4-2, a second probe, 4-3, a third probe, 4-4, a fourth probe, 4-5, a fifth probe, 4-6, a sixth probe, 5, a rear guide sleeve, 6, a rear pinch roll, 7 and a water immersion box.
The symbols used herein are:
in order to determine the diameter of the rod to be detected,
is the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the axis of the guide sleeve,
is a theoretical value of the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar,
in order to be able to count the number of ultrasound probes,
the number of times data is acquired for each ultrasound probe,
is the j-th measurement of the distance between the ith ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar,
is the deviation of the measured value of the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar from the theoretical value,
is composed of
Maximum value of absolute value of.
Detailed Description
The method judges the bending condition of the bar by monitoring and analyzing the position information of the interfacial waves of the bar, and is suitable for water immersion fixed array ultrasonic equipment.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the equipment adopted by the invention is basically the same as the water immersion bar ultrasonic flaw detection equipment, and mainly comprises a front pinch roll 1, a front guide sleeve 3, an ultrasonic probe 4, a rear guide sleeve 5, a rear pinch roll 6 and a water immersion box 7.
The invention adopts the phased array ultrasonic technology, a circle of ultrasonic probes 4 are arranged on the circumference of a bar, the ultrasonic probes 4 and guide sleeves (including a front guide sleeve 3 and a rear guide sleeve 5) are both installed and fixed in equipment, and the requirement on centering precision is higher and is usually about 0.2 mm. The bar is transmitted by V-shaped pinch rollers (comprising a front pinch roller 1 and a rear pinch roller 6) on two sides of a host machine of the flaw detection equipment, the host machine of the flaw detection equipment is located on a platform, the height of the host machine can be automatically adjusted along with the platform according to different specifications of the bar, so that the central line of the bar with the specification on the V-shaped pinch rollers is superposed with the central line of the host machine, meanwhile, the inlet and the outlet of the host machine are both provided with centering guide sleeves, the guide sleeves are of annular structures, the bar penetrates through an inner ring, the inner diameter of each guide sleeve is 0.4mm larger than the diameter of the bar, and the centering precision is guaranteed to be +/-0.2 mm. When the bar is positioned in the water immersion tank 7 of the host, the vertical incident longitudinal wave emitted by the ultrasonic probe 4 is transmitted to the surface of the bar through the coupling water, and the reflected wave is the interface wave. The coupling water is in a water immersion type or a rotary water jacket type, and sealing rubber pads are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of a water immersion tank 7 of the main machine, so that the loss of the coupling water is avoided. In flaw detection software, a monitoring gate is added at an interface wave position, and then the distance information from the ultrasonic probe 4 to the surface of the bar can be obtained.
The ultrasonic probes 4 are phased array ultrasonic probes, each phased array ultrasonic probe detects different areas of the round section of the bar, and all the ultrasonic probes cover the whole round section of the bar. Different ultrasonic probes are spaced along the axial direction of the bar, namely any two ultrasonic probes are not in the same plane vertical to the axis of the guide sleeve, so that mutual interference is avoided, and the plurality of ultrasonic probes simultaneously excite to work. During detection, the influence of the spacing distance is removed through software, so that all the ultrasonic probes form full-section detection at the same position of the bar. Fig. 3 and 4 show the arrangement method of six ultrasonic probes 4, in which the six ultrasonic probes are uniformly distributed along a spiral line coaxial with the guide sleeve, the six ultrasonic probes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction around the bar, and the six ultrasonic probes are distributed at equal intervals in the axial direction of the guide sleeve. The first probe 4-1 and the fourth probe 4-4 are in a pair and are respectively positioned above and below the axis (or bar) of the guide sleeve, the second probe 4-2 and the fifth probe 4-5 are in a pair, the third probe 4-3 and the sixth probe 4-6 are in a pair, and the two ultrasonic probes of the same pair are respectively positioned at two sides of the axis of the guide sleeve. In the axial direction of the guide sleeve, the first probe 4-1 to the sixth probe 4-6 are arranged in sequence at the same interval along the axial direction of the guide sleeve.
The phased array ultrasonic probe is generally composed of 128 wafers, one group of wafers (such as 16 or 32 wafers) can form a virtual probe through electronic control, and adjacent virtual probes are separated by one step, for example, when 32 wafers and 2 wafer steps are adopted, the virtual probe is formed to be 1-32, 3-34, 5-36 … … 95-126 and 97-128, and the total number is 49. 49 virtual probes in the same phased array ultrasonic probe are generally required to be excited in a time-sharing mode, mutual interference of sound waves is avoided, the distance of the 49 virtual probes in the length direction of the bar is called as axial pulse density in the detection process, therefore, in an axial pulse density range (usually, 10mm or 20mm can be set), distance information from all ultrasonic probes in the circumferential direction to the surface of the bar can be obtained, the distance information is compared with a theoretical value of the distance from the probe to the surface of the bar, when a deviation value of detection data of a certain ultrasonic probe occurs, if the deviation of the symmetrical probe is opposite to the deviation of the symmetrical probe, the influence of the ovality of the bar is considered, and the bending degree information in the pulse density range can be obtained by taking the minimum difference (absolute value). The maximum bending information collected in the range of every 1m in length is the bending data per meter. During industrial production, the bars are subjected to flaw detection continuously, so that the measurement of the bending data of each meter of the bars can be dynamically realized, and the maximum bending data of the bars can be obtained by taking the maximum numerical value.
And similarly, obtaining the maximum bending information in all the pulse density ranges in the full-length range of the bar, and obtaining the total length bending information of the bar.
The bending measuring method can detect bending data at any time while detecting the flaw of the bar.
The bending measuring method comprises the following steps:
A. and setting an interface echo gate in the detection software, and acquiring interface echo position information of the interface echo gate at any time.
B. The measured interface echo position data in a pulse density range is compared with a theoretical value of the distance from the probe to the surface of the bar, and when the data of a certain probe is deviated, if the data of a symmetrical probe (the other probe in the same pair) is opposite to the deviation, the influence of the ovality of the bar is considered, and the bending information in the pulse density range can be obtained by taking the minimum difference (absolute value).
C. For example, the axial pulse density is set to 10mm, and the maximum difference of the measured bending information per 100 pulse densities is the dynamic bending data per meter. And taking the maximum value as the maximum bending degree per meter of the bar.
D. And similarly, the maximum curvature difference value information in all pulse density ranges in the full-length range of the bar is obtained, and the curvature data in the full-length range of the bar can be measured.
E. According to the axial pulse information generating the maximum per meter bending degree or the maximum total length bending degree, the specific bending position of the bar in the length direction can be obtained.
For example, a rod phased array ultrasound system of a company, the probe is fixed to a diaphragm, the guide sleeve is fixed to a flange, and the diaphragm and the flange are installed in a mainframe. The equipment is provided with 6 probes of two models R48 and R92, taking the example that the R92 probe detects a bar material phi 80mm multiplied by 4m, the probe represents that the distance from the probe to the center of the equipment is 92mm, so the distance from the probe to the surface of the bar material is 92-80/2=52 mm. The device has a 50mm blind area due to the influences of shaking and coupling of the end of the bar and the like, and collects interfacial wave position data from the 50mm blind area of the end, when the axial pulse density is set to be 10mm, namely, the first scanning of the bar by all the probes is completed within the length range of 50-60mm, the data of the corresponding probes are compared, if the first probe 4-1 and the fourth probe 4-4 collect the maximum distance difference information, when the bar is detected to 1050mm, the collection of 100 axial pulse densities is completed, and the maximum difference of the 100 data is taken, namely the data of the curvature per meter at the position. By analogy, the curvature data of every 1m is dynamically collected at 60-1060mm and 70-1070mm … … until the detection is finished, 290 times of per-meter curvature data analysis is completed from 50mm to 2950mm, the maximum value is the maximum per-meter curvature of the bar, and the bending part is judged according to the position information of the bar in the length direction. Similarly, 390 bending data are collected in total from 50mm to 3950mm, and the maximum difference is the total length bending.
Compared with other bending measuring methods, the invention has the characteristics of simple equipment structure, low investment, capability of dynamically measuring bending information in real time while detecting flaws, accurate bending data, specific positioning and wide application range.
Claims (7)
1. A water immersion ultrasonic online bending measuring method is characterized in that a bar conveying device is adopted to enable a bar to be detected to simultaneously penetrate through two guide sleeves which are arranged on two sides of a water immersion box (7) and are coaxial with each other and move axially along the guide sleeves, a plurality of ultrasonic probes (4) which are equidistant with the axis of the guide sleeves and distributed around the axis of the guide sleeves are arranged in the water immersion box (7), the plurality of ultrasonic probes (4) distributed around the axis of the guide sleeves are uniformly distributed along a spiral line which is coaxial with the guide sleeves, the distance between each ultrasonic probe (4) and the surface of the bar is measured from different directions when the bar moves for a certain distance, and finally the bending degree of the bar is judged according to the deviation of the measured value of the distance between each ultrasonic probe (4) and the surface of the bar and a theoretical value.
2. The water immersion ultrasonic online bending measurement method as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
a. calculating a theoretical value of the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar material:
set the diameter of the bar to be detected as
The distance between the ultrasonic probe (4) and the axis of the guide sleeve is
Theoretical value of the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar
Comprises the following steps:
b. the bar conveying device drives the bar to be detected to move axially along the guide sleeve, each ultrasonic probe (4) measures the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar from different directions when the bar moves for a certain distance, the number of the ultrasonic probes (4) is set to be n, the number of times of data acquisition of each ultrasonic probe (4) in the detection length range is set to be m, and the ultrasonic probes are used for detecting the distance between the bar and the surface of the bar
The j-th measurement value of the distance between the ith ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar is represented, and the deviation of the measurement value of the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the surface of the bar and a theoretical value is calculated
（i=1,2，…，n；j=1,2，…，m）：
c. Find out
Maximum value of absolute value of
Then, then
The curvature of the bar can be represented.
3. The water immersion ultrasonic online bending measurement method according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic probes (4) are arranged in pairs, the two ultrasonic probes (4) of each pair are respectively positioned at two sides of the axis of the guide sleeve, during detection, the influence of the spacing distance is removed through software, so that all the ultrasonic probes form full-section detection at the same part of the bar, and when the deviation of the measured value of the distance from the two ultrasonic probes (4) of the same pair to the two sides of the same part of the bar is opposite to the theoretical value, only the deviation data with a small absolute value is reserved, and the deviation data with a large absolute value is discarded.
4. A water immersion ultrasonic on-line bending measurement method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the bar material conveying device comprises a front pinch roll (1) and a rear pinch roll (6) which are respectively installed at the front part and the rear part of the water immersion tank (7).
5. A water immersion ultrasonic on-line bending measurement method according to claim 4, wherein the ultrasonic probe (4) is a phased array ultrasonic probe.
6. A water immersion ultrasonic online bending measurement method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that a sealing rubber gasket is arranged between the side wall of the water immersion tank (7) and the bar to be detected.
7. The water immersion ultrasonic online bending measurement method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inner diameter of the guide sleeve is 0.4mm larger than the diameter of the bar to be detected.
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