CN111436525A - Method for processing feed by integrating fermentation and enzymolysis - Google Patents
Method for processing feed by integrating fermentation and enzymolysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN111436525A CN111436525A CN202010189404.5A CN202010189404A CN111436525A CN 111436525 A CN111436525 A CN 111436525A CN 202010189404 A CN202010189404 A CN 202010189404A CN 111436525 A CN111436525 A CN 111436525A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/20—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for horses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of feed raw material processing, in particular to a method for integrally processing feed by fermentation and enzymolysis, which comprises the following steps: selecting plants20-30% of bioprotein, 50-65% of starch and 15-20% of dietary fiber, adding a microbial liquid, wherein the total adding amount of the microbial mixed bacterial liquid is 80-100% of the total weight of the basic raw materials, fermenting and performing enzymolysis, and drying a reaction product to obtain the microbial liquid, wherein the pH value of a fermentation and enzymolysis reaction system is kept at 6.0-7.0, and the microbial liquid is that the viable count of bacillus is 1-9 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of yeast is 1-9 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of lactobacillus is 1-9 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of mould 1-9 × 108CFU/ml. The product of the invention has good nutritive value and high utilization rate of digestion and absorption, promotes the growth of young animals such as piglets, calves and the like, reduces the morbidity and saves the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed raw material processing, in particular to a method for processing feed by integrating fermentation and enzymolysis.
Background
Carbohydrates are important components of feed, but all exist in the form of starch or crude fibers, so that animals cannot utilize the carbohydrates with high efficiency, and additional glycogen such as lactose, glucose, sucrose and the like is required to be added. However, glycogen such as lactose, glucose and sucrose is easily and rapidly absorbed by animals, and the blood sugar concentration of the animals cannot be maintained for a long time. If the carbohydrate is subjected to pre-digestion treatment by means of fermentation, enzymolysis and the like to be changed into low-molecular-weight multi-component sugar, the digestion and absorption utilization rate of the carbohydrate can be improved, the damage to intestinal tracts of young livestock and poultry is avoided, the blood sugar concentration can be stabilized for a long time, the energy requirement of animals is met, functional nutrient substances can be generated, the immunity and the oxidation resistance of organisms are improved, the micro-ecological balance of the intestinal tracts is improved, and the intestinal health of the animals is protected.
At present, the fermentation technology gradually becomes a mainstream technology in animal husbandry, and various feed raw materials are processed by the fermentation technology, so that the digestibility of nutrient substances can be further improved, the anti-nutritional factors of the feed can be reduced, and more active nutritional factors can be generated. The essence of fermentation is that on the basis of selected objects, microorganisms are subjected to large-scale growth culture, so that the acting objects are subjected to chemical change and physical change, and a large amount of fermentation metabolites are produced and accumulated. The biological enzymolysis technology is complementary to the fermentation, namely, qualitative active substances can be obtained with high efficiency by utilizing different biological enzymes and combining the directional positioning enzyme digestion technology. However, the enzymolysis process is complex, the requirement on enzymolysis environmental conditions is high, the cost performance of enzymolysis is low, and the enzymolysis process cannot be transversely popularized in animal husbandry. And because of the non-overlapping and unidirectional property of the fermentation environment and the enzymolysis environment, the method belongs to two relatively independent processes in the feed manufacturing industry. Generally, the raw materials are firstly subjected to unidirectional fermentation or enzymolysis, and then secondary processing is carried out on the fermented or enzymolysis products, such as enzymolysis on fermented soybean meal, fermented fibers and the like; fermenting the enzymolysis starch, the enzymolysis protein and the like.
In the prior art, for example, CN 1292074C, CN 1279835C and CN 106417900A are used for preparing soybean meal protein products by a fermentation method; CN 106538867A decomposes non-starch polysaccharide through enzymolysis technology, CN110452308A decomposes corn starch and the like, and both are fermentation or enzymolysis treatment to a single raw material; in the patent CN 106260662 a, although the substrate is simultaneously degraded by fermentation and enzymolysis, the two processes are regarded as relatively independent processes, and an exogenous enzyme system is required to be added in the process, and the addition of the enzyme causes increased processing cost and waste of resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a method for processing feed by integrating fermentation and enzymolysis. The feed product prepared by the method has no anti-nutritional factors, contains a large amount of low molecular weight protein, low molecular weight polysaccharide, functional nutrient substances, acidifier and the like, has good nutritional value and high digestion and absorption utilization rate, can effectively replace whey powder, glucose (sucrose), acidifier and the like, promotes the growth of young animals such as piglets, calves and the like, reduces the morbidity and saves the production cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a method for processing feed by integrating fermentation and enzymolysis, which comprises the steps of selecting 20-30% of vegetable protein, 50-65% of starch and 15-20% of dietary fiber as basic raw materials; adding a microbial liquid, wherein the total addition amount of the microbial mixed bacterial liquid is 80-100% of the total weight of the basic raw materials, fermenting and carrying out enzymolysis, and drying a reaction product to obtain the microbial liquid;
monitoring the fermentation and enzymolysis processes and adjusting the pH value of the reaction system to keep the pH value of the reaction system at 6.0-7.0;
the microbial inoculum is respectively the viable count of bacillus of 1-9 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of yeast is 1-9 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of lactobacillus is 1-9 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of mould 1-9 × 108CFU/ml。
Further, the microbial liquid is a bacterial liquid containing 2% of glucose and 0.9% of NaCl aqueous solution.
Preferably, the microbial liquid is prepared at present so as to avoid mixed bacteria pollution and strain death/proliferation.
Further, the addition ratio of the bacillus liquid, the lactobacillus liquid, the yeast liquid and the mold liquid is 10-20: 20-40.
Furthermore, the pH value of the microbial liquid needs to be adjusted to 6.0-7.0 before use, so that the microbial proliferation environmental condition is maintained, and meanwhile, the biological enzyme can perform enzymolysis.
Further, the microbial liquid is fully and uniformly stirred before being added, and then is added to avoid precipitation, and the adding time is controlled to be completed within 10-15 min.
Preferably, the bacillus is one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans and bacillus licheniformis.
Preferably, the lactobacillus is one or more of lactobacillus delbrueckii, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus casei.
Preferably, the mold is one or more of aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger.
Preferably, the vegetable protein is one or more of soy protein, rice protein, wheat protein, pea protein, potato protein and corn protein.
Preferably, the starch is one or more of rice starch, wheat starch, corn starch, pea starch, potato starch and cassava starch.
Preferably, the dietary fiber is one or more of fiber raw materials such as cassava fiber, wheat bran, beet pulp, citrus pulp, bagasse and the like.
Further, the granularity of the ground basic raw material is 100-300 meshes.
Further, the basic raw materials are sterilized and then added with the microbial liquid.
Preferably, the sterilization treatment process is to spread the raw materials under an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization for 1 hour.
Further, the fermentation is carried out in a constant temperature and humidity box for 24-240 h.
Preferably, the constant temperature and humidity box is provided with: the temperature is 40-55 ℃, and the humidity is 80-95%.
In the integrated fermentation and enzymolysis process, microorganisms continuously proliferate in the microbial liquid under the conditions of a substrate and a culture solution, and continuously produce more biological enzymes while degrading the substrate, wherein the biological enzymes can further degrade the substrate. Meanwhile, organic acid is generated in the fermentation process, so that the pH value of the environment is changed, the pH value of the basic raw material is reduced from 6.0-7.0 to 4.0-3.0, and microorganisms and biological enzymes can not survive, so that dilute alkali liquor is required to be added in the fermentation process to adjust the microenvironment of a fermentation system, the further proliferation of the microorganisms is facilitated, and the biological enzymes can play a role.
In the fermentation process, sodium hydroxide with the concentration of 0.1-0.5% can be adopted to adjust the pH value of the reaction system.
The microbial fermentation process of the present invention can produce numerous biological enzymes: such as protease, amylase, lipase, pectinase, dextranase, cellulase, lactase, peptidase, sucrase, glucose oxidase, etc. A variety of organic acids can be produced: such as lactic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, gallic acid, and the like.
Further, the reaction product is dried, namely, the product is dehydrated firstly, so that the moisture of the dehydrated reaction product is approximately 30-40%; then drying for 30-40min at 70-80 ℃.
The reaction product is discharged after being dried and sieved, and 100 percent of the obtained product passes through a 60-mesh sieve.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the content of crude protein in the prepared product is more than 12%, the product does not contain anti-nutritional factors, the content of the protein with the relative molecular weight of less than 1000Da is more than 65%, the protein is easy to digest and absorb, the digestibility is more than 95%, the protein in whey powder can be effectively replaced, the immunity and disease resistance of piglets are remarkably enhanced, and the growth of young animals is effectively promoted;
2. the total polysaccharide content of the product prepared by the invention is more than 45%, the product is rich in oligosaccharides with different carbon numbers, and the oligosaccharide can be gradually absorbed in animal intestinal tracts, thereby achieving the slow release effect, stabilizing the blood sugar concentration of animals, maintaining the physical ability of the animals and promoting the growth of young animals;
3. the product prepared by the invention contains a large amount of probiotic fibers and functional oligosaccharides, and can promote the micro-ecological balance of intestinal tracts, stimulate the function of an immune system and improve the health of the intestinal tracts;
4. the product prepared by the invention is rich in various organic acidifiers, effectively reduces the pH value of the feed, and improves the acid environment required by the action of digestive tract pepsin;
5. the preparation method has the advantages of simple process flow, wide raw material source, low production cost, suitability for industrial popularization and good social and economic benefits.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The microbial solutions used in examples 1 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were each prepared in such a manner that the viable count of Bacillus was 5 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of yeast 5 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of Lactobacillus is 5 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of mould 5 × 108CFU/ml。
Example 1
1000g of rice protein powder (60%), 3000g of corn starch and 1000g of cassava fiber are taken, crushed to 100 meshes, evenly mixed and spread under an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization for 1 hour to be used as a basic material. Uniformly mixing four expanded culture bacteria liquids of bacillus liquid, lactobacillus liquid, yeast liquid and mould liquid according to the weight ratio of 10:10:40:40, so that the weight of the composite bacteria liquid is 5000 g. Adding 5000g of the composite strain liquid into 5000g of the basic substrate uniformly, stirring, mixing uniformly, then putting into a fermentation bag, sealing, placing in a constant temperature and humidity cabinet, setting the temperature at 45 ℃ and the humidity at 90%, fermenting for 120h, and controlling the pH of the material to 6.0-7.0 in the process. After the completion, the material is extruded by a hydraulic press for 30min, then is continuously flooded in an oven at 80 ℃ for 30min, and is taken out and cooled, thus obtaining the fermentation and enzymolysis integrated processing product.
Comparative example 1
1000g of rice protein powder (60%), 2500g of corn starch and 1500g of cassava fiber are taken, crushed to 100 meshes, evenly mixed and spread under an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization for 1h to be used as a base material. Uniformly mixing four expanded culture bacteria liquids of bacillus liquid, lactobacillus liquid, yeast liquid and mould liquid according to the weight ratio of 10:10:40:40, so that the weight of the composite bacteria liquid is 5000 g. Adding 5000g of the composite strain liquid into 5000g of the basic substrate uniformly, stirring, mixing uniformly, then putting into a fermentation bag, sealing, placing in a constant temperature and humidity cabinet, setting the temperature at 45 ℃ and the humidity at 90%, fermenting for 120h, and adjusting the pH of the material to 6.0-7.0 in the process. After the completion, the material is extruded by a hydraulic press for 30min, then is continuously flooded in an oven at 80 ℃ for 30min, and is taken out and cooled, thus obtaining the fermentation and enzymolysis integrated processing product.
Comparative example 2
1000g of rice protein powder (60%), 3000g of corn starch and 1000g of cassava fiber are taken, crushed to 100 meshes, evenly mixed and spread under an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization for 1 hour to be used as a basic material. Uniformly mixing four expanded culture bacteria liquids of bacillus liquid, lactobacillus liquid, yeast liquid and mould liquid according to the weight ratio of 10:10:40:40, so that the weight of the composite bacteria liquid is 5000 g. Adding 5000g of the composite strain liquid into 5000g of the basic substrate uniformly, stirring, mixing uniformly, then putting into a fermentation bag, sealing, placing in a constant temperature and humidity cabinet, setting the temperature at 45 ℃ and the humidity at 90%, fermenting for 120h, and adjusting the pH of the material to 9.0-10.0 in the process. After the completion, the material is extruded by a hydraulic press for 30min, then is continuously flooded in an oven at 80 ℃ for 30min, and is taken out and cooled, thus obtaining the fermentation and enzymolysis integrated processing product.
Comparative example 3
1000g of rice protein powder (60%), 2500g of corn starch and 1500g of cassava fiber are taken, crushed to 100 meshes, evenly mixed and spread under an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization for 1h to be used as a base material. Uniformly mixing four expanded culture bacteria liquids of bacillus liquid, lactobacillus liquid, yeast liquid and mould liquid according to the weight ratio of 20:20:30:30 to ensure that the weight of the composite bacteria liquid is 5000 g. Adding 5000g of the composite strain liquid into 5000g of the basic substrate uniformly, stirring, mixing uniformly, then putting into a fermentation bag, sealing, placing in a constant temperature and humidity cabinet, setting the temperature at 45 ℃ and the humidity at 90%, fermenting for 120h, and adjusting the pH of the material to 6.0-7.0 in the process. After the completion, the material is extruded by a hydraulic press for 30min, then is continuously flooded in an oven at 80 ℃ for 30min, and is taken out and cooled, thus obtaining the fermentation and enzymolysis integrated processing product.
Comparative example 4
1000g of rice protein powder (60%), 3000g of corn starch and 1000g of cassava fiber are taken, crushed to 100 meshes, evenly mixed and spread under an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization for 1 hour to be used as a basic material. Uniformly mixing four expanded culture bacteria liquids of bacillus liquid, lactobacillus liquid, yeast liquid and mould liquid according to the weight ratio of 10:10:40:40, so that the weight of the composite bacteria liquid is 5000 g. Adding 5000g of the composite strain liquid into 5000g of the basic substrate uniformly, stirring, mixing uniformly, then putting into a fermentation bag, sealing, placing in a constant temperature and humidity box, setting the temperature at 45 ℃ and the humidity at 90%, fermenting for 120h, and deflating once every 24 hours in the period. After the completion, the material is extruded by a hydraulic press for 30min, then is continuously flooded in an oven at 80 ℃ for 30min, and is taken out and cooled, thus obtaining the fermentation and enzymolysis integrated processing product.
Example 2
Collecting 1000g rice protein powder (60%), 3000g corn starch and 1000g cassava fiber, pulverizing to 100 mesh, mixing, spreading under ultraviolet lamp for sterilizing for 1 hr to obtain base materialUniformly mixing four expanded culture bacterial liquids of bacillus bacterial liquid, lactobacillus bacterial liquid, yeast bacterial liquid and mould bacterial liquid according to the weight ratio of 10:10:40:40 to ensure that the weight of the composite bacterial liquid is 5000g and the viable count of the bacillus is 1 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of yeast 1 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of Lactobacillus is 1 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of mold 1 × 108CFU/ml。
Adding 5000g of the composite strain liquid into 5000g of the basic substrate uniformly, stirring, mixing uniformly, then putting into a fermentation bag, sealing, placing in a constant temperature and humidity cabinet, setting the temperature at 45 ℃ and the humidity at 90%, fermenting for 120h, and controlling the pH of the material to 6.0-7.0 in the process. After the completion, the material is extruded by a hydraulic press for 30min, then is continuously flooded in an oven at 80 ℃ for 30min, and is taken out and cooled, thus obtaining the fermentation and enzymolysis integrated processing product.
Example 3
Taking 1000g of rice protein powder (60%), 3000g of corn starch and 1000g of cassava fiber, crushing to 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, flatly paving under an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization for 1h to serve as a base material, uniformly mixing four expanded culture bacterial liquids of bacillus bacterial liquid, lactobacillus bacterial liquid, yeast bacterial liquid and mold bacterial liquid according to the weight ratio of 10:10:40:40, and enabling the weight of the composite bacterial liquid to be 5000g and the viable count of the bacillus to be 9 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of yeast 9 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of Lactobacillus is 9 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of mould 9 × 108CFU/ml。
Adding 5000g of the composite strain liquid into 5000g of the basic substrate uniformly, stirring, mixing uniformly, then putting into a fermentation bag, sealing, placing in a constant temperature and humidity cabinet, setting the temperature at 45 ℃ and the humidity at 90%, fermenting for 120h, and controlling the pH of the material to 6.0-7.0 in the process. After the completion, the material is extruded by a hydraulic press for 30min, then is continuously flooded in an oven at 80 ℃ for 30min, and is taken out and cooled, thus obtaining the fermentation and enzymolysis integrated processing product.
Example 4
1500g of rice protein powder (60%), 2500g of corn starch and 1000g of cassava fiber are taken, crushed to 100 meshes, evenly mixed and spread under an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization for 1h to be used as a base material. Mixing Bacillus bacteria solution and milkThe four expanded bacteria solutions of the bacillus bacteria solution, the yeast bacteria solution and the mould bacteria solution are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 10:10:40:40, so that the weight of the composite bacteria solution is 5000g, and the viable count of the bacillus is 5 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of yeast 5 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of Lactobacillus is 5 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of mould 5 × 108CFU/ml。
Adding 5000g of the composite strain liquid into 5000g of the basic substrate uniformly, stirring, mixing uniformly, then putting into a fermentation bag, sealing, placing in a constant temperature and humidity cabinet, setting the temperature at 45 ℃ and the humidity at 90%, fermenting for 120h, and controlling the pH of the material to 6.0-7.0 in the process. After the completion, the material is extruded by a hydraulic press for 30min, then is continuously flooded in an oven at 80 ℃ for 30min, and is taken out and cooled, thus obtaining the fermentation and enzymolysis integrated processing product.
Example 5
Taking 1000g of rice protein powder (60%), 3250g of corn starch and 750 g of cassava fiber, crushing to 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, flatly paving under an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization for 1h to serve as a base material, uniformly mixing four expanded culture bacteria liquids of bacillus liquid, lactobacillus liquid, yeast liquid and mould liquid according to the weight ratio of 10:10:40:40, so that the weight of the composite bacteria liquid is 5000g, and the viable count of the bacillus is 5 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of yeast 5 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of Lactobacillus is 5 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of mould 5 × 108CFU/ml。
Adding 5000g of the composite strain liquid into 5000g of the basic substrate uniformly, stirring, mixing uniformly, then putting into a fermentation bag, sealing, placing in a constant temperature and humidity cabinet, setting the temperature at 45 ℃ and the humidity at 90%, fermenting for 120h, and controlling the pH of the material to 6.0-7.0 in the process. After the completion, the material is extruded by a hydraulic press for 30min, then is continuously flooded in an oven at 80 ℃ for 30min, and is taken out and cooled, thus obtaining the fermentation and enzymolysis integrated processing product.
Example 6
1000g of rice protein powder (60%), 3000g of corn starch and 1000g of cassava fiber are taken, crushed to 100 meshes, evenly mixed and spread under an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization for 1 hour to be used as a basic material. Mixing Bacillus bacteria solution, Lactobacillus solution, yeast solution, and moldThe four expanded bacteria solutions of the bacteria solutions are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 10:10:40:40, so that the weight of the composite bacteria solution is 4000g, and the viable count of the bacillus is 1 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of yeast 1 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of Lactobacillus is 1 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of mold 1 × 108CFU/ml。
Uniformly adding 4000g of the composite strain liquid into 5000g of the basic substrate, stirring, uniformly mixing, then putting into a fermentation bag, sealing, placing in a constant-temperature constant-humidity box, setting the temperature at 45 ℃ and the humidity at 90%, fermenting for 120h, and controlling the pH of the material to be 6.0-7.0 in the period. After the completion, the material is extruded by a hydraulic press for 30min, then is continuously flooded in an oven at 80 ℃ for 30min, and is taken out and cooled, thus obtaining the fermentation and enzymolysis integrated processing product.
TABLE 1 comparison of nutrient composition before and after fermentation in each example
| Detecting the index | Before treatment | Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 |
| Dry matter content% | 87.11 | 88.28 | 87.49 | 88.91 | 88.36 | 89.01 |
| Crude protein content% | 12.4 | 13.2 | 12.6 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Content of crude fiber% | 16.3 | 9.4 | 23.5 | 15.4 | 11.9 | 15.1 |
| Total sugar content% | 4.7 | 55.1 | 20.3 | 10.9 | 40.9 | 30.9 |
| Peptides having a molecular weight < 10000% | 3.12 | 70.2 | 27.8 | 18.6 | 58.6 | 28.6 |
| pH value | 6.65 | 3.67 | 4.52 | 5.03 | 4.13 | 4.33 |
TABLE 1 comparison of nutrient composition before and after fermentation in examples
| Detecting the index | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 |
| Dry matter content% | 88.35 | 88.76 | 88.55 | 88.19 | 88.42 |
| Crude protein content% | 13.3 | 13.2 | 18.5 | 13.4 | 13.6 |
| Content of crude fiber% | 9.2 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 6.5 | 9.2 |
| Total sugar content% | 54.6 | 55.9 | 46.2 | 59.5 | 50.7 |
| Peptides having a molecular weight < 10000% | 69.5 | 71.7 | 73.9 | 69.5 | 65.5 |
| pH value | 3.65 | 3.64 | 3.71 | 3.51 | 3.77 |
To further verify the technical effects of the scheme of the invention, the animal application test effects are as follows:
1. material method
1.1 Experimental design and grouping
TABLE 2 test design
| Group of | Addition scheme |
| Control group | Basal diet group |
| Experiment 1 group | The product prepared in example 1 of the present invention replaces whey powder, acidulant and glucose |
| Experiment 2 groups | The product prepared in the comparative example 2 of the present invention replaces whey powder, acidulant and glucose |
| Experiment 3 groups | The product prepared by the CN 106260662A patent technology replaces whey powder, acidifier and glucose |
180 healthy weaned piglets of consistent age in days (about 8.5 kg/head) were selected and randomized into 4 treatments, 3 replicates each, 15 piglets each. Feeding corresponding test daily ration according to test design (see table II), wherein the period is 21 days, and weighing each group before and after test.
1.2 test daily ration
TABLE 3 basic daily ration
1.3 Breeding management
The test pigsty daily management during the test was performed according to the normal program of the pigsty. Adopts a feeding method of free food intake and free water drinking. Keep the pigsty clean and sanitary and has good ventilation condition. The disease, death, etc. of piglets were observed and recorded regularly every day during the test period.
1.4 items of measurement
1.4.1 growth Performance
Feed intake, number and weight of dead pigs were recorded daily, and average daily gain, daily feed consumption, feed-meat ratio and death and culling rate at each stage during the test period were calculated.
Average daily food intake (total amount of feed added-excess feed in trough)/(remaining head in column × total number of days of experiment + number of dead pig heads × number of days of experiment)
Average daily gain (weight at end of column-initial weight at end of column + weight at end of dead pan pig)/(number of remaining heads at column × total days of trial + number of heads at dead pan pig × days of trial)
Feed/average daily gain
The mortality and elimination rate (total mortality and elimination × 100%)/total number of piglets per group;
1.4.2 diarrhea Rate
Piglet diarrhea was recorded daily.
The diarrhea rate is × 100%/(total number of heads tested × total days) of total diarrhea.
1.4.3 appearance rating
The pigs are observed and compared once a week and can be classified into 4 grades of poor, medium, good and excellent according to the hair and color of the pigs (the grades are respectively 1, 2, 3 and 4);
1.5 data statistics and analysis
The experimental data were collated using Excel 2010, single factor analysis of variance using SPSS16.0 software, and significance of differences tested using Dun-can with the results expressed as mean ± standard error.
2. Results and analysis
2.1 results of the experiment
TABLE 4 influence of the treatment groups on piglet production
Note: note: the same row of shoulder marks have no letters or the same letters represent no significant difference (P is more than 0.05), different letters represent significant difference (P is less than 0.05),
from table 4, it is known that, in the piglet diet, from the viewpoints of average piglet weight loss, average feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and diarrhea rate, the experiment 1 group had a better obvious effect, and the experiment 2 group was followed; the indexes of the test group 3 are all lower than those of the control group.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for processing feed by integrating fermentation and enzymolysis is characterized by comprising the steps of selecting 20-30% of vegetable protein, 50-65% of starch and 15-20% of dietary fiber as basic raw materials; adding a microbial liquid, wherein the total addition amount of the microbial mixed bacterial liquid is 80-100% of the total weight of the basic raw materials, fermenting and carrying out enzymolysis, and drying a reaction product to obtain the microbial liquid;
monitoring the fermentation and enzymolysis processes and adjusting the pH value of the reaction system to keep the pH value of the reaction system at 6.0-7.0;
the microbial liquid is prepared from bacillus with viable count of 1-9 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of yeast is 1-9 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of lactobacillus is 1-9 × 108CFU/ml, viable count of mould 1-9 × 108CFU/ml。
2. The method for integrated fermentation and enzymolysis feed processing according to claim 1, wherein the microbial liquid is a bacterial liquid containing 2% of glucose and 0.9% of NaCl aqueous solution.
3. The method for integrally processing feed through fermentation and enzymolysis according to claim 1, wherein the addition ratio of the bacillus, the lactobacillus, the yeast and the mould is 10-20: 20-40.
4. The method for integrated fermentation and enzymolysis feed processing according to claim 1, wherein the pH value of the microbial liquid is adjusted to 6.0-7.0 before use.
5. The method for integrated fermentation and enzymolysis feed processing according to claim 1, wherein the microbial solution is fully and uniformly stirred before being added, and then is added, and the adding time is controlled to be completed within 10-15 min.
6. The method for integrally processing the feed by fermentation and enzymolysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the basic raw material is sterilized and then added with the microbial solution.
7. The method for integrally processing the feed by fermentation and enzymolysis as claimed in claim 6, wherein the sterilization treatment process comprises sterilizing the raw materials by spreading under an ultraviolet lamp for 1 h.
8. The method for integrally processing feed by fermentation and enzymolysis according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation is carried out in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for 24-240 h.
9. The method for integrated fermentation and enzymolysis feed processing according to claim 8, wherein the constant temperature and humidity chamber is configured as follows: the temperature is 40-55 ℃, and the humidity is 80-95%.
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| CN104996722A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-10-28 | 江南大学 | Method of two-step united multi-strain fermented feed |
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