CN111440038B - Emulsion explosive capable of quickly adjusting hardness and viscosity and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Emulsion explosive capable of quickly adjusting hardness and viscosity and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111440038B
CN111440038B CN202010504519.9A CN202010504519A CN111440038B CN 111440038 B CN111440038 B CN 111440038B CN 202010504519 A CN202010504519 A CN 202010504519A CN 111440038 B CN111440038 B CN 111440038B
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emulsion explosive
parts
viscosity
matrix
emulsion
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CN111440038A (en
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陈龙
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C06B31/28Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
    • C06B31/285Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with fuel oil, e.g. ANFO-compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/002Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
    • C06B23/004Chemical sensitisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/009Wetting agents, hydrophobing agents, dehydrating agents, antistatic additives, viscosity improvers, antiagglomerating agents, grinding agents and other additives for working up

Abstract

The invention discloses an emulsion explosive capable of quickly adjusting hardness and viscosity and a preparation method thereof. The invention can realize the viscosity adjustment of the emulsion explosive within 20s, the adjustable range of the viscosity of the on-site mixed emulsion explosive at 40 ℃ is 30000 CP-200000 CP, and the adjustable range of the hardness of the packaged emulsion explosive at 25 ℃ is 9 mm-38 mm; has the characteristics of high adjusting speed and wide adjusting range. Under the condition of not increasing the pumping pressure of emulsion explosive equipment, the invention solves the problem that the existing coiled emulsion explosive is soft in the production and use processes, and also solves the problem of explosive leakage of the existing on-site mixed emulsion explosive loaded into an upper hole.

Description

Emulsion explosive capable of quickly adjusting hardness and viscosity and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of civil blasting equipment, and particularly relates to an emulsion explosive capable of quickly adjusting hardness and viscosity and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The existing packaged emulsion explosive matrix has low viscosity, so that the cartridge is soft and easy to deform, particularly, the cartridge with the diameter larger than 40mm is soft, the error rate of an automatic packaging process of a production line is greatly increased due to the soft cartridge, manual intervention is frequent, and difficulty is brought to production. Meanwhile, the soft explosive state makes the explosive loading on the blasting site difficult, and the explosive loading efficiency and the control of the explosive loading are seriously influenced, so that the explosive loading cost is increased.
In the prior art, the viscosity and hardness of an emulsion matrix are improved by increasing the content of an emulsifier and microcrystalline wax in an emulsion explosive. However, the increased viscosity and hardness of the latex matrix increases the pumping pressure of the equipment during the production process, and the yield cannot reach the ideal state. The method for improving the viscosity and the hardness of the explosive by sacrificing productivity is not accepted by enterprises and is not beneficial to production safety.
According to the existing field explosive mixing technology, if the viscosity of the matrix is too high, the pumping efficiency of the emulsion matrix is reduced, the emulsion matrix in explosive charging equipment is seriously hung on the wall, the treatment cost is increased, and the safety is not facilitated. If the viscosity of the matrix is too low, the sensitized matrix is not beneficial to fixing and remaining bubbles, the explosive performance is low, and when the explosive is loaded into an upper hole in the well, the explosive is easy to leak out of a blast hole, the loading is not in place, the blasting effect is influenced, and the safety of the underground blasting operation is threatened.
At present, the technical idea for solving the above problems is to prepare a low viscosity latex matrix by using a low viscosity mechanical oil and reducing the content of an emulsifier, and then to contain Mg2+、Al3+、Ca2+An aqueous sensitizer solution of the compound of (1)The method has certain feasibility theoretically, but has slow viscosity index regulation rate and poor regulation effect, and is not popularized at present.
Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an emulsion explosive which has better safety, ideal capacity, capability of meeting market demands and capability of rapidly adjusting hardness and viscosity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the existing emulsion explosive production and application technology, the invention provides an emulsion explosive capable of quickly adjusting hardness and viscosity and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problem that the existing coiled emulsion explosive is soft in the explosive state in the production and use processes and also solve the problem of explosive leakage of the existing on-site mixed emulsion explosive to charge upwards holes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an emulsion explosive capable of quickly adjusting hardness and viscosity is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 96-99.7: 0.3-4 parts of latex matrix and sensitizer solution;
the emulsion matrix is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 92.5-95: 5-7.5 of water phase solution and oil phase solution;
the aqueous phase solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65-85 parts of ammonium nitrate, 0-12.9 parts of sodium nitrate, 0.1-1 part of an acidic compound and 8-22 parts of water;
the oil phase solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0-60 parts of combustible, 20-80 parts of carboxyl compound and 20-50 parts of emulsifier;
the sensitizer solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-31.3 parts of hydroxide, 2-35 parts of sodium nitrite and 50-93.4 parts of water.
More preferably, the acidic compound is one or more of citric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid.
More preferably, the combustible is one or more of paraffin, microcrystalline wax, beeswax, machine oil, vaseline, white oil, asphalt and rosin.
More preferably, the carboxyl compound is one or more of long-chain fatty acid and polymer of the long-chain fatty acid; the long-chain fatty acid and the polymer of the long-chain fatty acid comprise oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, dimer acid and the like.
More preferably, the emulsifier is one or more of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride derivative and sorbitan monooleate; the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride derivatives comprise polyisobutylene succinic acid triethanolamine ester, polyisobutylene succinic acid glyceride, polyisobutylene succinic acid diethanol amine ester, polyisobutylene succinic acid sorbitan ester, polyisobutylene succinic acid sorbitol ester and the like.
More preferably, the hydroxide is one or more of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
A preparation method of an emulsion explosive with rapidly adjustable hardness and viscosity comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of an aqueous phase: uniformly stirring ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, an acidic compound and water according to the proportion, heating, and preserving heat to obtain an aqueous phase solution;
(2) preparing an oil phase: uniformly stirring the combustible, the carboxyl compound and the emulsifier according to the proportion, heating and preserving heat to obtain an oil phase solution;
(3) preparation of a sensitizer: uniformly stirring the hydroxide, the sodium nitrite and the water according to the proportion to obtain a sensitizer solution;
(4) preparing a latex matrix: mixing the water phase solution obtained in the step (1) and the oil phase solution obtained in the step (2) in a mass ratio of 92.5-95: 5-7.5, feeding the mixture into an emulsifier for full emulsification to prepare a latex matrix;
(5) sensitization: and (3) mixing the latex matrix obtained in the step (4) and the sensitizer solution obtained in the step (3) in a mass ratio of 96-99.7: and (3) fully mixing in a ratio of 0.3-4 to complete the sensitization of the emulsion matrix, thereby preparing the emulsion explosive.
More preferably, the heating temperature in the step (1) is 80-110 ℃.
More preferably, the heating temperature in the step (2) is 50-110 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, a carboxyl compound is added into an emulsion explosive oil phase, and a low-viscosity emulsion matrix is prepared from the oil phase. At the same time, a metal hydroxide is added to the aqueous sensitizer solution. Mixing the aqueous solution of the sensitizer with the latex matrix through a sensitizing machine to enable a carboxyl compound in the latex matrix to react with a metal hydroxide to generate a solid product carboxylate; thereby improving the viscosity and hardness of the emulsion explosive. In the final process of manufacturing the emulsion explosive, the sensitizer aqueous solution added with the metal hydroxide is mixed with the low-viscosity emulsion matrix to achieve the purpose of increasing the viscosity and the hardness of the emulsion explosive. The viscosity of the latex matrix does not need to be increased during the production process, and therefore the pumping pressure of the equipment is not increased.
2. The invention can realize the viscosity adjustment of the emulsion explosive within 20s, and the adjustable range of the viscosity of the on-site mixed emulsion explosive at 40 ℃ is 30000 CP-200000 CP. Has the characteristics of high adjusting speed and wide adjusting range. Meanwhile, the emulsion matrix with lower viscosity and better fluidity can be manufactured by reducing the using amount of the emulsifier, and is stored in a large storage tank and pumped into a charging device when in use, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is saved.
3. The hardness and viscosity of the emulsion explosive produced by the method can meet the requirements of production and use of the emulsion explosive, the error rate and the manual intervention degree of an automatic packaging process of a production line are reduced, the production safety is improved, the blasting effect is ensured, and the safety problem of blasting operation is reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
Firstly, 650kg of ammonium nitrate, 129kg of sodium nitrate, 1kg of nitric acid and 220kg of water are weighed and added into a water phase tank to be uniformly stirred, and the mixture is heated to 80 ℃ and then is kept warm for standby. 60.86kg of oleic acid, 1kg of linoleic acid, 1kg of stearic acid, 1kg of linolenic acid, 1kg of dimer acid, 1kg of sorbitan monooleate and 15.22kg of polyisobutylene succinic acid triethanolamine ester are weighed and added into a small oil phase tank to be uniformly stirred, heated to 50 ℃ and then kept warm for standby. 2.15kg of sodium hydroxide, 1kg of potassium hydroxide, 0.9kg of sodium nitrite and 40.95kg of water are weighed and added into a sensitizing agent tank, and stirred and dissolved for later use.
And secondly, emulsifying the water-phase material and the oil-phase material which are prepared into a water-in-oil type emulsion matrix through an emulsifier, and directly pumping the produced emulsion matrix into a matrix bin of the on-site mixing and loading vehicle. The temperature of the latex matrix is about 80 ℃. The viscosity of the matrix measured at 40 ℃ was 30000CP, and the latex matrix was cooled to 40 ℃ and ready for vertical charge to the upper hole.
Thirdly, opening the explosive charging equipment, respectively conveying the aqueous solution of the sensitizer and the emulsion matrix into an explosive charging pipeline, uniformly mixing the aqueous solution of the sensitizer and the emulsion matrix in a static mixer at the tail end of the explosive charging equipment, wherein the pressure of a matrix conveying pump is about 0.75MPa, the viscosity of the emulsion explosive is 110000CP after 20s, and the density of the emulsion explosive is 1.12g/cm after 20min3The detonation velocity was 4850 m/s. After the charging is finished, the blast hole has no leakage phenomenon through inspection, and no residual wall hanging phenomenon exists in a matrix bin of charging equipment.
Example 2
Firstly, weighing 700kg of ammonium nitrate, 100kg of sodium nitrate, 3kg of citric acid and 197kg of water, adding the materials into a water phase tank, uniformly stirring, heating to 110 ℃, and then preserving heat for later use. Weighing 6.95kg of white oil, 27.8kg of oleic acid and 34.759kg of polyisobutylene succinic acid glyceride, adding into a small oil phase tank, stirring uniformly, heating to 80 ℃, and keeping the temperature for later use. 0.21kg of sodium hydroxide, 1.2kg of sodium nitrite and 19.98kg of water are weighed and added into a sensitizing agent tank, and stirred and dissolved for later use.
And secondly, emulsifying the water-phase material and the oil-phase material which are prepared into a water-in-oil type emulsion matrix through an emulsifier, and directly pumping the produced emulsion matrix into a matrix bin of the on-site mixing and loading vehicle. The temperature of the latex matrix is about 110 ℃. The viscosity of the matrix was measured to be 40000CP at 40 deg.C, and the latex matrix was cooled to 40 deg.C and then charged vertically upward.
Thirdly, starting the explosive charging equipment, respectively conveying the aqueous solution of the sensitizer and the emulsion matrix into an explosive charging pipeline, uniformly mixing the aqueous solution of the sensitizer and the emulsion matrix in a static mixer at the tail end of the explosive charging equipment, wherein the pressure of a matrix conveying pump is about 0.80MPa, the viscosity of the emulsion explosive is 70000CP after 20s, and the density of the emulsion explosive is 1.13g/cm after 20min3The detonation velocity was 4920 m/s. After the charging is finished, the blast hole has no leakage phenomenon through inspection, and no residual wall hanging phenomenon exists in a matrix bin of charging equipment.
Example 3
Firstly, weighing 700kg of ammonium nitrate, 100kg of sodium nitrate, 3kg of citric acid and 197kg of water, adding the materials into a water phase tank, uniformly stirring, heating to 100 ℃, and then preserving heat for later use. 46.27kg of oleic acid and 19.83kg of polyisobutylene succinic acid diethanol amine ester are weighed and added into a small oil phase tank to be uniformly stirred, and the mixture is heated to 80 ℃ and then is kept warm for standby. 3.14kg of sodium hydroxide, 1.2kg of sodium nitrite and 16.982kg of water are weighed and added into a sensitizer tank, and stirred and dissolved for later use.
And secondly, emulsifying the water-phase material and the oil-phase material which are prepared into a water-in-oil type emulsion matrix through an emulsifier, and directly pumping the produced emulsion matrix into a matrix bin of the on-site mixing and loading vehicle. The temperature of the latex matrix is about 100 ℃. The viscosity of the substrate was measured at 40 ℃ to be 32000CP, and the latex substrate was cooled to 40 ℃ and then charged vertically upward.
Thirdly, opening the explosive charging equipment, respectively conveying the aqueous solution of the sensitizer and the emulsion matrix into an explosive charging pipeline, uniformly mixing the aqueous solution of the sensitizer and the emulsion matrix in a static mixer at the tail end of the explosive charging equipment, wherein the pressure of a matrix conveying pump is about 0.72MPa, the viscosity of the emulsion explosive is 130000CP after 20s, and the density of the emulsion explosive is 1.15g/cm after 20min3The detonation velocity was 4810 m/s. After the charging is finished, the blast hole has no leakage phenomenon through inspection, and no residual wall hanging phenomenon exists in a matrix bin of charging equipment.
Example 4
Firstly, 680kg of ammonium nitrate, 120kg of sodium nitrate, 2kg of citric acid and 198kg of water are weighed and added into a water phase tank to be uniformly stirred, and the mixture is heated to 90 ℃ and then is kept warm for standby. 20.855kg of white oil, 27.8kg of oleic acid and 20.855kg of polyisobutene succinic acid sorbitan ester are weighed and added into a small oil phase tank to be uniformly stirred, heated to 100 ℃ and then kept warm for standby. 3.94kg of sodium hydroxide, 1.3kg of sodium nitrite and 26.845kg of water are weighed and added into a sensitizer tank, and stirred and dissolved for later use.
And secondly, emulsifying the water phase material and the oil phase material after the preparation through an emulsifier to form a water-in-oil type emulsion matrix, wherein the temperature of the emulsion matrix is about 90 ℃. The viscosity of the matrix measured at 40 ℃ was 33000 CP. After cooling the latex matrix to 40 ℃, the charge was ready to be loaded vertically up the hole.
Thirdly, opening the explosive charging equipment, respectively conveying the aqueous solution of the sensitizer and the emulsion matrix into an explosive charging pipeline, uniformly mixing the aqueous solution of the sensitizer and the emulsion matrix in a static mixer at the tail end of the explosive charging equipment, wherein the pressure of a matrix conveying pump is about 0.73MPa, the viscosity of the emulsion explosive is 150000CP after 20s, and the density of the emulsion explosive is 1.15g/cm after 20min3The detonation velocity is 5320 m/s. After the charging is finished, the blast hole has no leakage phenomenon through inspection, and no residual wall hanging phenomenon exists in a matrix bin of charging equipment.
Example 5
Firstly, 850kg of ammonium nitrate, 8kg of citric acid, 1kg of phosphoric acid, 0.5kg of nitric acid, 0.5kg of sulfuric acid and 140kg of water are weighed and added into a water phase tank to be uniformly stirred, and the mixture is heated to 110 ℃ and then is kept warm for standby. Weighing 10.52kg of oleic acid, 5kg of beeswax, 5kg of paraffin, 5kg of white oil, 5kg of microcrystalline wax, 5kg of engine oil, 2kg of asphalt, 1.58kg of rosin, 3kg of vaseline, 5kg of sorbitan monooleate and 5kg of polyisobutylene succinimide, adding the materials into a small oil phase tank, uniformly stirring, heating to 110 ℃, and keeping the temperature for later use. 0.474kg of sodium hydroxide, 1.1kg of sodium nitrite and 1.58kg of water are weighed into a sensitizing agent tank, and stirred and dissolved for later use.
And secondly, emulsifying the water phase material and the oil phase material after the preparation through an emulsifier to form a water-in-oil type emulsion matrix, wherein the temperature of the emulsion matrix is about 110 ℃. The hardness (penetration) of the substrate at 25 ℃ was measured to be 26 mm.
Thirdly, respectively conveying the aqueous solution of the sensitizer and the latex matrix into a sensitizing machine, uniformly mixing the aqueous solution of the sensitizer and the latex matrix in the sensitizing machine, taking a semi-finished product from an outlet of the sensitizing machine, cooling, measuring the hardness of the semi-finished product to be 12mm at 25 ℃, measuring the viscosity of the semi-finished product to be 68000CP at 50 ℃, standing for 24 hours, and measuring the density of the emulsion explosive to be 1.15g/cm3The detonation velocity is 5580 m/s.
Example 6
Step one, 817kg of ammonium nitrate, 100kg of sodium nitrate, 3kg of citric acid and 80kg of water are weighed and added into a water phase tank to be uniformly stirred, and the mixture is heated to 110 ℃ and then is kept warm for standby. Weighing 13.9kg of dimer acid, 10kg of microcrystalline wax, 20kg of paraffin wax, 5kg of vaseline, 6.7kg of engine oil and 13.9kg of polyisobutylene succinic acid sorbitol ester, adding into a small oil phase tank, stirring uniformly, heating to 100 ℃, and keeping the temperature for later use. 1.67kg of sodium hydroxide, 1.0kg of sodium nitrite and 2.67kg of water are weighed and added into a sensitizing agent tank, and stirred and dissolved for later use.
And secondly, emulsifying the water phase material and the oil phase material after the preparation through an emulsifier to form a water-in-oil type emulsion matrix, wherein the temperature of the emulsion matrix is about 114 ℃. The hardness (penetration) of the substrate at 25 ℃ was measured to be 28 mm.
Thirdly, respectively conveying the aqueous solution of the sensitizer and the latex matrix into a sensitizing machine, uniformly mixing the aqueous solution of the sensitizer and the latex matrix in the sensitizing machine, taking a semi-finished product from an outlet of the sensitizing machine, cooling, measuring the hardness of the semi-finished product to be 9mm at 25 ℃, measuring the viscosity of the semi-finished product to be 110000CP at 50 ℃, and measuring the density of the emulsion explosive to be 1.13g/cm after the semi-finished product is placed for 24 hours3The detonation velocity was 5180 m/s.
Table 1 shows the performance test table of the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Note: the testing temperature of the viscosity of the substrate and the explosive of the on-site mixed loading truck is 40 ℃;
the viscosity test temperature of the roll-shaped emulsion explosive is 50 ℃;
the hardness test temperature of the roll-shaped emulsion explosive is 25 ℃.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of an emulsion explosive capable of quickly adjusting hardness and viscosity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of an aqueous phase: uniformly stirring 65-85 parts of ammonium nitrate, 0-12.9 parts of sodium nitrate, 0.1-1 part of acidic compound and 8-22 parts of water, heating and preserving heat to obtain an aqueous phase solution;
(2) preparing an oil phase: uniformly stirring 0-60 parts of combustible, 20-80 parts of carboxyl compound and 20-50 parts of emulsifier, heating and preserving heat to obtain an oil phase solution, wherein the carboxyl compound is one or more of long-chain fatty acid and polymer of the long-chain fatty acid;
(3) preparation of a sensitizer: uniformly stirring 1-31.3 parts of hydroxide, 2-35 parts of sodium nitrite and 50-93.4 parts of water to obtain a sensitizer solution;
(4) preparing a latex matrix: mixing the water phase solution obtained in the step (1) and the oil phase solution obtained in the step (2) in a mass ratio of 92.5-95: 5-7.5, feeding the mixture into an emulsifier for full emulsification to prepare a latex matrix;
(5) sensitization: and (3) mixing the latex matrix obtained in the step (4) and the sensitizer solution obtained in the step (3) in a mass ratio of 96-99.7: 0.3-4, namely completing the sensitization of the emulsion matrix to prepare the emulsion explosive;
the parts are calculated according to the mass part; and (3) the hydroxide in the step (3) is one or more of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
2. The method for preparing an emulsion explosive capable of rapidly adjusting hardness and viscosity according to claim 1, wherein the acidic compound is one or more of citric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid.
3. The method for preparing an emulsion explosive capable of rapidly adjusting hardness and viscosity according to claim 1, wherein the combustible is one or more of paraffin, microcrystalline wax, beeswax, engine oil, vaseline, white oil, asphalt and rosin.
4. The method for preparing an emulsion explosive capable of rapidly adjusting hardness and viscosity according to claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is one or more of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride derivative and sorbitan monooleate.
5. The method for preparing the emulsion explosive capable of rapidly adjusting the hardness and the viscosity according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in the step (1) is 80-110 ℃.
6. The method for preparing an emulsion explosive capable of rapidly adjusting hardness and viscosity according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in the step (2) is 50-110 ℃.
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CN112500251A (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-03-16 安徽金奥博化工科技有限公司 Bulk emulsion explosive charged in upward hole and preparation method thereof
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