CN111424484A - 一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法 - Google Patents
一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法，其特征是该方法包括：（1）将巴氏芽孢杆菌放入培养基中配制成微生物溶液，将尿素、氯化钙与水混合配制成胶结液；（2）将混合料、微生物溶液和水混合搅拌均匀，再加入胶结液与水混合配制成改良混合料；（3）对原地面进行整平压实，铺设土工膜，改良混合料和土工格栅，在路堤铺设完成后，在路堤顶面铺设最后一层土工膜，然后再铺设路床。该方法可以满足高等级公路黄土改良路堤施工要求，并可消耗磷石膏，减少对耕地的占用。经微生物改良后的磷石膏，可以对有害元素进行固化，降低对环境的污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及路基工程领域，具体涉及一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法。
背景技术
黄土具有湿陷性，抗侵蚀能力差，易产生较严重的水土流失。黄土路堤会因为雨水渗入或地下水上升导致路面发生沉陷病害。黄土路堤处置的传统方法多采用水泥改良、石灰改良、强夯、挤密桩等工程措施。这些传统方法在一定程度上可以适当提高路基承载力，但也存在因改良失效导致的路面不均匀沉降病害。
磷石膏是化工厂用磷石灰与硫酸作用，湿法生产磷酸时产生的副产品，制取1吨磷酸产生约5吨磷石膏。磷石膏是一种粉状材料，几乎没有可塑性，并残存有磷酸、硫酸和氢氟酸，偏酸性，并含有丰富的有效磷，可以供植物生长。我国的磷石膏年产生800余万吨，到2011年底，中国已累计堆积了超过3亿吨磷石膏。如果可以通过一定的技术措施，将磷石膏应用到工程设计中，将可以大量消耗磷石膏的堆存，一方面节约了土地资源，避免磷石膏坝发生溃坝灾害，另一方面又可以变废为宝，发挥磷石膏的有益作用。
土壤中含有大量微生物群，选取具有一定功能的微生物，经过培养，可以用于胶结土壤颗粒，固化土体，提高路基承载能力。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法，一方面提高黄土路堤改良的承载力，另一方面，可以消耗固体废弃物磷石膏，节约土地资源，变废为宝。
本发明的技术解决方案是：一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将巴氏芽孢杆菌放入培养基中配制成微生物溶液，将尿素、氯化钙与水混合配制成胶结液；
（2）将混合料、微生物溶液和水混合搅拌均匀，再加入胶结液与水混合配制成改良混合料；
（3）对原地面进行整平压实，铺设第一层土工膜，在第一层土工膜上面铺设第一层改良混合料，按照压实度要求压实后，在第一层改良混合料顶面铺设第二层土工膜，在第二层土工膜上面铺设第二层改良混合料，按照压实度要求压实；
（4）在第二层改良混合料顶面铺设第一层土工格栅，在第一层土工格栅上面铺设第三层改良混合料，按照压实度要求压实，依次，每铺设三层改良混合料，铺设一层土工格栅，
（5）在路堤铺设完成后，在路堤顶面铺设最后一层土工膜，然后再铺设路床。
步骤（1）中，培养基中的混合溶质包括豆粕、(NH4)2SO4、Na2HPO4、NaOH，以质量份数计，称取40份豆粕、10份(NH4)2SO4、3.55份Na2HPO4、40份NaOH，配制成培养基混合溶质，将培养基混合溶质与水混合调配成液体培养基，液体培养基中豆粕的含量控制在20~ 60 g/L，将液体培养基在121℃的高压灭菌锅内密封灭菌25分钟后，冷却至30±2 ℃备用，以体积份数计，将1份巴氏芽孢杆菌液加入到100份液体培养基中制成微生物溶液，把微生物溶液放入30℃条件下的恒温震荡培养箱内，以200 rpm转速振荡培养24小时以上，直到微生物溶液内巴氏芽孢杆菌的OD600为1.5±0.2。
步骤（1）中，胶结液中的混合溶质包括尿素和氯化钙，以质量份数计，称取2份尿素和1份氯化钙，尿素为颗粒状，氯化钙为粉末状，混合溶质与水混合配制成0.5±0.1mol浓度的胶结液。
步骤（2）中，混合料包括磷石膏、碱性矿渣和黄土，以干燥状态下的质量份数计，称取磷石膏3份，碱性矿渣7份，黄土90份，混合搅拌均匀，配制成混合料。
步骤（2）中，以体积份数计，称取50~60份混合料、2份微生物溶液、10份胶结液和8份水，先将50~60份混合料、2份微生物溶液和4份水混合搅拌均匀，再加10份胶结液与4份水搅拌均匀，配制成改良混合料，整个过程只加入一次微生物溶液和一次胶结液。
步骤（3）中，要求在6小时内，将配制好的改良混合料铺设碾压完毕，每层改良混合料松铺厚度为30~ 40cm，采用压路机压实，土工膜采用高密度聚乙烯防渗土工膜。
步骤（3）中，土工格栅采用聚丙烯双向拉伸土工格栅，纵横向拉伸屈服力要求不小于30kN/m.
本发明优点：
该施工方法简单，可以满足高等级公路黄土改良路堤施工要求，同时可以消耗固体废弃物磷石膏，减少对耕地的占用，变废为宝。微生物培养采用廉价培养基，降低了使用成本，经微生物改良后的磷石膏，可以实现对有害元素的固化，降低对环境的污染。
本发明适用范围：
适用于高速公路路堤工程施工，一级路及其它等级的路基工程等施工。
具体实施方式：
实施例：一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）培养基与微生物溶液配制：称取40kg豆粕、10kg(NH4)2SO4、3.55kgNa2HPO4、40kgNaOH，配制成培养基混合溶质，将培养基混合溶质与1000kg水混合调配成液体培养基，将液体培养基在121℃的高压灭菌锅内密封灭菌25分钟后，冷却至30 ℃备用，将10L巴氏芽孢杆菌液加入到液体培养基中制成微生物溶液，把微生物溶液放入30℃条件下的恒温震荡培养箱内，以200 rpm转速振荡培养24小时以上，直到微生物溶液内巴氏芽孢杆菌的OD600为1.5；
（2）胶结液配制：称取1200kg尿素和600kg氯化钙，与水混合配制成0.5mol浓度的胶结液10100L；
（3）混合料配制：称取磷石膏2.42t，碱性矿渣5.64t，黄土72.54t，混合搅拌均匀，配制成混合料；
（4）改良混合料配制：将57.57立方米混合料、2.02立方米微生物溶液和4.04立方米水混合搅拌均匀，然后再加入10.1立方米胶结液和4.04立方米水搅拌均匀后，配制成改良混合料，混合料的松散密度按1.4g/cm3计算；
（5）对原地面进行整平压实，铺设第一层土工膜，在第一层土工膜上面铺设第一层改良混合料，按照压实度要求压实后，在第一层改良混合料顶面铺设第二层土工膜，在第二层土工膜上面铺设第二层改良混合料，按照压实度要求压实，
（4）在第二层改良混合料顶面铺设第一层土工格栅，在第一层土工格栅上面铺设第三层改良混合料，按照压实度要求压实，每铺设三层改良混合料，铺设一层土工格栅，
（5）在路堤铺设完成后，在路堤顶面铺设最后一层土工膜，然后再铺设路床。
Claims (7)
1.一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）将巴氏芽孢杆菌放入培养基中配制成微生物溶液，将尿素、氯化钙与水混合配制成胶结液；
（2）将混合料、微生物溶液和水混合搅拌均匀，再加入胶结液与水混合配制成改良混合料；
（3）对原地面进行整平压实，铺设第一层土工膜，在第一层土工膜上面铺设第一层改良混合料，按照压实度要求压实后，在第一层改良混合料顶面铺设第二层土工膜，在第二层土工膜上面铺设第二层改良混合料，按照压实度要求压实；
（4）在第二层改良混合料顶面铺设第一层土工格栅，在第一层土工格栅上面铺设第三层改良混合料，按照压实度要求压实，依次，每铺设三层改良混合料，铺设一层土工格栅；
（5）在路堤铺设完成后，在路堤顶面铺设最后一层土工膜，然后再铺设路床。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中，培养基中的混合溶质包括豆粕、(NH4)2SO4、Na2HPO4、NaOH，以质量份数计，称取40份豆粕、10份(NH4)2SO4、3.55份Na2HPO4、40份NaOH，配制成培养基混合溶质，将培养基混合溶质与水混合调配成液体培养基，液体培养基中豆粕的含量控制在20~ 60 g/L，将液体培养基在121℃的高压灭菌锅内密封灭菌25分钟后，冷却至30±2 ℃备用，以体积份数计，将1份巴氏芽孢杆菌液加入到100份液体培养基中制成微生物溶液，把微生物溶液放入30℃条件下的恒温震荡培养箱内，以200 rpm转速振荡培养24小时以上，直到微生物溶液内巴氏芽孢杆菌的OD600为1.5±0.2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中，胶结液中的混合溶质包括尿素和氯化钙，以质量份数计，称取2份尿素和1份氯化钙，尿素为颗粒状，氯化钙为粉末状，混合溶质与水混合配制成0.5±0.1mol浓度的胶结液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中，混合料包括磷石膏、碱性矿渣和黄土，以干燥状态下的质量份数计，称取磷石膏3份，碱性矿渣7份，黄土90份，混合搅拌均匀，配制成混合料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中，以体积份数计，称取50~60份混合料、2份微生物溶液、10份胶结液和8份水，先将50~60份混合料、2份微生物溶液和4份水混合搅拌均匀，再加10份胶结液与4份水搅拌均匀，配制成改良混合料，整个过程只加入一次微生物溶液和一次胶结液。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中，要求在6小时内，将配制好的改良混合料铺设碾压完毕，每层改良混合料松铺厚度为30~40cm，采用压路机压实，土工膜采用高密度聚乙烯防渗土工膜。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物矿化与磷石膏联合加固黄土路堤的施工方法，其特征在于，步骤（4）中，土工格栅采用聚丙烯双向拉伸土工格栅，纵横向拉伸屈服力要求不小于30kN/m。
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