CN111434924B - 具有集成的电机的飞行器引擎 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/10—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants of gas-turbine type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/34—Turning or inching gear
- F01D25/36—Turning or inching gear using electric motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/04—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
- F02C7/268—Starting drives for the rotor, acting directly on the rotor of the gas turbine to be started
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K3/00—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
- F02K3/02—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
- F02K3/04—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
- F02K3/06—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type with front fan
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
- F04D29/324—Blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/325—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow fans
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/38—Blades
- F04D29/388—Blades characterised by construction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/36—Application in turbines specially adapted for the fan of turbofan engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
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- F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
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- F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
- F05D2220/768—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/20—Rotors
- F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
- F05D2240/307—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the tip of a rotor blade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/40—Transmission of power
- F05D2260/404—Transmission of power through magnetic drive coupling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/85—Starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
- F05D2300/507—Magnetic properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
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Abstract
本公开提供了一种电机(212),该电机包括涡轮机转子(203),该涡轮机转子具有毂部(302)和旋转轴线(A‑A),该涡轮机转子被布置为围绕该旋转轴线旋转。该涡轮机转子包括多个叶片(301)。每个叶片具有附接到该毂部的根部(303)、远离该毂部的尖端(304)、前缘(305)和后缘(306)、压力侧和吸力侧(307)。定子(502)围绕述涡轮机转子周向地定位。每个叶片还包括在该尖端处的转子元件,该转子元件包括具有第一极(401)和第二极(402)的永磁体,该第一极邻近该叶片的该吸力侧定位,并且该第二极邻近该压力侧定位,使得磁通路径垂直地延伸穿过该叶片尖端。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种具有集成的电机的飞行器引擎。
背景技术
参考图1,现有技术三轴涡扇引擎一般以101指示,具有主旋转轴线A-A。引擎101以轴流串联方式包括进气口102、推进风扇103、中压压缩机104、高压压缩机105、燃烧器106、高压涡轮107、中压涡轮108、低压涡轮109和排气喷嘴110。短舱111一般包围引擎101并限定进气口102和排气喷嘴110。
引擎101以常规的方式工作,使得进入进气口102的空气被风扇103加速以产生两种气流:第一气流,其通过旁通管道22以提供推进推力;以及第二气流,其进入中压压缩机104中。中压压缩机104在将空气输送到高压压缩机105(其中发生进一步压缩)之前压缩被引导至其中的气流。
从高压压缩机105排出的压缩空气被引导至燃烧器106中,在106中该压缩空气与燃料混合,并且混合物被燃烧。然后,所得的热燃烧产物在通过喷嘴20排出之前膨胀通过高压涡轮107、中压涡轮108和低压涡轮109,并且由此该驱动高压涡轮、中压涡轮和低压涡轮,以提供附加的推进推力。该高压涡轮107、中压涡轮108和低压涡轮109各自通过合适的互连轴分别驱动高压压缩机105、中压压缩机104和风扇103。
为了起动引擎101,通常通过外部动力源使高压转轴旋转。此类动力源可以是作为电动马达操作的电机,或是空气涡轮起动机。
一旦由高压压缩机105产生了足够的质量流,就可以喷射燃料并将其点燃,并且在被称为起燃的过程中开始燃烧。然后,来自燃烧器106的排气驱动涡轮107、涡轮108、涡轮109,并且可以关闭外部动力源。
通常,气体涡轮引擎的功能不仅是为飞行器提供推力,而且还为飞行器提供电力。为此目的,通常将发电机联接到气体涡轮引擎。发电机将由气体涡轮引擎产生的机械动力的一部分转换为电力供飞行器使用。
此类起动机-发电机通常不位于气体涡轮引擎的引擎磁芯内。而是,起动机-发电机通常形成附件齿轮箱的一部分,该部分经由径向驱动轴连接到引擎。此类布置为引擎设计带来了附加的重量和长度。
美国专利公开2009/0115295描述了发电机,该发电机包括紧固到叶片的端部的永磁体、气体涡轮引擎的风扇、以及位于风扇壳体内的定子。此类发电机据称不适合用作用于起动气体涡轮引擎的电动马达。
美国专利7,514,810描述了气体涡轮引擎,其包括位于低压涡轮的下游的后部涡轮。发电机设置在后部涡轮的后部。
美国专利7,603,864描述了电磁机器,其具有在风扇叶片的尖端上的转子极、以及围绕风扇周向地放置的定子元件。电机具有横向磁通配置,其中定子元件各自包括大体上C形的磁芯。该C形磁芯位于风扇叶片尖端周围,使得当磁芯邻近叶片尖端时,磁通路径穿过C形磁芯、越过磁芯与叶片尖端之间的气隙,并且横向地穿过位于叶片尖端上的转子极,如此形成一个闭环。
发明内容
根据第一方面,提供了一种飞行器引擎,所述飞行器引擎具有集成的电机,所述电机包括:
涡轮机转子,所述涡轮机转子具有毂部和旋转轴线,所述涡轮机转子被布置为围绕所述旋转轴线旋转;
多个叶片,每个叶片具有附接到所述毂部的根部、远离毂部的尖端、前缘和后缘、以及压力侧和吸力侧;
多个转子元件,每个转子元件位于所述多个叶片中的一个叶片的尖端处;以及
定子,所述定子围绕所述涡轮机转子周向地定位;
其中每个转子元件包括具有第一极和第二极的永磁体,所述第一极邻近叶片的压力侧定位,并且所述第二极邻近叶片的吸力侧定位,使得磁通路径垂直地延伸穿过叶片尖端。
第一极可以是北极,并且第二极可以是南极,使得磁通路径从叶片的吸力侧穿过叶片尖端垂直地延伸到压力侧。
每个叶片可以具有翼型横截面,并且因此针对叶片的每个径向位置限定翼弦线。如本文所用,术语“翼弦线”是指连接叶片的前缘和后缘的直线。
每个转子元件可以位于其相应的叶片尖端处,使得因永磁体造成的磁通线垂直于叶片尖端处的翼弦线。
如本文所用,术语“交错角”是指翼弦线与由旋转轴线限定的轴向方向之间的角度。因此,转子元件的交错角可以与该转子元件所在的叶片尖端的交错角基本上相同。
定子可以包括多个定子绕组。该定子绕组中的每个定子绕组可以对准,使得它们基本上平行于翼弦线。另选地,定子绕组中的每个定子绕组可以与翼弦线成一定角度定位,例如在翼弦线的±5度内、在翼弦线的±10度、±20度或±30度内。
定子绕组可以缠绕在非磁性线圈架上。
电机还可以包括壳体。定子可以位于壳体内。
电机还可以包括磁环,该磁环围绕定子周向地定位。
每个转子元件可以嵌入在其相应的叶片内,使得转子元件不破坏叶片的空气动力学形状。
每个叶片可以包括转子元件。
涡轮机转子可以是涡扇气体涡轮引擎、混合动力涡扇气体涡轮引擎或电动涵道风扇中的风扇。
电机可为可操作的以驱动风扇。
另选地或附加地,电机可为可操作的以从涡轮机转子产生电力。
根据第二方面,提供了用于产生推力以推进飞行器的推进器,该推进器包括根据第一方面的飞行器引擎。
推进器可以是涡扇引擎,并且电机内的涡轮机转子可以形成该涡扇引擎的风扇。
推进器可以是电动涵道风扇,并且电机内的涡轮机转子可以形成该电动涵道风扇的风扇。
附图说明
现在将仅通过示例的方式参考附图来描述实施方案,附图仅为示意图并且未按比例绘制,并且在附图中:
图1是现有技术气体涡轮引擎的截面侧视图;
图2是结合有上述类型的电机的推进器的截面侧视图;
图3示出了图2的推进器的风扇;
图4示出了图3的风扇叶片的尖端;
图5示出了图3的风扇、以及包括电机的定子的风扇壳体;
图6示出了风扇叶片与定子绕组之间的磁相互作用;
图7示出了风扇叶片的级联及其与风扇壳体中的定子绕组的对准;
图8示出了具有集成定子的风扇壳体的剖视图;并且
图9示出了结合有如上所述的电机的推进器的另选的实施方案。
具体实施方式
如上所述,本文公开的电机包括:涡轮机转子级;多个转子元件,每个转子元件位于多个叶片中的一个的尖端处;以及定子,该定子围绕涡轮机转子周向地定位。
图2示出了用于产生推力以推进包括呈涡扇引擎201的形式的这样的电机的飞行器的推进器。本实施方案的涡扇引擎201的气体涡轮架构与现有技术涡扇引擎101基本上类似,并且因此相似部件用相似数字加一百标识,并且旋转轴线同样地标识为A-A。
电机被标识在212处。在该示例中,涡轮机转子级是风扇203。在另选的配置中,涡轮机转子级可以是引擎201的涡轮机的另一部分中的转子级,例如中压压缩机204或高压压缩机205。
图3单独地示出风扇203。风扇203内包括了多个风扇叶片301,但是为了清楚起见,图中仅示出了一个。应当理解,在实践中,风扇203将包含多个风扇叶片301,例如16、18、20、22或24个叶片。风扇叶片301附接到毂部302。在操作中,风扇203围绕旋转轴线A-A在方向ω上旋转。
因此,应当理解,一般来讲,无论是风扇、压缩机级还是涡轮级,涡轮机转子都将包括具有叶片和旋转轴线的毂部,涡轮机转子被布置为围绕该旋转轴线旋转。
再次参考图3,每个风扇叶片301具有附接到毂部302的根部303、远离毂部302的尖端304、前缘305和后缘306。
在前缘305与后缘306之间限定第一面307。第一面307形成叶片的气洗部分中的一个气洗部分,特别是叶片的吸力侧。类似地,在前缘和后缘之间还限定了不同于第一面的第二面(308,图4)。第二面形成叶片的气洗部分中的另一个气洗部分,特别是叶片的压力侧。
电机212还包括多个转子元件309,它们一起形成电机的转子部分。每个转子元件309位于多个风扇叶片301中的一个风扇叶片的尖端304处。在一个实施方案中,所有风扇叶片301都包括转子元件309。在另选的实施方案中,并非所有风扇叶片301都包括转子元件309。例如,可以有偶数个风扇叶片301,并且每隔一个风扇叶片可以包括转子元件。转子元件的其他部分分布当然是可能的。
图4是风扇叶片301的尖端304的视图。每个转子元件309包括具有第一极401和第二极402的永磁体。永磁体被取向为使得第一极401邻近风扇叶片301的第一面307(吸力侧)定位,而第二极402邻近风扇叶片301的第二面(压力侧)定位(图6)。这产生在垂直于转子元件的永磁体的方向上延伸的磁通路径(Φ)403。磁通路径(Φ)403因此通过叶片尖端304。
另外,可以看到磁通线Φ如何在垂直方向上与风扇叶片301的尖端区域处的翼弦线C-C对准。因此,相对于轴向,磁通线基本上以与叶片在其尖端处的交错角(ζ)互补的角度取向。
在本实施方案中,永磁体的第一极401是北(N)极,并且该磁体的第二极402是南(S)极。磁通路径(Φ)403因此在吸力侧上离开叶片,并且围绕叶片尖端403返回叶片的压力侧。
应当理解,磁体的取向可以相对于叶片的压力表面和吸力表面反转,并伴随着磁通路径的反转。
包括转子元件309的永磁体可以嵌入到风扇叶片301中。在一个实施方案中,这是通过用永磁体粉末来填充中空风扇叶片中的现有空隙、或另选地作为叶片的制造过程的一部分形成来实现。
电机还包括定子501,该定子的一部分在图5中示出。在该特定的示例中,定子501集成到引擎201的风扇壳体502中,该风扇壳体可以一体地形成为引擎短舱211的一部分。定子501包括多个定子绕组503。定子绕组503可以由任何适当的导电材料诸如铜形成。
通过转子元件309的磁场与定子绕组503中的定子导体的相互作用来实现电磁扭矩产生和/或功率产生,如图6所示。这种布置意味着不需要定子磁芯就能够捕获和引导磁通线,这产生了重量更轻且体积更小的系统。
电磁扭矩(τ)的量值与磁通密度(B)成比例,该磁通密度是磁链(Φ)、定子绕组的导体中的电流(I)、以及在导体与永磁体之间的角度(θ)的函数:
τ∝K·B(Φ)·I·cosθ[等式1]
其中K是与具体的实施方式的几何约束相关联的常数。
因此,在一个实施方案中,为了最大化电磁扭矩产生和/或功率产生,定子绕组503内的导体可以被取向为与风扇叶片尖端交错角(ζ)匹配。参考图7将更好地理解这一点,该图示出了来自风扇203的叶片的级联,定子501覆盖在其上。
想到的是,转子元件309以及因此永磁体与叶片301的尖端处的翼弦对准,当θ为零时将产生最大扭矩τ。因此,通过设定定子绕组503的取向以与风扇叶片301在其尖端处的交错度匹配,将在使用中产生最大扭矩和/或功率。这对于起动方案特别地有益。
另选地,定子绕组503可以被取向为使得θ为±5度、±10度、±20度或±30度。此类配置可以被采用于静止配置,其中风扇叶片301的空气动力学解扭在操作中造成在飞行期间转变到和/或产生较低θ值以及因此更大扭矩。
风扇壳体502的横截面在图8中示出。代替具有磁性层叠件以容纳定子绕组的常规带齿定子结构,在本实施方案中,非磁性线圈架801用以容纳定子绕组503,而外磁环802用以容纳磁场。非磁性线圈架可以由非金属复合材料诸如PEEK、氧化铝等制成。可以层压外磁环以减少铁损失量。
此类定子比常规带齿定子轻。此外,就槽极配置而言没有定子齿来约束电机的磁性设计这一事实意味着电机可以与具有任何数量的叶片的涡轮机转子集成在一起。将要求施加到定子绕组以驱动转子的基本电频率(fe)由下式给出:
fe=Nb·ωm [等式2]
其中Nb是风扇叶片的数量,并且ωm是风扇的旋转速度,其单位为每秒转数。
然而,如果需要,可以替代地使用常规带齿定子。此类带齿定子仍可以采用以风扇叶片301的尖端的翼弦线取向的偏斜绕组,如前所述。
实际上,电机212可以用作起动机、发电机或起动机-发电机。在一些实施方案中,就在飞行期间驱动风扇203而言,电机212还可以操作来增强低压涡轮209,例如,其中功率要么源自飞行器上的能量存储设备,要么源自被配置作为发电机组的另一个引擎。
现在参考图9,本文所述的实施方案中的任一个的电机也可以以另选的配置用作电动涵道风扇901的一部分,该电动涵道风扇是涡扇201的另选形式,作为用于产生推力以推进飞行器的推进器。电机被标识为902,并且在这样的配置中,是风扇903的唯一的扭矩源,并且由此驱动该风扇。
应当理解,本发明不限于上述实施方案,并且在不脱离本文中描述的概念的情况下可进行各种修改和改进。除非相互排斥,否则任何特征可以单独使用或与任何其他特征组合使用,并且本公开扩展到并包括本文中描述的一个或多个特征的所有组合和子组合。
Claims (15)
1.一种飞行器引擎,所述飞行器引擎具有集成的电机,所述电机包括:
涡轮机转子,所述涡轮机转子具有毂部和旋转轴线,所述涡轮机转子被布置为围绕所述旋转轴线旋转;
多个叶片,每个叶片具有附接到所述毂部的根部、远离所述毂部的尖端、前缘和后缘、压力侧面和吸力侧面;
多个转子元件,每个转子元件位于所述多个叶片中的一个叶片的所述尖端处;以及
定子,所述定子围绕所述涡轮机转子周向地定位;
其中每个转子元件包括具有第一极和第二极的永磁体,所述第一极邻近所述叶片的所述吸力侧定位,并且所述第二极邻近所述压力侧定位,使得磁通路径垂直地延伸穿过所述叶片尖端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器引擎,其中所述第一极是北极,并且所述第二极是南极,使得所述磁通路径从所述压力侧穿过所述叶片尖端垂直地延伸到所述吸力侧。
3.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器引擎,其中每个叶片限定所述叶片尖端处的翼弦线,并且其中每个转子元件位于其相应的叶片尖端内,使得因所述转子元件造成的磁通线垂直于所述叶片尖端处的所述翼弦线。
4.根据权利要求3所述的飞行器引擎,其中所述定子包括多个定子绕组,并且其中所述定子绕组中的每个定子绕组在所述叶片尖端处的所述翼弦线的±30度内对准。
5.根据权利要求4所述的飞行器引擎,其中所述定子绕组中的每个定子绕组平行于所述叶片尖端处的所述翼弦线。
6.根据权利要求4所述的飞行器引擎,其中所述定子绕组缠绕在非磁性线圈架上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器引擎,还包括壳体,并且其中所述定子位于所述壳体内。
8.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器引擎,还包括磁环,所述磁环围绕所述定子周向地定位。
9.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器引擎,其中每个转子元件嵌入在其相应的叶片内,使得所述转子元件不破坏所述叶片的空气动力学形状。
10.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器引擎,其中每个叶片包括转子元件。
11.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器引擎,其中转子元件包括位于叶片的空隙内的永磁粉末。
12.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器引擎,其中所述涡轮机转子是所述飞行器引擎中的风扇。
13.根据权利要求12所述的飞行器引擎,其中所述电机能够操作以执行以下各项中的一个或多个:
驱动所述风扇;
从所述风扇产生电力。
14.一种用于产生推力以推进飞行器的推进器,所述推进器包括根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的飞行器引擎。
15.根据权利要求14所述的推进器,其中所述推进器是以下各项中的一者:
涡扇引擎,并且所述电机内的所述涡轮机转子形成所述涡扇引擎的风扇;
电动涵道风扇,并且所述电机内的所述涡轮机转子形成所述电动涵道风扇的风扇。
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Also Published As
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EP3680488A1 (en) | 2020-07-15 |
GB201900378D0 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
US20200224547A1 (en) | 2020-07-16 |
CN111434924A (zh) | 2020-07-21 |
US11255216B2 (en) | 2022-02-22 |
EP3680488B1 (en) | 2023-05-17 |
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