CN111421150A

CN111421150A - High-precision liquid static pressure spindle

Info

Publication number: CN111421150A
Application number: CN202010449234.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 章杰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-05-25
Filing date: 2020-05-25
Publication date: 2020-07-17

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision hydrostatic pressure motorized spindle, which comprises a spindle box body, a rotating spindle and two shaft sleeves, wherein the rotating spindle and the two shaft sleeves are arranged in the spindle box body, the two shaft sleeves are sleeved on the rotating spindle, a plurality of oil cavities are respectively machined on the inner hole walls of the two shaft sleeves, a plurality of oil ducts are machined in the two shaft sleeves, one end of each oil duct is communicated with any oil cavity, the other end of each oil duct penetrates through the outer ring wall of the shaft sleeve, a high-pressure oil inlet is formed in one side of the spindle box body, an oil outlet is formed in the other side of the spindle box body, one end of each oil duct, which is far away. The invention adopts liquid as a suspension supporting medium of the rotating main shaft, and the plunger type feedback throttler is arranged in the corresponding oil duct, so that the plunger type feedback throttler can ensure that the corresponding shaft sleeve forms high-strength and high-rigidity support for the main shaft, thereby ensuring the high rotation precision of the rotating main shaft.

Description

High-precision liquid static pressure spindle

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of precision and ultra-precision machining, in particular to a high-precision hydrostatic pressure motorized spindle.

Background

At present, most of electric spindles used in numerical control lathes and numerical control machining centers adopt ball bearings and roller bearings, the electric spindles belong to a mechanical bearing hard contact type supporting structure, the interior of the electric spindle adopting the mechanical bearing is very complicated, the precision requirements of all parts are very high, and the assembly difficulty is high. The machining precision of the electric main shaft of the mechanical bearing is influenced by the rotation precision of the bearing, and the ball bearing and the roller bearing are adopted, so that the bearing is abraded to a certain extent, and the high rotation precision of the bearing can not be ensured for a long time.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-precision hydrostatic pressure electric main shaft, which adopts liquid as a suspension supporting medium of a rotating main shaft, and a plunger type feedback restrictor is arranged in a corresponding oil passage, so that the plunger type feedback restrictor can enable a corresponding shaft sleeve to form high-strength and high-rigidity support for the main shaft, thereby ensuring the high rotation precision of the rotating main shaft.

The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps: a high-precision hydrostatic pressure motorized spindle comprises a spindle box body, a rotary spindle, a first shaft sleeve and a second shaft sleeve, wherein the rotary spindle, the first shaft sleeve and the second shaft sleeve are arranged in the spindle box body in a sleeved mode, a motor rotor and a motor stator are sequentially sleeved on the rotary spindle from inside to outside, the motor rotor and the motor stator are located between the first shaft sleeve and the second shaft sleeve, a plurality of first oil cavities are formed in the inner hole wall of the first shaft sleeve and are circumferentially arranged along the central axis of the first shaft sleeve, a plurality of first oil channels are formed in the first shaft sleeve, one end of each first oil channel is communicated with any one first oil cavity, the other end of each first oil channel penetrates through the outer ring wall of the first shaft sleeve, a plurality of second oil cavities are formed in the inner hole wall of the second shaft sleeve and are circumferentially arranged along the central axis of the second shaft sleeve, a plurality of second oil channels are formed in the second shaft sleeve, one end of each second oil channel is communicated, the other end of the second oil duct penetrates through the outer annular wall of the second shaft sleeve, a high-pressure oil inlet communicated with the inner cavity of the main shaft box is formed in one side of the main shaft box, an oil outlet communicated with the inner cavity of the main shaft box is formed in the other side of the main shaft box, one end, far away from the first oil cavity, of each first oil duct is communicated with the high-pressure oil inlet, one end, far away from the second oil cavity, of each second oil duct is communicated with the high-pressure oil inlet, and a plunger type feedback throttle is arranged in each first oil duct.

Furthermore, the outer ring walls of the first shaft sleeve and the second shaft sleeve are matched with the inner hole wall of the main shaft box body, the motor stator is sleeved with a cooling cylinder sleeve, a spiral groove is formed in the outer ring wall of the cooling copper sleeve, two ends of the spiral groove respectively penetrate through the end faces of two sides of the cooling copper sleeve, a high-pressure oil inlet of the main shaft box body is communicated with the spiral groove of the cooling copper sleeve, and a cooling oil storage cavity is formed between each of two ends of the cooling copper sleeve and the end faces of the first shaft sleeve and the second shaft sleeve.

Furthermore, an even number of first oil ducts are processed in the first shaft sleeve, every two first oil ducts form a group, the two first oil ducts in each group are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the first shaft sleeve, an even number of second oil ducts are processed in the second shaft sleeve, every two second oil ducts form a group, and the two second oil ducts in each group are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the second shaft sleeve.

Further, the plunger type feedback throttler comprises a working body and a comparison body, wherein the working body and the comparison body are both provided with inner cavities, the inner cavity of the working body penetrates one side of the working body, the inner cavity of the comparison body penetrates one side of the comparison body, the side, penetrated by the inner cavity, of the working body is hermetically connected with the side, penetrated by the inner cavity, of the comparison body, the inner cavity of the working body comprises a first liquid inlet flow channel, a working cavity and a first liquid outlet flow channel, one end of the first liquid inlet flow channel penetrates one side of the working body and is communicated with a corresponding oil duct, the other end of the first liquid outlet flow channel is communicated with the working cavity, the inner cavity of the comparison body comprises a second liquid inlet flow channel and a comparison cavity, one end of the second, the working cavity is communicated with the comparison cavity, a feedback adjusting cavity is formed between the working cavity and the comparison cavity, and an adjusting plunger is movably arranged in the feedback throttling cavity.

Furthermore, the working type body and the comparison type body are both cylinders, a protrusion is machined on one side end face of the working type body, a groove matched with the protrusion is machined on one side end face of the comparison type body, the protrusion of the working type body and the groove of the comparison type body are mutually in sealed insertion and matching, a sink groove cavity is machined on one side end face of the working type body, which is far away from the protrusion, and one end of the first liquid outlet flow channel is communicated with the sink groove cavity; the end face of one side, far away from the bulge, of the working body is provided with a plurality of shunting holes communicated with the working cavity, and one end, far away from the working cavity, of each shunting hole is communicated with the sink cavity.

Furthermore, the first liquid inlet flow channel comprises a first liquid inlet channel, a first branch flow channel and a first liquid inlet channel, one end of the first liquid inlet channel is communicated with the side wall of one side of the working type body and is communicated with a corresponding oil duct, the other end of the first liquid inlet channel is communicated with the first liquid inlet channel, one end of the first liquid inlet channel, which is far away from the first liquid inlet channel, is communicated with the working cavity, one end of the first branch flow channel is communicated with the first liquid inlet channel, the other end of the first branch flow channel is communicated with one side end face, which is close to the comparison type body, of the working type body, the second liquid inlet flow channel comprises a second liquid inlet channel and a second liquid inlet channel, one end of the second liquid, one end of the second flow inlet channel, which is communicated with the comparison molded body, is connected and communicated with one end of the first branch flow channel, which is communicated with the working molded body, the other end of the second flow inlet channel is communicated with the second flow inlet channel, and one end of the second flow inlet channel, which is far away from the second flow inlet channel, is communicated with the comparison cavity.

Furthermore, the first flow inlet channel is arranged along the axial direction of the working molded body, the second flow inlet channel is arranged along the axial direction of the comparison molded body, the feedback adjusting cavity is a cylindrical cavity, the first flow inlet channel, the second flow inlet channel and the feedback adjusting cavity are coaxially distributed, the adjusting plunger is matched with the feedback adjusting cavity in shape, and the axis of the adjusting plunger is overlapped with or parallel to the axis of the feedback adjusting cavity.

Furthermore, the distance between the end surface of one side of the adjusting plunger and the end surface of the feedback adjusting cavity, which is close to each other, is 0.1-0.4 mm, and the distance between the side annular wall of the adjusting plunger and the side annular wall of the feedback adjusting cavity is 0.001-0.005 mm.

Furthermore, the working cavity and the comparison cavity are both two-stage stepped cylindrical cavities, the diameter expanding section of the working cavity is communicated with the first inflow channel, the diameter expanding section of the comparison cavity is communicated with the second inflow channel, the diameter reducing section of the working cavity is connected and communicated with the diameter reducing section of the comparison cavity, and the distance between the side annular wall of the adjusting plunger and the diameter reducing sections of the working cavity and the diameter reducing section of the comparison cavity is 0.001-0.005 mm.

Furthermore, an annular groove is formed in the side wall of the working molded body, the axis of the annular groove coincides with the axis of the working molded body, one end, far away from the first flow inlet channel, of the first flow inlet channel is communicated with the annular groove, and one end, far away from the second flow inlet channel, of the second flow inlet channel is communicated with the annular groove.

The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the static pressure electric spindle provided by the embodiment of the invention, liquid (hydraulic oil) is filled into the spindle box, then enters the supporting shaft sleeve, oil floating support is carried out on two ends of the rotating spindle, and meanwhile, the plunger type feedback throttler is arranged in the oil duct of the supporting shaft sleeve, has the advantages of spontaneity and active compensation, can throttle and control the liquid, so that the corresponding shaft sleeve forms high-strength and high-rigidity support for the rotating spindle, and finally ensures high rotation precision of the rotating spindle.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hydrostatic electric spindle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a plunger-type feedback choke provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a plunger type feedback restrictor provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Icon: 1-a plunger type feedback restrictor; 2-main shaft box body; 3-rotating the main shaft; 4-a motor rotor; 5-a motor stator; 6-cooling the cylinder sleeve; 7-a first sleeve; 8-a second shaft sleeve; 9-high pressure oil inlet hole; 10-oil outlet holes; 11-oil duct holes; 12-a first oil gallery; 13-a first oil chamber; 14-a second oil passage; 15-a second oil chamber; 101-a working shape; 102-comparative type; 103-a first liquid inlet flow channel; 104-a working chamber; 105-a first liquid outlet channel; 106-projection; 107-sink chamber; 108-a shunt hole; 109-a second liquid inlet flow channel; 110-a comparison chamber; 111-adjusting the plunger; 112-expanding groove; 113-an annular groove; 1031-a first inlet channel; 1032-first inlet channel; 1033-a first shunt channel; 1091-a second inlet channel; 1092-second inlet channel.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, the terms "parallel," "perpendicular," and the like do not require that the components be absolutely parallel or perpendicular, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "parallel" merely means that the directions are more parallel relative to "perpendicular," and does not mean that the structures are necessarily perfectly parallel, but may be slightly tilted.

The terms "substantially", "essentially", and the like are intended to indicate that the relative terms are not required to be absolutely exact, but may have some deviation. For example: "substantially equal" does not mean absolute equality, but it is difficult to achieve absolute equality in actual production and operation, and some deviation generally exists. Thus, in addition to absolute equality, "substantially equal" also includes the above-described case where there is some deviation. In this case, unless otherwise specified, terms such as "substantially", and the like are used in a similar manner to those described above.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Examples

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a high-precision hydrostatic motorized spindle, which includes a spindle housing 2, and a rotating spindle 3, a first sleeve 7, and a second sleeve 8 disposed in the spindle housing 2, wherein the first sleeve 7 and the second sleeve 8 are both sleeved on the rotating spindle 3, and preferably, the first sleeve 7 and the second sleeve 8 are respectively located at positions of the rotating spindle 3 near two ends, so as to support positions of the rotating spindle 3 near two ends, so as to obtain higher stability. The motor rotor 4 and the motor stator 5 are sequentially sleeved on the rotating main shaft 3 from inside to outside, and the motor rotor 4 and the motor stator 5 are located between the first shaft sleeve 7 and the second shaft sleeve 8 so as to form a structural condition for driving the middle of the rotating main shaft 3 to rotate. In this embodiment, four first oil chambers 13 are processed on the inner hole wall of the first shaft sleeve 7, the four first oil chambers 13 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the first shaft sleeve 7, an oil discharge groove is arranged between the adjacent first oil chambers 13, and liquid (hydraulic oil) in the first oil chambers 13 can be discharged into the inner cavity space in the middle of the main shaft box 2 through the communication effect of the oil discharge grooves. Similarly, four second oil chambers 15 are formed in the inner hole wall of the second shaft sleeve 8, the four second oil chambers 15 are circumferentially arranged along the central axis of the second shaft sleeve 8, an oil discharge groove is formed between every two adjacent first oil chambers 13, and liquid (hydraulic oil) in the first oil chambers 13 can be discharged into the inner cavity space in the middle of the main shaft box 2 through the communication effect of the oil discharge grooves. A high-pressure oil inlet hole 9 communicated with an inner cavity of the main shaft box body 2 is formed in one side of the main shaft box body 2, an oil outlet hole 10 communicated with the inner cavity of the main shaft box body 2 is formed in the other side of the main shaft box body 2, and the high-pressure oil inlet hole 9 and the oil outlet hole 10 are oppositely arranged, so that high-pressure oil can fill the whole main shaft box body 2 to form a complete oil way recovery channel (the consideration of the sealing performance is not the invention point of the application, and therefore the description is omitted).

A plurality of first oil channels 12 are formed in the first shaft sleeve 7, and one end of each first oil channel 12 is communicated with any one of the first oil chambers 13, that is, one end of each first oil channel 12 can be communicated with any one of the first oil chambers 13, so as to ensure that the first oil chamber 13 performs oil floating support on the proximal end position of the rotating main shaft 3. The other end of the first oil duct 12 penetrates through the outer annular wall of the first shaft sleeve 7 and is communicated with the high-pressure oil inlet hole 9 through an oil duct hole 11 machined in the main shaft box 2, so that liquid entering the high-pressure oil inlet hole 9 enters each first oil duct 12 through the oil duct hole 11, and oil floating support can be performed on the position of the proximal end portion of the rotary main shaft 3. Similarly, a plurality of second oil ducts 14 are formed in the second shaft sleeve 8, one end of each second oil duct 14 is communicated with any one second oil chamber 15, the other end of each second oil duct 14 penetrates through the outer annular wall of the second shaft sleeve 8 and is communicated with the high-pressure oil inlet 9 through an oil duct hole 11 formed in the main shaft box body 2, the oil duct hole 11 and the oil duct hole 11 can be located in the same working horizontal plane or different working horizontal planes, and the design and processing can be performed according to the requirement of convenience in processing of the whole main shaft box body 2. In order to enable the liquid in the first oil chamber 13 and the second oil chamber 15 to have a better throttling control function when the rotating main shaft 3 is supported in an oil floating mode so as to enable the rotating main shaft 3 to obtain enough supporting rigidity and high-precision rotation performance, each first oil duct 12 and each second oil duct 14 are internally provided with a plunger type feedback throttling device 1, the plunger type feedback throttling devices 1 are fixedly assembled in the corresponding oil ducts, the corresponding oil ducts refer to the first oil duct 12 or the second oil duct 14 corresponding to the installation positions, and the corresponding oil ducts refer to the same indication. In this embodiment, the plunger-type feedback restrictor 1 has the advantages of spontaneity and active compensation, and can perform the throttling and controlling functions on the liquid, so that the corresponding first shaft sleeve 7 or second shaft sleeve 8 forms a high-strength and high-rigidity support for the rotating main shaft 3, and finally ensures high rotation precision of the rotating main shaft 3.

In this embodiment, because electric motor rotor 4 and motor stator 5 can produce great heat at the during operation, hydraulic oil has the oil cooling effect, and present electric main shaft mostly all adopts the cold mode of shell oil, though can carry out better cooling effect to the shell, but it is little to electric motor rotor 4 and motor stator 5 cooling effect in it, and cooling barrel casing 6 has been add here, not only have the cooling effect of preferred to main shaft box 2, have better cooling effect equally to electric motor rotor 4 and motor stator 5, in addition can also lead to hydraulic oil, make its more evenly distributed in main shaft box body 2 inner chambers, also can reach even oil floating supporting effect when reaching even cooling effect. Specifically, the outer annular walls of the first shaft sleeve 7 and the second shaft sleeve 8 are both matched with the inner hole wall of the main shaft box 2, wherein the matching refers to one of clearance fit, transition fit or interference fit, the motor stator 5 is sleeved with a cooling cylinder sleeve 6, the outer annular wall of the cooling cylinder sleeve 6 is matched with the inner hole wall of the main shaft box 2, a spiral groove is machined in the outer annular wall of the cooling copper sleeve 6, preferably one spiral groove is formed, two end ports of the spiral groove respectively penetrate through the end faces of two sides of the cooling copper sleeve 6, a high-pressure oil inlet 9 of the main shaft box 2 is communicated with the spiral groove of the cooling copper sleeve 6, liquid enters the spiral groove through the high-pressure oil inlet 9 and respectively enters the inner cavity in the middle of the main shaft box 2 from two sides of the spiral groove, a cooling oil storage cavity is formed between two ends of the cooling copper sleeve 6 and the end faces of the first shaft sleeve 7 and the second shaft sleeve 8, and the liquid entering the main shaft box, the motor rotor 4, the motor stator 5, and the inside of the entire spindle case 2 can be oil-cooled. In addition, the longitudinal section of the cooling oil storage cavity is annular, and liquid can flow back to the hydraulic station from the oil outlet 10 after being filled in the main shaft box body 2, so that complete oil passage circulation is formed, and the liquid in the main shaft box body 2 is dynamically balanced.

When one side of the rotating main shaft 3 is loaded, the balanced state of the liquid in the main shaft box 2 is broken, and in order to increase the stability of the balanced state, in this embodiment, an even number of first oil ducts 12 are processed in the first shaft sleeve 7, every two first oil ducts 12 form a group, the two first oil ducts 12 in each group are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the first shaft sleeve 7, similarly, an even number of second oil ducts 14 are processed in the second shaft sleeve 8, every two second oil ducts 14 form a group, and the two second oil ducts 14 in each group are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the second shaft sleeve 8. The distribution form of the oil channels can well play the throttling control function of the plunger type feedback throttler 1 in the corresponding oil channel, when one side of the rotating main shaft 3 is loaded, the plunger type feedback throttlers 1 in the two corresponding oil channels in one group mutually supplement each other, and can form a sufficient dragging function on the rotating main shaft, so that the acting force and the offset generated by the rotating main shaft 3 during loading are instantly recovered, and the better rigidity of the rotating main shaft 3 is ensured.

The plunger type feedback restrictor 1 is explained by using one group of oil passages and the plunger type feedback restrictor 1 inside the oil passages, wherein the plunger type feedback restrictor 1 comprises an operating body 101 and a comparison body 102 which are both provided with inner cavities, the shapes of the operating body 101 and the comparison body 102 can be regular cuboids, regular polyprisms, cones, cylinders or combinations of the two, or irregular step cylinders or other shapes, in the embodiment, in order to adapt to the shapes of corresponding oil passages (a first oil passage 12 or a second oil passage 14), the operating body 101 and the comparison body 102 are roughly cylinders, and the outer walls of the cylinders are matched with the inner walls of the corresponding oil passages to ensure a good sealing and blocking effect. The working profile 101 and the comparison profile 102 are preferably coaxially distributed, and the working profile 101 and the comparison profile 102 can be welded, screwed, integrally welded or spliced, and only better connection performance and sealing performance need to be ensured. Here adopts sealed concatenation, specifically, work type body 101 side end face processing has the arch 106 of cylinder type, compare type body 102 side end face processing have with the recess of this arch 106 adaptation, the arch 106 of work type body 101 with the recess of comparison type body 102 is sealed grafting and cooperation each other of sealed, sealed grafting and cooperation can be that both transition or clearance fit back adopt metal seal to seal, and here adopts interference fit to reach stable connection and sealing connection's purpose between recess and the arch 106, and interference fit's mode adopts behind the recess high temperature expansion again with protruding 106 stable grafting (clearance or transition fit), directly reaches the form with protruding 106 interference fit after the recess cooling.

The inner cavity of the working body 101 penetrates through one side end face of the working body 101 close to the comparison body 102, the inner cavity of the comparison body 102 penetrates through one side end face of the comparison body 102 close to the working body 101, the inner cavities of the two are communicated with each other, and the inner cavities of the two can be guaranteed to be better connected and sealed due to the fact that the protrusion 106 and the groove are connected in an inserted connection mode in a sealed mode. The inner chamber of the working type body 101 comprises a first liquid inlet flow channel 103, a working chamber 104 and a first liquid outlet flow channel 105, one end of the first liquid inlet flow channel 103 is communicated with one side of the working type body 101 and is communicated with a corresponding oil passage inner chamber, the other end of the first liquid inlet flow channel 103 is communicated with the working chamber 104, one end of the first liquid outlet flow channel 105 is communicated with one side of the working type body 101 and is communicated with the corresponding oil passage inner chamber, the other end of the first liquid outlet flow channel 105 is communicated with the working chamber 104, the inner chamber of the comparison type body 102 comprises a second liquid inlet flow channel 109 and a comparison chamber 110, one end of the second liquid inlet flow channel 109 is communicated with the first liquid inlet flow channel 103, the other end of the second liquid inlet flow channel 109 is communicated with the comparison chamber 110, the working chamber 104 is communicated with the comparison chamber 110, namely, the working type body 101 reaches a connecting and communicating form through the, and a feedback adjusting cavity is formed by combining the working cavity 104 and the comparison cavity 110, and an adjusting plunger 111 is movably arranged in the feedback adjusting cavity. When liquid enters from the first liquid inlet flow channel 103 through the corresponding oil passage, a part of the liquid enters the working cavity 104 through the first liquid inlet flow channel 103 and then flows out through the first liquid outlet flow channel 105, and the other part of the liquid enters the comparison cavity 110 through the second liquid inlet flow channel 109 and then converges to the working cavity 104 and flows out through the first liquid outlet flow channel 105, so that the whole feedback adjustment cavity is filled with the liquid, and a static pressure balance state of the liquid is formed.

The first liquid outlet channel 105 is communicated with the oil channel on the corresponding shaft sleeve, when a load is applied to one side of the rotating main shaft 3, the rotating main shaft 3 can be caused to extrude a supporting oil film at the first oil cavity 13 or the second oil cavity 15, the oil film at the position with higher pressure flows back to the first liquid outlet channel 105 through the corresponding oil channel, so that one side of the adjusting plunger 111 close to the first liquid outlet channel 105 is instantaneously extruded to cause the adjusting plunger 111 to displace towards the side far away from the first liquid outlet channel 105, the displacement distance is very short and generally not more than 0.5mm, the time required in the displacement process is very short, the balance state of the oil pressure in the whole feedback adjusting cavity is instantaneously broken, particularly the two ends of the adjusting plunger 111, the oil pressure unbalance is the most serious, the side of the adjusting plunger 111 close to the first liquid outlet channel 105 forms instantaneous negative pressure, the side of the adjusting plunger 111 far away from the first liquid outlet, the adjusting plunger 111 is shifted to the balance position again under the action of the pressure difference between the two sides of the adjusting plunger 111, the consumed time in the process is also extremely short, so that the oil pressure in the whole feedback adjusting cavity reaches a balance state again, in addition, because the side, close to the first liquid outlet flow channel 105, of the adjusting plunger 111 forms instant negative pressure, the liquid in the first liquid inlet flow channel 103 presses the liquid between the side, close to the first liquid outlet flow channel 105, of the adjusting plunger 111 and the working cavity 104 in the instant process, when the balance state is restored from unbalance in the feedback adjusting cavity, the pressed oil is fed back into the oil channel of the corresponding shaft sleeve from the first liquid outlet flow channel 105, so that the rotating main shaft 3 is provided with restored supporting force, the rotating main shaft 3 is enabled to return to the balance state (the state close to the axis) again, and the rotating main shaft 3 obtains higher rotating precision and supporting rigidity between.

On the contrary, for two plunger type feedback throttlers 1 in a group of corresponding oil passages, which have opposite acting forces, the other plunger type feedback throttler 1 on the corresponding side is used for explaining that one side of the rotating main shaft 3, which is far away from the extrusion supporting oil film, can form a dragging force on the oil film, so that the liquid in the first liquid outlet flow passage 105 can be accelerated and discharged into the corresponding oil passage, the oil pressure on the side of the adjusting plunger 111, which is close to the first liquid outlet flow passage 105, is suddenly reduced, the liquid on the other side of the adjusting plunger 111 is at a relatively high pressure, the adjusting plunger 111 moves towards the side of the first liquid outlet flow passage 105 under the action of the pressure difference, the moving distance is also extremely short, generally not more than 0.5mm, so that the liquid cannot be rapidly and largely fed into the first liquid outlet flow passage 105 from the first liquid inlet flow passage 103 through the working chamber 104, and the rotating, part of the liquid flows back to the first liquid outlet channel 105 of the side plunger type feedback throttler 1, the pressure is restored to be balanced, and the adjusting plunger 111 returns to be in a balanced state again. Therefore, a set of inner plunger type feedback throttlers 1 can be used together to obtain very large supporting rigidity of the rotating main shaft 3, so as to ensure very high revolution precision of the rotating main shaft 3. Compared with other throttles, the plunger type feedback throttle 1 has the advantages of spontaneity and active compensation, is high in feedback sensitivity and extremely short in action time, is very suitable for a static pressure bearing structure applied to the precision and ultra-precision main shaft rotation technology, and plays a role in supporting and guaranteeing the rotation precision.

In order to further adapt to the shape of the oil passage in the corresponding shaft sleeve and enable the plunger type feedback restrictor 1 to achieve a uniform and balanced oil supply and discharge state with the corresponding oil passage, a cylindrical sinking groove cavity 107 is processed on the end face of one side of the working body 101, which is far away from the protrusion 106, and the diameter of the sinking groove cavity 107 is smaller than that of the corresponding oil passage, so that all liquid can be discharged into the corresponding oil passage through the sinking groove cavity 107. One end of the first liquid outlet flow channel 105 is communicated with the sink cavity 107, a plurality of flow dividing holes 108 communicated with the working cavity 104 are machined in the end face of one side of the working molding body 101, which is far away from the protrusion 106, one end of each flow dividing hole 108, which is far away from the working cavity 104, is communicated with the sink cavity 107, so that liquid in the working cavity 104 can flow into an oil passage of a corresponding shaft sleeve through the first liquid outlet flow channel 105 and each flow dividing hole 108, the uniformity and the stability of oil supply between the working molding body 101 and the oil passage are improved, and the first liquid outlet flow channel 105 and each flow dividing hole 108 can converge in the sink cavity 107 by additionally arranging the sink cavity 107 to form a flow gathering effect, so that the liquid flow direction is dispersed and not disordered, and the stability of liquid backflow or outflow is not influenced; in order to increase the smoothness and uniformity of the liquid flowing in the working chamber 104 and the sink chamber 107, each diversion hole 108 has the same aperture and length as those of the first liquid outlet flow passage 105, each diversion hole 108 is parallel to the first liquid outlet flow passage 105, and the first liquid outlet flow passage 105 and all diversion holes 108 can be circumferentially arranged around the axis of the sink chamber 107.

In order to facilitate the processing of the first liquid inlet channel 103 and the second liquid inlet channel 109 and to have a certain bending baffling or blocking effect on liquid, the first liquid inlet channel 103 comprises a first liquid inlet channel 1031, a first branch channel 1033 and a first liquid inlet channel 1032, the first liquid inlet channel 1031 is arranged along the radial direction of the working profile 101, one end of the first liquid inlet channel 1031 penetrates through the side wall of the working profile 101 and is communicated with a corresponding oil channel, the other end of the first liquid inlet channel 1031 is communicated with the first liquid inlet channel 1032, one end of the first liquid inlet channel 1032 far away from the first liquid inlet channel 1031 is communicated with the working cavity 104, one end of the first liquid inlet channel 1033 is communicated with the first liquid inlet channel 1031, the other end of the first liquid inlet channel 1031 penetrates through the working profile 101 and is close to one side end face of the working profile 102, the second liquid inlet channel 109 comprises a second liquid inlet channel 1091 and a second liquid inlet channel 1092, the second liquid inlet channel 1091 is of a general L type, one end of the second liquid inlet channel 1091 is communicated with the first liquid inlet channel 1091 in a smooth sealing mode, the second liquid inlet channel 1091 is connected with the first liquid inlet channel 1091 in a mode, the first liquid inlet channel 1091, the second liquid inlet channel 1091, the mode is formed by a certain bending sealing channel 1092, the first liquid inlet channel 1091 is formed by a straight sealing mode, the channel 1092, the channel 1091 is formed by a mode, the channel 1092 is connected with a mode, the channel 1091, the channel 1092, the channel 1091, the channel 1092 is stably and the channel 1092, the channel 1091, the channel 1092, the channel is connected with the channel 1091, the channel 1092, the channel 1091, the channel is formed by a mode, the channel.

In order to make the liquid enter the first inlet 1031 and the second inlet 1091 uniformly, an annular groove 113 is processed on the side wall of the working molded body 101, the annular groove 113 is communicated with the corresponding oil passage hole 11, the axis of the annular groove 113 coincides with the axis of the working profile 101, the end of the first inlet channel 1031 remote from the first inlet channel 1032 communicates with the annular groove 113, the end of the second inflow channel 1091 far from the second inflow channel 1092 is communicated with the annular groove 113, and the portion of the first inlet passage 1031 communicating with the annular groove 113 and the portion of the second inlet passage 1091 communicating with the annular groove 113 are located at the same position of the annular groove 113 and meet each other, by adding the annular groove 113, the liquid can be filled into the first inlet 1031 and the second inlet 1091 from the junction at the same time or simultaneously after filling the annular groove 113 with the liquid through the oil passage hole 11, so that the equilibrium state can be formed in the entire feedback adjusting chamber more quickly.

In order to make the adjusting plunger 111 move smoothly in the feedback adjusting cavity, the condition of quick feedback adjustment is provided, the first inlet channel 1032 is arranged along the axial direction of the working profile 101, the second inlet channel 1092 is arranged along the axial direction of the comparison profile 102, the feedback adjusting cavity is a substantially cylindrical cavity, the first inlet channel 1032, the second inlet channel 1092 and the feedback adjusting cavity are coaxially distributed, the adjusting plunger 111 is matched with the feedback adjusting cavity in shape, and the axis of the adjusting plunger 111 is coincident with or parallel to the axis of the feedback adjusting cavity, so that the adjusting plunger 111 is matched with or similar in height to the feedback adjusting cavity, the condition of smooth movement and quick movement is provided, and secondly, the axes of the first inlet channel 1032, the second inlet channel 1092, the feedback adjusting cavity and the adjusting plunger 111 are at least parallel or even coincident, so that the acting direction of the liquid can act on the end face of the adjusting plunger 111 completely or completely, the phenomena of load deviation and incomplete action are avoided, and the phenomenon of non-concentrated load is avoided, so that the movement of the adjusting plunger 111 is more stable and quicker.

In order to make the balance state of the adjusting plunger 111 in the feedback adjusting cavity more stable and make the adjusting plunger 111 recover more quickly after unbalance, the distance between the end surface of one side of the adjusting plunger 111 and the end surface of the feedback adjusting cavity close to each other is 0.1-0.4 mm, preferably 0.245mm, so that the adjusting plunger 111 displaces in a tiny gap after unbalance, and a more obvious pressure difference can be formed, and the phenomenon that the change of the pressure difference value on the two sides of the adjusting plunger 111 is not large or not obvious due to too large distance is avoided; the distance between the side annular wall of the adjusting plunger 111 and the side annular wall of the feedback adjusting cavity is 0.001-0.005 mm, preferably 0.002mm, so that the liquid on two sides of the adjusting plunger 111 can be guaranteed to flow into each other, and a relatively obvious oil leakage phenomenon is caused. In order to enable liquid (hydraulic oil) in the feedback regulation cavity to form oil floating support between the regulation plungers 111 and enable the regulation plungers 111 to move more stably and smoothly, the working cavity 104 and the comparison cavity 110 are two-stage stepped cylindrical cavities, the diameter expansion section of the working cavity 104 is communicated with the first inflow channel 1032, the diameter of the diameter expansion section of the working cavity 104 is 2-3 times of the diameter of the first inflow channel 1032, the diameter expansion section of the comparison cavity 110 is communicated with the second inflow channel 1092, the diameter of the diameter expansion section of the comparison cavity 110 is 2-3 times of the diameter of the second inflow channel 1092, the diameter reduction section of the working cavity 104 is connected and communicated with the diameter reduction section of the comparison cavity 110, the diameter reduction sections of the working cavity 104 and the comparison cavity 110 are the same, and interfaces are in smooth transition, wherein the side ring wall of the regulation plunger 111 is spaced from the diameter reduction sections of the working cavity 104 and the comparison cavity 110 by the gap, the gap is in the range of 0.001-0.004 mm, preferably 0.002mm, when liquid passes through the gap, the oil film support with larger film pressure on the side annular wall of the adjusting plunger 111 can be formed, so that the adjusting plunger 111 is more stable when moving, and the expanding sections of the working cavity 104 and the comparing cavity 110 can store more liquid, and can supplement or increase the liquid inflow or outflow rate when necessary. In addition, the diameter-expanding groove 112 is processed on the diameter-reducing section of the working cavity 104 or the diameter-reducing section of the comparison cavity 110, and here, preferably, the diameter-expanding groove 112 is arranged at the joint of the diameter-reducing section of the comparison cavity 110 and the groove, and the rate of liquid flowing into or out of the middle part of the regulating plunger 111 can be increased through the diameter-expanding groove 112.

In summary, in the electric spindle according to the embodiment of the present invention, the plunger type feedback throttler 1 is disposed in the corresponding shaft sleeve, the distribution form of the throttler and the adjusting plunger 111 disposed in the specific shaped channel are provided in the throttler, the adjusting plunger 111 has high symmetry in shape and loading surface, and can rapidly return to the balanced state after being out of balance, and can spontaneously and actively perform oil pressure adjustment, so that the rotary spindle 3 is not easily in a long-term offset state after being pressed by the corresponding oil passage connection, and thus the rotary spindle 3 has very large support rigidity, which facilitates high precision and reliability of subsequent processing.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that structures or components illustrated in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques and procedures are omitted to avoid unnecessarily limiting the invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision hydrostatic pressure motorized spindle is characterized by comprising a spindle box body, a rotating spindle, a first shaft sleeve and a second shaft sleeve, wherein the rotating spindle, the first shaft sleeve and the second shaft sleeve are arranged in the spindle box body, the first shaft sleeve and the second shaft sleeve are sleeved on the rotating spindle, a motor rotor and a motor stator are sequentially sleeved on the rotating spindle from inside to outside, the motor rotor and the motor stator are positioned between the first shaft sleeve and the second shaft sleeve, a plurality of first oil cavities are processed on the inner hole wall of the first shaft sleeve and are circumferentially arranged along the central axis of the first shaft sleeve, a plurality of first oil ducts are processed in the first shaft sleeve, one end of each first oil duct is communicated with any one first oil cavity, the other end of each first oil duct penetrates through the outer ring wall of the first shaft sleeve, a plurality of second oil cavities are processed in the inner hole wall of the second shaft sleeve and are circumferentially arranged along the central axis of the second shaft sleeve, the plunger type feedback throttling device comprises a main shaft box body, a plunger type feedback throttling device and a plunger type feedback throttling device, wherein the main shaft box body is internally provided with a plurality of first oil channels, one end of each second oil channel is communicated with any one second oil cavity, the other end of each second oil channel penetrates through the outer annular wall of the main shaft box body, one side of the main shaft box body is provided with a high-pressure oil inlet communicated with the inner cavity of the main shaft box body, the other side of the main shaft box body is provided with an oil outlet communicated with the inner cavity of the main shaft box body, one end, far away from the first oil cavity.

2. The hydrostatic high-precision electric spindle of claim 1, wherein the outer annular walls of the first and second bushings are fitted with the inner hole wall of the main spindle housing, the motor stator is sleeved with a cooling sleeve, a spiral groove is formed in the outer annular wall of the cooling copper sleeve, two ends of the spiral groove respectively penetrate through two side end faces of the cooling copper sleeve, the high-pressure oil inlet hole of the main spindle housing is communicated with the spiral groove of the cooling copper sleeve, and a cooling oil storage cavity is formed between each of the two ends of the cooling copper sleeve and the end faces of the first and second bushings.

3. The hydrostatic spindle of claim 1, wherein an even number of first oil passages are formed in the first sleeve, each of the two first oil passages is formed in one group, the two first oil passages in each group are symmetrically distributed about a central axis of the first sleeve, an even number of second oil passages are formed in the second sleeve, each of the two second oil passages is formed in one group, and the two second oil passages in each group are symmetrically distributed about a central axis of the second sleeve.

4. The high-precision hydrostatic pressure motorized spindle according to claim 1, wherein the plunger type feedback restrictor comprises an operating body and a comparison body, the operating body and the comparison body both have an inner cavity, the inner cavity of the operating body penetrates through one side of the operating body, the comparison body has an inner cavity penetrating through one side of the comparison body, the side of the operating body penetrating through the inner cavity of the operating body is hermetically connected with the side of the comparison body penetrating through the inner cavity of the comparison body, the inner cavity of the operating body comprises a first liquid inlet flow channel, a working cavity and a first liquid outlet flow channel, one end of the first liquid inlet flow channel penetrates through one side of the operating body and is communicated with a corresponding oil passage, the other end of the first liquid outlet flow channel is communicated with the working cavity, the inner cavity of the comparison body comprises a second liquid inlet flow channel and a comparison cavity, second feed liquor flow channel one end with first feed liquor flow channel intercommunication, the second feed liquor flow channel other end and comparison chamber intercommunication, the working chamber communicates with comparison chamber each other, just the working chamber with form the feedback regulation chamber between the comparison chamber, the activity is provided with the adjusting plunger in the feedback throttle intracavity.

5. The high-precision hydrostatic pressure electric spindle according to claim 4, wherein the working body and the comparison body are both cylinders, a protrusion is formed on one side end face of the working body, a groove matched with the protrusion is formed on one side end face of the comparison body, the protrusion of the working body and the groove of the comparison body are mutually inserted and matched in a sealing manner, a sinking groove cavity is formed on one side end face, away from the protrusion, of the working body, and one end of the first liquid outlet flow channel is communicated with the sinking groove cavity; the end face of one side, far away from the bulge, of the working profile is provided with a plurality of shunting holes communicated with the working cavity, and one end, far away from the working cavity, of each shunting hole is communicated with the sink cavity.

6. A high-precision hydrostatic electric spindle according to claim 4, wherein the first liquid inlet channel comprises a first liquid inlet channel, a first branch channel and a first liquid inlet channel, one end of the first liquid inlet channel penetrates through a side wall of the working profile and communicates with a corresponding oil passage, the other end of the first liquid inlet channel communicates with the first liquid inlet channel, one end of the first liquid inlet channel, which is far away from the first liquid inlet channel, communicates with the working cavity, one end of the first branch channel communicates with the first liquid inlet channel, the other end of the first branch channel penetrates through a side end face of the working profile, which is close to the comparison profile, the second liquid inlet channel comprises a second liquid inlet channel and a second liquid inlet channel, one end of the second liquid inlet channel penetrates through a side end face of the comparison profile, which is close to the working profile, and one end of the second liquid inlet channel, which penetrates through the comparison profile, communicates with one end of the first branch channel, which penetrates through the working profile, the other end of the second inflow channel is communicated with the second inflow channel, and one end, far away from the second inflow channel, of the second inflow channel is communicated with the comparison cavity.

7. A high-precision hydrostatic motorized spindle according to claim 6, wherein the first inflow channel is arranged in the axial direction of the working profile, the second inflow channel is arranged in the axial direction of the comparison profile, the feedback regulation cavity is a cylindrical cavity, the first inflow channel, the second inflow channel and the feedback regulation cavity are coaxially distributed, the regulation plunger is matched with the feedback regulation cavity in shape, and the axis of the regulation plunger is coincident with or parallel to the axis of the feedback regulation cavity.

8. A high accuracy hydrostatic pressure electricity main shaft according to claim 7, characterized in that, a distance between one side end face of the adjusting plunger and the end face of the feedback adjusting cavity close to each other is 0.1-0.4 mm, and a distance between the side ring wall of the adjusting plunger and the side ring wall of the feedback adjusting cavity is 0.001-0.005 mm.

9. The high-precision hydrostatic pressure electric spindle of claim 7, wherein the working chamber and the comparison chamber are two-stage stepped cylindrical cavities, the diameter expansion section of the working chamber is communicated with the first inlet channel, the diameter expansion section of the comparison chamber is communicated with the second inlet channel, the diameter reduction section of the working chamber is connected and communicated with the diameter reduction section of the comparison chamber, and the distance between the side ring wall of the adjusting plunger and the diameter reduction sections of the working chamber and the comparison chamber is 0.001-0.005 mm.

10. A high accuracy hydrostatic pressure electricity main shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that, an annular groove is processed on the side wall of the working shape, the axis of the annular groove coincides with the axis of the working shape, the end of the first inlet channel far away from the first inlet channel is communicated with the annular groove, and the end of the second inlet channel far away from the second inlet channel is communicated with the annular groove.