CN111430935A - Digital-analog mixed 3D beam forming device based on Luneberg lens antenna - Google Patents
Digital-analog mixed 3D beam forming device based on Luneberg lens antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111430935A CN111430935A CN202010336841.5A CN202010336841A CN111430935A CN 111430935 A CN111430935 A CN 111430935A CN 202010336841 A CN202010336841 A CN 202010336841A CN 111430935 A CN111430935 A CN 111430935A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
- H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a digital-analog mixed 3D beam forming device based on a Luneberg lens antenna, which comprises: a Luneberg lens; n feed source arrays are distributed at the back of the Luneberg lens and are distributed in a natural spherical shape; p groups of radio frequency TR modules are correspondingly connected with the feed source array, wherein P is less than or equal to N; the P groups of switch matrixes are connected with the radio frequency TR modules in a one-to-one correspondence mode and are used for realizing analog beam forming; the P groups of channel modulus components are correspondingly connected with the P groups of switch matrixes one by one; and the P group data stream encoders are respectively connected with the channel analog-to-digital components in a one-to-one correspondence manner and are used for realizing channel digital precoding. The invention adopts a 3D beam forming mode of phased array digital-analog mixing based on the Luneberg lens antenna, greatly reduces the calculation amount of Fourier transform (IFFT) in pure digital beam forming, cancels a large-scale digital phase shifter and an amplitude controller, and effectively reduces the energy consumption of a base station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a digital-analog mixed 3D beam forming device based on a Luneberg lens antenna.
Background
With the development of wireless communication technology, the abundant application of wireless networks has driven the rapid growth of wireless data services. According to the prediction of authorities, data services will increase at a rate of 1.6-2 times per year in the next 10 years, which will bring huge challenges to wireless access networks, and therefore, the communication system design in the future is required to more efficiently utilize bandwidth resources and greatly improve spectrum efficiency. The frequency of 5G of China mobile and China radio is distributed in a low frequency band below 3GHz, the frequency of China radio is distributed in a 700MHz frequency band below 1GHz, although the frequency band is suitable for remote transmission, the wavelength is long, the volume is large, and the frequency band is not beneficial to Massive MIMO beam forming.
The Massive MIMO (also called large scale MIMO) technology is a multi-antenna technology that a base station end adopts a large-scale antenna array, the number of antennas exceeds ten or even hundreds, and multiple users are served in the same time-frequency resource, and the technology is firstly proposed in 2010 by Marzetta of bell laboratories, and has become one of the most potential research directions in the field of 5G wireless communication at present.
The phased array antenna is a mainstream Massive MIMO multi-beam antenna form at present. When the traditional phased array antenna carries out beam forming, only the excitation amplitude and the phase of each unit need to be changed, and the forming characteristic with higher precision can be realized by using less unit number under the condition that the precision of a phase shifter is enough. However, in practical application, after the beam forming is performed on the 32TR component, the antenna mutual coupling is already serious, and the performance index of the antenna is seriously reduced. And the shaping realizes the analog-digital mixed shaping of the antenna beam through components such as a switch matrix, a phase shifter, an amplitude modulator, a power divider and the like, and the power consumption is very large.
Therefore, in the field, an antenna shaping device is provided, which can realize antenna beam simulation without a phase shifter, an amplitude modulator and a power divider and can improve antenna gain without increasing the number of antenna feeds.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a digital-analog mixed 3D beam forming device based on a Luneberg lens antenna.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the present invention, a digital-analog mixed 3D beamforming device based on a luneberg lens antenna is provided, which includes:
a Luneberg lens;
n feed source arrays are distributed at the back of the Luneberg lens and are distributed in a natural spherical shape;
p groups of radio frequency TR modules are correspondingly connected with the feed source array, wherein P is less than or equal to N;
the P groups of switch matrixes are connected with the radio frequency TR modules in a one-to-one correspondence mode and are used for realizing analog beam forming;
the P groups of channel modulus components are correspondingly connected with the P groups of switch matrixes one by one;
and the P group data stream encoders are respectively connected with the channel analog-to-digital components in a one-to-one correspondence manner and are used for realizing channel digital precoding.
The radio frequency TR component comprises a transmitter power amplification module PA, a receiver low noise amplifier module L NA and a multiplexer;
in the transmitting stage, after a user demand signal is uploaded, a control center can carry out channel and beam scheduling according to user space-time information and data demands, a channel analog-digital component carries out fast Fourier transform (IFFT) through an inverse IFFT module, and attaches a Cyclic Prefix (CP) to the signal as signal processing through a CP module, wherein the number of the signal processing is completely the same as that of an antenna unit of a transmitter, and then the signal processing is carried out through a DAC (digital-to-analog conversion) module and a frequency converter; the signal enters the switch matrix to carry out channel and beam scheduling distribution after being processed by the channel analog-digital assembly, the distributed radio frequency RF signal enters the transmitter power amplification module PA to carry out signal amplification, the amplified RF signal enters the multiplexer to carry out filtering and mixing, the RF signal enters the feed source array after being multiplexed, then the RF signal is optically transformed by the luneberg lens, the gain of the RF signal antenna is improved, and the RF signal antenna is transmitted out in the appointed beam;
in the receiving stage, the signal path is opposite to that in the transmitting stage, the feed source array receives an RF signal transmitted from the outside in a specified wave beam through a luneberg lens, the RF signal is subjected to noise reduction and amplification through a receiver low noise amplifier module L NA after being filtered by a multiplexer, the RF signal enters a switch matrix, the cyclic prefix CP module removes the cyclic prefix of the signal after passing through a frequency converter and an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) module, and the data stream enters a data stream encoder for decoding after performing fast inverse Fourier transform through an inverse fast inverse Fourier transform (IFFT) module.
Further, the N feed source arrays arranged behind the Luneberg lens comprise a first feed source group arranged on the half side of the periphery of the maximum tangential plane of the Luneberg lens.
Furthermore, the N feed source arrays arranged behind the Luneberg lens further comprise second feed source groups arranged on the corresponding half sides of the periphery of a second tangent plane parallel to the maximum tangent plane;
and/or:
the N feed source arrays arranged behind the Luneberg lens further comprise third feed source groups arranged on the corresponding half sides of the periphery of a third tangent plane parallel to the maximum tangent plane.
Further, each feed in the array of feeds comprises:
a reflective plate;
the dipole array comprises two half-wavelength dipoles which are vertically distributed in a crossed manner, wherein each half-wavelength dipole comprises two crossed polarized array sub-arms;
four L type resonators respectively located between the four cross-polarized array arms;
one end of each balun is connected with the inner end of one of the cross polarization array sub-arms, and the other end of each balun is connected with the reflecting plate;
the inner conductor is positioned at the bottom inside the cavity formed by the four baluns and is connected with the reflecting plate;
the two inverted U-shaped feed parts are positioned in a cavity formed by the four baluns, and respectively comprise a coupling feed sheet in the horizontal direction and two vertical transmission lines respectively connected with two ends of the coupling feed sheet, and the vertical transmission lines are also connected with the inner conductor; the two coupling feed tabs are vertically distributed;
the input and output connector is arranged at the bottom of the outer side of one of the baluns and is in switching connection with the switch matrix;
the half-wavelength dipole is close to the luneberg lens compared with the reflecting plate, and the direction of the half-wavelength dipole points to the spherical center of the luneberg lens.
Further, the feed source further comprises:
and the fixed dielectric plate is positioned on one side of the half-wavelength dipole, which is far away from the reflecting plate, and is respectively connected with the half-wavelength dipole and the L type resonator.
Further, the outer side of the reflecting plate is provided with a surrounding edge with a certain height.
Further, the surrounding edge is pasted with an absorption material.
Furthermore, the outer end of the cross polarization array sub-arm bends towards the direction of the reflecting plate.
Further, the feeds each include:
a first feed source, wherein the first feed source adopts the feed source;
two second feed sources with reflecting plates are respectively arranged on two sides of the first feed source; the second feed source adopts the feed source, and the size of the second feed source is smaller than that of the first feed source; and are respectively raised by the columns.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) one exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a 3D beamforming apparatus based on digital-analog mixing of a luneberg lens antenna to implement beamforming of masivemimo, and a 3D beamforming mode based on phased array digital-analog mixing of a luneberg lens antenna is adopted, where the digital-analog mixing beamforming is to combine channel digital precoding (implementing a data stream encoder by adopting channel digital precoding) and an analog radio frequency channel (implementing analog beamforming by adopting a vector switch matrix in a radio frequency circuit), and the 3D beamforming is implemented by utilizing a natural sphere of the luneberg lens antenna, so that a fourier transform (IFFT) calculation amount in pure digital beamforming is greatly reduced, a large-scale digital phase shifter and an amplitude controller are cancelled, and energy consumption of a base station is effectively reduced.
Under the same condition, the number of feed sources is increased, the number of TR components is increased, the number of radio frequency channels is increased, the data transmission capability is enlarged, and the problem that massiveMIMO multi-beam high gain is realized by a low-frequency 5G lens antenna is effectively solved.
(2) One exemplary embodiment of the invention discloses an arrangement form of a plurality of different feed sources so as to be suitable for different occasions.
(3) The invention discloses a miniaturized broadband Luneberg lens antenna feed source, which solves the long-standing problem that Luneberg lens (spherical lens/ellipsoidal lens) antennas realize broadband feed sources in a low frequency band, and particularly realizes a dual-polarized antenna, wherein the +/-45-degree dual-polarized broadband antenna can be realized by adopting a +/-45-degree cross design of two half-wavelength dipoles which are vertically distributed in a cross way, a novel controllable resonance mode can be generated by adding four L-type resonators between the half-wavelength dipoles, the broadband is expanded, the size of the antenna is not increased, the mode can be controlled by controlling the coupling strength, and the design of the broadband antenna can be realized by controlling the size of a L-type resonator and the distance between array arms.
(4) In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a miniaturized broadband luneberg lens antenna feed is disclosed, in which the positions of the half-wavelength dipole and the L-type resonator are fixed by a fixing dielectric plate.
(5) In order to improve the isolation between the antenna and the feed source, a surrounding edge with a certain height is arranged on the outer side of the reflecting plate; in yet another exemplary embodiment, the surrounding edge is adhered with an absorption material which is specially used for absorbing the refracted wave, so that the effect of the antenna is improved, and the radiation of the antenna is prevented from being influenced when the surrounding edge is improved to a certain degree.
(6) In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the external end of the cross-polarized array arm is bent toward the direction of the reflector plate to reduce the coupling between the antennas, thereby increasing the number of antenna feeds as much as possible, improving the transmission capability of the antennas, and reducing the distance between the feeds as small as possible.
(7) The invention further discloses a multiband feed source group of a miniaturized broadband luneberg lens antenna feed source, which comprises: the two feed sources are combined and arranged, and 1710MHz-2690MHz required to be covered by the high-frequency band antenna frequency band and 960MHz required to be covered by the low-frequency band antenna frequency band which are expected by each large operator are simultaneously realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the disclosed architecture in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a channel analog-to-digital (afa) module (fig. 2A) and a radio frequency (TR) module (fig. 2B) disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one of the feed arrays disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a horizontal and vertical directional diagram of the feed array of FIG. 3 as disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary feed arrangement disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a horizontal and vertical directional diagram of the feed array of FIG. 5 as disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary feed arrangement disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a horizontal and vertical directional diagram of the feed array of FIG. 7 as disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary feed arrangement disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a horizontal and vertical pattern of the feed array of fig. 9 as disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of another feed source arrangement disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a horizontal and vertical pattern of the feed array of fig. 11 as disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of another feed source arrangement disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a horizontal and vertical pattern of the feed array of FIG. 13 as disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective structural view of a feed source disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 16 is a schematic view of a feed structure mounted with a fixed dielectric plate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a perspective structural view of a feed source with a fixed dielectric plate mounted thereon according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a feed structure with bent cross-polarization array sub-arms according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a feed experimental pattern disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a schematic illustration of an experimental broadband standing wave disclosed in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a multi-band feed bank structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 101-half-wavelength dipole, 1011-cross polarization array arm, 102-L type resonators 102, 103-balun, 104-inverted U type feed part, 105/105' -reflecting plate, 106-fixed dielectric plate, 107-input-output connector, 108-inner conductor, 109-column, 10A-first feed source, 10B-second feed source, G1-first feed source group and G2-second feed source group.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that directions or positional relationships indicated by "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like are directions or positional relationships described based on the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a 3D beamforming apparatus based on digital-analog mixing of a luneberg lens antenna according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, including:
a Luneberg lens;
n feed source arrays are distributed at the back of the Luneberg lens and are distributed in a natural spherical shape;
p groups of radio frequency TR modules are correspondingly connected with the feed source array, wherein P is less than or equal to N;
the P groups of switch matrixes are connected with the radio frequency TR modules in a one-to-one correspondence mode and are used for realizing analog beam forming;
the P groups of channel modulus components are correspondingly connected with the P groups of switch matrixes one by one;
and the P group data stream encoders are respectively connected with the channel analog-to-digital components in a one-to-one correspondence manner and are used for realizing channel digital precoding.
Specifically, compared with the phased array antenna in the prior art, the 3D beam forming device of the Luneberg lens antenna realizes the beam forming of the massiveMIMO, the feed source array (and feed mode) based on the phased array digital-analog mixing of the Luneberg lens antenna is adopted, the digital-analog mixing forming is to combine the channel digital precoding (the data stream encoder is realized by adopting the channel digital precoding) and the analog radio frequency channel (the analog beam forming is realized by adopting the vector switch matrix in the radio frequency circuit), the 3D beam forming is realized by utilizing the natural sphere of the Luneberg lens antenna, the Fourier transform (IFFT) calculated amount in the pure digital beam forming is greatly reduced, a large-scale digital phase shifter and an amplitude controller are cancelled, and the energy consumption of a base station is effectively reduced.
Under the same condition, the number of feed sources is increased, the number of TR components is increased, the number of radio frequency channels is increased, the data transmission capability is enlarged, and the problem that massiveMIMO multi-beam high gain is realized by a low-frequency 5G lens antenna is effectively solved.
Wherein, the luneberg lens can adopt a composite artificial dielectric lens. Meanwhile, the feed array can adopt cross polarization feeds (+45 degrees and-45 degrees).
In this exemplary embodiment, the lens antenna single beam gain is high and equal with respect to a normal phased array antenna, shaped by a natural sphere; the common phased-array antenna is shaped by amplitude modulation and phase modulation of devices such as a switch matrix, a phase shifter, an amplitude modulator, a power divider and the like, the antenna gain is improved by increasing the number of antenna feed source units, and the PA power synthesis is carried out after the feed source units. The specific comparison is detailed in the following table:
from the above table analysis, the lens antenna is superior in performance to the conventional plate-shaped phased array antenna in many respects.
Preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, in fig. 2A, the channel analog-to-digital module includes an inverse fast IFFT module, a cyclic prefix CP module, a digital-to-analog conversion DAC module, an analog-to-digital conversion ADC module, and a frequency converter, and in fig. 2B, the radio frequency TR module includes a transmitter power amplification module PA, a receiver low noise amplifier module L NA, and a multiplexer;
in the transmitting stage, after a user demand signal is uploaded, a control center schedules channels and beams according to user space-time information and data demands, a channel analog-digital component executes fast Fourier transform (IFFT) through an inverse IFFT module (IFFT + in fig. 2A), and attaches a Cyclic Prefix (CP) to the signal as signal processing through a CP module (CP + in fig. 2A), wherein the number of the CP is completely the same as that of an antenna unit of a transmitter, and then the CP is processed by a DAC (digital-to-analog conversion) module and a frequency converter (up-converter in fig. 2A) and then is transmitted; the signal enters the switch matrix to carry out channel and beam scheduling distribution after being processed by the channel analog-digital assembly, the distributed radio frequency RF signal (figure 2B) enters the transmitter power amplification module PA to carry out signal amplification, the amplified RF signal enters the multiplexer to carry out filtering and mixing, the RF signal enters the feed source array after being multiplexed, then the optical conversion is carried out by the luneberg lens, the gain of the RF signal antenna is improved, and then the RF signal antenna is transmitted out at the appointed beam;
in the receiving stage, the signal path is opposite to the transmitting stage, the feed source array receives an externally transmitted RF signal in a designated beam through a luneberg lens, the RF signal is filtered by a multiplexer, noise-reduced and amplified by a receiver low noise amplifier module L NA and enters a switch matrix, the RF signal enters a cyclic prefix CP module (a-CP in fig. 2A) to remove a cyclic prefix of the signal after passing through a frequency converter (a down converter in fig. 2A) and an analog-to-digital conversion ADC module, and the RF signal enters a data stream encoder to be decoded after performing fast inverse fourier transform by an inverse fast IFFT module (an-IFFT in fig. 2A).
More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, the n feed arrays include a first feed group G1 disposed on a half side of a circumference of a maximum tangential plane of the luneberg lens.
Meanwhile, more preferably, in still another exemplary embodiment, the n feed arrays further include a second feed group G2 disposed on a corresponding half side of an outer circumference of a second tangential plane parallel to the maximum tangential plane;
and/or:
the N feed source arrays arranged at the back of the Luneberg lens further comprise a third feed source group G3 arranged at the corresponding half side of the periphery of a third tangent plane parallel to the maximum tangent plane.
Based on the two partial modes, the following 6 embodiments respectively disclose the arrangement of 6 different feed sources, and are applicable to different occasions.
(1) Low band 5 GmasiveMIMO Luneberg lens antenna for 16 beams 32 streams
In this exemplary embodiment, a 16-beam luneberg lens antenna employs a spherical lens 1400mm in diameter, 16 ± 45 ° cross-polarized (or left-right circularly polarized) feeds, the feed arrangement is shown in fig. 3, which includes a first feed group G1 with 8 feeds, a second feed group G2 with 4 feeds, a second feed group G3 with 4 feeds, the second feed group G2 being located above the first feed group G1, and the second feed group G3 being located below the first feed group G1. The horizontal and vertical patterns are shown on the left and right of fig. 4. The antenna disclosed by the exemplary embodiment is applied to ultra-large densely populated areas, such as ultra-large complex stadiums, squares, ultra-large complex marts, meetings, and the like.
(2) Low-band 5 GmasiveMIMO Luneberg lens antenna with 12 beams and 24 streams
In this exemplary embodiment, a 12-beam luneberg lens antenna employs a spherical lens 1400mm in diameter, 12 ± 45 ° cross-polarized (or left-right circularly polarized) feeds, the feed arrangement being shown in fig. 5, which includes a first feed group G1 having 8 feeds and a second feed group G2 having 4 feeds, and the second feed group G2 includes 4 feeds above the first feed group G1. The horizontal and vertical patterns are shown to the left and right of fig. 6. The method is applied to large densely populated areas, such as large complex markets, office buildings, schools, airports, stations, docks, parks, large complex markets, meetings and the like.
(3) Low-band 5 GmasiveMIMO Luneberg lens antenna for 8-beam 16-stream
In this exemplary embodiment, an 8-beam luneberg lens antenna employs a spherical lens 1400mm in diameter and 8 ± 45 ° cross-polarized (or left-right circular polarized) feeds, the feed arrangement being shown in fig. 7, which includes a first feed group G1 of 8 feeds. The horizontal and vertical patterns are shown on the left and right of fig. 8. The method is applied to relatively densely populated areas, such as large-scale districts, squares, schools, airports, stations, docks, parks, large-scale public markets, gatherings and the like.
(4) Low-band 5 GmasiveMIMO Luneberg lens antenna for 8-beam 16-stream
In this exemplary embodiment, the 8-beam luneberg lens antenna employs a 1000mm diameter spherical lens, 8 ± 45 ° cross-polarized (or left-right circularly polarized) feeds, the feed arrangement is shown in fig. 9, which includes a first feed group G1 with 4 feeds and a second feed group G2 with 2 feeds, a second feed group G3 with 2 feeds, the second feed group G2 is located above the first feed group G1, and the second feed group G3 is located below the first feed group G1. The horizontal and vertical patterns are shown on the left and right of fig. 10. The method is applied to the places such as complex urban coverage of high-rise forests, airports, stations, wharfs, parks and the like in complex terrains, and medium-sized complex market gathering and meeting places.
(5) Low-band 5 GmasiveMIMO Luneberg lens antenna for 6-beam 12-stream
In this exemplary embodiment, the 6-beam luneberg lens antenna employs a 1000mm diameter spherical lens, 6 ± 45 ° cross-polarized (or left-right circularly polarized) feeds, the feed arrangement is shown in fig. 11, which includes a first feed group G1 having 4 feeds and a second feed group G2 having 2 feeds, and the second feed group G2 includes 2 above the first feed group G1. The horizontal and vertical patterns are shown on the left and right of fig. 12. The method is applied to covering complex urban areas or mountain cities, and is applied to covering highways, railways, bridges and the like.
(6) Low-frequency band 5 GmasiveMIMO Luneberg lens antenna with 4 wave beams and 8 streams
In this exemplary embodiment, the 4-beam luneberg lens antenna uses a 1000mm diameter spherical lens, 4 ± 45 ° cross-polarized (or left and right circularly polarized) feeds, the feeds are arrayed as shown in fig. 13, and the horizontal and vertical patterns are shown on the left and right of fig. 14. The method is applied to rural, urban and rural union departments and county and city level city coverage.
More preferably, and in yet another exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 15 to 17, each of the feeds in the feed array includes:
a reflection plate 105;
two half-wavelength dipoles 101 which are vertically distributed in a crossed manner, wherein each half-wavelength dipole comprises two crossed polarized array sub-arms 1011;
four L-type resonators 102 respectively located between the four cross-polarized array sub-arms 1011;
one end of each balun 103 is connected with the inner end of one of the cross-polarized array sub-arms 1011, and the other end of each balun 103 is connected with the reflecting plate 105;
an inner conductor 108 located at the bottom of the cavity formed by the four baluns 103 and connected to the reflective plate 105;
the two inverted-U-shaped feeding portions 104 are positioned in a cavity formed by the four baluns 103, and each comprise a coupling feeding sheet in the horizontal direction and two vertical transmission lines respectively connected with two ends of the coupling feeding sheet, and the vertical transmission lines are also connected with the inner conductor 108; the two coupling feed tabs are vertically distributed;
the input and output connector is arranged at the bottom of the outer side of one of the baluns 103 and is in switching connection with the switch matrix;
the half-wavelength dipole 101 is close to the luneberg lens compared to the reflecting plate 105 and is directed towards the center of the luneberg lens.
In the exemplary embodiment, a novel controllable resonance mode can be generated by adding four L type resonators 102 between the half-wavelength dipoles 101 (namely between four cross polarization array arms 1011), the bandwidth is expanded, the mode can be controlled by controlling the coupling strength without increasing the size of the antenna, and the design of the broadband antenna can be realized by controlling the size of the L type resonators 102 and the spacing of the array arms at the same time.
Further, the inverted U-shaped power feeding unit 104 can improve impedance matching. The inverted U-shaped feeding portion 104 is composed of two parts, two transmission lines in the vertical direction and a coupling feeding piece in the horizontal direction. The two inverted U-shaped feeding portions 104 are vertically arranged. Meanwhile, the input/output connector 107 is used for connecting with an external data processing unit, thereby performing bidirectional data transmission.
This feed may be provided in multiple (as shown in the above exemplary embodiment) when applied to a luneberg lens antenna in particular, where the half-wavelength dipole 101 is closer to the luneberg lens than the reflecting plate 105 and is directed toward the center of the luneberg lens.
More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the feed further comprises:
and a fixed dielectric plate 106 which is positioned on the side of the half-wavelength dipole 101 far away from the reflecting plate 105 and is respectively connected with the half-wavelength dipole 101 and the L type resonator 102.
Since the L type resonator 102 needs to be disposed between the four cross-polarized array arms 1011 of the half-wavelength dipole 101, the positions of both are fixed by the fixed dielectric plate 106.
In addition, the fixing and installation can be carried out by adopting a through hole fixing and installation mode as shown in the figure.
Preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, each cross-polarized array sub-arm 1011 and the corresponding connected L-type resonator 102 are integrally formed.
Namely, in the manufacturing process, the cross polarization array arms 1011 (i.e. dipoles) and the balun are cut and formed in one step.
More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 15 to 17, the input/output connectors 107 are provided in two, and are respectively provided at the outer bottom portions of two adjacent baluns 103.
More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the outer side of the reflection plate 105 is provided with a peripheral edge of a certain height.
Specifically, in order to improve the isolation between the antenna and the antenna, the surrounding edge of the antenna reflection plate is improved in this exemplary embodiment.
Preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, the peripheral edge is affixed with an absorbent material.
Specifically, since the surrounding edge is provided, when the surrounding edge is raised to a certain extent, radiation of the antenna is affected, and for this reason, in this exemplary embodiment, the surrounding edge is pasted with an absorbing material to exclusively absorb reflected waves, thereby improving the effect of the antenna.
More preferably, as shown in fig. 18, the outer ends of the cross polarization array arms 1011 are bent toward the reflector.
Specifically, under the condition that the size of the lens antenna is fixed, the number of antenna feeds should be increased as much as possible to improve the transmission capability of the antenna, so that the distance between the feeds is required to be as small as possible, but the isolation of the antenna is reduced due to the small distance. To this end, in this exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 18, the elements of the antenna (i.e., cross-polarized array sub-arms 1011) are bent, thereby reducing coupling between the antennas.
The following is analytically designed using HFSS, and the exemplary embodiment described above uses a L type resonator 102 to introduce a controllable resonant mode, the mode shift is controlled by the coupling strength, S11 is less than or equal to-15 dB, the relative bandwidth is 35.7% by physically testing the antenna in the 690-960MHz range, the in-band isolation is greater than 28dB, the antenna gain is 8.65 + -0.35 dBi, the half power lobe width at H-plane is 65.5 + -3.5 deg., and the pattern and bandwidth standing wave diagrams are shown in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, respectively.
More preferably, as shown in fig. 21, in an exemplary embodiment, the feeds may implement a set of multi-band feeds, each including:
a first feed source 10A, wherein the first feed source 10A adopts the feed source according to any one of the above exemplary embodiments;
two second feed sources 10B with reflecting plates 105' are respectively arranged at two sides of the first feed source 10A; the second feed source 10B adopts the feed source described in any of the above exemplary embodiments, and is smaller than the first feed source 10A in size; and are raised by the columns 109, respectively.
In the current stage with 5G operation, each large operator hopes that the antenna frequency band of the high frequency band needs to cover 1710MHz-2690MHz, and the low frequency band needs to cover 698-960 MHz. Not only size miniaturization and broadband impedance matching are required for mobile communication antennas, but also broadband gain and a specific half-power lobe width are required, and broadband radiation characteristics are also required.
In this exemplary embodiment, therefore, a 90 ° orthogonal cross-arrangement is used in the antenna feed array arrangement, and the antenna of this cross-arrangement just reserves a certain space for the high-frequency array between the two cross-polarized array arms 1011. In order to improve the utilization rate of the antenna, the antenna is arranged according to a high-low frequency interval arrangement mode, and two frequency bands of 698-960MHz and 1710-2690MHz are compatible.
The first feed source 10A covers a frequency band of 698-960MHz, and the second feed source 10B covers a frequency band of 1710MHz-2690 MHz.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative only and not restrictive of the broad invention, and that various other modifications and changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art based upon the above teachings. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a 3D beam forming device that digital analog mixes based on luneberg lens antenna which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a Luneberg lens;
n feed source arrays are distributed at the back of the Luneberg lens and are distributed in a natural spherical shape;
p groups of radio frequency TR modules are correspondingly connected with the feed source array, wherein P is less than or equal to N;
the P groups of switch matrixes are connected with the radio frequency TR modules in a one-to-one correspondence mode and are used for realizing analog beam forming;
the P groups of channel modulus components are correspondingly connected with the P groups of switch matrixes one by one;
and the P group data stream encoders are respectively connected with the channel analog-to-digital components in a one-to-one correspondence manner and are used for realizing channel digital precoding.
2. The digital-analog hybrid 3D beamforming device based on luneberg lens antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the radio frequency TR component comprises a transmitter power amplification module PA, a receiver low noise amplifier module L NA and a multiplexer;
in the transmitting stage, after a user demand signal is uploaded, a control center can carry out channel and beam scheduling according to user space-time information and data demands, a channel analog-digital component carries out fast Fourier transform (IFFT) through an inverse IFFT module, and attaches a Cyclic Prefix (CP) to the signal as signal processing through a CP module, wherein the number of the signal processing is completely the same as that of an antenna unit of a transmitter, and then the signal processing is carried out through a DAC (digital-to-analog conversion) module and a frequency converter; the signal enters the switch matrix to carry out channel and beam scheduling distribution after being processed by the channel analog-digital assembly, the distributed radio frequency RF signal enters the transmitter power amplification module PA to carry out signal amplification, the amplified RF signal enters the multiplexer to carry out filtering and mixing, the RF signal enters the feed source array after being multiplexed, then the RF signal is optically transformed by the luneberg lens, the gain of the RF signal antenna is improved, and the RF signal antenna is transmitted out in the appointed beam;
in the receiving stage, the signal path is opposite to that in the transmitting stage, the feed source array receives an RF signal transmitted from the outside in a specified wave beam through a luneberg lens, the RF signal is subjected to noise reduction and amplification through a receiver low noise amplifier module L NA after being filtered by a multiplexer, the RF signal enters a switch matrix, the cyclic prefix CP module removes the cyclic prefix of the signal after passing through a frequency converter and an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) module, and the data stream enters a data stream encoder for decoding after performing fast inverse Fourier transform through an inverse fast inverse Fourier transform (IFFT) module.
3. The digital-analog hybrid 3D beamforming device based on luneberg lens antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the N feed source arrays arranged behind the Luneberg lens comprise a first feed source group arranged on the half side of the periphery of the maximum tangential plane of the Luneberg lens.
4. The digital-analog hybrid 3D beamforming device based on the Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the N feed source arrays arranged at the back of the Luneberg lens further comprise second feed source groups arranged at the corresponding half sides of the periphery of a second tangent plane parallel to the maximum tangent plane;
and/or:
the N feed source arrays arranged behind the Luneberg lens further comprise third feed source groups arranged on the corresponding half sides of the periphery of a third tangent plane parallel to the maximum tangent plane.
5. The digital-analog hybrid 3D beamforming device based on luneberg lens antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: each feed in the array of feeds comprises:
a reflective plate;
the dipole array comprises two half-wavelength dipoles which are vertically distributed in a crossed manner, wherein each half-wavelength dipole comprises two crossed polarized array sub-arms;
four L type resonators respectively located between the four cross-polarized array arms;
one end of each balun is connected with the inner end of one of the cross polarization array sub-arms, and the other end of each balun is connected with the reflecting plate;
the inner conductor is positioned at the bottom inside the cavity formed by the four baluns and is connected with the reflecting plate;
the two inverted U-shaped feed parts are positioned in a cavity formed by the four baluns, and respectively comprise a coupling feed sheet in the horizontal direction and two vertical transmission lines respectively connected with two ends of the coupling feed sheet, and the vertical transmission lines are also connected with the inner conductor; the two coupling feed tabs are vertically distributed;
the input and output connector is arranged at the bottom of the outer side of one of the baluns and is in switching connection with the switch matrix;
the half-wavelength dipole is close to the luneberg lens compared with the reflecting plate, and the direction of the half-wavelength dipole points to the spherical center of the luneberg lens.
6. The digital-analog hybrid 3D beamforming device based on the Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the feed source further comprises:
and the fixed dielectric plate is positioned on one side of the half-wavelength dipole, which is far away from the reflecting plate, and is respectively connected with the half-wavelength dipole and the L type resonator.
7. The digital-analog hybrid 3D beamforming device based on the Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and the outer side of the reflecting plate is provided with a surrounding edge with a certain height.
8. The digital-analog hybrid 3D beamforming device based on luneberg lens antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein: and the surrounding edge is stuck with an absorption material.
9. The digital-analog hybrid 3D beamforming device based on the Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the outer end of the cross polarization array sub-arm bends towards the direction of the reflecting plate.
10. The digital-analog hybrid 3D beamforming device based on the Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the feed sources all comprise:
a first feed source, wherein the first feed source adopts the feed source of any one of claims 5-9;
two second feed sources with reflecting plates are respectively arranged on two sides of the first feed source; the second feed source adopts the feed source of any one of claims 5-9, and the size of the second feed source is smaller than that of the first feed source; and are respectively raised by the columns.
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