CN111433070B - 用于运行电压转换器的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于运行电压转换器的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN111433070B
CN111433070B CN201880080238.6A CN201880080238A CN111433070B CN 111433070 B CN111433070 B CN 111433070B CN 201880080238 A CN201880080238 A CN 201880080238A CN 111433070 B CN111433070 B CN 111433070B
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M.赫尔曼
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
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    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
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    • B60W50/02—Ensuring safety in case of control system failures, e.g. by diagnosing, circumventing or fixing failures
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车辆的电压转换器（1）、特别是直流电压转换器的方法，所述电压转换器具有至少两个并联的转换器支路（4、5），所述至少两个并联的转换器支路连接在所述电压转换器（1）的高压侧（2）和低压侧（3）之间以用于转换电压，所述电压转换器具有至少一个引导冷却剂（9）并且与所述转换器支路（4、5）关联的冷却装置（8），其中所述转换器支路（4、5）中的每个转换器支路都与至少一个温度传感器（6、7）关联，所述方法具有以下步骤：a）检测每个转换器支路（4、5）的输入电压、输出电压和运行电流，b）借助于各自的温度传感器（6、7）检测当前的转换器支路温度，c）根据在步骤a）和b）中检测的值分别确定冷却剂温度，d）将确定的两个冷却剂温度（T_1，T_2）相互比较，以及e）根据所述比较的结果确定所述温度传感器（6、7）的可工作性。

Description

用于运行电压转换器的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行电压转换器、特别是机动车辆的直流电压转换器的方法，所述电压转换器具有至少两个并联的转换器支路，所述至少两个并联的转换器支路连接在所述电压转换器的高压侧和低压侧之间以用于转换电压，并且所述电压转换器具有至少一个引导冷却剂并且与这些转换器支路关联的冷却装置，其中这些转换器支路中的每个转换器支路都与至少一个温度传感器关联，所述至少一个温度传感器分别用于检测转换器温度。
此外，本发明还涉及一种用于运行这种电压转换器的设备。
背景技术
为了在机动车辆的车载电网中产生（低伏）电压，在也具有电传动机的机动车辆中使用直流电压转换器，该直流电压转换器将牵引电池提供的高伏电压转换为用于所述车载电网的低伏电压。由此实现了，不必为所述车载电网和牵引网分别提供储能器（电池），而是为牵引网提供储能器就足够了。
为了增加应用可能性和失效防护性，已知具有两个彼此并联的转换器支路的电压转换器。这两个转换器支路通常构造得彼此相同，并且可以单独或一起将高伏电压转换为高伏电压。根据功率要求，例如可以单独或一起运行这些转换器支路。
在所述电压转换器的运行期间产生损耗热，所述损耗热一方面导致这些转换器支路本身的电部件发热，另一方面导致相邻电部件的转换器支路发热。为了避免这些电部件以及这些转换器支路的过热，已知这些转换器支路与冷却装置关联，该冷却装置引导用于将产生的损耗热运输出去的冷却剂。特别地，向两个转换器支路输送相同的冷却剂，或者所述冷却装置服务于两个转换器支路。为此，这些转换器支路例如在所述冷却剂的流动方向上前后布置。
作为其他的部件保护措施，已知每个转换器支路都与自己的温度传感器关联。从而例如可以根据由所述温度传感器检测的温度来优化所述冷却装置的冷却功率。
发明内容
具有权利要求1的特征的根据本发明的方法具有以下优点：在运行期间诊断所述温度传感器以确定其可工作性。由此可以在正在运行时确保所述温度传感器正常工作，并且结果可以避免所述部件的过热。因为可以用不同的功率来运行两个转换器支路，所以在这些转换器支路的各个部件中可以产生不同的损耗功率并由此产生不同的温度。这样的结果是，各个转换器支路的温度传感器可以检测不同的温度。由此，温度之间的比较将不允许关于温度传感器的可工作性的结论。因此，根据本发明规定了以下措施，以便尽管如此还是能够进行可靠的功能诊断：在第一步骤a）中检测每个转换器支路的输入电压、输出电压和运行电流。为此所需的传感器通常已经存在于电压转换器中，从而可以访问已经可用的数据。此外，在第二步骤b）中借助于各自的温度传感器来检测当前的转换器支路温度。由此有两个温度值可用。在后续步骤c）中，为每个转换器支路根据步骤a）和b）中检测的值确定冷却剂温度。例如通过使用温度模型，可以根据所提到的值以简单的方式计算所述冷却剂温度。然后在步骤d）中将确定的两个冷却剂温度相互比较，并在步骤e）中根据所述比较的结果确定所述温度传感器的可工作性。如果知道所述电压转换器的结构，则可以比较准确地确定各自的冷却剂温度。因为假定将所述冷却剂输送给两个转换器支路，所以两个转换器支路上的冷却剂温度必定几乎相同。特别是在将所述冷却剂并行地输送给两个转换器支路的情况下就是如此。如果将所述冷却剂先后输送给这些转换器支路，则可能已经产生从一个转换器支路到下一转换器支路的温度差。但是，可以根据上述值计算出所述温度差，或者在比较所确定的冷却剂温度时例如通过公差值考虑所述温度差。因此，可以通过比较必定彼此相同或几乎相同的所确定的冷却剂温度，特别是在并行输送冷却剂的情况下，来简单地诊断所述温度传感器。
特别地，如上已经提到的，分别借助于温度模型来计算所述冷却剂温度。由此可以保证实时和简单地计算出所述冷却剂温度。
此外，优选地规定，当所确定的冷却剂温度相同或几乎相同时，识别出所述温度传感器的可工作性。
特别地，当所确定的冷却剂温度彼此偏离超过可预给定的极限值时，识别出所述温度传感器之一的故障。在此，特别是根据是先后还是彼此并行地向所述转换器支路施加冷却剂来选择所述极限值。如果是先后向电压夹具施加所述冷却剂，则所述极限值优选被选择为大于并行施加的情况，因为由于这些转换器支路的不同损耗功率所述冷却剂可能已经由于在流动方向上靠前布置的转换器支路而发热了。
此外优选地规定，在识别出故障时将所述电压转换器或具有电压转换器的控制设备切换到安全的紧急运行中。由此保证了安全，特别是机动车辆的驾驶安全和人员安全。
此外，优选地规定，检测其他冷却剂温度并且与所确定的冷却剂温度进行比较，以便确定两个温度传感器中的哪个具有故障。所述其他冷却剂温度可以例如通过单独的控制设备和/或所述冷却装置本身来加以确定。由此，所述其他冷却剂温度用作在步骤c）中借助于所述温度传感器确定的冷却剂温度的参考值。由此总体上不仅可以确定所述温度传感器之一存在故障，而且可以识别出两个温度传感器中的哪一个具有故障。结果，例如对于紧急运行模式停用受故障影响的转换器支路，并通过其余的转换器支路保证所述电压转换器的继续运行。
此外，优选地规定，测量所述其他冷却剂温度。由此保证了对所述冷却剂温度的特别精确的检测，并且可以与在步骤c）中确定的冷却剂温度进行可靠的比较。
具有权利要求8的特征的根据本发明的设备的特征在于，其被构造为控制设备，所述控制设备专门设计为执行根据本发明的方法。由此得到已经提到的优点。
其他优点和优选的特征以及特征组合特别是从上面的描述以及从权利要求中得到。
附图说明
下面将基于附图更详细地解释本发明。为此，
图1以简化的图示示出了电压转换器，以及
图2示出了用于运行电压转换器的有利方法。
具体实施方式
图1以简化的图示示出了有利的电压转换器1，该电压转换器1连接在高压侧2和低压侧3之间，以便向低压侧供应来自高压侧2的能量。在当前情况下是机动车辆的电压转换器1，所述机动车辆被构造为电动车辆或混合动力车辆并且具有至少一个通过牵引电池从高压网2馈电的电传动机。通过电压转换器1使得例如形成所述机动车辆的具有12至14V电压的车载电网的低压网不需要自身的储能器。
有利的电压转换器1具有彼此并联连接的两个转换器支路4和5。转换器支路4、5被构造为基本上彼此相同，并且优选分别具有直流电压转换器。此外，每个转换器支路4、5具有温度传感器6、7，借助于该温度传感器监视各自转换器支路4、5的温度。
此外，电压转换器1与冷却装置8关联，该冷却装置8运送施加给两个转换器支路4、5的冷却剂，以便将运行期间在那里产生的损耗热输送出去。根据当前的实施例，先后向转换器支路4、5施加冷却剂9，所述冷却剂在图1中通过箭头示出。冷却剂9可以是例如冷却剂液体或冷却剂气体流，特别是空气流。
有利地，还存在控制设备10，该控制设备与温度传感器6、7、冷却装置8和转换器支路4、5连接，以便执行电压转换器1的运行。特别地，控制设备10例如根据通过温度传感器6、7确定的温度值来操控冷却装置8，以保证转换器支路4、5的最佳运行。
为了监视温度传感器6、7是否存在错误或故障，控制设备10还执行有利的诊断，将在下面参考图2更详细地解释该诊断。
为此，图2示出了用于解释有利的诊断方法的流程图，该诊断方法从步骤S1开始，例如从电压转换器1的启动开始。在随后的步骤S2中确定转换器支路4的输入电压、输出电压以及运行电流和当前温度。为了确定所述温度使用温度传感器6，并且为了确定电压值和电流值优选使用转换器支路4中无论如何已经存在的传感器。在随后的步骤S3中，根据步骤S2中确定的值来计算在转换器支路4的区域中的冷却剂9的冷却剂温度T_1。为此，有利地使用温度模型，该温度模型允许简单且实时地计算冷却剂温度T_1。
在随后的步骤S4中，检测或读入转换器支路5的输入电压、输出电压和运行电流以及通过温度传感器7检测的温度。在随后的步骤S5中，特别是借助于其他温度模型，根据步骤S4中确定的值确定在转换器支路5的区域中的冷却剂的冷却剂温度T_2。可选地，步骤S2、S3和S4、S5彼此并行地执行。
然后在查询S6中将确定的冷却剂温度T_1和T_2相互比较。在此，特别是检查冷却剂温度T_1，T_2彼此之间的偏差，其中将该偏差与可预给定的公差值或极限值T_Δ进行比较。特别是根据冷却装置8是向转换器支路4、5先后还是并行地施加冷却剂9来选择极限值T_Δ。如果向转换器支路4、5并行地施加，则将所述极限值选择得较低。
如果冷却剂温度之间的比较超过所述极限值，则识别出温度传感器6、7之一具有故障。假定通过温度值确定或计算的冷却剂温度必定相同或几乎相同。然而，如果冷却剂温度T_1，T_2之间的差超过所述极限值（j），则表明温度传感器6、7之一未正确工作。结果，在步骤S7中启动紧急运行，在该紧急运行中例如停用电压转换器1和/或将警告消息输出给所述机动车辆的驾驶员。特别地，也存储识别出的错误。
如果所确定的温度差低于极限值T_Δ（n），则识别出温度传感器6、7正常工作并且在步骤S1或S2中继续执行该方法。
可选地，例如通过冷却装置8附加地直接检测冷却剂9的冷却剂温度，以便提供参考值，可以将两个冷却剂温度T_1和T_2与所述参考值进行比较。由此，不仅可以识别电压转换器1的故障，而且还可以确定两个温度传感器6、7中的哪一个具有故障。这样做的优点是，例如对于紧急运行模式，仅停用具有缺陷的温度传感器6或7的转换器支路4、5，从而原则上可以使所述电压转换器继续运行。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于运行机动车辆的电压转换器(1)的方法，所述电压转换器具有至少两个并联的转换器支路(4、5)，所述至少两个并联的转换器支路连接在所述电压转换器(1)的高压侧(2)和低压侧(3)之间以用于转换电压，并且所述电压转换器具有至少一个引导冷却剂(9)并且与所述转换器支路(4、5)关联的冷却装置(8)，其中所述转换器支路(4、5)中的每个转换器支路都与至少一个温度传感器(6、7)关联，所述方法具有以下步骤：
a)检测每个转换器支路(4、5)的输入电压、输出电压和运行电流，
b)借助于各自的温度传感器(6、7)检测当前的转换器支路温度，
c)根据在步骤a)和b)中检测的值为每个转换器支路分别确定冷却剂温度，
d)将确定的两个冷却剂温度(T_1，T_2)相互比较，以及
e)根据所述比较的结果确定所述温度传感器(6、7)的可工作性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，分别借助于温度模型来计算所述冷却剂温度(T_1，T_2)。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所确定的冷却剂温度(T_1，T_2)相同或几乎相同时，识别出所述温度传感器的可工作性。
4.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所确定的冷却剂温度彼此相差超过可预给定的极限值时，识别出故障。
5.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在识别出故障时，将所述电压转换器或具有所述电压转换器的控制设备切换到安全的紧急运行模式。
6.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，检测其他冷却剂温度并与所确定的冷却剂温度(T_1，T_2)进行比较，以确定两个温度传感器(6、7)中的哪个具有故障。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，测量所述其他冷却剂温度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电压转换器(1)是直流电压转换器。
9.一种用于运行电压转换器(1)的设备，所述电压转换器具有至少两个并联的转换器支路(4、5)，所述至少两个并联的转换器支路连接在所述电压转换器(1)的高压侧和低压侧之间以用于转换电压，并且所述电压转换器具有至少一个引导冷却剂并且与所述转换器支路(4、5)关联的冷却装置(8)，其中所述转换器支路(4、5)中的每个转换器支路都与至少一个温度传感器(6、7)关联，其特征在于，所述设备被构造为控制设备(10)，所述控制设备专门设计为执行根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法。
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