CN111426872A - High-frequency high-voltage pulse lower short-circuit protection method for detecting multistage voltage dip - Google Patents
High-frequency high-voltage pulse lower short-circuit protection method for detecting multistage voltage dip Download PDFInfo
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- CN111426872A CN111426872A CN202010320089.5A CN202010320089A CN111426872A CN 111426872 A CN111426872 A CN 111426872A CN 202010320089 A CN202010320089 A CN 202010320089A CN 111426872 A CN111426872 A CN 111426872A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
- G01R19/16576—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 comparing DC or AC voltage with one threshold
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a short-circuit protection method under high-frequency high-voltage pulse for detecting multistage voltage sudden drop, which comprises the steps of collecting pulse voltage signals at two ends of a sample through a voltage sensor, and feeding the pulse voltage signals back to a core control board after the pulse voltage signals are reduced in proportion; the collected pulse voltage signal is followed by an operational amplifier circuit; obtaining two pulse voltage signals respectively representing positive and negative polarities by obtaining the pulse voltage signal after the following processing; processing pulse voltage signals respectively representing positive and negative polarities by a multi-stage parallel voltage comparator with the amplitude from small to large, and outputting a plurality of high and low level signals to an IO port of the FPGA; the FPGA detects the received high and low level signals representing the positive and negative polarities, so as to determine the voltage grade in real time and judge whether to start short-circuit protection according to the drop grade of the voltage grade. Through the scheme, the high-voltage pulse testing device has the advantages that the high-voltage pulse testing device and the personal safety are protected, and the high-voltage pulse testing device has high practical value and popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of short-circuit protection of insulation corona resistance test of a variable frequency motor, and particularly relates to a short-circuit protection method under high-frequency high-voltage pulse for detecting multistage voltage sudden drop.
Background
With the development of power electronic technology, variable frequency motors are widely applied to the fields of wind power generation, high-speed railways, new energy vehicles, ship driving and the like. The variable frequency motor works under Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) voltage, an insulation system bears the impact of high-frequency pulse voltage with the same PWM on-off frequency, overvoltage is easily generated due to reasons such as mismatching of end impedance of a stator, and when the overvoltage is unevenly distributed in a motor winding, local area voltage easily exceeds the initial discharge voltage of local discharge, so that local discharge occurs, the insulation electrical aging of the variable frequency motor is accelerated, and the insulation early failure accident of the variable frequency motor is caused.
In order to avoid the early failure of the insulation system of the variable frequency motor, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) proposes that the partial discharge initial discharge voltage and the corona resistant life of the low-voltage scattered winding and high-voltage formed motor should be tested under the repeated pulse voltage before the variable frequency motor is put into use as important parameters for evaluating the insulation system of the variable frequency motor.
When the partial discharge initial discharge voltage and corona resistance test is carried out on the insulation of the variable frequency motor, whether a sample is punctured or not is monitored and judged in real time, and the fact that pulse power supply equipment is turned off in time after the sample is punctured is an important technology for guaranteeing equipment safety and tester safety. The breakdown state of the monitoring sample is equivalent to the output load short-circuit state of the monitoring high-voltage pulse power supply, and the short-circuit state is fed back to the pulse power supply to enable the pulse power supply to be quickly turned off and output.
When the repetitive pulse voltage is connected with an insulation system to be tested, because the current amplitude at the moment of charging and discharging is basically the same as the amplitude during short circuit, the system works in a strong electromagnetic interference environment generated by the disconnection of a power electronic device, and the traditional threshold short-circuit protection circuit under the sine voltage and the direct current voltage has the following problems that only a single voltage comparison threshold exists, if the threshold is set to be higher, the sensitivity of protection movement is reduced, if the threshold is set to be lower, false operation is easy to generate under the strong electromagnetic interference environment, so the traditional short-circuit protection technology under the sine voltage and the direct current voltage is not applicable under the repetitive pulse voltage. At present, short-circuit protection measures for performing corona resistance tests on a pulse power supply at home and abroad are few in reports, most of the short-circuit protection measures are focused on short-circuit protection of power electronic devices, the existing short-circuit protection scheme cannot be suitable for completely packaged modular equipment of the power electronic devices, and the time for implementing the protection measures after short circuit is long, so that the short-circuit protection measures are not beneficial to protecting the devices and personal safety.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a short-circuit protection method under high-frequency high-voltage pulse for detecting multistage voltage sudden drop, which can monitor the breakdown state of a sample in real time, start short-circuit protection within microsecond time after breakdown and protect equipment and personal safety.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a short-circuit protection method under high-frequency high-voltage pulse for detecting multistage voltage sudden drop comprises the following steps:
(S1) acquiring pulse voltage signals at two ends of the sample through a voltage sensor, and feeding the pulse voltage signals back to the core control board after scaling down;
(S2) the collected pulse voltage signal is followed by an operational amplifier circuit;
(S3) obtaining two pulse voltage signals respectively representing positive and negative polarities by obtaining the pulse voltage signal following the processing;
(S4) processing the pulse voltage signals respectively representing the positive polarity and the negative polarity by a multi-stage parallel voltage comparator with the amplitude from small to large, thereby outputting a plurality of high and low level signals to an IO port of the FPGA;
(S5) the FPGA detects the received high and low level signals representing the positive and negative polarities, thereby determining the voltage level in real time, and judging whether to start the short circuit protection according to the drop level of the voltage level.
Further, the ratio in the step (S1) is 1000: 1.
Further, the following processing by the operational amplifier circuit in the step (S2) includes in-phase following and reverse-phase following.
Further, in the step (S4), since the voltage output by the high voltage pulse testing device is the bipolar square wave pulse with the duty ratio of 50%, when the voltage signal peak value representing the positive polarity after the in-phase following processing is higher than the comparison value of the corresponding voltage comparator, the comparator outputs the high and low level signals with the duty ratio of 50% to the FPGA; if the positive polarity voltage signal peak value is lower than the comparison value of the corresponding voltage comparator, the comparator continuously outputs a low level signal to the FPGA; when the peak value of the voltage signal representing the negative polarity after the inverse phase following processing is higher than the comparison value of the corresponding voltage comparator, the comparator outputs high and low level signals with 50 percent duty ratio to the FPGA; if the voltage signal peak value is lower than the comparison value of the corresponding voltage comparator, the comparator continuously outputs a low-level signal to the FPGA.
Specifically, in the step (S5), when the voltage is greatly reduced and the voltage level is decreased, the high and low level signals which originally reach 50% duty ratio of the output end of the voltage comparator corresponding to the voltage level are changed into continuous low level signals, the FPGA judges that the voltage level is decreased accordingly, and when the voltage level is decreased in a short time and exceeds two levels, it is determined that the sample is broken down, and the short-circuit protection is started; and when the voltage level is at the lowest level, the sample is also determined to be broken down when the first-level signal disappears, and short-circuit protection is started.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention sets a plurality of voltage comparators, does not need to repeatedly adjust the comparison values of the voltage comparators, and has quicker and more flexible judgment on the short-circuit state, and the short-circuit protection is caused when the set voltage grade is reduced to exceed two levels, so that the problem of misoperation of the traditional short-circuit protection is solved by avoiding the generation of signal burrs after the overvoltage at the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse voltage is processed by a certain level of voltage comparator and then is input into the FPGA, and the invention can be applied to the strong electromagnetic interference environment generated by the on-off of power electronic devices.
(2) The protection of the invention is bipolar protection, which is faster, more stable and more reliable than unipolar protection, thereby avoiding the problem of protection delay in unipolar protection and effectively protecting the safety of a system and a tester.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a voltage conversion signal of the voltage protection comparator according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a multi-stage voltage signal conversion circuit for voltage protection according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the variation process of the sample breakdown instant output pulse under the voltage protection of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a method for short-circuit protection under high-frequency high-voltage pulse for detecting multi-stage voltage dip includes installing a voltage sensor at two ends of a sample to collect pulse voltage signals, and transmitting the collected signals to a core control board through a signal line after the collected signals are reduced by a ratio of 1000: 1. After the pulse voltage signal reaches the control board, the same-phase following and the opposite-phase following are respectively carried out by the operational amplification circuit, and two pulse voltage signals respectively representing positive and negative polarities are obtained. And a plurality of stages of parallel voltage comparators are arranged behind the operational amplifier circuit, and the comparison amplitude values are distributed from small to large. Two pulse voltage signals respectively representing positive and negative polarities are processed by a multi-level voltage comparator at the same time, a plurality of high and low level signals respectively representing the positive and negative polarities are output to the FPGA, the highest voltage level is locked through a logic switch of FPGA internal software, and finally the breakdown state of the sample can be judged when the highest voltage level suddenly drops over two levels in a short time or the highest voltage level is at the lowest level and then drops to zero level.
As shown in fig. 2, the voltage comparator converts the irregular pulse voltage signal into a standard square wave voltage signal with a certain amplitude, and inputs the standard square wave voltage signal into the FPGA, and when the peak value of the processed pulse voltage is higher than the comparison value of the comparator, the voltage comparator outputs high and low square wave levels with a periodic duty ratio of 50%. Because the pulse voltage is bipolar voltage with 50% duty ratio, for the voltage comparator at the positive polarity end, when the applied voltage is at the positive polarity moment and the peak value of the processed voltage signal is greater than the voltage comparison value, the comparator outputs a high level signal, and when the applied voltage is inverted to the negative polarity, the peak value of the processed voltage signal is less than the comparison value of the comparator at the positive polarity end, so that a low level signal is output, and the periodic high and low square wave levels with 50% duty ratio are obtained; and when the pulse voltage is in the positive polarity moment and the processed voltage signal peak value is lower than the comparison value of the comparator, the comparator continuously outputs a low-level signal. The voltage grade of the current positive polarity voltage can be judged by counting the high-level pulse width of the square wave signals output by the different voltage comparators, so that the short-circuit state is judged according to the drop of the voltage grade. The negative polarity voltage is the same as the high and low level signals output by the comparator.
Fig. 3 shows the principle of multi-level voltage signal conversion. When a pulse voltage signal representing positive polarity passes through the multistage comparison circuit, a voltage peak value is larger than a comparison value of the first-stage comparator, the first-stage comparator outputs high and low level signals with a periodic duty ratio of 50% to the FPGA, when the voltage peak value is larger than a comparison value of the second-stage comparator, the second-stage comparator also outputs high and low level signals with a periodic duty ratio of 50% to the FPGA, when the voltage peak value is not larger than the comparison value of the corresponding comparator, the low level signals are continuously output to the FPGA, and by analogy, voltage signals with negative polarity are the same. Thus, the FPGA receives a plurality of level signals representing voltage levels. When the corresponding IO port inputs high level and low level of periodic 50% duty ratio, namely when detecting that a high level signal exists, the corresponding voltage level exists, the highest level voltage signal existing at present is detected and refreshed in real time, after the sample is broken down, the voltage is rapidly reduced, the output of the corresponding comparator is changed from the high level and the low level of the 50% duty ratio to the continuous low level, and therefore the reduction of the voltage can be judged. And when the short-time internal voltage level is reduced to exceed two levels, the sample is determined to be broken down, and short-circuit protection is started. And when the voltage level is at the lowest level, the sample is also determined to be broken down when the first-level signal disappears, and short-circuit protection is started.
The multistage voltage protection is arranged because in an ideal state, a voltage signal at the terminal of a sample is suddenly reduced to zero at the moment of the breakdown of a load capacitor sample of a high-voltage pulse corona-resistant test system, but in an extremely-uneven electric field, the sample may first undergo a process from corona discharge to spark discharge before being broken down, and then transition to arc discharge until being broken down. As shown in fig. 4, in the variation process of the output pulse voltage signal of the high-voltage pulse corona-resistant test system, ideally, the transition process does not exist or the transition time is extremely short, and the voltage can be rapidly reduced to zero when the load capacitor sample is broken down, but actually, the voltage may be a zigzag reduction process. In the zigzag descending process, if only a single-stage voltage comparator exists, when the voltage comparison value is set to be low, the voltage signal peak value exceeds the comparison value more, when a sample is broken down, the voltage descends slowly, the voltage signal peak value can be lower than the voltage comparison value for a longer time, the input signal of the FPGA is changed, and short-circuit protection is triggered; if the voltage comparison value is set to be higher, when the peak value of the applied voltage is always smaller than the voltage comparison value, the level signal input into the FPGA is continuously at a low level, and the breakdown state cannot be judged to start the short-circuit protection, so that a plurality of voltage comparators are set, the comparison value of the voltage comparators is prevented from being adjusted repeatedly, and the judgment on the short-circuit state is quicker and more flexible. In order to avoid the influence of the over-voltage at the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse voltage on logic judgment caused by the burr generated at a certain level of voltage comparator, the voltage protection malfunction is triggered when the set voltage level is reduced beyond two levels. The bipolar protection is faster, more stable and more reliable than the unipolar protection, the situation that the unipolar protection is arranged on the positive polarity side, the sample breakdown occurs on the negative polarity side, the level signal change can be detected only after the voltage polarity is inverted into the positive polarity, and the protection is started is avoided.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but all changes that can be made by applying the principles of the present invention and performing non-inventive work on the basis of the principles shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A short-circuit protection method under high-frequency high-voltage pulse for detecting multistage voltage sudden drop is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(S1) acquiring pulse voltage signals at two ends of the sample through a voltage sensor, and feeding the pulse voltage signals back to the core control board after scaling down;
(S2) the collected pulse voltage signal is followed by an operational amplifier circuit;
(S3) obtaining two pulse voltage signals respectively representing positive and negative polarities by obtaining the pulse voltage signal following the processing;
(S4) processing the pulse voltage signals respectively representing the positive polarity and the negative polarity by a multi-stage parallel voltage comparator with the amplitude from small to large, thereby outputting a plurality of high and low level signals to an IO port of the FPGA;
(S5) the FPGA detects the received high and low level signals representing the positive and negative polarities, thereby determining the voltage level in real time, and judging whether to start the short circuit protection according to the drop level of the voltage level.
2. The short-circuit protection method under high-frequency high-voltage pulse for detecting multi-level voltage dip according to claim 1, wherein the ratio in the step (S1) is 1000: 1.
3. The short-circuit protection method under high-frequency high-voltage pulse for detecting multiple voltage dips as claimed in claim 2, wherein the following processing by the operational amplifier circuit in said step (S2) includes in-phase following and reverse-phase following.
4. The short-circuit protection method under high-frequency high-voltage pulse for detecting multi-stage voltage dip as claimed in claim 3, wherein in said step (S4), since the voltage outputted by the high-voltage pulse testing equipment is bipolar square wave pulse with 50% duty cycle, when the voltage signal peak value representing positive polarity after in-phase following processing is higher than the comparison value of the corresponding voltage comparator, the comparator outputs 50% duty cycle high and low level signals to FPGA; if the positive polarity voltage signal peak value is lower than the comparison value of the corresponding voltage comparator, the comparator continuously outputs a low level signal to the FPGA; when the peak value of the voltage signal representing the negative polarity after the inverse phase following processing is higher than the comparison value of the corresponding voltage comparator, the comparator outputs high and low level signals with 50 percent duty ratio to the FPGA; if the voltage signal peak value is lower than the comparison value of the corresponding voltage comparator, the comparator continuously outputs a low-level signal to the FPGA.
5. The short-circuit protection method under high-frequency high-voltage pulse for detecting multi-level voltage dip as claimed in claim 4, wherein in said step (S5), when the voltage is greatly reduced and the voltage level is dropped, the high and low level signals which have previously reached 50% duty ratio of the output terminal of the voltage comparator corresponding to the voltage level are changed into continuous low level signals, the FPGA determines that the voltage level is dropped, when the voltage level is dropped more than two levels in a short time, the FPGA determines that the sample is broken down and starts the short-circuit protection; and when the voltage level is at the lowest level, the sample is also determined to be broken down when the first-level signal disappears, and short-circuit protection is started.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112881941A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-06-01 | 东莞市嘉仕新能电子仪器设备有限公司 | Insulation test method capable of detecting capillary short circuit of battery core and corresponding battery conduction insulation detector |
| CN113960435A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-21 | 湖南小快智造电子科技有限公司 | Fault arc signal processing circuit and single-phase fault arc detector adopting same |
| CN114089182A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-25 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Transformer fault early warning tripping method and device based on secondary wave recording |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113960435A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-21 | 湖南小快智造电子科技有限公司 | Fault arc signal processing circuit and single-phase fault arc detector adopting same |
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| CN114089182A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-25 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Transformer fault early warning tripping method and device based on secondary wave recording |
| CN114089182B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-08-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Transformer fault early warning tripping method and device based on secondary wave recording |
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