CN111421114A - Improve mould subassembly and improve structure of lightweight aluminium piston casting precision by a wide margin - Google Patents
Improve mould subassembly and improve structure of lightweight aluminium piston casting precision by a wide margin Download PDFInfo
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- CN111421114A CN111421114A CN201911151030.1A CN201911151030A CN111421114A CN 111421114 A CN111421114 A CN 111421114A CN 201911151030 A CN201911151030 A CN 201911151030A CN 111421114 A CN111421114 A CN 111421114A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
- B22C9/103—Multipart cores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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Abstract
The invention relates to an improved structure of a die assembly for greatly improving the casting precision of a light aluminum piston, which is applied to the mass production of high-precision light aluminum pistons. It comprises an external mold, a pin hole mold, a sliding block mold and a core mold. The core mold includes a piston core mold centerpiece. The piston core mold central piece consists of a rectangular pyramid column and a supporting table connected with the rectangular pyramid column. The pin hole die is characterized in that a through groove is formed in the support rail along the central line, a straight rod is arranged at the bottom of the pin hole die, the width of the straight rod is equal to that of the through groove, and the straight rod extends into the through groove; the upper part of the pin hole die is provided with a T-shaped guide rail groove, the upper part in the outer die cavity is provided with a T-shaped guide rail, and the T-shaped guide rail groove is sleeved on the T-shaped guide rail. The pin hole die is provided with a lower pressing block of the pin hole. The quadrangular pyramid column is fastened and connected with the supporting platform through a bolt with a chord section. The end face hole of the tail end of the bolt is communicated with the bolt side hole, and a rectangular pyramid deep hole is formed in the lower end face of the rectangular pyramid. The method has the advantages that the pin hole die avoids abnormal abrasion, the anti-bumping performance is greatly enhanced, the precision of the sliding block die in the thickness of radial castings in production is improved, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an improved structure of a die assembly for greatly improving the casting precision of a light aluminum piston, which is applied to the mass production of high-precision light aluminum pistons.
Background
The lightweight aluminum piston is an aluminum piston with three axial pits on the outer side of a pin hole seat and close to the top. The lightweight aluminum piston is generally cylindrical, has a solid top and an inward-contracting hollow cavity at the middle lower part. The pin holes cross the two side walls of the middle part, and the holes on the side walls are the pin holes. The pin shaft is inserted into the pin holes on the two side walls, and the pin holes on the two side walls support acting forces applied to the two ends of the pin shaft. Therefore, the side wall near the pin hole is designed to be thickened, and the thickened solid body with the pin hole is also called a pin hole seat. The lightweight aluminum piston has two pin hole seats and six axial pits in total. The pits reduce the weight of the piston to the maximum extent, so that the piston is light.
The axial pits are blind holes, and a sliding block die is generally adopted for casting the blind holes. The sliding die needs to perform outward and downward partial movements simultaneously during demoulding, and the sliding die is limited to slide on the slope.
In addition to the slide die being constrained to slide on the slope, in order to cast the factory marks on the inside surface of the pin bore seat or the inner wall of the skirt portion, the relative components of the core die are required to be moved both inward and downward in the demolding operation, and the relative components of the core die are also constrained to slide on the slope.
The existing lightweight aluminum piston casting mold consists of eight components, namely an upper mold, an outer mold I, a pin hole mold I, a sliding block mold I, an outer mold II, a pin hole mold II, a sliding block mold II and a core mold. The components are drawn from the upper direction, the lower direction, the left direction and the right direction by a numerical control hydraulic drawing mechanism arranged on an operation table and a rack, so that the automatic combination and the automatic separation and demoulding of the mould are realized.
The outer die I, the sliding block die I and the pin hole die I are combined together. The sliding block die I is provided with a pin hole I for a pin of the pin hole die I to pass through; the sliding block die I is provided with a round rod gap track which is driven by a horizontal round rod of the pin hole die I to move forward and backward so as to drive the sliding block die I to lift; and an inclined cylinder I for linear sliding in the inner cavity of the outer die I. The sliding block die I is sealed in the cavity of the outer die I by a pressing block frame I, and the pressing block frame I is fixed with the surface of the outer die I through a fastener; the inclined cylinder I is limited to slide in an inclined chute formed by inclined planes in the cavities of the outer die I and the inclined planes on the pressing block frame I which are alternately and mutually parallel. And the pin hole die I is arranged on a supporting rail fixed on the outer side of the outer die I.
The outer die II, the sliding block die II and the pin hole die II are combined together. The sliding block die II is provided with a pin hole II for the pin of the pin hole die II to pass through; the sliding block die II is driven to lift by the horizontal round rod of the pin hole die II; and an inclined cylinder II which is used for linear sliding in the inner cavity of the outer die II is also arranged. The sliding block die II is sealed in the cavity of the outer die II by the pressing block frame II, and the pressing block frame II is fixed with the surface of the outer die II through a fastener; the inclined cylinder II is limited to slide in an inclined chute formed by inclined planes in the cavities of the outer die II which are alternately and mutually parallel and the inclined plane on the pressing block frame II. And the pin hole die II is arranged on a supporting rail fixed on the outer side of the outer die II.
The outer die I and the outer die II are limited to move on the table surface of the operating table, and the outer die I and the outer die II are spliced together when the dies are assembled. The mating plane is a vertical parting plane. The outer model cavities on two sides of the splicing surface and the connecting structures of the sliding block die, the pin hole die and the outer die are symmetrical about the splicing surface.
The motion process of the sliding block die and the pin hole die relative to the outer die is as follows: and the pin hole die is arranged on a horizontal plane determined by the supporting rail, and a horizontal round rod of the pin hole die is pushed into a window of the pressing block frame and enters a round rod gap track. The round bar gap track is formed by sequentially connecting a downward slope section and a horizontal section. The horizontal round rod is arranged at a downward slope section, and the sliding block die rises in the process of slowly moving forwards; in the horizontal section, the pin hole on the sliding block die is flush with the pin of the pin hole die in height, the horizontal round rod continues to move forwards, and the pin penetrates through the pin hole until the pin penetrates into the die cavity.
During casting, the pin-hole die is pushed and held under pressure by the piston rod of an external hydraulic cylinder. During demoulding, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder moves in the reverse direction, the pin hole die moves outwards from the outer die cavity along the supporting rail, the pin column of the pin hole die is sequentially pulled out of the casting pin hole and the pin column hole in the die cavity, the horizontal round rod of the pin hole die is transferred to the uphill section from the horizontal section of the round rod gap track, the sliding block die slides down in the inclined chute, the gravity center is forced to move downwards, and the lightweight bulge on the sliding block die is pulled out of the casting pit in the die cavity. And finally, the pin hole die and the slide block die are pulled and pushed to the initial positions to complete the demoulding process.
The biggest problem in production is that the sliding block die works at high temperature, and the pin hole die is leaned on in a working day and is repeatedly pushed thousands of times from top to bottom, and because of the contact surface rapid wear, the sliding block die is not pushed in place, and the casting size is unstable, and the sliding block die descends and breaks away from the foundry goods and is not smooth, unstable, leads to the casting face to galling.
The core mold is used as a lower mold in the eight assemblies. The core mould penetrates into a cavity formed by combining the outer mould I and the outer mould II from the lower part. The core mould consists of six parts, namely a piston pin hole inner seat piece I, a piston pin hole inner seat piece II, a piston skirt piece I, a piston skirt piece II, a piston core mould central piece and a piston spigot piece. The piston core mold central piece is composed of a rectangular pyramid column and a supporting table integrally connected with the rectangular pyramid column. The piston skirt piece I and the piston skirt piece II are respectively connected with the edge surfaces of the front side and the rear side of the quadrangular pyramid column through a double-groove tenon track. A piston pin hole inner seat piece I and a piston pin hole inner seat piece II are respectively in surface contact with the prism surfaces of the left side and the right side of the quadrangular pyramid column (the outer mold I is arranged on the left side of the prism surface on the left side, and the outer mold II is arranged on the right side of the prism surface on the right side), and the piston skirt piece I, the piston core mold central piece and the piston skirt piece II are clamped in the middle. The end faces of the bottom ends of the piston pin hole inner seat piece I, the piston pin hole inner seat piece II, the piston skirt piece I and the piston skirt piece II are all aligned on the table surface of the supporting table. The piston spigot part is annular, is sleeved on the integral outer side of the five parts of the piston pin hole inner seat piece I, the piston pin hole inner seat piece II, the piston skirt part piece I, the piston skirt part piece II and the piston core mold central part, and is seated on the supporting surfaces of the four hydraulic connecting pieces of the piston pin hole inner seat piece I, the piston pin hole inner seat piece II, the piston skirt part piece I and the piston skirt part piece II.
The 'two-way groove tenon track' relative to the central line of the vertical rectangular pyramid column is an oblique line. Therefore, when the piston core mould central piece is drawn downwards from the vertical direction, the piston skirt part I and the piston skirt part II are forced to simultaneously perform inward and downward partial movements, and the factory mark characters cast on the inner surface wall of the casting in the cavity are protected. When the piston skirt piece I, the piston skirt piece II and the piston core mould central piece are downwards drawn out of the cavity, the piston pin hole inner seat piece I and the piston pin hole inner seat piece II independently move inwards in the horizontal direction to finish demoulding.
The pin hole die I and the pin hole die II are both provided with water cooling systems, and the pin column of the pin hole die I and the pin column of the pin hole die II are both cooled by the water cooling systems. After the eight assemblies are assembled, the pin end surface of the pin hole die I is abutted against the pin hole inner seat piece I; the pin column end face of the pin hole die II is abutted against the piston pin hole inner seat piece II. Therefore, the core mold can finish the water cooling task only by the heat transfer of the water cooling system assembled on the pin hole mold. Why has the mandrel been unable to have a water cooling system with it and to perform direct water cooling? The piston stop piece in six parts related to the core mould is generally considered to be annular in the industry; the piston pin hole inner seat piece I and the piston pin hole inner seat piece II are thin slices and are difficult to process a water cooling system. The piston skirt piece I, the piston skirt piece II and the piston core mold central piece are in a quadrangular pyramid column shape, and the water cooling system is difficult to process due to too thin size.
The track groove on the central piece of the piston core mould is processed by a milling machine, and the precision is poor. The water cooling task is completed by the heat transfer collided by the end faces of the pin columns, the cooling effect is poor, and the casting precision determined by the water cooling effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an improved structure of a die assembly for greatly improving the casting precision of a lightweight aluminum piston, and aims to improve the abrasion condition of a sliding block die and solve the problems that the sliding block die is not pushed in place and the casting size is unstable (the stable period is short); the manufacturing precision of the track groove of the central piece of the piston core mould is improved, so that the casting precision of the skirt part of the piston is improved; the invention also can improve the problem of poor water cooling effect of the core mold, and the direct water cooling system of the piston core mold central piece is manufactured, thereby integrally improving the casting precision determined by the water cooling effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
(a) the improved structure of the die assembly for greatly improving the casting precision of the lightweight aluminum piston comprises an upper die, an outer die I, a pin hole die I, a sliding block die I, an outer die II, a pin hole die II, a sliding block die II and a core die;
the sliding block die I is provided with a pin hole I for a pin of the pin hole die I to pass through; the sliding block die I is provided with a round rod gap track which is driven by a horizontal round rod of the pin hole die I to move forward and backward so as to drive the sliding block die I to lift; the outer die is also provided with an inclined cylinder I which is used for linear sliding in the inner cavity of the outer die I; the sliding block die I is sealed in the cavity of the outer die I by a pressing block frame I, and the pressing block frame I is fixed with the surface of the outer die I through a fastener; the inclined cylinder I is limited to slide in an inclined chute formed by inclined planes in the cavities of the outer die I and inclined planes on the pressing block frame I which are alternately and mutually parallel; a supporting rail I is fixed on the outer side surface of the outer die I;
the sliding block die II is provided with a pin hole II for the pin of the pin hole die II to pass through; the sliding block die II is driven to lift by the horizontal round rod of the pin hole die II; the inner cavity of the outer die II is provided with an inclined cylinder II for linear sliding; the sliding block die II is sealed in the cavity of the outer die II by a pressing block frame II, and the pressing block frame II is fixed with the surface of the outer die II through a fastener; the inclined cylinder II is limited to slide in an inclined chute formed by inclined planes in the cavities of the outer die II which are alternately and mutually parallel and inclined planes on the pressing block frame II; a supporting rail II is fixed on the outer side surface of the outer die II;
the core mould consists of six parts, namely a piston pin hole inner seat piece I, a piston pin hole inner seat piece II, a piston skirt piece I, a piston skirt piece II, a piston core mould central piece and a piston spigot piece; the piston core mold central piece consists of a rectangular pyramid column and a supporting table connected with the rectangular pyramid column; the piston skirt piece I and the piston skirt piece II are respectively connected with the edge surfaces of the front side and the rear side of the quadrangular pyramid column through a double-groove tenon track; the piston pin hole inner seat piece I and the piston pin hole inner seat piece II are respectively in surface contact with the prism surfaces on the left side and the right side of the quadrangular pyramid column to clamp the piston skirt piece I, the piston core mold central piece and the piston skirt piece II in the middle; the piston spigot is sleeved on the integral outer side of the combination of the piston pin hole inner seat piece I, the piston pin hole inner seat piece II, the piston skirt piece I, the piston skirt piece II and the piston core mold central piece and is positioned on the hydraulic connecting piece supporting surface of the piston pin hole inner seat piece I, the piston pin hole inner seat piece II, the piston skirt piece I and the piston skirt piece II;
the piston core mold central piece is provided with a water cooling channel along the central line and a water inlet pipe leading to the water cooling channel;
the method is characterized in that:
(i) a through groove is formed in the support rail I along the central line, a straight rod I is arranged at the bottom of the pin hole die I, and the straight rod I is as wide as the through groove and extends into the through groove; a through groove is formed in the supporting rail II along the central line, a straight rod II is arranged at the bottom of the pin hole die II, and the straight rod II is as wide as the through groove and extends into the through groove;
(ii) the upper part of the pin hole die I is provided with a T-shaped guide rail groove I; the upper part of the pin hole die II is provided with a T-shaped guide rail groove II;
(iii) the upper part in the cavity of the outer mold I is provided with a T-shaped guide rail I; the upper part in the cavity of the outer mold II is provided with a T-shaped guide rail II;
(iv) the T-shaped guide rail groove I is sleeved on the T-shaped guide rail I; the T-shaped guide rail groove II is sleeved on the T-shaped guide rail II;
(v) the pin hole die I is provided with a lower pressing block I with a pin hole right below the root of the pin I; the pin hole die II is provided with a lower pressing block II with a pin hole right below the root of the pin II;
(vi) the quadrangular pyramid column is fixedly connected with the support platform through a bolt with a chord section; the bolt with the chord section is provided with a bolt side hole and a bolt tail end face hole; the end face hole at the tail end of the bolt is communicated with the bolt side hole;
(vii) the side surface of the supporting table is provided with a supporting table side surface hole I and a supporting table side surface hole II; a side hole I of the supporting platform is communicated with a bolt side hole;
(viii) the long copper pipe is inserted into the end face hole of the bolt and connected through threads;
(ix) a rectangular pyramid column deep hole is formed in the lower end face of the rectangular pyramid column, and the hole diameter is 2-4 mm larger than the outer diameter of the long copper pipe; the long copper pipe is inserted into the deep hole of the rectangular pyramid column;
(x) And a side surface hole II of the supporting platform is communicated with the outside of the chord section of the bolt and the deep hole of the rectangular pyramid column.
(b) a the improved structure of the die assembly for greatly improving the casting precision of the lightweight aluminum piston is characterized by a double-cavity die; the two cavity filling ports are connected through a horizontal pouring channel; the pouring gate is communicated with the horizontal pouring gate through the conical vertical pouring gate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the pin hole die is a high, narrow and long object, and the straight rod at the bottom extends into the through groove formed along the central line of the support rail, so that the pin hole die is prevented from swinging around the upper part in the movement process; the upper part is embedded into a T-shaped guide rail, and the external mold bears the whole action of the gravity of the pin hole mold, so that the interference of the gravity of the pin hole mold on the movement of the sliding block mold is eliminated; the T-shaped guide rail is a long rail, and simultaneously, the possibility that the pin hole die rotates around the center of mass forwards and backwards is prevented. The displacement caused by acting force in other directions orthogonal to the linear direction of the track in the motion of the pin hole die dragged by the hydraulic mechanism is effectively prevented, and the whole pin hole die can perform translational motion in one direction on the linear track. And abnormal abrasion of various types is effectively avoided. The T-shaped guide rail is arranged in the outer mold cavity, the pin hole mold and the outer mold are combined together during movement, the mass is large, and the anti-bumping performance is greatly enhanced.
2. The slide block die slides in the inclined plane sliding groove, and the tolerance of at least 0.2 mm between the inclined plane in the inclined cylinder and the outer die cavity and between the inclined planes on the pressing block frame needs to be reserved; the sliding block die rotates around the horizontal round rod in the radial direction of the cavity in a certain range; the end head of the pin hole die is provided with a pressing block at the lower part of the vertical pin hole, so that the sliding block die is accurately prevented from rotating around the horizontal round rod after being pushed in place; the precision of the thickness of the radial casting related to the sliding block die in production is improved.
3. The quadrangular pyramid column is separated from the supporting table, and a double-channel groove tenon track connected between the quadrangular pyramid column and the piston skirt piece can be cut out simultaneously by using a linear cutting process, so that the connection precision of the quadrangular pyramid column and the piston skirt piece can reach 0.12 mm tolerance. Compared with the prior art that the two are integrally connected and only can generate 0.5 mm tolerance by milling machine processing, the precision of the connection of the quadrangular pyramid column with the piston skirt piece I and the piston skirt piece II is improved; this also improves the accuracy of the cast skirt thickness. Because the contact is tighter, the heat transfer performance is better, and the effect brought by water cooling of the piston core mold central piece is enhanced.
4. The water cooling pipeline is directly communicated with the piston core mould central piece, the core mould has the same and similar heat transfer cooling efficiency in 360 degrees along the radial direction of the central line, so that casting materials forming the piston side wall in casting have the same and similar thermodynamic properties, the cooling process is controllable, and a foundation is laid for improving other properties.
5. The piston core mold central piece is similar to a wedge, and after the core mold is heated, the piston core mold central piece is clamped in the middle of the core mold and is quite tight; the track runs with high precision, the production period is shortened, and the production quantity in unit time is improved.
6. Because other abnormal abrasion is overcome, the number of castings produced by one set of mould standard is increased, and the economic benefit is good.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a core mold assembly structure.
In the figure, 1 is a hydraulic traction connecting piece of a piston core mould central piece, 5 is a piston spigot piece, 7 is a piston pin hole inner seat piece II, 9 is a piston skirt piece I, 11 is the piston core mould central piece, 13 is the piston skirt piece II, and 15 is the piston pin hole inner seat piece I.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of fig. 1.
In the figure, 1 is a hydraulic traction connecting piece of a piston core mould central piece, 15 is a piston pin hole inner seat piece I, 7 is a piston pin hole inner seat piece II, 5 is a piston spigot piece, 13 is a piston skirt piece II, 9 is a piston skirt piece I, and 11 is the piston core mould central piece.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the piston core mold core piece viewed in the east-south direction.
In the figure, 1 is a hydraulic traction connecting piece of a piston core mould central piece, 16 is a support table, 17 is a prism surface track groove, 19 is a quadrangular pyramid column, 21 is a support table central hole, and 23 is a support table side surface hole I.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the piston core mold core piece looking southwest.
In the figure, 1 is a hydraulic traction connecting piece of a piston core mould central piece, 25 is a side hole II of a supporting platform, 17 is a facet track groove, and 19 is a quadrangular pyramid column.
Fig. 5 is a southwest view structure schematic diagram of the bolt with the chord section.
In the figure, 27 is a chord section of the bolt, and 29 is a terminal end face hole of the bolt.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a southeast view of a bolt with a tangential section
In the figure 31 is a bolt side hole.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a long copper tube structure.
In the figure 33 is a thread.
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the piston core mandrel centerpiece taken along the centerline, the centerline of the pedestal side opening I, and the centerline of the pedestal side opening II.
In the figure, 34 is a bolt with a chord section, 16 is a support table, 19 is a quadrangular pyramid column, and 35 is a long copper pipe.
Fig. 9 is an exploded view of the mold assembly assembled together in the prior art.
In the figure, 41 is a pin hole die I, 42 is a rail I, 43 is a press block frame I, 44 is a slide die I, 45 is an outer die I, 46 is a core die, 47 is an outer die II, 48 is a slide die II,49 is a press block frame II, 50 is a rail II, 51 is a pin hole die II, and 52 is an upper die.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a conventional pin hole die I.
In the figure, 61 is a horizontal round bar, 63 is a pin, 65 is a cooling water outlet, and 67 is a cooling water inlet.
Fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of a pin hole die I after the improvement of the invention.
In the figure, 61 is a horizontal round rod, 63 is a pin column, 69 is a T-shaped guide rail groove, 65 is a cooling water outlet, 67 is a cooling water inlet, 71 is a straight rod, and 73 is a pin column hole lower pressing block.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the slider mold I.
In the figure 75 is a circular rod slot track, 77 is a oblique cylinder and 79 is a pin hole.
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the slider mold I of FIG. 12 viewed from another direction.
In the figure, 79 is a pin hole, 81 is a lower part of the pin hole, and 83 is a light weight projection.
Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the block frame I.
In the figure 85 is a bevel on the holder.
Fig. 15 is a schematic view of a T-shaped guide rail structure.
Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of the rail I.
In the figure 87 is a through slot.
Fig. 17 is a structural schematic diagram of the outer die I.
In the figure 89 is the bevel in the outer mould cavity and 91 is the casting gate.
FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of an outer die I, a slider die I, a press block frame I and a pin hole die I assembled together. In the figure, 61 is a horizontal round rod, 63 is a pin column, 83 is a light-weight bulge, 91 is a casting opening, 92 is a counter bore for mounting a T-shaped guide rail, 93 is a T-shaped guide rail, 65 is a cooling water outlet, 67 is a cooling water inlet, 43 is a briquetting frame I, 41 is a pin hole die I, 87 is a through groove, 42 is a support rail I, 44 is a sliding block die I, 77 is an oblique column body, and 75 is a round rod gap track.
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a dual cavity mold structure.
In the figure, 45 is an external mold I, 100 is a cavity I, 47 is an external mold II, 101 is a horizontal pouring channel, 103 is a cavity II, and 91 is a pouring channel opening.
Detailed Description
The improved structure of the die assembly for greatly improving the casting precision of the lightweight aluminum piston comprises eight components, namely an upper die (52), an outer die I (45), a pin hole die I (41), a sliding block die I (44), an outer die II (47), a pin hole die II (51), a sliding block die II (48) and a core die (46).
The outer die I (45), the slider die I (44) and the pin hole die I (41) are combined together. The slide block die I is provided with pin holes I (79) for the pins of the pin hole die I to pass through; a circular rod gap track (75) which is driven by the horizontal circular rod (61) of the pin hole die I to move forward and backward so as to drive the sliding block die I to lift; an inclined cylinder I (77) which is used for linear sliding in the inner cavity of the outer die I is also arranged; the sliding block die I is sealed in the cavity of the outer die I by a pressing block frame I (43), and the pressing block frame I is fixed with the surface of the outer die I through a fastener; the inclined cylinder I (77) is limited to slide in an inclined chute formed by inclined planes in the cavities of the outer die I which are arranged alternately and mutually parallel and an inclined plane (85) on the pressing block frame; and a supporting rail I (42) is fixed on the outer side surface of the outer die I.
The outer die II (47), the slider die II (48) and the pin hole die II (51) are combined together. The sliding block die II is provided with a pin hole II for the pin of the pin hole die II to pass through; the sliding block die II is driven to lift by the horizontal round rod of the pin hole die II; the inner cavity of the outer die II is provided with an inclined cylinder II for linear sliding; the sliding block die II is sealed in the cavity of the outer die II by a pressing block frame II, and the pressing block frame II is fixed with the surface of the outer die II through a fastener; the inclined cylinder II is limited to slide in an inclined chute formed by inclined planes in the cavities of the outer die II which are alternately and mutually parallel and inclined planes on the pressing block frame II; and a supporting rail II (50) is fixed on the outer side surface of the outer die II.
The core mould consists of six parts, namely a piston pin hole inner seat piece I (15), a piston pin hole inner seat piece II (7), a piston skirt piece I (9), a piston skirt piece II (13), a piston core mould central piece (11) and a piston spigot piece (5); the piston core mold central piece consists of a rectangular pyramid column (19) and a support table (16) connected with the rectangular pyramid column; the piston skirt piece I and the piston skirt piece II are respectively connected with the edge surfaces of the front side and the rear side of the quadrangular pyramid column through a double-groove tenon track; the piston pin hole inner seat piece I and the piston pin hole inner seat piece II are respectively in surface contact with the prism surfaces of the left side and the right side of the quadrangular pyramid column to clamp the piston skirt piece I, the piston core mold central piece and the piston skirt piece II in the middle. The piston spigot is sleeved on the whole outer side of the combination of the piston pin hole inner seat piece I, the piston pin hole inner seat piece II, the piston skirt piece I, the piston skirt piece II and the piston core mold central piece and is located on the supporting surfaces of the four hydraulic connecting pieces, namely the piston pin hole inner seat piece I (15), the piston pin hole inner seat piece II (7), the piston skirt piece I (9) and the piston skirt piece II (13).
The improvement of the invention is that:
(i) a through groove (87) is formed in the support rail I (42) along the center line, a straight rod I (71) is arranged at the bottom of the pin hole die I (41), and the straight rod I is as wide as the through groove and extends into the through groove; a through groove is formed in the supporting rail II (50) along the center line, a straight rod II is arranged at the bottom of the pin hole die II (51), and the straight rod II is as wide as the through groove and extends into the through groove.
The pin hole die is characterized in that a pin column is arranged at the front end of the pin hole die, a horizontal round rod is arranged below the pin hole die, and the pin column needs to penetrate through the outer die wall from the outside to the inside of a die cavity to be used as a core, so that the pin hole die can be usually manufactured into a high, narrow and long object. The straight rod is matched with the through groove, so that the pin hole die is prevented from swinging around the upper part at two sides in the movement process.
(ii) The upper part of the pin hole die I is provided with a T-shaped guide rail groove I (69); the upper part of the pin hole die II is provided with a T-shaped guide rail groove II.
(iii) The upper part in the cavity of the outer mold I is provided with a T-shaped guide rail I; the upper part in the cavity of the outer die II is provided with a T-shaped guide rail II.
(iv) The T-shaped guide rail groove I is sleeved on the T-shaped guide rail I; the T-shaped guide rail groove II is sleeved on the T-shaped guide rail II.
The T-shaped guide rail groove and the T-shaped guide rail jointly form a linear track, so that the pin hole die is prevented from jolting in movement. In addition, the linear rails also bear the full weight of the pin-hole die in motion. The present invention has shifted the weight of the pin-hole die to be borne by the upper portion of the outer die cavity, as compared to the full weight borne by the original rail. Because the mass of the outer die is far greater than that of the support rail, the anti-bumping performance is substantially improved or enhanced in view of the inertia effect compared with the original support rail with the suspended lower part. The gravity action of the pin hole die on the supporting rail is cancelled, so that the mechanical shaking caused by the gravity action of the pin hole die in motion is prevented from being transmitted from the root of the supporting rail to the pressing block frame fixed with the root of the supporting rail, and finally the shaking is transmitted to the sliding block die by the pressing block frame; the problem that the horizontal round rod directly stirs the sliding block die after the major axis of the pin hole die is amplified due to the shaking is also avoided, and the galling phenomenon on the surface of a casting during demoulding is effectively avoided.
(v) The pin hole die I is provided with a lower pressing block I (73) of the pin hole under the root of the pin I; and the pin hole die II is provided with a lower pressing block II of the pin hole under the root of the pin II.
After the pin hole die I is pushed in place on the rail, a pressing block (73) at the lower part of the pin hole directly presses against the lower part (81) of the pin hole on the sliding block die. The slide block die I can freely lift through the up-and-down sliding of the inclined cylinder body in the inclined plane sliding groove, a certain tolerance is required to be reserved between the groove and the inclined cylinder body technically, and the slide block die I cannot slide due to large resistance. Because of the tolerance, the current pin hole die I can only keep the horizontal round rod (61) still after being pushed into place, but the sliding block die I can still rotate around the horizontal round rod. Therefore, the existing pin hole die I can not completely fix the slide die I and is loose. Horizontal round bar (61) directly supports and presses on the sliding block die I in round bar gap track (75) and pin hole lower part briquetting (73), has used two effect points to fasten the sliding block die I, has just so prevented sliding block die I's translation and rotation, also directly prevented the radial motion of the outward conduct of sliding block die I that the die cavity arouses because of the casting liquid is full in the casting naturally, improved the casting precision of foundry goods lateral wall thickness.
When the pin-hole die is used, a push rod of the hydraulic cylinder mechanism is connected with the rear end of the pin-hole die I, so that a horizontal round rod (61), a T-shaped guide rail groove (69) and a straight rod (71) of the pin-hole die I are respectively matched with a round rod gap track (75), a T-shaped guide rail (93) and a through groove (87). When the pin hole die I is pushed to move, the horizontal round rod (61) moves on the downhill section of the round rod gap track (75), the inclined cylinder (77) of the sliding block die I slides upwards in the inclined sliding groove, and the sliding block die moves forwards and upwards. The horizontal round rod (61) moves in the horizontal section of the round rod gap track (75), and the sliding block die stops moving forwards and upwards. The pin hole die I continues to move forwards, and the pin (63) is aligned with the pin hole (99) and penetrates through the pin hole until the pin hole die I extends into the cavity; and when the horizontal round rod is at the tail end of the horizontal section of the round rod gap track, a pressing block (73) at the lower part of the pin hole is propped against the lower part (81) of the pin hole, and the pin hole die I stops moving. The hydraulic cylinder mechanism holds the pressure until the demolding process after casting. And when demoulding, the pin hole mould I is drawn by the hydraulic cylinder mechanism to retreat. The process is that the pin columns are drawn out from the pin hole and the pin column hole of the blank of the casting part in sequence, and then the sliding block die I slowly retreats and descends during retreating. And when the sliding block die I returns to the initial state, stopping the traction of the hydraulic cylinder mechanism, and finishing the demoulding process.
(vi) The quadrangular pyramid column (19) is tightly connected with the supporting platform (16) through a bolt with a chord section; the bolt with the chord section is provided with a bolt side hole (31) and a bolt tail end face hole (29); the end face hole at the tail end of the bolt is communicated with the bolt side hole.
The bolt chord section (27) is used for flowing the return water. The bolt side hole (31) is a place where water is bound to flow in, and the inflowing water flows out from the end face hole (29) at the tail end of the bolt. The bolt with the chord section penetrates out of the center hole (21) of the support platform along the center line and penetrates into the quadrangular pyramid column (19) to connect the quadrangular pyramid column (19) and the support platform (16) into a whole. The quadrangular pyramid column (19) and the support platform (16) are two parts. In order to improve the precision of the connection between the front and rear two edge surfaces of the quadrangular pyramid cylinder and the piston skirt piece I and II by the double-groove tenon tracks, an integral piece formed by combining the piston skirt piece I, the quadrangular pyramid cylinder and the piston skirt piece II can be manufactured firstly, and then the piston skirt piece I, the quadrangular pyramid cylinder and the piston skirt piece II are obtained by one-time linear cutting separation. The connection between them is a surface contact, the whole side of the rail connection is the rail surface of the double groove tenon. This allows an orbital connection between the quadrangular pyramid cylinder and the piston skirt piece with an accuracy of 0.12 mm. In the prior art, the connection between the quadrangular pyramid column and the supporting table is integrated, the double-channel groove track can be processed only by a milling machine, and the tolerance is 0.5 mm. Therefore, the improvement of the invention greatly improves the connection precision between the piston skirt piece and the piston core mould central piece. Because the contact is tighter, the heat transfer effect is better, and the casting effect brought by the water cooling of the piston core mold central piece is enhanced.
(vii) The side surface of the supporting platform is provided with a supporting platform side surface hole I (23) and a supporting platform side surface hole II (25); the side surface hole I (23) of the supporting platform is communicated with the bolt side hole (31).
In the core mold assembly, the support table side surface hole I (23) is a water inlet.
(viii) The long copper pipe is inserted into the end surface hole (29) of the tail end of the bolt and connected through threads.
Inside the long copper pipe, water is supplied to flow.
(ix) A rectangular pyramid column deep hole is formed in the lower end face of the rectangular pyramid column, and the hole diameter is 2-4 mm larger than the outer diameter of the long copper pipe; the long copper tube is inserted into the deep hole of the rectangular pyramid column.
The long copper tube is inserted into the deep hole of the rectangular pyramid column. The long copper pipe is internally provided with a water inlet channel, and a cavity between the rectangular pyramid column deep hole and the outer surface of the long copper pipe is a water return channel. The distance between the tail end of the long copper pipe and the bottom surface of the deep hole of the rectangular pyramid column is 2-5 mm. The piston core mould central piece is small in radial direction, the diameter of a deep hole of the rectangular pyramid column can only be 8 mm, and the deep hole is easy to block due to scale during use, so that the scale needs to be removed periodically. The bolts with the chord sections are connected between the quadrangular pyramid columns and the supporting platform, so that the quadrangular pyramid columns and the supporting platform are conveniently separated, and the requirement for regularly removing scale is met.
(x) And a side surface hole II (25) of the supporting platform is communicated with the outside of the chord section of the bolt and the deep hole of the rectangular pyramid column.
In the core mold assembly, the support table side surface hole II is an outlet after the cooling water is refluxed.
Therefore, the bolt with the tangential surface has the following four functions: firstly, the quadrangular pyramid column and the supporting table are connected into a whole. Secondly, the inside and the outside are water channels. Thirdly, can screw off, regularly clear away the interior incrustation scale of rectangular pyramid column deep hole to prevent the jam. Fourthly, the rectangular pyramid column connected with the piston skirt piece I and the piston skirt piece II before assembly can be manufactured into an integral piece together, and then the integral piece is separated by adopting one-time linear cutting processing, so that the processing precision of the double-groove track on the front and rear edge surfaces of the rectangular pyramid column is improved.
When the core mold is used, cooling water flows from the side surface hole I (23) of the supporting table to the interior of the long copper pipe (35) through the bolt side hole (31) and the bolt tail end surface hole (29) in sequence and flows out from the tail end. The water flowing out absorbs heat from the deep hole side wall of the rectangular pyramid column. The water after absorbing heat flows along the chord section (27) of the bolt and flows out from the side hole II (25) of the support platform. During the continuous flow of water, the heat stored in the casting material flows radially through the sidewall of the core mold to the deep-hole side of the rectangular pyramid pillar and lowers the temperature of the casting material. When the temperature is reduced to the preset temperature, the core mold can be removed according to the conventional operation.
In order to avoid transverse splashing generated by the descending kinetic energy of the aluminum liquid during gravity casting, the aluminum liquid firstly splashed into the cavity is clamped in the piston and is firstly cooled and solidified, and cannot be processed and removed after being cooled and solidified, so that the casting precision is directly influenced, a double-cavity mold can be adopted; the two cavity filling ports are connected through a horizontal pouring channel (101); the feeding port (91) is communicated with the horizontal pouring channel (101) through a conical vertical pouring channel. The outer die I (45) and the outer die II (47) are combined together and internally comprise two cavities (100, 103). Molten aluminum is poured from a pouring gate (91), passes through a vertical section conical pouring gate and then is accumulated in a pouring pool of a horizontal pouring gate (101). The aluminum liquid in the pool flows towards the mold filling openings of the two cavities along the horizontal direction and finally flows into the mold cavities. A2 mm wide filling opening is formed at a position 4mm away from the piston skirt part of the horizontal pouring channel. During casting, the aluminum liquid is poured into the conical pouring gate at a stable speed, the horizontal pouring gate absorbs the kinetic energy converted by gravity, and the aluminum liquid is slowly and stably filled upwards in the pool, so that transverse splashing is eliminated.
The quadrangular pyramid column is in a wedge shape, and is easy to pull out in demoulding due to the shrinkage of water-cooling volume. The demolding time is shortened; the high-precision pin hole die track device accurately pushes the sliding block die and prevents the sliding block die from translating and rotating after being in place, so that the conventional traction power can be completely concentrated on effective movement, and abnormal various abrasion is eliminated; and fast cooling of water cooling of the core mold; this shortens the casting cycle time by 1 minute 20 seconds from the existing 1 minute 30 seconds casting of one casting, which improves the throughput per unit time. Meanwhile, due to the overall improvement of the precision, the yield of the casting is improved from 80% to 96%; the total number of the castings of one die is increased from 15 to 30 thousands, and good economic effect is achieved while the productivity is greatly improved.
Claims (3)
1. The improved structure of the die assembly for greatly improving the casting precision of the lightweight aluminum piston comprises eight components, namely an upper die (52), an outer die I (45), a pin hole die I (41), a sliding block die I (44), an outer die II (47), a pin hole die II (51), a sliding block die II (48) and a core die (46);
the slide block die I is provided with pin holes I (79) for the pins of the pin hole die I to pass through; a circular rod gap track (75) which is driven by the horizontal circular rod (61) of the pin hole die I to move forward and backward so as to drive the sliding block die I to lift; an inclined cylinder I (77) which is used for linear sliding in the inner cavity of the outer die I is also arranged; the sliding block die I is sealed in the cavity of the outer die I by a pressing block frame I (43), and the pressing block frame I is fixed with the surface of the outer die I through a fastener; the inclined cylinder I (77) is limited to slide in an inclined chute formed by inclined planes in the cavities of the outer die I which are arranged alternately and mutually parallel and an inclined plane (85) on the pressing block frame; a supporting rail I (42) is fixed on the outer side surface of the outer die I;
the sliding block die II is provided with a pin hole II for the pin of the pin hole die II to pass through; the sliding block die II is driven to lift by the horizontal round rod of the pin hole die II; the inner cavity of the outer die II is provided with an inclined cylinder II for linear sliding; the sliding block die II is sealed in the cavity of the outer die II by a pressing block frame II, and the pressing block frame II is fixed with the surface of the outer die II through a fastener; the inclined cylinder II is limited to slide in an inclined chute formed by inclined planes in the cavities of the outer die II which are alternately and mutually parallel and inclined planes on the pressing block frame II; a supporting rail II (50) is fixed on the outer side surface of the outer die II;
the core mould consists of six parts, namely a piston pin hole inner seat piece I (15), a piston pin hole inner seat piece II (7), a piston skirt piece I (9), a piston skirt piece II (13), a piston core mould central piece (11) and a piston spigot piece (5); the piston core mold central piece consists of a rectangular pyramid column (19) and a support table (16) connected with the rectangular pyramid column; the piston skirt piece I and the piston skirt piece II are respectively connected with the edge surfaces of the front side and the rear side of the quadrangular pyramid column through a double-groove tenon track; the piston pin hole inner seat piece I and the piston pin hole inner seat piece II are respectively in surface contact with the prism surfaces on the left side and the right side of the quadrangular pyramid column to clamp the piston skirt piece I, the piston core mold central piece and the piston skirt piece II in the middle;
the piston core mold central piece is provided with a water cooling channel along the central line and a water inlet pipe leading to the water cooling channel;
the method is characterized in that:
(i) a through groove (87) is formed in the support rail I (42) along the center line, a straight rod I (71) is arranged at the bottom of the pin hole die I (41), and the straight rod I is as wide as the through groove and extends into the through groove; a through groove is formed in the supporting rail II (50) along the central line, a straight rod II is arranged at the bottom of the pin hole die II (51), and the straight rod II is as wide as the through groove and extends into the through groove;
(ii) the upper part of the pin hole die I is provided with a T-shaped guide rail groove I (69); the upper part of the pin hole die II is provided with a T-shaped guide rail groove II;
(iii) the upper part in the cavity of the outer mold I is provided with a T-shaped guide rail I; the upper part in the cavity of the outer mold II is provided with a T-shaped guide rail II;
(iv) the T-shaped guide rail groove I is sleeved on the T-shaped guide rail I; the T-shaped guide rail groove II is sleeved on the T-shaped guide rail II;
(v) the pin hole die I is provided with a lower pressing block I (73) of the pin hole under the root of the pin I; the pin hole die II is provided with a lower pressing block II with a pin hole right below the root of the pin II;
(vi) the quadrangular pyramid column (19) is tightly connected with the supporting platform (16) through a bolt with a chord section; the bolt with the chord section is provided with a bolt side hole (31) and a bolt tail end face hole (29); the end face hole at the tail end of the bolt is communicated with the bolt side hole;
(vii) the side surface of the supporting platform is provided with a supporting platform side surface hole I (23) and a supporting platform side surface hole II (25); a side hole I (23) of the supporting platform is communicated with a bolt side hole (31);
(viii) the long copper pipe is inserted into a hole (29) at the end surface of the tail end of the bolt and is connected through threads;
(ix) a rectangular pyramid column deep hole is formed in the lower end face of the rectangular pyramid column, and the hole diameter is 2-4 mm larger than the outer diameter of the long copper pipe; the long copper pipe is inserted into the deep hole of the rectangular pyramid column;
(x) And a side surface hole II (25) of the supporting platform is communicated with the outside of the chord section of the bolt and the deep hole of the rectangular pyramid column.
2. The improved structure of the die assembly for greatly improving the casting precision of the lightweight aluminum piston as claimed in claim 1, wherein the die assembly is a double-cavity die; the two cavity filling ports are connected through a horizontal pouring channel (101); the feeding port (91) is communicated with the horizontal pouring channel (101) through a conical vertical pouring channel.
3. The improved structure of the die assembly for greatly improving the casting precision of the light aluminum piston according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the two-way groove and tenon track surface formed by respectively connecting the front and rear edge surfaces of the quadrangular pyramid cylinder with the piston skirt piece I and the piston skirt piece II is formed by cutting and separating the warp of an integral piece formed by combining the piston skirt piece I, the quadrangular pyramid cylinder and the piston skirt piece II.
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| CN201911151030.1A CN111421114B (en) | 2019-11-22 | 2019-11-22 | Improve mould subassembly and improve structure of lightweight aluminium piston casting precision by a wide margin |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112247117A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2021-01-22 | 南平华田机械工业有限公司 | Mould assembly for greatly improving casting yield of aluminum piston blank of heavy diesel engine |
| CN112264586A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-26 | 湖南江滨机器（集团）有限责任公司 | Cooling method for piston casting die shaft pin and casting piston pin hole |
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| CN111421114B (en) | 2021-07-13 |
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